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Matsuzaki T, Keene DR, Nishimoto E, Noda M. Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs and MT1-MMP promote the formation of robust fibrillin fibers. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:1980-1995. [PMID: 32730638 PMCID: PMC7818472 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillins (FBNs) form mesh-like structures of microfibrils in various elastic tissues. RECK and FBN1 are co-expressed in many human tissues, suggesting a functional relationship. We found that dermal FBN1 fibers show atypical morphology in mice with reduced RECK expression (RECK-Hypo mice). Dermal FBN1 fibers in mice-lacking membrane-type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) show a similar atypical morphology, despite the current notion that MT1-MMP (a membrane-bound protease) and RECK (a membrane-bound protease inhibitor) have opposing functions. Our experiments using dermal fibroblasts indicated that RECK promotes pro-MT1-MMP activation, increases cell-associated gelatinase/collagenase activity, and decreases diffusible gelatinase/collagenase activity, while MT1-MMP stabilizes RECK in these cells. Experiments using purified proteins indicate that RECK and its binding partner ADAMTS10 keep the proteolytic activity of MT1-MMP within a certain range. These findings suggest that RECK, ADAMTS10, and MT1-MMP cooperate to support the formation of robust FBN1 fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular OncologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Douglas R. Keene
- Departments of Medical Genetics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shriners Hospital for ChildrenOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Emi Nishimoto
- Department of Molecular OncologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular OncologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
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Shi G, Yoshida Y, Yuki K, Nishimura T, Kawata Y, Kawashima M, Iwaisako K, Yoshikawa K, Kurebayashi J, Toi M, Noda M. Pattern of RECK CpG methylation as a potential marker for predicting breast cancer prognosis and drug-sensitivity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82158-82169. [PMID: 27058625 PMCID: PMC5347682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-anchored glycoprotein RECK negatively regulates multiple metalloproteinases and is frequently downregulated in tumors. Forced RECK expression in cancer cells results in suppression of tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in xenograft models. A previous methylome study on breast cancer tissues detected inverse correlation between RECK CpG methylation (in an intron-1 region) and relapse-free survival. In this study, we focused on another region of the RECK CpG island (a promoter/exon-1 region) and found an inverse correlation between its methylation and RECK-inducibility by an HDAC inhibitor, MS275, among a panel of breast cancer cell lines (n=15). In clinical samples (n=62), RECK intron-1 methylation was prevalent among luminal breast cancers as reported previously (26 of 38 cases; 68%) and particularly enriched in tumors of the ER+PR- subclass (10 of 10 cases) and of higher histological grades (Grade 2 and 3; 28 of 43 cases; P=0.006). In about a half of these cases, promoter/exon-1 methylation was absent, and hence, RECK may be inducible by certain drugs such as MS275. Our results indicate the value of combined use of two RECK methylation markers for predicting prognosis and drug-sensitivity of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Shi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshida
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Yuki
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nishimura
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kawata
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawashima
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Department of Target Therapy and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Kurebayashi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Noda M, Vallon M, Kuo CJ. The Wnt7's Tale: A story of an orphan who finds her tie to a famous family. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:576-82. [PMID: 26934061 PMCID: PMC4970824 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformation suppressor gene RECK was isolated by cDNA expression cloning (1998), and GPR124/TEM5 was detected as a tumor endothelial marker by differential screening (2000). The importance of Wnt7a/b and Gpr124 in brain angiogenesis was demonstrated by reverse genetics in mice (2008–2010). A series of recent studies using genetically engineered mice and zebrafish as well as luciferase reporter assays in cultured cells led to the discovery of functional interactions among Reck, Gpr124, and Wnt7a/b in triggering canonical Wnt signaling with relevance to embryonic brain angiogenesis and blood–brain barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mario Vallon
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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4
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Critical roles for murine Reck in the regulation of vascular patterning and stabilization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17860. [PMID: 26658478 PMCID: PMC4675993 DOI: 10.1038/srep17860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to play several important roles in vascular development, although the molecular mechanisms behind these remain largely unknown. RECK, a tumor suppressor downregulated in a wide variety of cancers, encodes a membrane-anchored matrix-metalloproteinase-regulator. Mice lacking functional Reck die in utero, demonstrating its importance for mammalian embryogenesis; however, the underlying causes of mid-gestation lethality remain unclear. Using Reck conditional knockout mice, we have now demonstrated that the lack of Reck in vascular mural cells is largely responsible for mid-gestation lethality. Experiments using cultured aortic explants further revealed that Reck is essential for at least two events in sprouting angiogenesis; (1) correct association of mural and endothelial tip cells to the microvessels and (2) maintenance of fibronectin matrix surrounding the vessels. These findings demonstrate the importance of appropriate cell-cell interactions and ECM maintenance for angiogenesis and the involvement of Reck as a critical regulator of these events.
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Gutiérrez J, Droppelmann CA, Contreras O, Takahashi C, Brandan E. RECK-Mediated β1-Integrin Regulation by TGF-β1 Is Critical for Wound Contraction in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135005. [PMID: 26247610 PMCID: PMC4527692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are critical for wound contraction; a pivotal step in wound healing. They produce and modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) required for the proper tissue remodeling. Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) is a key regulator of ECM homeostasis and turnover. However, its role in wound contraction is presently unknown. Here we describe that Transforming growth factor type β1 (TGF-β1), one of the main pro-fibrotic wound-healing promoting factors, decreases RECK expression in fibroblasts through the Smad and JNK dependent pathways. This TGF-β1 dependent downregulation of RECK occurs with the concomitant increase of β1-integrin, which is required for fibroblasts adhesion and wound contraction through the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Loss and gain RECK expression experiments performed in different types of fibroblasts indicate that RECK downregulation mediates TGF-β1 dependent β1-integrin expression. Also, reduced levels of RECK potentiate TGF-β1 effects over fibroblasts FAK-dependent contraction, without affecting its cognate signaling. The above results were confirmed on fibroblasts derived from the Reck+/- mice compared to wild type-derived fibroblasts. We observed that Reck+/- mice heal dermal wounds more efficiently than wild type mice. Our results reveal a critical role for RECK in skin wound contraction as a key mediator in the axis: TGF-β1—RECK- β1-integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (JG); (EB)
| | - Cristian A. Droppelmann
- Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (JG); (EB)
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Yuki K, Yoshida Y, Inagaki R, Hiai H, Noda M. E-cadherin-downregulation and RECK-upregulation are coupled in the non-malignant epithelial cell line MCF10A but not in multiple carcinoma-derived cell lines. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4568. [PMID: 24691523 PMCID: PMC3972504 DOI: 10.1038/srep04568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of a mesenchymal phenotype is often associated with invasive/metastatic behaviors of carcinoma cells. Acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype by a carcinoma cell is known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase-regulator RECK is abundant in normal mesenchymal cells. In aggressive carcinomas, however, RECK expression is often downregulated. This apparent paradox prompted us to clarify the relationship between EMT and RECK. We found that TGFβ-induced E-cadherin downregulation, a hallmark of EMT, is accompanied by RECK-upregulation in a non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line (MCF10A). In contrast, the loss of E-cadherin expression is uncoupled from RECK-upregulation in carcinoma-derived cell lines (MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and A549). When RECK was artificially expressed in A549 cells, it showed little effect on EMT but elevated the level of integrin α5 and attenuated cell proliferation and migration. These findings implicate RECK in the regulation of proliferation and migration of normal epithelial cells after EMT and suggest how the uncoupling between EMT and RECK-upregulation impacts on the fates and behaviors of carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Yuki
- 1] Department of Molecular Oncology, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan [2] Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshida
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosaku Inagaki
- Genomic Research Laboratories Research Division, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 1-98, Kasugadenaka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hiai
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Noda
- 1] Department of Molecular Oncology, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan [2] Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan [3] Global COE Program, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Jung HM, Phillips BL, Patel RS, Cohen DM, Jakymiw A, Kong WW, Cheng JQ, Chan EKL. Keratinization-associated miR-7 and miR-21 regulate tumor suppressor reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) in oral cancer. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29261-72. [PMID: 22761427 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.366518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression during many biological processes. Recently, the aberrant expressions of miRNAs have become a major focus in cancer research. The purpose of this study was to identify deregulated miRNAs in oral cancer and further focus on specific miRNAs that were related to patient survival. Here, we report that miRNA expression profiling provided more precise information when oral squamous cell carcinomas were subcategorized on the basis of clinicopathological parameters (tumor primary site, histological subtype, tumor stage, and HPV16 status). An innovative radar chart analysis method was developed to depict subcategories of cancers taking into consideration the expression patterns of multiple miRNAs combined with the clinicopathological parameters. Keratinization of tumors and the high expression of miR-21 were the major factors related to the poor prognosis of patients. Interestingly, a majority of the keratinized tumors expressed high levels of miR-21. Further investigations demonstrated the regulation of the tumor suppressor gene reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) by two keratinization-associated miRNAs, miR-7 and miR-21. Transfection of miR-7 and miR-21-mimics reduced the expression of RECK through direct miRNA-mediated regulation, and these miRNAs were inversely correlated with RECK in CAL 27 orthotopic xenograft tumors. Furthermore, a similar inverse correlation was demonstrated in CAL 27 cells treated in vitro by different external stimuli such as trypsinization, cell density, and serum concentration. Taken together, our data show that keratinization is associated with poor prognosis of oral cancer patients and keratinization-associated miRNAs mediate deregulation of RECK which may contribute to the aggressiveness of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Jung
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Rabien A, Ergün B, Erbersdobler A, Jung K, Stephan C. RECK overexpression decreases invasive potential in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2012; 72:948-54. [PMID: 22025325 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RECK is a tumor suppressor which inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis. Based on RECK expression in prostate cancer tissue and cell lines, our aim was to investigate functional relevance of RECK for prostate carcinoma. METHODS RECK protein levels were determined by Western blotting in the human prostate cell lines BPH-1, DU-145, LNCaP, PC-3, and in tissue of 12 normal/tumor matches of patients after radical prostatectomy. Functional characteristics of DU-145 cells with stable RECK overexpression included proliferation, invasion, regulation of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-14 measured by zymography (MMP-2 and -9) or commercially available assays. RESULTS RECK was expressed in cell lines and tissue with a significant decrease in malignant tissue (P = 0.002). RECK overexpression caused an up to 80% decrease in invasion for DU-145 cells (P < 0.001) and a decrease of pro-MMP-9 (42%) and of pro-/active MMP-14 (up to 53% of control). Proliferation was not affected by RECK overexpression. CONCLUSIONS The considerable anti-invasive potential of RECK points to new therapeutic possibilities for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rabien
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Yamamoto M, Matsuzaki T, Takahashi R, Adachi E, Maeda Y, Yamaguchi S, Kitayama H, Echizenya M, Morioka Y, Alexander DB, Yagi T, Itohara S, Nakamura T, Akiyama H, Noda M. The transformation suppressor gene Reck is required for postaxial patterning in mouse forelimbs. Biol Open 2012; 1:458-66. [PMID: 23213437 PMCID: PMC3507216 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2012638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-anchored metalloproteinase-regulator RECK has been characterized as a tumor suppressor. Here we report that mice with reduced Reck-expression show limb abnormalities including right-dominant, forelimb-specific defects in postaxial skeletal elements. The forelimb buds of low-Reck mutants have an altered dorsal ectoderm with reduced Wnt7a and Igf2 expression, and hypotrophy in two signaling centers (i.e., ZPA and AER) that are essential for limb outgrowth and patterning. Reck is abundantly expressed in the anterior mesenchyme in normal limb buds; mesenchyme-specific Reck inactivation recapitulates the low-Reck phenotype; and some teratogens downregulate Reck in mesenchymal cells. Our findings illustrate a role for Reck in the mesenchymal-epithelial interactions essential for mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology ; Global COE Program
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Involvement of the SKP2-p27(KIP1) pathway in suppression of cancer cell proliferation by RECK. Oncogene 2011; 31:4128-38. [PMID: 22158033 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase-regulator RECK is often downregulated in cancers; in some cases, a significant correlation between the level of residual RECK in resected tumors and patient survival has been noted. Furthermore, restoration of RECK expression in certain cancer-derived cell lines results in reduced tumorigenicity. Here we report that acute RECK expression in colon carcinoma cells results in cell cycle-arrest accompanied by downregulation of a ubiquitin ligase component, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), and upregulation of its substrate, p27(KIP1). Our data indicate that RECK-induced growth suppression is at least partially dependent on p27, and that RECK and type I collagen share similar effects on the SKP2-p27 pathway. Importantly, in patients with lung, colorectal and bladder cancers, the RECK/SKP2 ratio is high in normal tissues and lower in the cancer tissues. These findings reveal a novel molecular pathway linking cell-cycle progression to RECK downregulation, extracellular matrix degradation and SKP2 upregulation, and suggest that treatment regimens that induce RECK expression could be promising cancer therapies.
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So EC, Wu KC, Liang CH, Chen JY, Wu SN. Evidence for activation of BKCa channels by a known inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase, PF573228. Life Sci 2011; 89:691-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs interferes with epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Oncogene 2010; 30:737-50. [PMID: 20890302 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) gene had been isolated as an antagonist to RAS signaling; however, the mechanism of its action is not clear. In this study, the effect of loss of RECK function was assessed in various ways and cell systems. Successive cell cultivation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) according to 3T3 protocol revealed that the germline knockout of RECK confers accelerated cell proliferation and early escape from cellular senescence associated with downregulation of p19(Arf), Trp53 and p21(Cdkn1a). In contrast, short hairpin RNA-mediated depletion of RECK induced irreversible growth arrest along with several features of the Arf, Trp53 and Cdkn1a-dependent cellular senescence. Within 2 days of RECK depletion, we observed a transient increase in protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation associated with an upregulated expression of cyclin D1, p19(Arf), Trp53, p21(Cdkn1a) and Sprouty 2. On further cultivation, RAS, AKT and ERK activities were then downregulated to a level lower than control, indicating that RECK depletion leads to a negative feedback to RAS signaling and subsequent cellular senescence. In addition, we observed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity was transiently upregulated by RECK depletion in MEFs, and continuously downregulated by RECK overexpression in colon cancer cells. These findings indicate that RECK is a novel modulator of EGFR signaling.
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Wang H, Imamura Y, Ishibashi R, Chandana EPS, Yamamoto M, Noda M. The Reck tumor suppressor protein alleviates tissue damage and promotes functional recovery after transient cerebral ischemia in mice. J Neurochem 2010; 115:385-98. [PMID: 20796170 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is important for both structural integrity and functions of the brain. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play major roles in ECM-remodeling under both physiological and pathological conditions. Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (Reck) is a membrane-anchored MMP-regulator implicated in coordinated regulation of pericellular proteolysis. Although patho-physiological importance of MMPs and another group of MMP-regulators, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, in brain ischemia has been demonstrated, little is known about the role of Reck in this process. In this study, we found that Reck is up-regulated in hippocampus and penumbra of subventricular zone after transient cerebral ischemia in mice. Most of the Reck-positive cells found at day 2 after ischemia are positive for Nestin as well as Ki67 and localized to the CA2 region of the hippocampus. At day 7 after ischemia, the Reck-positive cells increased in number, extended processes, expressed the reactive astrocyte marker GFAP and the neuronal marker NF200, and were widely distributed in the hippocampus. In the mutant mice carrying single functional Reck allele (Reck+/-), tissue damage and cell death after cerebral ischemia were augmented, the recovery of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus was compromised, NR2C subunit of NMDA receptor was up-regulated, gelatinolytic activity of MMPs were up-regulated and laminin-immunoreactivity was reduced. Our data implicate Reck in protection of ECM/tissue integrity and promotion of functional recovery in the brain after transient cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Involvement of the Reck tumor suppressor protein in maternal and embryonic vascular remodeling in mice. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 10:84. [PMID: 20691046 PMCID: PMC2923112 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-10-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Developmental angiogenesis proceeds through multiple morphogenetic events including sprouting, intussusception, and pruning. Mice lacking the membrane-anchored metalloproteinase regulator Reck die in utero around embryonic day 10.5 with halted vascular development; however, the mechanisms by which this phenotype arises remain unclear. Results We found that Reck is abundantly expressed in the cells associated with blood vessels undergoing angiogenesis or remodelling in the uteri of pregnant female mice. Some of the Reck-positive vessels show morphological features consistent with non-sprouting angiogenesis. Treatment with a vector expressing a small hairpin RNA against Reck severely disrupts the formation of blood vessels with a compact, round lumen. Similar defects were found in the vasculature of Reck-deficient or Reck conditional knockout embryos. Conclusions Our findings implicate Reck in vascular remodeling, possibly through non-sprouting angiogenesis, in both maternal and embyornic tissues.
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Noda M, Takahashi C, Matsuzaki T, Kitayama H. What we learn from transformation suppressor genes: lessons from RECK. Future Oncol 2010; 6:1105-16. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression cloning is a powerful approach to finding genes that induce appreciable changes in cultured cells. One way to use this technique in cancer research is to isolate cDNAs that induce flat reversion in transformed cells. Such screening, however, is inherently artificial, and therefore requires independent validation of the clinical relevance of isolated genes. Studies of the mechanisms of actions, physiological functions and mechanisms of regulation of these genes at various levels may enrich our knowledge of cancer biology and supplement our toolbox in developing new cancer diagnoses and therapies. In this article we discuss the promise, limitations and recent innovations in this approach, taking one transformation suppressor gene, RECK, as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology & Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer & Stem Cell Research, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-cho, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular Oncology & Global COE Program, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kitayama
- Department of Molecular Oncology & Global COE Program, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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