1
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Tang X, Wuest M, Benesch MGK, Dufour J, Zhao Y, Curtis JM, Monjardet A, Heckmann B, Murray D, Wuest F, Brindley DN. Inhibition of Autotaxin with GLPG1690 Increases the Efficacy of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:63-74. [PMID: 31548293 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autotaxin catalyzes the formation of lysophosphatidic acid, which stimulates tumor growth and metastasis and decreases the effectiveness of cancer therapies. In breast cancer, autotaxin is secreted mainly by breast adipocytes, especially when stimulated by inflammatory cytokines produced by tumors. In this work, we studied the effects of an ATX inhibitor, GLPG1690, which is in phase III clinical trials for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, on responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer. Tumors were treated with fractionated external beam irradiation, which was optimized to decrease tumor weight by approximately 80%. Mice were also dosed twice daily with GLPG1690 or vehicle beginning at 1 day before the radiation until 4 days after radiation was completed. GLPG1690 combined with irradiation did not decrease tumor growth further compared with radiation alone. However, GLPG1690 decreased the uptake of 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]-fluorothymidine by tumors and the percentage of Ki67-positive cells. This was also associated with increased cleaved caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 levels in these tumors. GLPG1690 decreased irradiation-induced C-C motif chemokine ligand-11 in tumors and levels of IL9, IL12p40, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IFNγ in adipose tissue adjacent to the tumor. In other experiments, mice were treated with doxorubicin every 2 days after the tumors developed. GLPG1690 acted synergistically with doxorubicin to decrease tumor growth and the percentage of Ki67-positive cells. GLPG1690 also increased 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts in these tumors. These results indicate that inhibiting ATX provides a promising adjuvant to improve the outcomes of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Oncologic Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew G K Benesch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Discipline of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Jennifer Dufour
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - YuanYuan Zhao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - David Murray
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Oncologic Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Xu M, Yin H, Cai Y, Huang W, Ji Q, Liu F, Shi S, Deng X. Lysophosphatidic acid induces integrin β6 expression in human oral squamous cell carcinomas cells via LPAR1 coupling to Gα i and downstream SMAD3 and ETS-1 activation. Cell Signal 2019; 60:81-90. [PMID: 30998970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrin β6 (ITGB6), an epithelial-specific integrin, is upregulated in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and is associated with progression and metastasis of OSCC. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an important bioactive phospholipid present in saliva, has also been related to OSCC cell migration and invasiveness. LPA exerts its biological effects through signal transduction pathways that ultimately regulate gene expression. However, it is unclear whether LPA signaling is involved in ITGB6 upregulation in OSCC. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the role of LPA in the regulation of ITGB6 expression in OSCC cells, and to delineate the molecular signaling pathways involved. Using SAS and HSC-3 OSCC cell lines, we found that LPA increases ITGB6 mRNA expression without affecting mRNA stability, suggesting that LPA acts by regulating ITGB6 gene transcription. In addition, we show that LPA stimulation increases phosphorylation and binding of the transcription factors SMAD3 and ETS-1 to the ITGB6 promoter resulting in ITGB6 active transcription. Finally, we demonstrate that LPA-induced ITGB6 expression is mediated via the LPA receptors 1 (LPAR1) coupling to Gαi. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying ITGB6 overexpression in OSCC and may have important implications for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian University for Stomatological Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yihuang Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian University for Stomatological Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxia Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian University for Stomatological Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian University for Stomatological Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Songlin Shi
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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3
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Inhibition of TNF-α-induced neuronal apoptosis by antidepressants acting through the lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA1. Apoptosis 2019; 24:478-498. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Li N, Yan YL, Fu S, Li RJ, Zhao PF, Xu XY, Yang JP, Damirin A. Lysophosphatidic acid enhances human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell viability without differentiation via LPA receptor mediating manner. Apoptosis 2018; 22:1296-1309. [PMID: 28766061 PMCID: PMC5630659 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are potential stromal cells which are regarded as the most feasible stem cell group in cell therapy. The maintenance of cell survival without differentiation is important in cell transplantation and stem cell therapy. However, negative factors exist in cell transplantation. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a non-antigenic small molecule phospholipid which induced several fundamental cellular responses, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. In this study we aimed to explore the effects of LPA on the survival and differentiation of MSCs and its availability in cell therapy. We found that LPA stimulated hUC-MSC proliferation and protected hUC-MSCs from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced apoptosis. We also observed that CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105 were expressed, whereas CD34 and CD45 were not expressed in hUC-MSCs, and these makers have no change in LPA containing medium, which indicated that LPA accelerated the survival of hUC-MSCs in an undifferentiating status. We also demonstrated that higher expressed LPAR1 involved in LPA stimulated cell survival action. LPA stimulated cell proliferation was associated with LPAR1 mediated Gi/o-proteins/ERK1/2 pathway. On the other hand, LPA protected hUC-MSCs from LPS-induced apoptosis through suppressing caspase-3 activation by LPAR1 coupled with a G protein, but not Gi/o or Gq/11 in hUC-MSC. Collectively, this study demonstrated that LPA increased the proliferation and survival of hUC-MSCs without differentiation through LPAR1 mediated manner. Our findings provide that LPA as a anti-apoptotic agent having potential application prospect in cell transplantation and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narengerile Li
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ya-Li Yan
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Sachaofu Fu
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rui-Juan Li
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhao
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xi-Yuan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Alatangaole Damirin
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
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5
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Olianas MC, Dedoni S, Onali P. LPA 1 is a key mediator of intracellular signalling and neuroprotection triggered by tetracyclic antidepressants in hippocampal neurons. J Neurochem 2017; 143:183-197. [PMID: 28815598 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and antidepressants have been shown to affect neuronal survival and differentiation, but whether LPA signalling participates in the action of antidepressants is still unknown. In this study, we examined the role of LPA receptors in the regulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activity and neuronal survival by the tetracyclic antidepressants, mianserin and mirtazapine in hippocampal neurons. In HT22 immortalized hippocampal cells, antidepressants and LPA induced a time- and concentration-dependent stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This response was inhibited by either LPA1 and LPA1/3 selective antagonists or siRNA-induced LPA1 down-regulation, and enhanced by LPA1 over-expression. Conversely, the selective LPA2 antagonist H2L5186303 had no effect. Antidepressants induced cyclic AMP response element binding protein phosphorylation and this response was prevented by LPA1 blockade. ERK1/2 stimulation involved pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, Src tyrosine kinases and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF-R) activity. Tyrosine phosphorylation of FGF-R was enhanced by antidepressants through LPA1 . Serum withdrawal induced apoptotic death, as indicated by increased annexin V staining, caspase activation and cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase. Antidepressants inhibited the apoptotic cascade and this protective effect was curtailed by blockade of either LPA1 , ERK1/2 or FGF-R activity. Moreover, in primary mouse hippocampal neurons, mianserin acting through LPA1 increased phospho-ERK1/2 and protected from apoptosis induced by removal of growth supplement. These data indicate that in neurons endogenously expressed LPA1 receptors mediate intracellular signalling and neuroprotection by tetracyclic antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Olianas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Dedoni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Onali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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6
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Kim HJ, Shin EJ, Lee BH, Choi SH, Jung SW, Cho IH, Hwang SH, Kim JY, Han JS, Chung C, Jang CG, Rhim H, Kim HC, Nah SY. Oral Administration of Gintonin Attenuates Cholinergic Impairments by Scopolamine, Amyloid-β Protein, and Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Cells 2015; 38:796-805. [PMID: 26255830 PMCID: PMC4588723 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gintonin is a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. Oral administration of gintonin ameliorates learning and memory dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models. The brain cholinergic system plays a key role in cognitive functions. The brains of AD patients show a reduction in acetylcholine concentration caused by cholinergic system impairments. However, little is known about the role of LPA in the cholinergic system. In this study, we used gintonin to investigate the effect of LPA receptor activation on the cholinergic system in vitro and in vivo using wild-type and AD animal models. Gintonin induced [Ca(2+)]i transient in cultured mouse hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients were linked to stimulation of acetylcholine release through LPA receptor activation. Oral administration of gintonin-enriched fraction (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, 3 weeks) significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Oral administration of gintonin (25 or 50 mg/kg, 2 weeks) also significantly attenuated amyloid-β protein (Aβ)-induced cholinergic dysfunctions, such as decreased acetylcholine concentration, decreased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and immunoreactivity, and increased acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. In a transgenic AD mouse model, long-term oral administration of gintonin (25 or 50 mg/kg, 3 months) also attenuated AD-related cholinergic impairments. In this study, we showed that activation of G protein-coupled LPA receptors by gintonin is coupled to the regulation of cholinergic functions. Furthermore, this study showed that gintonin could be a novel agent for the restoration of cholinergic system damages due to Aβ and could be utilized for AD prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Seok-Won Jung
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, and Institute of Oriental Medicine, College of Oriental Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701,
Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702,
Korea
| | - Joon Yong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 139-791,
Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
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7
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Binder BYK, Williams PA, Silva EA, Leach JK. Lysophosphatidic Acid and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: A Concise Review of Biological Function and Applications for Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:531-42. [PMID: 26035484 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presentation and controlled release of bioactive signals to direct cellular growth and differentiation represents a widely used strategy in tissue engineering. Historically, work in this field has primarily focused on the delivery of large cytokines and growth factors, which can be costly to manufacture and difficult to deliver in a sustained manner. There has been a marked increase over the past decade in the pursuit of lipid mediators due to their wide range of effects over multiple cell types, low cost, and ease of scale-up. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are two bioactive lysophospholipids (LPLs) that have gained attention for use as pharmacological agents in tissue engineering applications. While these lipids can have similar effects on cellular response, they possess distinct chemical backbones, mechanisms of synthesis and degradation, and signaling pathways using a discrete set of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). LPA and S1P predominantly act extracellularly on their GPCRs and can directly regulate cell survival, differentiation, cytokine secretion, proliferation, and migration--each of the important functions that must be considered in regenerative medicine. In addition to these potent physiological functions, these LPLs play pivotal roles in a number of pathophysiological processes. To capitalize on the promise of these molecules in tissue engineering, these lipids have been incorporated into biomaterials for in vivo delivery. Here, we survey the effects of LPA and S1P on both cellular- and tissue-level phenotypes, with an eye toward regulating stem/progenitor cell growth and differentiation. In particular, we examine work that has translational applications for cell-based tissue engineering strategies in promoting cell survival, bone and cartilage engineering, and therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Y K Binder
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Priscilla A Williams
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eduardo A Silva
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - J Kent Leach
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
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8
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Choi SH, Hong MK, Kim HJ, Ryoo N, Rhim H, Nah SY, Kang LW. Structure of ginseng major latex-like protein 151 and its proposed lysophosphatidic acid-binding mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1039-50. [DOI: 10.1107/s139900471500259x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid growth factor with myriad effects on biological systems. LPA is usually present bound to animal plasma proteins such as albumin or gelsolin. When LPA complexes with plasma proteins, it binds to its cognate receptors with higher affinity than when it is free. Recently, gintonin from ginseng was found to bind to LPA and to activate mammalian LPA receptors. Gintonin contains two components: ginseng major latex-like protein 151 (GLP) and ginseng ribonuclease-like storage protein. Here, the crystal structure of GLP is reported, which belongs to the plant Bet v 1 superfamily, and a model is proposed for how GLP binds LPA. Amino-acid residues of GLP recognizing LPA were identified using site-directed mutagenesis and isothermal titration calorimetry. The resulting GLP mutants were used to study the activation of LPA receptor-dependent signalling pathways. In contrast to wild-type GLP, the H147A mutant did not bind LPA, elicit intracellular Ca2+transients in neuronal cells or activate Ca2+-dependent Cl−channels inXenopusoocytes. Based on these results, a mechanism by which GLP recognizes LPA and its requirement to activate G protein-coupled LPA receptors to elicit diverse biological responses were proposed.
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9
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Barbayianni E, Kaffe E, Aidinis V, Kokotos G. Autotaxin, a secreted lysophospholipase D, as a promising therapeutic target in chronic inflammation and cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 58:76-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Kim NH, Kim S, Hong JS, Jeon SH, Huh SO. Application of in utero electroporation of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) genes, for subcellular localization of hardly identifiable GPCR in mouse cerebral cortex. Mol Cells 2014; 37:554-61. [PMID: 25078448 PMCID: PMC4132308 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid growth factor that exerts diverse biological effects through its cognate receptors (LPA1-LPA6). LPA1, which is predominantly expressed in the brain, plays a pivotal role in brain development. However, the role of LPA1 in neuronal migration has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we delivered LPA1 to mouse cerebral cortex using in utero electroporation. We demonstrated that neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex was not affected by the overexpression of LPA1. Moreover, these results can be applied to the identification of the localization of LPA1. The subcellular localization of LPA1 was endogenously present in the perinuclear area, and overexpressed LPA1 was located in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, LPA1 in developing mouse cerebral cortex was mainly expressed in the ventricular zone and the cortical plate. In summary, the overexpression of LPA1 did not affect neuronal migration, and the protein expression of LPA1 was mainly located in the ventricular zone and cortical plate within the developing mouse cerebral cortex. These studies have provided information on the role of LPA1 in brain development and on the technical advantages of in utero electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
- Present address: Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Seunghyuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Hong
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jeon
- Department of Life Science and Center for Aging and Health Care, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Sung-Oh Huh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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11
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Binder BYK, Genetos DC, Leach JK. Lysophosphatidic acid protects human mesenchymal stromal cells from differentiation-dependent vulnerability to apoptosis. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1156-64. [PMID: 24131310 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of transplanted cells and their resulting efficacy in cell-based therapies is markedly impaired due to serum deprivation and hypoxia (SD/H) resulting from poor vascularization within tissue defects. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a platelet-derived growth factor with pleiotropic effects on many cell types. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) exhibit unique secretory and stimulatory characteristics depending on their differentiation state. In light of the potential of MSC in cell-based therapies, we examined the ability of LPA to abrogate SD/H-induced apoptosis in human MSC at increasing stages of osteogenic differentiation in vitro and assessed MSC survival in vivo. Undifferentiated MSC were rescued from SD/H-induced apoptosis by treatment with both 25 and 100 μM LPA. However, MSC conditioned with osteogenic supplements responded to 25 μM LPA, and cells conditioned with dexamethasone-containing osteogenic media required 100 μM LPA. This rescue was mediated through LPA1 in all cases. The addition of 25 μM LPA enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by MSC in all conditions, but VEGF availability was not responsible for protection against apoptosis. We also showed that codelivery of 25 μM LPA with MSC in alginate hydrogels significantly improved the persistence of undifferentiated MSC in vivo over 4 weeks as measured by bioluminescence imaging. Osteogenic differentiation alone was protective of SD/H-induced apoptosis in vitro, and the synergistic delivery of LPA did not enhance persistence of osteogenically induced MSC in vivo. These data demonstrate that the capacity of LPA to inhibit SD/H-induced apoptosis in MSC is dependent on both the differentiation state and dosage. This information will be valuable for optimizing osteogenic conditioning regimens for MSC before in vivo implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Y K Binder
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
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12
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SUN YUANJIE, KIM NAMHO, JI LITING, KIM SEUNGHYUK, LEE JONGHO, RHEE HAEJIN. Lysophosphatidic acid activates β-catenin/T cell factor signaling, which contributes to the suppression of apoptosis in H19-7 cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1729-33. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Frisca F, Crombie DE, Dottori M, Goldshmit Y, Pébay A. Rho/ROCK pathway is essential to the expansion, differentiation, and morphological rearrangements of human neural stem/progenitor cells induced by lysophosphatidic acid. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1192-206. [PMID: 23463731 PMCID: PMC3622317 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m032284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) inhibits the neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC). We extended these studies by analyzing LPA's effects on the expansion of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PC) derived from hESCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), and we assessed whether data obtained on the neural differentiation of hESCs were relevant to iPSCs. We showed that hESCs and iPSCs exhibited comparable mRNA expression profiles of LPA receptors and producing enzymes upon neural differentiation. We demonstrated that LPA inhibited the expansion of NS/PCs of both origins, mainly by increased apoptosis in a Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, LPA inhibited the neuronal differentiation of iPSCs. Lastly, LPA induced neurite retraction of NS/PC-derived early neurons through Rho/ROCK, which was accompanied by myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Our data demonstrate the consistency of LPA effects across various sources of human NS/PCs, rendering hESCs and iPSCs valuable models for studying lysophospholipid signaling in human neural cells. Our data also highlight the importance of the Rho/ROCK pathway in human NS/PCs. As LPA levels are increased in the central nervous system (CNS) following injury, LPA-mediated effects on NS/PCs and early neurons could contribute to the poor neurogenesis observed in the CNS following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frisca Frisca
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Duncan E. Crombie
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research, Australia & Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia; and
| | - Yona Goldshmit
- Centre for Eye Research, Australia & Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research, Australia & Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
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14
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Brindley DN, Lin FT, Tigyi GJ. Role of the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate axis in cancer resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1831:74-85. [PMID: 22954454 PMCID: PMC3584168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
High expression of autotaxin in cancers is often associated with increased tumor progression, angiogenesis and metastasis. This is explained mainly since autotaxin produces the lipid growth factor, lysophosphatidate (LPA), which stimulates cell division, survival and migration. It has recently become evident that these signaling effects of LPA also produce resistance to chemotherapy and radiation-induced cell death. This results especially from the stimulation of LPA(2) receptors, which depletes the cell of Siva-1, a pro-apoptotic signaling protein and stimulates prosurvival kinase pathways through a mechanism mediated via TRIP-6. LPA signaling also increases the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate, a pro-survival lipid. At the same time, LPA decreases the accumulation of ceramides, which are used in radiation therapy and by many chemotherapeutic agents to stimulate apoptosis. The signaling actions of extracellular LPA are terminated by its dephosphorylation by a family of lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP) that act as ecto-enzymes. In addition, lipid phosphate phoshatase-1 attenuates signaling downstream of the activation of both LPA receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. This makes many cancer cells hypersensitive to the action of various growth factors since they often express low LPP1/3 activity. Increasing our understanding of the complicated signaling pathways that are used by LPA to stimulate cell survival should identify new therapeutic targets that can be exploited to increase the efficacy of chemo- and radio-therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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15
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Garrido JM, Esteban M, Roda O, Alaminos M, Sánchez-Montesinos I. Lysophosphatidic acid pretreatment prevents micromolar atorvastatin-induced endothelial cell death and ensures the beneficial effects of high-concentration statin therapy on endothelial gene expression. Ann Vasc Surg 2012; 26:549-58. [PMID: 22520393 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Because of the pleiotropic effects of statins, it may potentially be used as a locoregional adjuvant in vascular revascularization, tissue engineering, and regenerative procedures. Electron probe X-ray microanalyses and oligonucleotide microarrays were used to identify the global effects of micromolar concentrations of atorvastatin on the gene expression and cell viability of endothelial cells in different states of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced activation. Treatment with 1-μM atorvastatin for 24 hours significantly reduced the viability of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the same treatment of LPA-preactivated HUVECs produced elevated cell viability levels and an optimal vascular gene expression profile, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase overexpression, endothelin-1 repression, an anti-inflammatory genetic pattern, and upregulation of molecules involved in maintaining the endothelial barrier (vascular endothelial cadherin, claudin 5, tight junction protein 1, integrin β4). The atorvastatin treatment also produced a repression of microRNA 21 and genes involved in cell proliferation and neointimal formation (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] A, VEGF receptor 1, VEGFC). Results obtained suggest that micromolar atorvastatin therapy can enhance global endothelial function, but its effects on cell viability vary according to the baseline state of cell activation (preactivated, postactivated, or not activated). Preactivation with LPA protects HUVECs against atorvastatin-induced apoptosis and delivers optimal levels of cell viability and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Garrido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Kiss GN, Fells JI, Gupte R, Lee SC, Liu J, Nusser N, Lim KG, Ray RM, Lin FT, Parrill AL, Sümegi B, Miller DD, Tigyi G. Virtual screening for LPA2-specific agonists identifies a nonlipid compound with antiapoptotic actions. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:1162-73. [PMID: 22968304 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.079699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a highly potent endogenous lipid mediator that protects and rescues cells from programmed cell death. Earlier work identified the LPA₂ G protein-coupled receptor subtype as an important molecular target of LPA mediating antiapoptotic signaling. Here we describe the results of a virtual screen using single-reference similarity searching that yielded compounds 2-((9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yl)carbamoyl)benzoic acid (NSC12404), 2-((3-(1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)propyl)thio)benzoic acid (GRI977143), 4,5-dichloro-2-((9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yl)carbamoyl)benzoic acid (H2L5547924), and 2-((9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-2-yl)carbamoyl) benzoic acid (H2L5828102), novel nonlipid and drug-like compounds that are specific for the LPA₂ receptor subtype. We characterized the antiapoptotic action of one of these compounds, GRI977143, which was effective in reducing activation of caspases 3, 7, 8, and 9 and inhibited poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 cleavage and DNA fragmentation in different extrinsic and intrinsic models of apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, GRI977143 promoted carcinoma cell invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers and fibroblast proliferation. The antiapoptotic cellular signaling responses were present selectively in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells derived from LPA(1&2) double-knockout mice reconstituted with the LPA₂ receptor and were absent in vector-transduced control cells. GRI977143 was an effective stimulator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation and promoted the assembly of a macromolecular signaling complex consisting of LPA₂, Na⁺ - H⁺ exchange regulatory factor 2, and thyroid receptor interacting protein 6, which has been shown previously to be a required step in LPA-induced antiapoptotic signaling. The present findings indicate that nonlipid LPA₂-specific agonists represent an excellent starting point for development of lead compounds with potential therapeutic utility for preventing the programmed cell death involved in many types of degenerative and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyöngyi N Kiss
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Frisca F, Sabbadini RA, Goldshmit Y, Pébay A. Biological Effects of Lysophosphatidic Acid in the Nervous System. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY VOLUME 296 2012; 296:273-322. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394307-1.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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