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Hojo M, Maeno A, Sakamoto Y, Ohnuki A, Tada Y, Yamamoto Y, Ikushima K, Inaba R, Suzuki J, Taquahashi Y, Yokota S, Kobayashi N, Ohnishi M, Goto Y, Numano T, Tsuda H, Alexander DB, Kanno J, Hirose A, Inomata A, Nakae D. Two-year intermittent exposure of a multiwalled carbon nanotube by intratracheal instillation induces lung tumors and pleural mesotheliomas in F344 rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:38. [PMID: 35590372 PMCID: PMC9118836 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mounting number of studies have been documenting the carcinogenic potential of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); however, only a few studies have evaluated the pulmonary carcinogenicity of MWCNTs in vivo. A 2-year inhalation study demonstrated that MWNT-7, a widely used MWCNT, was a pulmonary carcinogen in rats. In another 2-year study, rats administered MWNT-7 by intratracheal instillation at the beginning of the experimental period developed pleural mesotheliomas but not lung tumors. To obtain data more comparable with rats exposed to MWNT-7 by inhalation, we administered MWNT-7 to F344 rats by intratracheal instillation once every 4-weeks over the course of 2 years at 0, 0.125, and 0.5 mg/kg body weight, allowing lung burdens of MWNT-7 to increase over the entire experimental period, similar to the inhalation study. RESULTS Absolute and relative lung weights were significantly elevated in both MWNT-7-treated groups. Dose- and time-dependent toxic effects in the lung and pleura, such as inflammatory, fibrotic, and hyperplastic lesions, were found in both treated groups. The incidences of lung carcinomas, lung adenomas, and pleural mesotheliomas were significantly increased in the high-dose group compared with the control group. The pleural mesotheliomas developed mainly at the mediastinum. No MWNT-7-related neoplastic lesions were noted in the other organs. Cytological and biochemical parameters of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were elevated in both treated groups. The lung burden of MWNT-7 was dose- and time-dependent, and at the terminal necropsy, the average value was 0.9 and 3.6 mg/lung in the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively. The number of fibers in the pleural cavity was also dose- and time-dependent. CONCLUSIONS Repeated administration of MWNT-7 by intratracheal instillation over the 2 years indicates that MWNT-7 is carcinogenic to both the lung and pleura of rats, which differs from the results of the 2 carcinogenicity tests by inhalation or intratracheal instillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Hojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan.
| | - Ai Maeno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Aya Ohnuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yukie Tada
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Ikushima
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Ryota Inaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Jin Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Jun Kanno
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Animal Medical Course, Department of Medical Sports, Faculty of Health Care and Medical Sports, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-1 Uruido-Minami, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-0193, Japan. .,Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Saleh DM, Luo S, Ahmed OHM, Alexander DB, Alexander WT, Gunasekaran S, El-Gazzar AM, Abdelgied M, Numano T, Takase H, Ohnishi M, Tomono S, Hady RHAE, Fukamachi K, Kanno J, Hirose A, Xu J, Suzuki S, Naiki-Ito A, Takahashi S, Tsuda H. Assessment of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of double-walled carbon nanotubes in the rat lung after intratracheal instillation: a two-year study. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:30. [PMID: 35449069 PMCID: PMC9026941 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the expanding industrial applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), safety assessment of these materials is far less than needed. Very few long-term in vivo studies have been carried out. This is the first 2-year in vivo study to assess the effects of double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) in the lung and pleura of rats after pulmonary exposure. Methods Rats were divided into six groups: untreated, Vehicle, 3 DWCNT groups (0.12 mg/rat, 0.25 mg/rat and 0.5 mg/rat), and MWCNT-7 (0.5 mg/rat). The test materials were administrated by intratracheal-intrapulmonary spraying (TIPS) every other day for 15 days. Rats were observed without further treatment until sacrifice. Results DWCNT were biopersistent in the rat lung and induced marked pulmonary inflammation with a significant increase in macrophage count and levels of the chemotactic cytokines CCL2 and CCL3. In addition, the 0.5 mg DWCNT treated rats had significantly higher pulmonary collagen deposition compared to the vehicle controls. The development of carcinomas in the lungs of rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT (4/24) was not quite statistically higher (p = 0.0502) than the vehicle control group (0/25), however, the overall incidence of lung tumor development, bronchiolo-alveolar adenoma and bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma combined, in the lungs of rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT (7/24) was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than the vehicle control group (1/25). Notably, two of the rats treated with DWCNT, one in the 0.25 mg group and one in the 0.5 mg group, developed pleural mesotheliomas. However, both of these lesions developed in the visceral pleura, and unlike the rats administered MWCNT-7, rats administered DWCNT did not have elevated levels of HMGB1 in their pleural lavage fluids. This indicates that the mechanism by which the mesotheliomas that developed in the DWCNT treated rats is not relevant to humans. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the DWCNT fibers we tested are biopersistent in the rat lung and induce chronic inflammation. Rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT developed pleural fibrosis and lung tumors. These findings demonstrate that the possibility that at least some types of DWCNTs are fibrogenic and tumorigenic cannot be ignored.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00469-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mourad Saleh
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Shengyong Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Omnia Hosny Mohamed Ahmed
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - William T Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Sivagami Gunasekaran
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ahmed M El-Gazzar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelgied
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Takamasa Numano
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan Bioassay Research Center, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Tomono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Randa Hussein Abd El Hady
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- National Institute Hygienic Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Jiegou Xu
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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3
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Wang Q, Wang Q, Zhao Z, Fan J, Qin L, Alexander DB, Tsuda H, Zhao D, Xu J. Surfactant Proteins A/D-CD14 on Alveolar Macrophages Is a Common Pathway Associated With Phagocytosis of Nanomaterials and Cytokine Production. Front Immunol 2021; 12:758941. [PMID: 34777371 PMCID: PMC8578846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages are responsible for clearance of airborne dust and pathogens. How they recognize and phagocytose a variety of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with different properties is an important issue for safety assessment of ENMs. Surfactant-associated proteins, specifically existing in the pulmonary surfactant, are important opsonins for phagocytosis of airborne microorganisms. The purposes of the current study are to understand whether opsonization of ENMs by surfactant-associated proteins promotes phagocytosis of ENMs and cytokine production, and to determine whether a common pathway for phagocytosis of ENMs with different properties exists. For these purposes, four ENMs, MWCNT-7, TiO2, SiO2, and fullerene C60, with different shapes, sizes, chemical compositions, and surface reactivities, were chosen for this study. Short-term pulmonary exposure to MWCNT-7, TiO2, SiO2, and C60 induced inflammation in the rat lung, and most of the administered ENMs were phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. The ENMs were phagocytosed by isolated primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in vitro, and phagocytosis was enhanced by rat bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), suggesting that proteins in the BALF were associated with phagocytosis. Analysis of proteins bound to the 4 ENMs by LC/MS indicated that surfactant-associated proteins A and D (SP-A, SP-D) were common binding proteins for all the 4 ENMs. Both BALF and SP-A, but not SP-D, enhanced TNF-α production by MWCNT-7 treated PAMs; BALF, SP-A, and SP-D increased IL-1β production in TiO2 and SiO2 treated PAMs; and BALF, SP-A, and SP-D enhanced IL-6 production in C60 treated PAMs. Knockdown of CD14, a receptor for SP-A/D, significantly reduced phagocytosis of ENMs and SP-A-enhanced cytokine production by PAMs. These results indicate that SP-A/D can opsonize all the test ENMs and enhance phagocytosis of the ENMs by alveolar macrophages through CD14, suggesting that SP-A/D-CD14 is a common pathway mediating phagocytosis of ENMs. Cytokine production induced by ENMs, however, is dependent on the type of ENM that is phagocytosed. Our results demonstrate a dual role for surfactant proteins as opsonins for both microbes and for inhaled dusts and fibers, including ENMs, allowing macrophages to recognize and remove the vast majority of these particles, thereby, greatly lessening their toxicity in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ziyue Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingbo Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Linghan Qin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - David B Alexander
- Laboratory of Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Laboratory of Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dahai Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiegou Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Laboratory of Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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4
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Saleh DM, Alexander WT, Numano T, Ahmed OHM, Gunasekaran S, Alexander DB, Abdelgied M, El-Gazzar AM, Takase H, Xu J, Naiki-Ito A, Takahashi S, Hirose A, Ohnishi M, Kanno J, Tsuda H. Comparative carcinogenicity study of a thick, straight-type and a thin, tangled-type multi-walled carbon nanotube administered by intra-tracheal instillation in the rat. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:48. [PMID: 33054855 PMCID: PMC7559486 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-walled carbon nanotubes can be divided into two general subtypes: tangled and straight. MWCNT-N (60 nm in diameter) and MWCNT-7 (80–90 nm in diameter) are straight-type MWCNTs, and similarly to asbestos, both are carcinogenic to the lung and pleura when administered to rats via the airway. Injection of straight-type MWCNTs into the peritoneal cavity also induces the development of mesothelioma, however, injection of tangled-type MWCNTs into the peritoneal cavity does not induce carcinogenesis. To investigate these effects in the lung we conducted a 2-year comparative study of the potential carcinogenicities of a straight-type MWCNT, MWCNT-A (approximately 150 nm in diameter), and a tangled-type MWCNT, MWCNT-B (7.4 nm in diameter) after administration into the rat lung. Crocidolite asbestos was used as the reference material, and rats administered vehicle were used as the controls. Test materials were administered by intra-Tracheal Intra-Pulmonary Spraying (TIPS) once a week over a 7 week period (8 administrations from day 1 to day 50), followed by a 2-year observation period without further treatment. Rats were administered total doses of 0.5 or 1.0 mg MWCNT-A and MWCNT-B or 1.0 mg asbestos. Results There was no difference in survival between any of the groups. The rats administered MWCNT-A or asbestos did not have a significant increase in bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia or tumors in the lung. However, the rats administered MWCNT-B did have significantly elevated incidences of bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia and tumors in the lung: the incidence of bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasia was 0/20, 6/20, and 9/20 in the vehicle, 0.5 mg MWCNT-B, and 1.0 mg MWCNT-B groups, respectively, and the incidence of adenoma and adenocarcinoma combined was 1/19, 5/20, and 7/20 in the vehicle, 0.5 mg MWCNT-B, and 1.0 mg MWCNT-B groups, respectively. Malignant pleural mesothelioma was not induced in any of the groups. Conclusions The results of this initial study indicate that tangled-type MWCNT-B is carcinogenic to the rat lung when administered via the airway, and that straight-type MWCNT-A did not have higher carcinogenic potential in the rat lung than tangled-type MWCNT-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mourad Saleh
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - William T Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466-8603, Japan
| | - Takamasa Numano
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466-8603, Japan
| | - Omnia Hosny Mohamed Ahmed
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Sivagami Gunasekaran
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466-8603, Japan.
| | - Mohamed Abdelgied
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Gazzar
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466-8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiegou Xu
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466-8603, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan Bioassay Research Center, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan Bioassay Research Center, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466-8603, Japan.
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5
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Tanaka H, Gunasekaran S, Saleh DM, Alexander WT, Alexander DB, Ohara H, Tsuda H. Effects of oral bovine lactoferrin on a mouse model of inflammation associated colon cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 99:159-165. [PMID: 32905707 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with ulcerative colitis or colonic Crohn's disease have a significantly increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) reportedly inhibited the development of colon cancer in rats and mice, and in a placebo controlled trial, ingestion of bLF inhibited the growth of intestinal polyps. In addition, in a case study, a patient with Crohn's disease was reported to have remained in remission for over 7 years while ingesting 1 g of bLF daily. Thus, bLF has an inhibitory effect on colon carcinogenesis, and it may also promote remission of Crohn's disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bLF in a mouse model of colorectal cancer related to irritable bowel disease (IBD). The mice were divided into 4 groups: (i) no treatment; (ii) treated with bLF only; (iii) treated with azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium (AOM + DSS); and (iv) treated with AOM + DSS + bLF. AOM was used to initiate intestinal cancer, and DSS was used to induce IBD-like inflammation in the intestine of the C57BL/6 mice. At the end of the study, the mice treated with AOM + DSS + bLF had a better fecal score, fewer lesions in the colon, and less weight loss than the mice treated with AOM + DSS without bLF. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sivagami Gunasekaran
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dina Mourad Saleh
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hirotaka Ohara
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Wang Q, Wang Q, Zhao Z, Alexander DB, Zhao D, Xu J, Tsuda H. Pleural translocation and lesions by pulmonary exposed multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Toxicol Pathol 2020; 33:145-151. [PMID: 32764839 PMCID: PMC7396733 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are recently developed tubular nanomaterials, with diameters ranging from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers, and the length reaching up to several micrometers. They can be either single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Due to their nano-scaled structure, CNTs have a unique set of mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties that make them useful in information technologies, optoelectronics, energy technologies, material sciences, medical technologies, and other fields. However, with the wide application and increasing production of CNTs, their potential risks have led to concerns regarding their impact on environment and health. The shape of some types of CNTs is similar to asbestos fibers, which suggests that these CNTs may cause characteristic pleural diseases similar to those found in asbestos-exposed humans, such as pleural plaques and malignant mesothelioma. Experimental data indicate that CNTs can induce lung and pleural lesions, inflammation, pleural fibrosis, lung tumors, and malignant mesothelioma upon inhalation in the experimental animals. In this review, we focus on the potential of MWCNTs to induce diseases similar to those by asbestos, molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with these diseases, and we discuss a method for evaluating the pleural toxicity of MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, P.R. China
| | - Ziyue Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, P.R. China
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Dahai Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jiegou Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, P.R. China
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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Kishimoto T, Fujimoto N, Ebara T, Omori T, Oguri T, Niimi A, Yokoyama T, Kato M, Usami I, Nishio M, Yoshikawa K, Tokuyama T, Tamura M, Yokoyama Y, Tsuboi K, Matsuo Y, Xu J, Takahashi S, Abdelgied M, Alexander WT, Alexander DB, Tsuda H. Serum levels of the chemokine CCL2 are elevated in malignant pleural mesothelioma patients. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1204. [PMID: 31823764 PMCID: PMC6905076 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a debilitating disease of the pleural cavity. It is primarily associated with previous inhalation of asbestos fibers. These fibers initiate an oxidant coupled inflammatory response. Repeated exposure to asbestos fibers results in a prolonged inflammatory response and cycles of tissue damage and repair. The inflammation-associated cycles of tissue damage and repair are intimately involved in the development of asbestos-associated cancers. Macrophages are a key component of asbestos-associated inflammation and play essential roles in the etiology of a variety of cancers. Macrophages are also a source of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and a variety of tumor-types express CCL2. High levels of CCL2 are present in the pleural effusions of mesothelioma patients, however, CCL2 has not been examined in the serum of mesothelioma patients. METHODS The present study was carried out with 50 MPM patients and 356 subjects who were possibly exposed to asbestos but did not have disease symptoms and 41 healthy volunteers without a history of exposure to asbestos. The levels of CCL2 in the serum of the study participants was determined using ELISA. RESULTS Levels of CCL2 were significantly elevated in the serum of patients with advanced MPM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with the premise that the CCL2/CCR2 axis and myeloid-derived cells play an important role in MPM and disease progression. Therapies are being developed that target CCL2/CCR2 and tumor resident myeloid cells, and clinical trials are being pursued that use these therapies as part of the treatment regimen. The results of trials with patients with a similar serum CCL2 pattern as MPM patients will have important implications for the treatment of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kishimoto
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Research Center for Asbestos-related Diseases, Okayama Rosai Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Fujimoto
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Research Center for Asbestos-related Diseases, Okayama Rosai Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyonori Omori
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Management, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Oguri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Niimi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takako Yokoyama
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asahi Rosai Hospital, Owariasahi, Japan
| | - Munehiro Kato
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asahi Rosai Hospital, Owariasahi, Japan
| | - Ikuji Usami
- Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asahi Rosai Hospital, Owariasahi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nishio
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daido Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kosho Yoshikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daido Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Chuwa Hospital, Sakurai, Nara, Japan
| | - Mouka Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nara Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yokoyama
- Department of Medicine and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nagoya City Koseiin Medical Welfare Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jiegou Xu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Nanotoxicology Project Lab, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdelgied
- Nanotoxicology Project Lab, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - William T Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project Lab, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project Lab, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project Lab, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
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8
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Abdelgied M, El-Gazzar AM, Alexander WT, Numano T, Iigou M, Naiki-Ito A, Takase H, Hirose A, Taquahashi Y, Kanno J, Abdelhamid M, Abdou KA, Takahashi S, Alexander DB, Tsuda H. Carcinogenic effect of potassium octatitanate (POT) fibers in the lung and pleura of male Fischer 344 rats after intrapulmonary administration. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:34. [PMID: 31477126 PMCID: PMC6720102 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Potassium octatitanate fibers (K2O•8TiO2, POT fibers) are used as an asbestos substitute. Their physical characteristics suggest that respirable POT fibers are likely to be carcinogenic in the lung and pleura. However, previous 2-year inhalation studies reported that respired POT fibers had little or no carcinogenic potential. In the present study ten-week old male F344 rats were left untreated or were administered vehicle, 0.25 or 0.5 mg rutile-type nano TiO2 (r-nTiO2), 0.25 or 0.5 mg POT fibers, or 0.5 mg MWCNT-7 by intra-tracheal intra-pulmonary spraying (TIPS), and then observed for 2 years. Results There were no differences between the r-nTiO2 and control groups. The incidence of bronchiolo-alveolar cell hyperplasia was significantly increased in the groups treated with 0.50 mg POT and 0.50 mg MWCNT-7. The overall incidence of lung tumors, however, was not increased in either the POT or MWCNT-7 treated groups. Notably, the carcinomas that developed in the POT and MWCNT-7 treated rats were accompanied by proliferative fibrous connective tissue while the carcinomas that developed in the untreated rats and the r-nTiO2 treated rats were not (carcinomas did not develop in the vehicle control rats). In addition, the carcinoma that developed in the rat treated with 0.25 mg POT was a squamous cell carcinoma, a tumor that develops spontaneously in about 1 per 1700 rats. The incidence of mesothelial cell hyperplasia was 4/17, 7/16, and 10/14 and the incidence of malignant mesothelioma was 3/17, 1/16, and 2/14 in the 0.25 mg POT, 0.5 mg POT, and MWCNT-7 treated groups, respectively. Neither mesothelial cell hyperplasia nor mesothelioma developed in control rats or the rats treated with r-nTiO2. Since the incidence of spontaneously occurring malignant mesothelioma in rats is extremely low, approximately 1 per 1000 animals (Japan Bioassay Research Center [JBRC] historical control data), the development of multiple malignant mesotheliomas in the POT and MWCNT-7 treated groups was biologically significant. Conclusion The incidence of pleural mesotheliomas in male F344 rats administered POT fibers and MWCNT-7 was significantly higher than the JBRC historical control data, indicating that the incidence of pleural mesothelioma in the groups administered POT fibers and MWCNT-7 fibers via the airway using TIPS was biologically significant. The incidence of type II epithelial cell hyperplasia and the histology of the carcinomas that developed in the POT treated rats also indicates that respirable POT fibers are highly likely to be carcinogenic in the lungs of male F344 rats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-019-0316-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelgied
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466- 8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Gazzar
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466- 8603, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - William T Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466- 8603, Japan
| | - Takamasa Numano
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466- 8603, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iigou
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466- 8603, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan Bioassay Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mona Abdelhamid
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abbas Abdou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466- 8603, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 466- 8603, Japan.
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9
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Fukamachi K, Hagiwara Y, Futakuchi M, Alexander DB, Tsuda H, Suzui M. Evaluation of a biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreas cancer using an animal model. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:135-141. [PMID: 31404387 PMCID: PMC6682554 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been taken to identify new biomarkers of pancreatic ductal
carcinoma (PDC). Since animal models can be sampled under controlled conditions, better
standardization is possible compared with heterogeneous human studies. Transgenic rats
with conditional activation of oncogenic RAS in pancreatic tissue develop PDC that closely
resembles the biological and histopathological features of human PDC. Using this model, we
evaluated the usefulness of leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG-1) as a serum marker. In
this study, we found that LRG-1 was overexpressed in rat PDC compared with normal pancreas
tissue of the control rats. Serum levels of LRG-1 were also significantly higher in rats
bearing PDC than in controls. Importantly, chronic pancreatitis in male Wistar Bonn/Kobori
rats, which is a widely accepted as a model of chronic pancreatitis, did not cause serum
levels of LRG-1 to become elevated. These results strongly support serum LRG-1 as a
candidate biomarker for noninvasive diagnosis of PDC. Our models of pancreas cancer
provide a useful strategy for evaluation of candidate markers applicable to human
cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hagiwara
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories, 1091-1 Naka, Fujioka-shi, Gunma 375-0005, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masumi Suzui
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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10
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Numano T, Higuchi H, Alexander DB, Alexander WT, Abdelgied M, El-Gazzar AM, Saleh D, Takase H, Hirose A, Naiki-Ito A, Suzuki S, Takahashi S, Tsuda H. MWCNT-7 administered to the lung by intratracheal instillation induces development of pleural mesothelioma in F344 rats. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2485-2492. [PMID: 31265162 PMCID: PMC6676138 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐7 (MWCNT‐7) fibers are biopersistent and have a structure similar to asbestos. MWCNT‐7 has been shown to induce malignant mesothelioma when administered by intrascrotal or intraperitoneal injection in rats and mice, and an inhalation study demonstrated that rats exposed to respirable MWCNT‐7 developed lung tumors. MWCNT‐N, which is similar to MWCNT‐7, was shown to induce both lung tumors and malignant mesothelioma in rats when administered by trans‐tracheal intrapulmonary spraying (TIPS). The present study was performed to investigate the carcinogenicity of MWCNT‐7 when administered by the TIPS method. Ten‐week‐old male F344/Crj rats were divided into 3 groups and administered 0.5 mL vehicle, 0.250 μg/mL MWCNT‐7 or 0.250 μg/mL crocidolite once a week for 12 weeks (total doses of 1.5 mg/rat) and then observed for up to 104 weeks. Rats in the MWCNT‐7 group began to die from pathologies associated with the development of malignant mesothelioma 35 weeks after the final TIPS administration. Overall, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma in the MWCNT‐7 group was significantly higher than in the vehicle or crocidolite groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Numano
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitomi Higuchi
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Mohamed Abdelgied
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Gazzar
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dina Saleh
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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11
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El-Gazzar AM, Abdelgied M, Alexander DB, Alexander WT, Numano T, Iigo M, Naiki A, Takahashi S, Takase H, Hirose A, Kannno J, Elokle OS, Nazem AM, Tsuda H. Comparative pulmonary toxicity of a DWCNT and MWCNT-7 in rats. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:49-59. [PMID: 30341734 PMCID: PMC6343020 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Very little is known about the in vivo toxicity of inhaled double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). In the present study, we compared the pulmonary toxicity of DWCNT to MWCNT-7, a well-known multi-walled carbon nanotube. Rats were divided into six groups: untreated, vehicle, low-dose DWCNT, high-dose DWCNT, low-dose MWCNT-7, and high-dose MWCNT-7. The test materials were administered by intra-tracheal intra-pulmonary spraying (TIPS) every other day for 15 days: the low-dose and high-dose groups were administered final total doses of 0.25 and 0.50 mg/rat of the test material. The animals were sacrificed 1 and 6 weeks after the final TIPS administration. Six weeks after the final TIPS administration, rats administered MWCNT-7 had high levels of macrophage infiltration into the lung with dense alveolar wall fibrous thickening throughout the lung; significant elevation of lactate dehydrogenase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and total protein concentration in the bronchioalveolar lavage fluid; an increase in the pulmonary cell PCNA index; slightly elevated levels of 8-OHdG DNA adducts in lung tissue DNA; a small but significant increase in protein concentration in the pleural cavity lavage fluid and an increase in the visceral mesothelial cell PCNA index. None of these parameters was increased in rats administered DWCNT. The primary lesion in rats administered DWCNT was scattered formation of granulation tissue containing internalized DWCNT fibers. Our data indicate that DWCNT has lower pulmonary and pleural toxicity than MWCNT-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Gazzar
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelgied
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | | | | | - Takamasa Numano
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iigo
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Kannno
- Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osama Saeid Elokle
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Mohamed Nazem
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
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12
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Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein RECK has been implicated in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), NOTCH-signaling and WNT7-signaling. It remains unclear, however, how broad the spectrum of RECK targets extends. To find novel RECK binding partners, we took the unbiased approach of yeast two-hybrid screening. This approach detected ADAMTS10 as a RECK-interactor. ADAMTS10 has been characterized as a metalloproteinase involved in fibrillin-rich microfibril biogenesis, and its mutations have been implicated in the connective tissue disorder Weill-Marchesani syndrome. Experiments in vitro using recombinant proteins expressed in mammalian cells indicated that RECK indeed binds ADAMTS10 directly, that RECK protects ADAMTS10 from fragmentation following chemical activation and that ADAMTS10 interferes with the activity of RECK to inhibit MT1-MMP. In cultured cells, RECK increases the amount of ADAMTS10 associated with the cells. Hence, the present study has uncovered novel interactions between two molecules of known clinical importance, RECK and ADAMTS10.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kitayama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Omura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Emi Nishimoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - David B Alexander
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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13
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Liao D, Wang Q, He J, Alexander DB, Abdelgied M, El-Gazzar AM, Futakuchi M, Suzui M, Kanno J, Hirose A, Xu J, Tsuda H. Persistent Pleural Lesions and Inflammation by Pulmonary Exposure of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1025-1031. [PMID: 30212183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from the lung to the pleural cavity, deposition of the fibers in the pleural tissue, induction of pleural fibrosis, and mesothelial proliferation have been found in rodents administered MWCNTs by different pulmonary exposure methods. However, whether the translocation and deposition and the subsequent pleural inflammation are associated with the pleural lesions is unclear. In the present study, male F344 rats were given 250 μg of two types of MWCNTs, with crocidolite as a positive control, 2 times/week for 4 weeks by intratracheal spraying. At 24 h and at 3 months after the last spraying, the rats were sacrificed for histological examination of the lung and chest wall; pleural cavity lavage was also collected at sacrifice for observation of pleural inflammatory reactions. The results indicated that intratracheally sprayed MWCNTs, like crocidolite fibers, translocated into the pleural cavity, deposited in the pleura, and induced persistent infiltration of immune cells into the pleural cavity, persistent pleural fibrosis, and mesothelial proliferation. The number of MWCNT fibers detected in the pleural cavity lavage was parallel to the number of infiltrating immune cells, which were mainly composed of macrophages. Analysis of cytokines in the fluids of the pleural cavity lavages by suspension array indicated that levels of IL-2, IL-18, and IP-10 were significantly increased both at 24 h and at 3 months after the last spraying. In vitro proliferation assays revealed that a mixture of IL-2, IL-18, and IP-10, but not any of these cytokines alone, promoted cell proliferation of human fibroblasts and mesothelial cells. These results suggest that translocated and deposited MWCNTs induce subsequent pleural inflammation and that increased IL-2, IL-18, and IP-10 synergistically promote the development of pleural fibrosis and mesothelial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Liao
- Department of Immunology , Anhui Medical University College of Basic Medical Sciences , Meishan Road 81 , Hefei 230032 , China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of Immunology , Anhui Medical University College of Basic Medical Sciences , Meishan Road 81 , Hefei 230032 , China
| | - Jiali He
- Department of Immunology , Anhui Medical University College of Basic Medical Sciences , Meishan Road 81 , Hefei 230032 , China
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Project , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabedohri , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdelgied
- Nanotoxicology Project , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabedohri , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan
| | - Ahmed M El-Gazzar
- Nanotoxicology Project , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabedohri , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiegou Xu
- Department of Immunology , Anhui Medical University College of Basic Medical Sciences , Meishan Road 81 , Hefei 230032 , China.,Nanotoxicology Project , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabedohri , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabedohri , Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan
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14
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Abdelgied M, El-Gazzar AM, Alexander DB, Alexander WT, Numano T, Iigou M, Naiki-Ito A, Takase H, Abdou KA, Hirose A, Taquahashi Y, Kanno J, Tsuda H, Takahashi S. Potassium octatitanate fibers induce persistent lung and pleural injury and are possibly carcinogenic in male Fischer 344 rats. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2164-2177. [PMID: 29774637 PMCID: PMC6029824 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium octatitanate fibers (K2O·8TiO2, POT fibers) are widely used as an alternative to asbestos. We investigated the pulmonary and pleural toxicity of POT fibers with reference to 2 non‐fibrous titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2), photoreactive anatase (a‐nTiO2) and inert rutile (r‐nTiO2). Ten‐week‐old male F344 rats were given 0.5 mL of 250 μg/mL suspensions of POT fibers, a‐nTiO2, or r‐nTiO2, 8 times (1 mg/rat) over a 15‐day period by trans‐tracheal intrapulmonary spraying (TIPS). Rats were killed at 6 hours and at 4 weeks after the last TIPS dose. Alveolar macrophages were significantly increased in all treatment groups at 6 hours and at 4 weeks. At week 4, a‐nTiO2 and r‐nTiO2 were largely cleared from the lung whereas a major fraction of POT fibers were not cleared. In the bronchoalveolar lavage, alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated in all treatment groups, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was elevated in the a‐nTiO2 and POT groups. In lung tissue, oxidative stress index and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index were elevated in the a‐nTiO2 and POT groups, and there was a significant elevation in C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA and protein in the POT group. In pleural cavity lavage, total protein was elevated in all 3 treatment groups, and LDH activity was elevated in the a‐nTiO2 and POT groups. Importantly, the PCNA index of the visceral mesothelium was increased in the POT group. Overall, POT fibers had greater biopersistence, induced higher expression of CCL2, and provoked a stronger tissue response than a‐nTiO2 or r‐nTiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelgied
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Gazzar
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Takamasa Numano
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iigou
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Takase
- Core Laboratory, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Khaled Abbas Abdou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan Bioassay Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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15
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans J Vogel
- b Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- c Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Alexander DB, Iigo M, Abdelgied M, Ozeki K, Tanida S, Joh T, Takahashi S, Tsuda H. Bovine lactoferrin and Crohn's disease: a case study. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 95:133-141. [PMID: 28165294 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 22-year-old male suffering from abdominal pain, repeated diarrhea, and weight loss visited the Digestive Disease Department of Nagoya City University Hospital on 19 December 2011. He was hospitalized and diagnosed with Crohn's colitis. His Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was 415. Treatment by granulocyte apheresis, mesalazine, and adalimumab was started. His CDAI was 314 on 30 December and 215 on 5 January. A colonoscopic examination on 19 January showed almost complete remission in the transverse colon and marked remission in the rectum. Mesalazine therapy was stopped on 28 February, and the patient was instructed to self-inject 40 mg of adalimumab every other week. His CDAI was 50 on 10 April, indicating clinical remission. His last self-injection of adalimumab was on 24 April 2012, and he started taking 1 g of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) daily. His CDAI was 35 on 8 January 2013. He continued taking 1 g of bLF daily without any other treatment for Crohn's disease. Laboratory blood tests on 7 September 2015 showed no sign of disease recurrence, and a colonoscopic examination on 23 October 2015 showed almost complete mucosal healing. This case indicates that ingestion of bLF to maintain Crohn's disease in a remissive state should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaaki Iigo
- a Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdelgied
- a Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,b Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,c Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Keiji Ozeki
- d Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanida
- d Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Joh
- d Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- b Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- a Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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17
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Suzui M, Futakuchi M, Fukamachi K, Numano T, Abdelgied M, Takahashi S, Ohnishi M, Omori T, Tsuruoka S, Hirose A, Kanno J, Sakamoto Y, Alexander DB, Alexander WT, Jiegou X, Tsuda H. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes intratracheally instilled into the rat lung induce development of pleural malignant mesothelioma and lung tumors. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:924-35. [PMID: 27098557 PMCID: PMC4946724 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have a fibrous structure and physical properties similar to asbestos and have been shown to induce malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum after injection into the scrotum or peritoneal cavity in rats and mice. For human cancer risk assessment, however, data after administration of MWCNT via the airway, the exposure route that is most relevant to humans, is required. The present study was undertaken to investigate the carcinogenicity of MWCNT‐N (NIKKISO) after administration to the rat lung. MWCNT‐N was fractionated by passing it through a sieve with a pore size of 25 μm. The average lengths of the MWCNT were 4.2 μm before filtration and 2.6 μm in the flow‐through fraction; the length of the retained MWCNT could not be determined. For the present study, 10‐week‐old F344/Crj male rats were divided into five groups: no treatment, vehicle control, MWCNT‐N before filtration, MWCNT‐N flow‐through and MWCNT‐N retained groups. Administration was by the trans‐tracheal intrapulmonary spraying (TIPS) method. Rats were administered a total of 1 mg/rat during the initial 2 weeks of the experiment and then observed up to 109 weeks. The incidences of malignant mesothelioma and lung tumors (bronchiolo‐alveolar adenomas and carcinomas) were 6/38 and 14/38, respectively, in the three groups administered MWCNT and 0/28 and 0/28, respectively, in the control groups. All malignant mesotheliomas were localized in the pericardial pleural cavity. The sieve fractions did not have a significant effect on tumor incidence. In conclusion, administration of MWCNT to the lung in the rat induces malignant mesothelioma and lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Suzui
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takamasa Numano
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdelgied
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan Bioassay Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toyonori Omori
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Tsuruoka
- Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano City, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Akihiko Hirose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Xu Jiegou
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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18
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Xu J, Alexander DB, Iigo M, Hamano H, Takahashi S, Yokoyama T, Kato M, Usami I, Tokuyama T, Tsutsumi M, Tamura M, Oguri T, Niimi A, Hayashi Y, Yokoyama Y, Tonegawa K, Fukamachi K, Futakuchi M, Sakai Y, Suzui M, Kamijima M, Hisanaga N, Omori T, Nakae D, Hirose A, Kanno J, Tsuda H. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 detection in the serum of persons exposed to asbestos: A patient-based study. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:825-32. [PMID: 25940505 PMCID: PMC4520633 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to asbestos results in serious risk of developing lung and mesothelial diseases. Currently, there are no biomarkers that can be used to diagnose asbestos exposure. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the levels or detection rate of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) in the serum are elevated in persons exposed to asbestos. The primary study group consisted of 76 healthy subjects not exposed to asbestos and 172 healthy subjects possibly exposed to asbestos. The secondary study group consisted of 535 subjects possibly exposed to asbestos and diagnosed with pleural plaque (412), benign hydrothorax (10), asbestosis (86), lung cancer (17), and malignant mesothelioma (10). All study subjects who were possibly exposed to asbestos had a certificate of asbestos exposure issued by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. For the primary study group, levels of serum CCL3 did not differ between the two groups. However, the detection rate of CCL3 in the serum of healthy subjects possibly exposed to asbestos (30.2%) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than for the control group (6.6%). The pleural plaque, benign hydrothorax, asbestosis, and lung cancer groups had serum CCL3 levels and detection rates similar to that of healthy subjects possibly exposed to asbestos. The CCL3 chemokine was detected in the serum of 9 of the 10 patients diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma. Three of the patients with malignant mesothelioma had exceptionally high CCL3 levels. Malignant mesothelioma cells from four biopsy cases and an autopsy case were positive for CCL3, possibly identifying the source of the CCL3 in the three malignant mesothelioma patients with exceptionally high serum CCL3 levels. In conclusion, a significantly higher percentage of healthy persons possibly exposed to asbestos had detectable levels of serum CCL3 compared to healthy unexposed control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiegou Xu
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Masaaki Iigo
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hamano
- Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takako Yokoyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asahi Rosai Hospital, Owariasahi, Japan
| | - Munehiro Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asahi Rosai Hospital, Owariasahi, Japan
| | - Ikuji Usami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asahi Rosai Hospital, Owariasahi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Chuwa Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | | | - Mouka Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Nara, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Oguri
- Diivision of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Niimi
- Diivision of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatology, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, Nagoya-Shi Koseiin Medical Welfare Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yokoyama
- Department of Medicine, Nagoya-Shi Koseiin Medical Welfare Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Tonegawa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nagoya-Shi Koseiin Medical Welfare Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuto Sakai
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masumi Suzui
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naomi Hisanaga
- Center for Campus Health and Environment, Aichi University of Education, Kariya, Japan
| | - Toyonori Omori
- Department of Health Care Policy and Management, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Nakae
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, Biological Safety Research Center, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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19
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Abstract
This correspondence concerns a recent publication in
Cancer Cell by Liu et al.
1 who analyzed a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that they designated “
NKILA”. Liu et al. found that
NKILA (1)
is upregulated by immunostimulants, (2) has a promoter with an NF-ĸB binding motif, (3) can bind to the p65 protein of the NF-ĸB transcription factor and then interfere with phosphorylation of IĸBα, and (4) negatively affects functions that involve NF-ĸB pathways. And, importantly, they found that (5) low
NKILA expression in breast cancers is associated with poor patient prognosis. However, they entirely failed to mention
PMEPA1, a gene which runs antisense to
NKILA, and the expression of which is associated with several tumors and which encodes a protein that participates in immune pathways. The
PMEPA1 locus, including its promoter region, which Liu et al.
1 only discuss in regard to
NKILA, is highly conserved through evolution. Our impression is that
NKILA emerged only later in evolution, possibly as an additional means of
PMEPA1 regulation. Liu et al., however, only consider direct binding between
NKILA and NF-ĸB as the mechanism for their
in vivo observations of
NKILA function, but do not provide solid evidence for their model. If
in vivo observations by Liu et al. could be explained by
NKILA regulation of
PMEPA1, it would contribute to the establishment of
PMEPA1 as an important topic of cancer research. We feel that the herein presented discussion is necessary for a correct interpretation of the Liu et al. article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M Dijkstra
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Dengaku-gakubo, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - David B Alexander
- Laboratory of Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Tanabedohri, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
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20
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Ohba T, Xu J, Alexander DB, Yamada A, Kanno J, Hirose A, Tsuda H, Imaizumi Y. MWCNT causes extensive damage to the ciliated epithelium of the trachea of rodents. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:499-505. [PMID: 24849684 DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The ciliated tracheobronchial epithelium plays an important role in the excretion of inhaled dust. While many reports indicate that inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) induce inflammation and proliferative changes in the lung and pleura, their effects on the upper airway have not been reported. Two different types of MWCNTs, MWCNT-L (8 µm in length and 150 nm in diameter) and MWCNT-S (3 µm in length and 15 nm in diameter), were examined for their effect on the trachea as well as the bronchus and lung. In vitro, the movement of the cilia of primary tracheal epithelial cells was impaired by treatment with the 2 MWCNTs. Rats were treated with 0.3 ml of a 250 µg/ml suspension of MWCNTs on days 1, 4, and 7, and sacrificed on day 8. Extensive loss of ciliated cells and replacement by flat cells without cilia was observed in the trachea. Deposition of MWCNTs and occasional squamous cell metaplasia were found in the regenerative granulation tissue. The proportion of the lesion to the transverse section of the trachea was vehicle, 0; MWCNT-L, 27.2 ± 10.5; MWCNT-S, 32.1 ± 15.8 (both MWCNTs, p < 0.001 vs vehicle). The amount of cilia showed significant decrease in the MWCNT-L treated rats (p < 0.05). In contrast to the trachea lesions, the number of inflammatory foci in the lung was greater in the MWCNT-S than in the MWCNT-L treated rats. Our results indicate that both MWCNTs caused extensive damage to the ciliated epithelium of the trachea. This damage may prolong the deposition of inhaled MWNCT in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruya Ohba
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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21
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Fukamachi K, Iigo M, Hagiwara Y, Shibata K, Futakuchi M, Alexander DB, Hino O, Suzui M, Tsuda H. Rat N-ERC/mesothelin as a marker for in vivo screening of drugs against pancreas cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111481. [PMID: 25347530 PMCID: PMC4210215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly lethal disease, which is usually diagnosed in an advanced stage. We have established transgenic rats carrying a mutated K-ras gene controlled by Cre/loxP activation. The animals develop PDA which is histopathologically similar to that in humans. Previously, we reported that serum levels of N-ERC/mesothelin were significantly higher in rats bearing PDA than in controls. In the present study, to determine whether serum levels of N-ERC/mesothelin correlated with tumor size, we measured N-ERC/mesothelin levels in rats bearing PDA. Increased serum levels of N-ERC/mesothelin correlated with increased tumor size. This result indicates an interrelationship between the serum level of N-ERC/mesothelin and tumor size. We next investigated the effect of chemotherapy on serum N-ERC/mesothelin levels. Rat pancreatic cancer cells were implanted subcutaneously into the flank of NOD-SCID mice. In the mice treated with 200 mg/kg gemcitabine, tumor weight and the serum level of N-ERC/mesothelin were significantly decreased compared to controls. These results suggest that serum N-ERC/mesothelin measurements might be useful for monitoring response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masaaki Iigo
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Koji Shibata
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Okio Hino
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Suzui
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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22
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Alexander DB, Iigo M, Hamano H, Kozu T, Saito Y, Saito D, Kakizoe T, Xu J, Yamauchi K, Takase M, Suzui M, Tsuda H. An ancillary study of participants in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial suggests that ingestion of bovine lactoferrin promotes expression of interferon alpha in the human colon. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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23
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Xu J, Alexander DB, Futakuchi M, Numano T, Fukamachi K, Suzui M, Omori T, Kanno J, Hirose A, Tsuda H. Size- and shape-dependent pleural translocation, deposition, fibrogenesis, and mesothelial proliferation by multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:763-9. [PMID: 24815191 PMCID: PMC4317921 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have a fibrous structure similar to asbestos, raising concern that MWCNT exposure may lead to asbestos-like diseases. Previously we showed that MWCNT translocated from the lung alveoli into the pleural cavity and caused mesothelial proliferation and fibrosis in the visceral pleura. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were not found in the parietal pleura, the initial site of development of asbestos-caused pleural diseases in humans, probably due to the short exposure period of the study. In the present study, we extended the exposure period to 24 weeks to determine whether the size and shape of MWCNT impact on deposition and lesion development in the pleura and lung. Two different MWCNTs were chosen for this study: a larger sized needle-like MWCNT (MWCNT-L; l = 8 μm, d = 150 nm), and a smaller sized MWCNT (MWCNT-S; l = 3 μm, d = 15 nm), which forms cotton candy-like aggregates. Both MWCNT-L and MWCNT-S suspensions were administered to the rat lung once every 2 weeks for 24 weeks by transtracheal intrapulmonary spraying. It was found that MWCNT-L, but not MWCNT-S, translocated into the pleural cavity, deposited in the parietal pleura, and induced fibrosis and patchy parietal mesothelial proliferation lesions. In addition, MWCNT-L induced stronger inflammatory reactions including increased inflammatory cell number and cytokine/chemokine levels in the pleural cavity lavage than MWCNT-S. In contrast, MWCNT-S induced stronger inflammation and higher 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level in the lung tissue than MWCNT-L. These results suggest that MWCNT-L has higher risk of causing asbestos-like pleural lesions relevant to mesothelioma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiegou Xu
- Laboratory of Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hefei, China
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24
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Iigo M, Alexander DB, Xu J, Futakuchi M, Suzui M, Kozu T, Akasu T, Saito D, Kakizoe T, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Takase M, Sekine K, Tsuda H. Inhibition of intestinal polyp growth by oral ingestion of bovine lactoferrin and immune cells in the large intestine. Biometals 2014; 27:1017-29. [PMID: 24867408 PMCID: PMC4155176 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies using animal models have demonstrated that ingestion of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) inhibits carcinogenesis in the colon and other organs of experimental animals. As a result of these studies, a blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan to determine whether ingestion of bLF had an effect on the growth of colorectal polyps in humans. Patients with colorectal polyps ≤5 mm diameter and likely to be adenomas ingested 0, 1.5, or 3.0 g bLF daily for 1 year. Ingestion of 3.0 g bLF suppressed the growth of colorectal polyps and increased the level of serum human lactoferrin in trial participants 63 years old or younger. The purpose of the present study was to investigate correlations between immune parameters and changes in polyp size. Trial participants with regressing polyps had increased NK cell activity, increased serum hLF levels (indicating increased neutrophil activity), and increased numbers of CD4+ cells in the polyps. These findings are consistent with a correlation between higher immune activity and suppression of colorectal polyps. In addition, participants with regressing polyps had lower numbers of PMNs and increased numbers of S100A8+ cells in the polyps, consistent with a correlation between lower inflammatory potential in the colon and suppression of colorectal polyps. Trial participants ingesting bLF had increased serum hLF levels, a possible increase in systemic NK cell activity, and increased numbers of CD4+ and CD161+ cells in the polyps. Taken together, our findings suggest that bLF suppressed colorectal polyps by enhancing immune responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Iigo
- Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Numano T, Xu J, Futakuchi M, Fukamachi K, Alexander DB, Furukawa F, Kanno J, Hirose A, Tsuda H, Suzui M. Comparative Study of Toxic Effects of Anatase and Rutile Type Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Particles in vivo and in vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:929-35. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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26
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Fukamachi K, Tanaka H, Sakai Y, Alexander DB, Futakuchi M, Tsuda H, Suzui M. A novel reporter rat strain that expresses LacZ upon Cre-mediated recombination. Genesis 2013; 51:268-74. [PMID: 23349063 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The recent widespread application of Cre/loxP technology has resulted in a new generation of conditional animal models that can better recapitulate many salient features of human disease. These models benefit from the ability to monitor the expression and functionality of Cre protein. We have generated a conditional (Cre/loxP dependent) LacZ reporter rat (termed the LacZ541 rat) to monitor Cre in transgenic rats. When LacZ541 rats were bred with another transgenic rat line expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the CAG promoter, LacZ/Cre double transgenic embryos displayed ubiquitous expression of LacZ, and when LacZ541 rats were bred with transgenic rats expressing Cre/loxP-dependent oncogenic H- or K-ras, LacZ was expressed in the lesions resulting from the activation of the oncogene. The LacZ541 rat enables evaluation of the performance of Cre-expressing systems which are based upon transgenic rats or somatic gene transfer vectors and provides efficient and simple lineage marking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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27
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Yabushita S, Fukamachi K, Tanaka H, Fukuda T, Sumida K, Deguchi Y, Mikata K, Nishioka K, Kawamura S, Uwagawa S, Suzui M, Alexander DB, Tsuda H. Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling of human K-ras oncogene transgenic rats with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1251-9. [PMID: 23393225 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most debilitating malignancies in humans, and one of the reasons for this is the inability to diagnose this disease early in its development. To search for biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis of PDAC, we established a rat model of human PDAC in which expression of a human K-ras(G12V) oncogene and induction of PDAC are regulated by the Cre/lox system. In the present study, transgenic rats bearing PDAC and control transgenic rats with normal pancreatic tissues were used for metabolomic analysis of serum and pancreatic tissue by non-targeted and targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and transcriptomic analysis of pancreatic tissue by microarray. Comparison of the metabolic profiles of the serum and pancreatic tissue of PDAC-bearing and control rats identified palmitoleic acid as a metabolite, which was significantly decreased in the serum of PDAC-bearing animals. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that several transcripts involved in anaerobic glycolysis and nucleotide degradation were increased and transcripts involved in the trichloroacetic acid cycle were decreased. Other transcripts that were changed in PDAC-bearing rats were adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase (decreased: fatty acid biosynthesis), fatty acid synthase (increased: fatty acid biosynthesis) and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (increased: arachidonic acid metabolism). Overall, our results suggest that the decreased serum levels of palmitoleic acid in rats with PDAC was likely due to its decrease in pancreatic tissue and that palmitoleic acid should be investigated in human samples to assess its diagnostic significance as a serum biomarker for human PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Yabushita
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Osaka 554-8558, Japan.
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Xu J, Futakuchi M, Shimizu H, Alexander DB, Yanagihara K, Fukamachi K, Suzui M, Kanno J, Hirose A, Ogata A, Sakamoto Y, Nakae D, Omori T, Tsuda H. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce visceral mesothelial proliferation in rats. An enlarged picture around the ligand is shown. Scanning electron microscope observation demonstrates the existence of the multi-walled carbon nanotube fibers in the cell pel. Cancer Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/cas.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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29
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Xu J, Futakuchi M, Shimizu H, Alexander DB, Yanagihara K, Fukamachi K, Suzui M, Kanno J, Hirose A, Ogata A, Sakamoto Y, Nakae D, Omori T, Tsuda H. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes translocate into the pleural cavity and induce visceral mesothelial proliferation in rats. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:2045-50. [PMID: 22938569 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes have a fibrous structure similar to asbestos and induce mesothelioma when injected into the peritoneal cavity. In the present study, we investigated whether carbon nanotubes administered into the lung through the trachea induce mesothelial lesions. Male F344 rats were treated with 0.5 mL of 500 μg/mL suspensions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes or crocidolite five times over a 9-day period by intrapulmonary spraying. Pleural cavity lavage fluid, lung and chest wall were then collected. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and crocidolite were found mainly in alveolar macrophages and mediastinal lymph nodes. Importantly, the fibers were also found in the cell pellets of the pleural cavity lavage, mostly in macrophages. Both multi-walled carbon nanotube and crocidolite treatment induced hyperplastic proliferative lesions of the visceral mesothelium, with their proliferating cell nuclear antigen indices approximately 10-fold that of the vehicle control. The hyperplastic lesions were associated with inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammation-induced fibrotic lesions of the pleural tissues. The fibers were not found in the mesothelial proliferative lesions themselves. In the pleural cavity, abundant inflammatory cell infiltration, mainly composed of macrophages, was observed. Conditioned cell culture media of macrophages treated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and crocidolite and the supernatants of pleural cavity lavage fluid from the dosed rats increased mesothelial cell proliferation in vitro, suggesting that mesothelial proliferative lesions were induced by inflammatory events in the lung and pleural cavity and likely mediated by macrophages. In conclusion, intrapulmonary administration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, like asbestos, induced mesothelial proliferation potentially associated with mesothelioma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiegou Xu
- Laboratory of Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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30
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Alexander DB, Iigo M, Yamauchi K, Suzui M, Tsuda H. Lactoferrin: an alternative view of its role in human biological fluids. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:279-306. [PMID: 22553915 DOI: 10.1139/o2012-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a major component of biologically important mucosal fluids and of the specific granules of neutrophils. Understanding its biological function is essential for understanding neutrophil- and mucosal-mediated immunity. In this review, we reevaluate the in vivo functions of human lactoferrin (hLF) emphasizing in vivo studies and in vitro studies performed in biologically relevant fluids. We discuss the evidence in the literature that supports (or does not support) proposed roles for hLF in mucosal immunity and in neutrophil function. We argue that the current literature supports a microbiostatic role, but not a microbicidal role, for hLF in vivo. The literature also supports a role for hLF in inhibiting colonization and infection of epithelial surfaces by microorganisms and in protecting tissues from neutrophil-mediated damage. Using this information, we briefly discuss hLF in the context of the complex biological fluids in which it is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Alexander
- Laboratory of Nanotoxicology Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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Yamamoto M, Matsuzaki T, Takahashi R, Adachi E, Maeda Y, Yamaguchi S, Kitayama H, Echizenya M, Morioka Y, Alexander DB, Yagi T, Itohara S, Nakamura T, Akiyama H, Noda M. The transformation suppressor gene Reck is required for postaxial patterning in mouse forelimbs. Biol Open 2012; 1:458-66. [PMID: 23213437 PMCID: PMC3507216 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2012638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-anchored metalloproteinase-regulator RECK has been characterized as a tumor suppressor. Here we report that mice with reduced Reck-expression show limb abnormalities including right-dominant, forelimb-specific defects in postaxial skeletal elements. The forelimb buds of low-Reck mutants have an altered dorsal ectoderm with reduced Wnt7a and Igf2 expression, and hypotrophy in two signaling centers (i.e., ZPA and AER) that are essential for limb outgrowth and patterning. Reck is abundantly expressed in the anterior mesenchyme in normal limb buds; mesenchyme-specific Reck inactivation recapitulates the low-Reck phenotype; and some teratogens downregulate Reck in mesenchymal cells. Our findings illustrate a role for Reck in the mesenchymal-epithelial interactions essential for mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology ; Global COE Program
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32
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Xu J, Sagawa Y, Futakuchi M, Fukamachi K, Alexander DB, Furukawa F, Ikarashi Y, Uchino T, Nishimura T, Morita A, Suzui M, Tsuda H. Lack of promoting effect of titanium dioxide particles on ultraviolet B-initiated skin carcinogenesis in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1298-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Tsuda H, Kozu T, Iinuma G, Ohashi Y, Saito Y, Saito D, Akasu T, Alexander DB, Futakuchi M, Fukamachi K, Xu J, Kakizoe T, Iigo M. Cancer prevention by bovine lactoferrin: from animal studies to human trial. Biometals 2010; 23:399-409. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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34
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Xu J, Futakuchi M, Iigo M, Fukamachi K, Alexander DB, Shimizu H, Sakai Y, Tamano S, Furukawa F, Uchino T, Tokunaga H, Nishimura T, Hirose A, Kanno J, Tsuda H. Involvement of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP1α) in promotion of rat lung and mammary carcinogenic activity of nanoscale titanium dioxide particles administered by intra-pulmonary spraying. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:927-35. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Kozu T, Iinuma G, Ohashi Y, Saito Y, Akasu T, Saito D, Alexander DB, Iigo M, Kakizoe T, Tsuda H. Effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin on the growth of adenomatous colorectal polyps in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 2:975-83. [PMID: 19861543 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF), a secreted, iron binding glycoprotein originally discovered as a component of milk, is found in a variety of exocrine secretions and in the secondary granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Animal experiments have shown that oral administration of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) exerts anticarcinogenesis effects in the colon and other organs of the rat. The aim of this study was to determine whether oral bLF could inhibit the growth of adenomatous colorectal polyps in human patients. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted in 104 participants, ages 40 to 75 years, with polyps <or=5 mm in diameter and likely to be adenomas. Participants were assigned to receive placebo, 1.5-g bLF, or 3.0-g bLF daily for 12 months. Target adenomatous polyps were monitored by colonoscopy. Ingestion of 3.0-g bLF significantly retarded adenomatous polyp growth in participants 63 years old or younger. Removal of adenomatous colorectal polyps is done as a preventative measure against colorectal cancer; however, polyps can be overlooked, and when detected, polypectomy is not always 100% effective in eradicating a polyp. Our study suggests that daily intake of 3.0 g of bLF could be a clinically beneficial adjunct to colorectal polyp extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kozu
- Cancer Screening Division, National Cancer Center, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Tanaka H, Fukamachi K, Futakuchi M, Alexander DB, Long N, Tamamushi S, Minami K, Seino S, Ohara H, Joh T, Tsuda H. Mature acinar cells are refractory to carcinoma development by targeted activation of Ras oncogene in adult rats. Cancer Sci 2009; 101:341-6. [PMID: 19917056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most debilitating malignancies in humans. A thorough understanding of the cytogenesis of this disease will aid in establishing successful treatments. We have developed an animal model which uses adult Hras(G12V) and Kras(G12V) transgenic rats in which oncogene expression is regulated by the Cre/loxP system and neoplastic lesions are induced by injection of adenovirus-expressing Cre recombinase. When adenovirus with Cre recombinase under the control of the CMV enhancer/chicken beta-actin (CAG) promoter (Ad-CAG-Cre) is injected into the pancreatic duct of these animals, pancreatic neoplasias develop. Pathologically, the origin of these lesions is duct, intercalated duct, and centroacinar cells, but not acinar cells. The present study was undertaken to test the effect of acinar cell-specific oncogenic ras expression. Adult transgenic rats were injected with adenovirus with Cre recombinase under the control of the acinar cell-specific promoters amylase (Ad-Amy-Cre) and elastase-1 (Ad-Ela-Cre) or under the control of the non-specific CAG promoter. Injection of either Ad-Amy-Cre or Ad-Ela-Cre into the pancreatic ducts of transgenic animals in which oncogenic Kras is tagged with hemagglutinin (HA), HA-Kras(G12V) rats resulted in expression of oncogenic ras in acinar cells but not in duct, intercalated duct, or centroacinar cells. Notably, injected animals did not develop any observable proliferative or neoplastic lesions. In marked contrast, injection of Ad-CAG-Cre resulted in pancreatic cancer development within 4 weeks. These results indicate that adult acinar cells are refractory to Ras oncogene activation and do not develop neoplasia in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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37
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Long N, Hardiville S, Pierce A, Fukamachi K, Futakuchi M, Alexander DB, Shirai T, Tsuda H. Construction of a multi-functional helper-dependent adenovirus based system for cancer gene therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009; 10:939-960. [PMID: 20104994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus holds great promise as a gene delivery system; it can hold large amounts of exogenous DNA and can be chemically and genetically modified to improve targeting to specific cells and tissues. A recombinant adenovirus construct expressing p53 is currently in clinical use as a cancer therapy in China. However, the use of adenovirus constructs in therapy is limited due to patients' strong immune response against these viruses and their gene products. To overcome this problem helper-dependent adenoviruses which do not express any viral gene products have been developed. Because the helper-dependent viruses do not express any viral gene products, a helper virus is required for their replication and encapsidation into infectious particles. This manuscript describes the construction of a prototype helper-dependent adenovirus system built such that it can be easily modified. The helper-dependent virus described here is built of a series of four cassettes, each with its own function. Furthermore, each individual cassette can be removed and replaced with a cassette with a different function. In this way, different helper-dependent viruses can be readily created. This type of system could be very useful in cancer therapy: For example, libraries of different cassettes could be maintained, allowing rapid assembly of constructs able to provide therapy for individual tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ne Long
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
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38
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Ueda S, Fukamachi K, Matsuoka Y, Takasuka N, Takeshita F, Naito A, Iigo M, Alexander DB, Moore MA, Saito I, Ochiya T, Tsuda H. Ductal origin of pancreatic adenocarcinomas induced by conditional activation of a human Ha-ras oncogene in rat pancreas. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27:2497-510. [PMID: 16774944 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgl090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most debilitating malignancies in humans. Currently, radiation and chemotherapy are ineffective, with median survival times after treatment of <12 months. Animal models that reflect the human condition and can be used to explore screening and therapeutic approaches are clearly desirable. One feature of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an exceedingly high frequency of K-ras mutation. The present study was conducted to determine if targeted activation of a human oncogenic-ras transgene in rat pancreas would induce carcinomas correspondent to human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. We established transgenic (Hras250) rats in which expression of a human Ha-rasG12V oncogene is regulated by the Cre/lox system. Targeted pancreatic activation of the transgene was accomplished by injection of Cre-carrying adenovirus into the pancreatic ducts and acini through the common bile duct. Adenoviral infection of injected animals was exclusive to the pancreas; infected cells could be identified in duct, intercalated duct, centroacinar and, less frequently, acinar cells, but not in endocrine islet cells. Four weeks after injection, proliferative lesions in the duct epithelium, intercalated ducts and centroacinar cells, but not acinar cells, were widespread. Tumorigenesis in other tissues was not observed. Most lesions, including atypical duct proliferative lesions, PanIN-like lesions and carcinomas, were positive for cytokeratins 19 and 7, cyclooxygenase 2 and MMP-7 but negative for amylase and chymotrypsin. Many adenocarcinoma lesions were positive for EGF and EGFR. Duct epithelial and atypical duct proliferative lesions and carcinoma lesions were all positive for transduced Ha-rasG12V oncogene expression. The cytogenesis of pancreatic ductal type carcinoma was depicted. This model exhibits important similarities to the human disease and promises to advance our understanding of the behavior of pancreas adenocarcinomas and expedite screening and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Ueda
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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39
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Goldberg GS, Kunimoto T, Alexander DB, Suenaga K, Ishidate F, Miyamoto K, Ushijima T, Teng CT, Yokota J, Ohta T, Tsuda H. Full Length and Delta Lactoferrin Display Differential Cell Localization Dynamics, but do not Act as Tumor Markers or Significantly Affect the Expression of Other Genes. Med Chem 2005; 1:57-64. [PMID: 16789886 DOI: 10.2174/1573406053402532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a secreted protein related to transferrin. Lactoferrin indirectly protects host cells against foreign insults by killing bacteria, scavenging free iron, and binding to receptors required for viral invasion. However, lactoferrin is also proposed to act directly on cells as a transcription factor and tumor suppressor gene. In addition to full length lactoferrin, a truncated form, called delta lactoferrin, can also be produced by alternative splicing. We show here that transformed and nontransformed cells are equally able to express both full length and delta lactoferrin. Moreover, both forms of lactoferrin failed to substantially modulate the expression of other genes. Thus, lactoferrin does not seem to directly control gene expression or inhibit tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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40
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Oh J, Takahashi R, Adachi E, Kondo S, Kuratomi S, Noma A, Alexander DB, Motoda H, Okada A, Seiki M, Itoh T, Itohara S, Takahashi C, Noda M. Mutations in two matrix metalloproteinase genes, MMP-2 and MT1-MMP, are synthetic lethal in mice. Oncogene 2004; 23:5041-8. [PMID: 15064723 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family (approximately 25 members in mammals) has been implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling associated with embryonic development, cancer formation and progression, and various other physiological and pathological events. Inactivating mutations in individual matrix metalloproteinase genes in mice described so far, however, are nonlethal at least up to the first few weeks after birth, suggesting functional redundancy among MMP family members. Here, we report that mice lacking two MMPs, MMP-2 (nonmembrane type) and MT1-MMP (membrane type), die immediately after birth with respiratory failure, abnormal blood vessels, and immature muscle fibers reminiscent of central core disease. In the absence of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP, myoblast fusion in vitro is also significantly retarded. These findings suggest functional overlap in mice between the two MMPs with distinct molecular natures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseo Oh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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41
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Alexander DB, Ichikawa H, Bechberger JF, Valiunas V, Ohki M, Naus CCG, Kunimoto T, Tsuda H, Miller WT, Goldberg GS. Normal cells control the growth of neighboring transformed cells independent of gap junctional communication and SRC activity. Cancer Res 2004; 64:1347-58. [PMID: 14973064 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growth of many types of cancer cells can be controlled by surrounding normal cells. However, mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been defined. We used a layered culture system to investigate how nontransformed cells suppress the growth of neighboring transformed cells. Direct physical contact between transformed and nontransformed cells was required for growth suppression of transformed cells in this system; communication by diffusible factors was not sufficient. However, significant gap junctional communication was not required, indicating that other intercellular junctions mediated this growth regulatory response. We also report that the Src kinase activity in transformed cells was not directly inhibited by contact with nontransformed cells. Instead, nontransformed cells increased the expression of serum deprivation-response protein and the transcription factor four and a half LIM domain 1 in tumor cells. In addition, these results suggest mechanisms by which normal cells may block Wnt signaling, inhibit insulin-like growth factor activity, and promote host recognition of neighboring tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Complex, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
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42
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Iigo M, Shimamura M, Matsuda E, Fujita KI, Nomoto H, Satoh J, Kojima S, Alexander DB, Moore MA, Tsuda H. Orally administered bovine lactoferrin induces caspase-1 and interleukin-18 in the mouse intestinal mucosa: a possible explanation for inhibition of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Cytokine 2004; 25:36-44. [PMID: 14687584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that oral administration of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) markedly inhibits lung metastatic colony formation, and that this inhibition was possibly due to the activation of T and NK cells. Furthermore, we found that interleukin-18 (IL-18) is induced in epithelial cells of the small intestine by bLF. The present study was undertaken to confirm cytokine production in response to bLF and to assess the underlying mechanisms. Markedly elevated IL-18 levels were found in the small intestine 1-3 h after a single administration of bLF, its pepsin hydrolysate (bLFH), or bTF. Importantly, while IL-18 was significantly increased after a regimen of seven daily administrations of bLF or bLFH, administration of bTF over the course of seven days had little or no effect. In addition to IL-18, a significant increase in caspase-1 activity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was found in the small intestine after administration of bLF. Similarly, in peritoneal macrophages, bLF markedly enhanced caspase-1 activity and IL-18 levels. Finally, a caspase-1 inhibitor significantly decreased bLF mediated induction of IL-18 in vitro. (bTF had no effect on either caspase-1 or IFN-gamma or on IL-18 in vitro.) These results demonstrate the possibility that elevation of caspase-1 activity by bLF and its hydrolysate may be important for production of mature IL-18 in vivo, and thus in potentiating the killing activity of T and NK cells against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Iigo
- Experimental Pathology and Chemotherapy Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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Goldberg GS, Alexander DB, Pellicena P, Zhang ZY, Tsudal H, Miller WT. Src phosphorylates Cas on tyrosine 253 to promote migration of transformed cells. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:46533-40. [PMID: 12972425 PMCID: PMC2441571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307526200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cas is a member of the focal adhesion complex. Phosphorylation of Cas by Src is an important event leading to cell transformation. Using mass spectrometry, we have mapped 11 sites in Cas that are phosphorylated by Src. These sites are all located between residues 132 and 414 of Cas, in a region that is required for binding to a number of other proteins including Crk. We tested synthetic peptides modeled on Cas phosphorylation sites, and found that the sequence containing tyrosine 253 was phosphorylated by Src most efficiently. Using cells derived from Cas-deficient mice, we confirmed that Cas greatly enhanced the ability of Src to transform cells. Phosphorylation of Cas on tyrosine 253 was not required for Src to increase growth rate, suppress contact inhibition, or suppress anchorage dependence. Yet, in contrast to these growth characteristics, phosphorylation of Cas on tyrosine 253 was required for Src to promote cell migration. Thus, a single phosphorylation site on this focal adhesion adaptor protein can effectively separate cell migration from other transformed growth characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S. Goldberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661
- To whom correspondence may be addressed: Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Basic Science Tower T6, Health Science Complex, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661. Tel.: 631-444-3533; Fax: 631-444-3432; E-mail: or
| | - David B. Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661
| | - Patricia Pellicena
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Albert Einstein University, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Hiroyuki Tsudal
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Chemotherapy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - W. Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661
- To whom correspondence may be addressed: Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Basic Science Tower T6, Health Science Complex, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661. Tel.: 631-444-3533; Fax: 631-444-3432; E-mail: or
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Abstract
Gap junctions are unique intercellular channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. They are the only channels that mediate the direct cytoplasmic exchange of small hydrophilic molecules between cells--a process called gap junctional communication. Formed by a family of integral membrane proteins called connexins, gap junctions are dynamic multifunctional complexes that are essential for healthy vertebrate development and physiology. Defects in connexin proteins, and, therefore, in gap junctional communication, are associated with a large variety of pathologies in humans and experimental animals. Thus, knowledge of the molecules that pass through gap junction channels is extremely important. However, aside from some notable cases, the repertoire of biologically important transjunctional molecules remains relatively unexplored. Indeed, the study of the intercellular transfer of endogenous molecules presents formidable challenges. Here we review developments in identifying biologically relevant molecules that pass between cells through gap junction channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Alexander
- Dept. of Physiology and Biophsyics, School of Medicine, Basic Science Tower L6, Health Science Complex, State University of New York at Stoneybrook, NY 11796-8661, USA
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Oh J, Takahashi R, Kondo S, Mizoguchi A, Adachi E, Sasahara RM, Nishimura S, Imamura Y, Kitayama H, Alexander DB, Ide C, Horan TP, Arakawa T, Yoshida H, Nishikawa S, Itoh Y, Seiki M, Itohara S, Takahashi C, Noda M. The membrane-anchored MMP inhibitor RECK is a key regulator of extracellular matrix integrity and angiogenesis. Cell 2001; 107:789-800. [PMID: 11747814 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential for proper extracellular matrix remodeling. We previously found that a membrane-anchored glycoprotein, RECK, negatively regulates MMP-9 and inhibits tumor invasion and metastasis. Here we show that RECK regulates two other MMPs, MMP-2 and MT1-MMP, known to be involved in cancer progression, that mice lacking a functional RECK gene die around E10.5 with defects in collagen fibrils, the basal lamina, and vascular development, and that this phenotype is partially suppressed by MMP-2 null mutation. Also, vascular sprouting is dramatically suppressed in tumors derived from RECK-expressing fibrosarcoma cells grown in nude mice. These results support a role for RECK in the regulation of MMP-2 in vivo and implicate RECK downregulation in tumor angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Down-Regulation
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/physiology
- GPI-Linked Proteins
- Gene Targeting
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 14
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Metalloendopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Metalloendopeptidases/genetics
- Metalloendopeptidases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
A retroviral vector carrying both positive (neo) and negative (herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase or HSV-tk) selection markers was constructed as a substrate for mutational assay in mammalian cells. Using a population of rat fibroblast cells carrying a single copy per cell of retroviral DNA randomly integrated in their chromosomes, we examined the cytotoxic and mutagenic activities of ultraviolet light (UV) at four wavelengths (254, 290, 300, and 320 nm). The action spectra for these activities are similar to some of the previously reported spectra for photochemical DNA modifications, erythema, cell killing, and mouse skin carcinogenesis, except at 290 and 320 nm. At 290 nm, no significant mutagenicity was observed. At 320 nm, both cytotoxic and mutagenic activities were 10 times higher than the values expected from the absorption spectrum for DNA and the action spectrum for bacterial inactivation and mutagenesis. Structural comparison of some of the HSV-tk mutants obtained after irradiation with 300 and 320 nm UV revealed partially different patterns of mutation specificity, suggesting the involvement of multiple molecular mechanisms in the genotoxicity associated with this range of UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Buse P, Woo PL, Alexander DB, Reza A, Firestone GL. Glucocorticoid-induced functional polarity of growth factor responsiveness regulates tight junction dynamics in transformed mammary epithelial tumor cells. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:28223-7. [PMID: 7499317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.47.28223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, induces the "normal-like" differentiated property of tight junction formation and suppresses growth of the Con8 mammary epithelial tumor cell line, derived from a 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Characterization of the transepithelial electrical resistance of Con8 mammary tumor cells cultured on permeable supports revealed that a novel response to dexamethasone is the generation of a polarized cell monolayer with respect to epidermal growth factor receptor responsiveness. Administration of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) to the basolateral, but not the apical, plasma membrane compartment disrupted the glucocorticoid-stimulated tight junction barrier. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that dexamethasone caused the ZO-1 tight junction-associated protein to localize exclusively to the apical border of laterally adjacent membranes of the cell periphery, whereas basolateral administration of TGF-alpha caused the redistribution of ZO-1 back to disorganized aggregates along the cell periphery. In contrast, TGF-alpha was able to exert its mitogenic effects equally on both sides of the cell monolayer independent of its polarized disruption of tight junction formation. Our results represent the first evidence for a functional polarization of the epidermal growth factor receptor and strongly implicate the glucocorticoid-regulated formation of tight junctions in policing the polarized responsiveness of mammary cells to growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Buse
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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Buse P, Woo PL, Alexander DB, Cha HH, Reza A, Sirota ND, Firestone GL. Transforming growth factor-alpha abrogates glucocorticoid-stimulated tight junction formation and growth suppression in rat mammary epithelial tumor cells. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:6505-14. [PMID: 7896785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.12.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) regulation of growth and cell-cell contact was investigated in the Con8 mammary epithelial tumor cell line derived from a 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma. In Con8 cell monolayers cultured on permeable filter supports, the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, coordinately suppressed [3H]thymidine incorporation, stimulated monolayer transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and decreased the paracellular leakage of [3H]inulin or [14C]mannitol across the monolayer. These processes dose dependently correlated with glucocorticoid receptor occupancy and function. Constitutive production of TGF-alpha in transfected cells or exogenous treatment with TGF-alpha prevented the glucocorticoid growth suppression response and disrupted tight junction formation without affecting glucocorticoid responsiveness. Treatment with hydroxyurea or araC demonstrated that de novo DNA synthesis is not a requirement for the growth factor disruption of tight junctions. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the ZO-1 tight junction protein is localized exclusively at the cell periphery in dexamethasone-treated cells and that TGF-alpha caused-ZO-1 to relocalize from the cell periphery back to a cytoplasmic compartment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that glucocorticoids can coordinately regulate growth inhibition and cell-cell contact of mammary tumor cells and that TGF-alpha, can override both effects of glucocorticoids. These results have uncovered a novel functional "cross-talk" between glucocorticoids and TGF-alpha which potentially regulates the proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Buse
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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Abstract
5-Methylthioribose (MTR) kinase catalyses a key step in the recycling of methionine from 5'-methylthioadenosine, a co-product of polyamine biosynthesis, in Klebsiella pneumoniae. In defined medium lacking methionine, K. pneumoniae exhibits abundant MTR kinase activity. When the bacterium is transferred to a medium containing 10 mM-methionine, the specific activity of MTR kinase decreases in a fashion consistent with repression of new enzyme synthesis and dilution of existing enzyme by cell division. The specific activity of methionine synthase decreases to a similar degree under the same conditions. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, the gene for methionine synthase is co-ordinately controlled as part of the methionine regulon. Taken together, our results indicate that a methionine regulon may function in K. pneumoniae and that expression of MTR kinase may be under its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Tower
- Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97201
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Alexander DB, Goya L, Webster MK, Haraguchi T, Firestone GL. Glucocorticoids coordinately disrupt a transforming growth factor alpha autocrine loop and suppress the growth of 13762NF-derived Con8 rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Res 1993; 53:1808-15. [PMID: 8467499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone suppresses the growth of Con8 rat mammary tumor cells, which are derived from the 13762NF transplantable, hormone-responsive rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Dexamethasone inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation into Con8 cells at high cell density under both serum and serum-free conditions. Fractionation in nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of proteins secreted from dexamethasone-treated and untreated Con8 mammary tumor cells revealed two size classes of glucocorticoid inhibited mitogenic activities; a larger M(r) 27,000-33,000 and a smaller M(r) 5,000-12,000 activity. Both size classes of mitogens restimulated the growth of glucocorticoid-suppressed Con8 cells suggesting that they can act in an autocrine fashion. The smaller mitogen was identified as transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) since this activity competed with 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) for EGF receptor binding and was selectively immunodepleted with monoclonal TGF-alpha antibodies but not with EGF antibodies. Western blots and radioreceptor assay of Con8-secreted proteins revealed that glucocorticoids inhibited the production of a M(r) 5500 immunoreactive TGF-alpha protein by 10-fold. Consistent with a steroid effect on the level of TGF-alpha production, rather than on its activity, the specific mitogenic activities of the TGF-alpha s secreted by dexamethasone-treated and untreated Con8 cells were identical to that of recombinant human TGF-alpha. Treatment of intact cells with suramin, which dissociates ligand-receptor complexes, revealed that the EGF receptor-mediated mitogenic response is functional in both glucocorticoid-treated and untreated cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that glucocorticoids suppress Con8 mammary tumor cell growth and disrupt a potential TGF-alpha autocrine loop which results in a dramatic reduction in the level of extracellular TGF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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