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Abdallah LE, Abusubha A, Lee BH, Badami A, Abood G, Knab LM, Jr WS, Refaat T. Treatment Outcomes and Toxicity Profile of MRI-Guided Gated-Real Time Online Adaptive Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy to Patients with Pancreatic Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e281. [PMID: 37785052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to patients with inoperable pancreas cancer has shown promising outcomes. Dose escalation is challenging given the associated risks to nearby organs at risk and requires treatment plan adaptation and motion management. This study reports the treatment related adverse events and treatment outcomes of MRI-guided SBRT utilizing gated-real time online adaptive radiotherapy to patients with pancreatic tumors. MATERIALS/METHODS This is a single institution retrospective IRB approved study and included patients with pancreatic tumors who were treated with MRI-guided SBRT utilizing gated-real time online adaptive radiotherapy, consecutively between 2019 and 2022. All patients were treated with 0.35T MRI linear accelerator. All patients' charts and radiation plans were reviewed for this study. RESULTS The study included 25 patients treated consecutively to 125 radiation fractions with MRI-guided SBRT. The study included 15 females and 10 males, 19 white, 2 Asians, 1 Latin American and 2 African Americans. The median age was 74, and all patients had pancreatic adenocarcinoma (92%) except two patients who had biopsy proven renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the pancreas without evidence of disease elsewhere. Most patients (68%) received chemotherapy (FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine / Protein-bound paclitaxel) prior to SBRT. The median dose to gross target volume (GTV) was 50 Gy, and to planning target volume (PTV) was 35 Gy. All patients were treated in 5 radiation fractions. Thirteen patients (52%) received elective nodal irradiation (ENI). All patients had at least a single real-time online adaptive replanning (median 3 fractions, range 1-5 fractions). All treatment fractions were gated (100%) with MRI guidance. The 1-, 2-, & 3- year local-regional control (LRC) were 81%, 57%, & 57% respectively (Median 16 months). The 1-, 2-, & 3- year Distant Control (DC) were 81%, 74%, & 56% respectively (Median 14 months). The 1-, 2-, 3-year overall survival (OS) were 77%, 35%, & 24% (Median 21 months). Planning Target Volume (PTV) dose ≥40Gy was significantly associated with improved local-regional control (p = 0.02). Gross Target Volume (GTV) dose <50Gy was significantly associated with lower DC (p = 0.03). ENI showed a trend towards improved local-regional control but was not statistically significant (p = 0.1). None of the patients experienced ≥ grade 3 toxicities. Most common adverse event were grades 1 or 2 fatigue (24%), nausea (16%), and abdominal discomfort (12%). CONCLUSION In this cohort, MRI-guided SBRT utilizing gated-real time online adaptive radiotherapy was a safe and effective approach for patients with pancreatic tumors who are not surgical candidates. In this study, dose escalation was significantly associated with improved local-regional (PTV ≥40 Gy) and distant control (GTV ≥50Gy). None of the patients experienced grade ≥3 radiation induced adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Abdallah
- Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Maywood, IL
| | - A Abusubha
- Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Maywood, IL
| | - B H Lee
- Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL
| | - A Badami
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - G Abood
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - L M Knab
- Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL
| | - W Small Jr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - T Refaat
- Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL
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Wang X, Leng S, Lu Z, Huang S, Lee BH, Baskaran L, Yew MS, Teo L, Chan MY, Ngiam KY, Lee HK, Zhong L, Huang W. Context-aware deep network for coronary artery stenosis classification in coronary CT angiography. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083399 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Automatic coronary artery stenosis grading plays an important role in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Due to the difficulty of learning the informative features from varying grades of stenosis, it is still a challenging task to identify coronary artery stenosis from coronary CT angiography (CCTA). In this paper, we propose a context-aware deep network (CADN) for coronary artery stenosis classification. The proposed method integrates 3D CNN with Transformer to improve the feature representation of coronary artery stenosis in CCTA. We evaluate the proposed method on a multicenter dataset (APOLLO study with NCT05509010). Experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve the accuracy of 0.84, 0.83, and 0.86 for stenosis diagnosis on the lesion, artery, and patient levels, respectively.
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Lee R, Lee BH, Choi SH, Cho YJ, Cho HS, Kim HC, Rhim H, Cho IH, Rhee MH, Nah SY. Effects of Gintonin-enriched fraction on the gene expression of six lysophosphatidic receptor subtypes. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:583-590. [PMID: 34803428 PMCID: PMC8587509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gintonin, isolated from ginseng, acts as a ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand and elicits the [Ca2+]i transient through six LPA receptor subtypes (LPARSs). However, the long-term effects of gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) on the gene expression of six LPARSs remain unknown. We examined changes in the gene expression of six LPA receptors in the mouse whole brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, small intestine, colon, and testis after long-term oral GEF administration. Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: control vehicle and GEF (100 mg/kg, p.o.). After 21-day saline or GEF treatment, total RNA was extracted from nine mouse organs. Quantitative-real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot were performed to quantify changes in the gene and protein expression of the six LPARSs, respectively. Results qRT-PCR analysis before GEF treatment revealed that the LPA6 RS was predominant in all organs except the small intestine. The LPA2 RS was most abundant in the small intestine. Long-term GEF administration differentially regulated the six LPARSs. Upon GEF treatment, the LPA6 RS significantly increased in the liver, small intestine, colon, and testis but decreased in the whole brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Western blot analysis of the LPA6 RS confirmed the differential effects of GEF on LPA6 receptor protein levels in the whole brain, liver, small intestine, and testis. Conclusion The LPA6 receptor was predominantly expressed in all nine organs examined; long-term oral GEF administration differentially regulated LPA3, LPA4, and LPA6 receptors in the whole brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, small intestine, and testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jin Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee SB, Park Y, Kim DW, Kwon JW, Ha JW, Yang JH, Lee BH, Suk KS, Moon SH, Kim HS, Lee HM. Association between mortality risk and the number, location, and sequence of subsequent fractures in the elderly. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:233-241. [PMID: 32820370 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The mortality risk showed a positive correlation as the number of subsequent fractures increased. Hip fracture showed the greatest association with mortality risk, followed by vertebral fracture. For the combination of hip and vertebral fracture, a hip fracture after a vertebral fracture showed the highest mortality risk. INTRODUCTION It is unclear whether subsequent fractures or a certain location and sequence of subsequent fractures are associated with mortality risk in the elderly. We aimed to investigate the relationship between subsequent fractures and mortality risk. METHODS Using the Korean National Health Insurance Research Database, we analyzed the cohort data of 24,756 patients aged > 60 years who sustained fractures between 2002 and 2013. Cox regression was used to assess the mortality risk associated with the number, locations, and sequences of subsequent fractures. RESULTS Mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for women and men were shown to be associated with the number of subsequent fractures (one, 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48-1.80) and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.28-1.58); two, 1.75 (95% CI, 1.47-2.08) and 2.03 (95% CI, 1.69-2.43); three or more, 2.46(95% CI, 1.92-3.15) and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.34-2.74), respectively). For women, the mortality risk was high when hip (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.80-3.44) or vertebral (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.03-1.90) fracture occurred as a second fracture. Compared with a single hip fracture, there was a high mortality risk in the group with hip fracture after the first vertebral fracture (HR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.86-4.54), followed by vertebral fracture after the first hip fracture (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.12-3.22). CONCLUSION The mortality risk showed a positive correlation as the number of subsequent fractures increased. Hip fracture showed the greatest association with mortality risk, followed by vertebral fracture. For the combination of hip and vertebral fracture, a hip fracture after a vertebral fracture showed the highest mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-B Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Daejin Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, 10444, Republic of Korea.
| | - D-W Kim
- Research Analysis Team, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - J-W Kwon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, 10444, Republic of Korea
| | - J-W Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, 10444, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-S Suk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-M Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jayaram P, Liu C, Dawson B, Ketkar S, Patel SJ, Lee BH, Grol MW. Leukocyte-dependent effects of platelet-rich plasma on cartilage loss and thermal hyperalgesia in a mouse model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1385-1393. [PMID: 32629163 PMCID: PMC7787501 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an emerging therapeutic strategy for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA); however, there is a lack of preclinical and clinical evidence for its efficacy and its mechanism of action is unclear. In the current study, we utilized leukocyte poor-PRP (LP-PRP) and leukocyte rich-PRP (LR-PRP) to mimic clinical point of care formulations and assessed their potential to alter disease progression in a mouse model of post-traumatic OA. METHOD Three-month-old wild-type male FVB/N mice received destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce OA. To assess the efficacy of LP-PRP and LR-PRP, mice were given intraarticular injections at 2-, 7- and 28-days post-surgery. Mice were then assessed at 5-, 9-, and 13-weeks post-surgery for changes in chronic pain using the hot plate nociceptive assay. At 14-weeks, OA pathogenesis was evaluated using histology and phase-contrast μCT. RESULTS Treatment with LP-PRP and to a lesser extent LR-PRP preserved cartilage volume and surface area compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as measured by phase-contrast μCT. However, both treatments had higher Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and synovitis scores compared to sham, and neither substantially improved scores compared to PBS controls. With respect to thermal hyperalgesia, PBS-treated mice displayed reduced latency to response compared to sham, and LR-PRP but not LP-PRP improved latency to response at 5-, 9- and 13-weeks post-surgery compared to PBS. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that effects of PRP therapy on OA progression and disease-induced hyperalgesia may be leukocyte-dependent. And while LP-PRP and to a lesser extent LR-PRP protect from volume and surface loss, significant pathology is still seen within OA joints. Future work is needed to understand how the different components of PRP effect OA pathogenesis and pain, and how these could be modified to achieve greater therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jayaram
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Ketkar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S J Patel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - M W Grol
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Lee BH, Massa AT, Taylor KR. Accessory Tragus: A Rare Congenital Anomaly in a Dog. J Comp Pathol 2020; 179:79-82. [PMID: 32958153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Accessory tragus is a congenital malformation of part of the external ear, commonly reported in humans. Clinically, it is a benign, cutaneous mass located anywhere between the tragus of the ear and the angle of the mouth, along the migratory path of the first branchial arch. An accessory tragus was diagnosed in an otherwise healthy six-month-old male castrated American pit bull terrier that had a haired, pedunculated cutaneous mass on the left maxillary region from birth. Histologically, the mass was a polypoid extension of histologically normal haired skin with a central core of subcutaneous adipose tissue and well-differentiated elastic cartilage. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of this lesion in a non-human species. Retrospective examination of records from 2008 to 2018 at the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory failed to identify any other case. As accessory tragus in humans is commonly linked with other congenital anomalies and syndromes, recognition of this lesion in animals may aid in early discovery of other congenital defects and inform adequate excision of the lesion to prevent chondrodermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Lee
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington, USA.
| | - A T Massa
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - K R Taylor
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Lee BH. Study on the micellization of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide by using the solubilization of 4-alkylphenol. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kim JO, Lee J, Lee BH. Effect of Scapular Stabilization Exercise during Standing on Upper Limb Function and Gait Ability of Stroke Patients. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 8:540-544. [PMID: 29204011 PMCID: PMC5709874 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_464_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of scapular stabilization exercise during standing on a paretic side on upper limb function and gait ability of stroke patients. Methods This study was a hospital-based, randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor. A total of 17 patients with hemiplegic diagnosis after stroke were divided into two groups (9 patients in a study group and 8 patients in a control group). The study group received physical therapy and scapular stabilization exercise on a paretic side. Participants were subjected to initial evaluation before the treatment. Subjects were subsequently re-evaluated 4 and 8 weeks later to compare the changes. Measurements of hand function and gait ability were performed. Results Based on multivariate analysis of variance for repeated-measures, there was a significant time effect for Timed Up and Go test (TUG) (F = 13.816, P = 0.000), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) (F = 18.613, P = 0.000), and manual function test (MFT) (F = 16.777, P = 0.000). The group × time interaction effect was also significant for FGA (F = 4.966, P = 0.024) and MFT (F = 6.946, P = 0.003), but not for TUG test (F = 3.343, P = 0.069). Conclusion Results of the present study indicated that scapular stabilization exercise during standing on a paretic side for 8 weeks had an effect on hand function and gait ability of hemiplegic patients after stroke. Further studies are needed to find the most proper exercise for stroke patients who have gait disability and upper limb dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Surgical fixation of hip fractures in patients with below knee amputation is challenging due to the difficulty in obtaining optimal traction for reduction of the fracture. Surgeons may face difficulty in positioning such patients on the traction table due to the absence of the foot and distal lower limb. There are several techniques described to overcome this technical difficulty. In this case report, we present a case of a 64-year old gentleman with bilateral below knee amputation presenting with a comminuted right intertrochanteric fracture. We highlight a simple and effective method of applying skin traction to obtain adequate reduction for hip fracture fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - S W Ho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - C Y Kau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Kim HJ, Kim JY, Lee BH, Choi SH, Rhim H, Kim HC, Ahn SY, Jeong SW, Jang M, Cho IH, Nah SY. Gintonin, an exogenous ginseng-derived LPA receptor ligand, promotes corneal wound healing. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:387-397. [PMID: 27586470 PMCID: PMC5639092 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.3.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng gintonin is an exogenous ligand of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors. Accumulating evidence shows LPA helps in rapid recovery of corneal damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of gintonin in a rabbit model of corneal damage. We investigated the signal transduction pathway of gintonin in human corneal epithelium (HCE) cells to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. We next evaluated the therapeutic effects of gintonin, using a rabbit model of corneal damage, by undertaking histochemical analysis. Treatment of gintonin to HCE cells induced transient increases of [Ca2+]i in concentration-dependent and reversible manners. Gintonin-mediated mobilization of [Ca2+]i was attenuated by LPA1/3 receptor antagonist Ki16425, phospholipase C inhibitor U73122, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor antagonist 2-APB, and intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. Gintonin facilitated in vitro wound healing in a concentration-dependent manner. When applied as an eye-drop to rabbits with corneal damage, gintonin rapidly promoted recovery. Histochemical analysis showed gintonin decreased corneal apoptosis and increased corneal cell proliferation. We demonstrated that LPA receptor activation by gintonin is linked to in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects against corneal damage. Gintonin can be applied as a clinical agent for the rapid healing of corneal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seoung-Yob Ahn
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Soon-Wuk Jeong
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Minhee Jang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Ghassemi Nejad J, Sung KI, Lee BH, Peng JL, Kim JY, Chemere B, Oh SM, Kim MJ, Kim SC, Kim BW. 3 Comparison of hair cortisol levels and body temperature response prior to and post heat stress and water deprivation in Holstein dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Ghassemi Nejad
- Institute of Animal Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - K I Sung
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - B H Lee
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - J L Peng
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - J Y Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - B Chemere
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - S M Oh
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - M J Kim
- Institute of Animal Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - S C Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - B W Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
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Cho HJ, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Lee BH, Rhim H, Kim HC, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Bioactive lipids in gintonin-enriched fraction from ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2017; 43:209-217. [PMID: 30962735 PMCID: PMC6437394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine for human health. Ginseng contains a bioactive ligand named gintonin. The active ingredient of gintonin is lysophosphatidic acid C18:2 (LPA C18:2). We previously developed a method for gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) preparation to mass-produce gintonin from ginseng. However, previous studies did not show the presence of other bioactive lipids besides LPAs. The aim of this study was to quantify the fatty acids, lysophospholipids (LPLs), and phospholipids (PLs) besides LPAs in GEF. Methods We prepared GEF from white ginseng. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for fatty acid analysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for PL analysis, and quantified the fatty acids, LPLs, and PLs in GEF using respective standards. We examined the effect of GEF on insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. Results GEF contains about 7.5% linoleic (C18:2), 2.8% palmitic (C16:0), and 1.5% oleic acids (C18:1). GEF contains about 0.2% LPA C18:2, 0.06% LPA C16:0, and 0.02% LPA C18:1. GEF contains 0.08% lysophosphatidylcholine, 0.03% lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and 0.13% lysophosphatidylinositols. GEF also contains about 1% phosphatidic acid (PA) 16:0-18:2, 0.5% PA 18:2-18:2, and 0.2% PA 16:0-18:1. GEF-mediated insulin secretion was not blocked by LPA receptor antagonist. Conclusion We determined four characteristics of GEF through lipid analysis and insulin secretion. First, GEF contains a large amount of linoleic acid (C18:2), PA 16:0-18:2, and LPA C18:2 compared with other lipids. Second, the main fatty acid component of LPLs and PLs is linoleic acid (C18:2). Third, GEF stimulates insulin secretion not through LPA receptors. Finally, GEF contains bioactive lipids besides LPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park HC, Kim MJ, Lee BH. Randomized clinical trial of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated appendicitis. Br J Surg 2017; 104:1785-1790. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Uncomplicated appendicitis may resolve spontaneously or require treatment with antibiotics or appendicectomy. The aim of this randomized trial was to compare the outcome of a non-antibiotic management strategy with that of antibiotic therapy in uncomplicated appendicitis.
Methods
Patients presenting to a university teaching hospital with CT-verified uncomplicated simple appendicitis (appendiceal diameter no larger than 11 mm and without any signs of perforation) were randomized to management with a no-antibiotic regimen with supportive care (intravenous fluids, analgesia and antipyretics as necessary) or a 4-day course of antibiotics with supportive care. The primary endpoint was rate of total treatment failure, defined as initial treatment failure within 1 month and recurrence of appendicitis during the follow-up period.
Results
Some 245 patients were randomized within the trial, and followed up for a median of 19 months. The duration of hospital stay was shorter (mean 3·1 versus 3·7 days; P < 0·001) and the medical costs lower (€1181 versus 1348; P < 0·001) among those randomized to therapy without antibiotics. There was no difference in total treatment failure rate between the groups: 29 of 124 (23·4 per cent) in the no-antibiotic group and 25 of 121 (20·7 per cent) in the antibiotic group (P = 0·609). Eighteen patients (9 in each group) had initial treatment failure, 15 of whom underwent appendicectomy and three received additional antibiotics. Thirty-six patients (20 in the no-antibiotic group, 16 in the antibiotic group) experienced recurrence, of whom 30 underwent appendicectomy and six received further antibiotics.
Conclusion
Treatment failure rates in patients presenting with CT-confirmed uncomplicated appendicitis appeared similar among those receiving supportive care with either a no-antibiotic regimen or a 4-day course of antibiotics. Registration number: KCT0000124 (http://cris.nih.go.kr).
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Park
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine 170beon-gil 22, Gwanpyeongro, Dong An-Gu, Anyang, 14068, South Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine 170beon-gil 22, Gwanpyeongro, Dong An-Gu, Anyang, 14068, South Korea
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine 170beon-gil 22, Gwanpyeongro, Dong An-Gu, Anyang, 14068, South Korea
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Kim HJ, Park SD, Lee RM, Lee BH, Choi SH, Hwang SH, Rhim H, Kim HC, Nah SY. Gintonin attenuates depressive-like behaviors associated with alcohol withdrawal in mice. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:23-29. [PMID: 28314177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng Meyer extracts have been used to improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression. However, little is known about the extracts' active ingredients and the molecular mechanisms underlying their reported anti-depressive effects. METHODS Gintonin is an exogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand isolated from P. ginseng. BON cells, an enterochromaffin cell line, and C57BL/6 mice were used to investigate whether gintonin stimulates serotonin release. Furthermore, the effects of gintonin on depressive-like behaviors following alcohol withdrawal were evaluated using the forced swim and tail suspension tests. RESULTS Treatment of BON cells with gintonin induced a transient increase in the intracellular calcium concentration and serotonin release in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via the LPA receptor signaling pathway. Oral administration of the gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) induced an increase in the plasma serotonin concentration in the mice. Oral administration of the GEF in mice with alcohol withdrawal decreased the immobility time in two depression-like behavioral tests and restored the alcohol withdrawal-induced serotonin decrease in plasma levels. LIMITATIONS We cannot exclude the possibility that the gintonin-mediated regulation of adrenal catecholamine release in the peripheral system, and acetylcholine and glutamate release in the central nervous system, could also contribute to the alleviation of depressive-like behaviors. CONCLUSION The GEF-mediated attenuation of depressive-like behavior induced by alcohol withdrawal may be mediated by serotonin release from intestinal enterochromaffin cells. Therefore, the GEF might be responsible for the ginseng extract-induced alleviation of depression-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Deuk Park
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Mi Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Lee BH, Kim HK, Jang M, Kim HJ, Choi SH, Hwang SH, Kim HC, Rhim H, Cho IH, Nah SY. Effects of Gintonin-Enriched Fraction in an Atopic Dermatitis Animal Model: Involvement of Autotaxin Regulation. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:1063-1070. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
| | - Ho-Kyoung Kim
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Minhee Jang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University
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Lee BH, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Park SD, Rhim H, Kim HC, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Gintonin absorption in intestinal model systems. J Ginseng Res 2016; 42:35-41. [PMID: 29348720 PMCID: PMC5766688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we identified a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, called gintonin. We showed that gintonin induces [Ca2+]i transient-mediated morphological changes, proliferation, and migration in cells expressing lysophosphatidic acid receptors and that oral administration of gintonin exhibits anti-Alzheimer disease effects in model mice. However, little is known about the intestinal absorption of gintonin. The aim of this study was to investigate gintonin absorption using two model systems. Methods Gintonin membrane permeation was examined using a parallel artificial membrane permeation assay, and gintonin absorption was evaluated in a mouse everted intestinal sac model. Results The parallel artificial membrane permeation assay showed that gintonin could permeate an artificial membrane in a dose-dependent manner. In the everted sac model, gintonin absorption increased with incubation time (from 0 min to 60 min), followed by a decrease in absorption. Gintonin absorption into everted sacs was also dose dependent, with a nonlinear correlation between gintonin absorption and concentration at 0.1–3 mg/mL and saturation at 3–5 mg/mL. Gintonin absorption was inhibited by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and the sodium–glucose transporter inhibitor phloridzin. Moreover, lipid extraction with methanol also attenuated gintonin absorption, suggesting the importance of the lipid portion of gintonin in absorption. This result shows that gintonin might be absorbed through passive diffusion, paracellular, and active transport pathways. Conclusion The present study shows that gintonin could be absorbed in the intestine through transcellular and paracellular diffusion, and active transport. In addition, the lipid component of gintonin might play a key role in its intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Deuk Park
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee BH, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Jung SW, Kim HK, Nah SY. Plant Lysophosphatidic Acids: A Rich Source for Bioactive Lysophosphatidic Acids and Their Pharmacological Applications. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:156-62. [PMID: 26830477 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (1-acyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid; LPA) is a simple and minor phospholipid in plants. Plant LPAs are merely metabolic intermediates in de novo lipid synthesis in plant cell membranes or for glycerophospholipid storage. The production and metabolisms of LPAs in animals are also well characterized and LPAs have diverse cellular effects in animal systems; i.e., from brain development to wound healing through the activation of G protein-coupled LPA receptors. Recent studies show that various foodstuffs such as soybean, cabbage and seeds such as sesame and sunflower contain bioactive LPAs. Some LPAs are produced from phosphatidic acid during the digestion of foodstuff. In addition, herbal medicines such as corydalis tuber, and especially ginseng, contain large amounts of LPAs compared to foodstuffs. Herbal LPAs bind to cell surface LPA receptors in animal cells and exert their biological effects. Herbal LPAs elicit [Ca(2+)]i transient and are coupled to various Ca(2+)-dependent ion channels and receptor regulations via the activation of LPA receptors. They also showed beneficial effects of in vitro wound healing, in vivo anti-gastric ulcer, anti-Alzheimer's disease, autotaxin inhibition and anti-metastasis activity. Thus, herbal LPAs can be useful agents for human health. Humans can utilize exogenous plant-derived LPAs for preventive or therapeutic purposes if plant-derived LPAs are developed as functional foods or natural medicine targeting LPA receptors. This brief review article introduces the known rich sources of herbal LPAs and herbal LPA binding protein, describes their biological effects, and further addresses possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology,
College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University
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Kim HJ, Kim DJ, Shin EJ, Lee BH, Choi SH, Hwang SH, Rhim H, Cho IH, Kim HC, Nah SY. Effects of gintonin-enriched fraction on hippocampal cell proliferation in wild-type mice and an APPswe/PSEN-1 double Tg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:56-65. [PMID: 27765516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that gintonin, an exogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, attenuated β-amyloid plaque formation in the cortex and hippocampus, and restored β-amyloid-induced memory dysfunction. Both endogenous LPA and LPA receptors play a key role in embryonic brain development. However, little is known about whether gintonin can induce hippocampal cell proliferation in adult wild-type mice and an APPswe/PSEN-1 double Tg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we examined the effects of gintonin on the proliferation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in vitro and its effects on the hippocampal cell proliferation in wild-type mice and a transgenic AD mouse model. Gintonin treatment increased 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in hippocampal NPCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Gintonin (0.3 μg/ml) increased the immunostaining of glial fibrillary acidic protein, NeuN, and LPA1 receptor in hippocampal NPCs. However, the gintonin-induced increase in BrdU incorporation and immunostaining of biomarkers was blocked by an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist and Ca2+ chelator. Oral administration of the gintonin-enriched fraction (50 and 100 mg/kg) increased hippocampal BrdU incorporation and LPA1/3 receptor expression in adult wild-type and transgenic AD mice. The present study showed that gintonin could increase the number of hippocampal neurons in adult wild-type mice and a transgenic AD mouse model. Our results indicate that gintonin-mediated hippocampal cell proliferation contributes to the gintonin-mediated restorative effect against β-amyloid-induced hippocampal dysfunction. These results support the use of gintonin for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD via promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Joong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Elf S, Lin R, Xia S, Pan Y, Shan C, Wu S, Lonial S, Gaddh M, Arellano ML, Khoury HJ, Khuri FR, Lee BH, Boggon TJ, Fan J, Chen J. Targeting 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the oxidative PPP sensitizes leukemia cells to antimalarial agent dihydroartemisinin. Oncogene 2016; 36:254-262. [PMID: 27270429 PMCID: PMC5464402 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is crucial for cancer cell metabolism and tumor growth. We recently reported that targeting a key oxidative PPP enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), using our novel small molecule 6PGD inhibitors Physcion and its derivative S3, shows anti-cancer effects. Notably, humans with genetic deficiency of either 6PGD or another oxidative PPP enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), exhibit non-immune hemolytic anemia upon exposure to aspirin and various anti-malarial drugs. Inspired by these clinical observations, we examined the anti-cancer potential of combined treatment with 6PGD inhibitors and anti-malarial drugs. We found that stable knockdown of 6PGD sensitizes leukemia cells to anti-malarial agent dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Combined treatment with DHA and Physcion activates AMP-activated protein kinase, leading to synergistic inhibition of human leukemia cell viability. Moreover, our combined therapy synergistically attenuates tumor growth in xenograft nude mice injected with human K562 leukemia cells and cell viability of primary leukemia cells from human patients, but shows minimal toxicity to normal hematopoietic cells in mice as well as red blood cells and mononucleocytes from healthy human donors. Our findings reveal the potential for combined therapy using optimized doses of Physcion and DHA as a novel anti-leukemia treatment without inducing hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elf
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R Lin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Xia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Y Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Shan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Gaddh
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M L Arellano
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H J Khoury
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B H Lee
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Fan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Lee BH, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Jung SW, Hwang SH, Pyo MK, Rhim H, Kim HC, Kim HK, Lee SM, Nah SY. Differential Effects of Quercetin and Quercetin Glycosides on Human α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Mediated Ion Currents. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:410-7. [PMID: 27098860 PMCID: PMC4930285 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid usually found in fruits and vegetables. Aside from its antioxidative effects, quercetin, like other flavonoids, has a various neuropharmacological actions. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Rham1), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (Rutin), and quercetin-3-(2(G)-rhamnosylrutinoside (Rham2) are mono-, di-, and tri-glycosylated forms of quercetin, respectively. In a previous study, we showed that quercetin can enhance α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR)-mediated ion currents. However, the role of the carbohydrates attached to quercetin in the regulation of α7 nAChR channel activity has not been determined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of quercetin glycosides on the acetylcholine induced peak inward current (IACh) in Xenopus oocytes expressing the α7 nAChR. IACh was measured with a two-electrode voltage clamp technique. In oocytes injected with α7 nAChR copy RNA, quercetin enhanced IACh, whereas quercetin glycosides inhibited IACh. Quercetin glycosides mediated an inhibition of IACh, which increased when they were pre-applied and the inhibitory effects were concentration dependent. The order of IACh inhibition by quercetin glycosides was Rutin≥Rham1>Rham2. Quercetin glycosides-mediated IACh enhancement was not affected by ACh concentration and appeared voltage-independent. Furthermore, quercetin-mediated IACh inhibition can be attenuated when quercetin is co-applied with Rham1 and Rutin, indicating that quercetin glycosides could interfere with quercetin-mediated α7 nAChR regulation and that the number of carbohydrates in the quercetin glycoside plays a key role in the interruption of quercetin action. These results show that quercetin and quercetin glycosides regulate the α7 nAChR in a differential manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BioMolecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BioMolecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BioMolecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Won Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BioMolecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Pyo
- International Ginseng and Herb Research Institute, Geumsan 32724, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Kyoung Kim
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BioMolecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BioMolecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Mohr C, D'Ambro EL, Lutz A, Riedel TP, Gaston CJ, Iyer S, Zhang Z, Gold A, Surratt JD, Lee BH, Kurten T, Hu WW, Jimenez J, Hallquist M, Thornton JA. Molecular Composition and Volatility of Organic Aerosol in the Southeastern U.S.: Implications for IEPOX Derived SOA. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:2200-9. [PMID: 26811969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements as part of the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) during which atmospheric aerosol particles were comprehensively characterized. We present results utilizing a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsol coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). We focus on the volatility and composition of isoprene derived organic aerosol tracers and of the bulk organic aerosol. By utilizing the online volatility and molecular composition information provided by the FIGAERO-CIMS, we show that the vast majority of commonly reported molecular tracers of isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is derived from thermal decomposition of accretion products or other low volatility organics having effective saturation vapor concentrations <10(-3) μg m(-3). In addition, while accounting for up to 30% of total submicrometer organic aerosol mass, the IEPOX-derived SOA has a higher volatility than the remaining bulk. That IEPOX-SOA, and more generally bulk organic aerosol in the Southeastern U.S. is comprised of effectively nonvolatile material has important implications for modeling SOA derived from isoprene, and for mechanistic interpretations of molecular tracer measurements. Our results show that partitioning theory performs well for 2-methyltetrols, once accretion product decomposition is taken into account. No significant partitioning delays due to aerosol phase or viscosity are observed, and no partitioning to particle-phase water or other unexplained mechanisms are needed to explain our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Lopez-Hilfiker
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - C Mohr
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - E L D'Ambro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - A Lutz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T P Riedel
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - C J Gaston
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - S Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - A Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - J D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - T Kurten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - W W Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - J Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - M Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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22
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Wolfe GM, Kaiser J, Hanisco TF, Keutsch FN, de Gouw JA, Gilman JB, Graus M, Hatch CD, Holloway J, Horowitz LW, Lee BH, Lerner BM, Lopez-Hilifiker F, Mao J, Marvin MR, Peischl J, Pollack IB, Roberts JM, Ryerson TB, Thornton JA, Veres PR, Warneke C. Formaldehyde production from isoprene oxidation across NO x regimes. Atmos Chem Phys 2016. [PMID: 29619046 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-2597-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The chemical link between isoprene and formaldehyde (HCHO) is a strong, non-linear function of NOx (= NO + NO2). This relationship is a linchpin for top-down isoprene emission inventory verification from orbital HCHO column observations. It is also a benchmark for overall photochemical mechanism performance with regard to VOC oxidation. Using a comprehensive suite of airborne in situ observations over the Southeast U.S., we quantify HCHO production across the urban-rural spectrum. Analysis of isoprene and its major first-generation oxidation products allows us to define both a "prompt" yield of HCHO (molecules of HCHO produced per molecule of freshly-emitted isoprene) and the background HCHO mixing ratio (from oxidation of longer-lived hydrocarbons). Over the range of observed NOx values (roughly 0.1 - 2 ppbv), the prompt yield increases by a factor of 3 (from 0.3 to 0.9 ppbv ppbv-1), while background HCHO increases by a factor of 2 (from 1.6 to 3.3 ppbv). We apply the same method to evaluate the performance of both a global chemical transport model (AM3) and a measurement-constrained 0-D steady state box model. Both models reproduce the NOx dependence of the prompt HCHO yield, illustrating that models with updated isoprene oxidation mechanisms can adequately capture the link between HCHO and recent isoprene emissions. On the other hand, both models under-estimate background HCHO mixing ratios, suggesting missing HCHO precursors, inadequate representation of later-generation isoprene degradation and/or under-estimated hydroxyl radical concentrations. Detailed process rates from the box model simulation demonstrate a 3-fold increase in HCHO production across the range of observed NOx values, driven by a 100% increase in OH and a 40% increase in branching of organic peroxy radical reactions to produce HCHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Wolfe
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - F N Keutsch
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J B Gilman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Graus
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C D Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, AR, USA
| | - J Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - L W Horowitz
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B M Lerner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - F Lopez-Hilifiker
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Mao
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - M R Marvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - I B Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J M Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P R Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
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23
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Warneke C, Trainer M, de Gouw JA, Parrish DD, Fahey DW, Ravishankara AR, Middlebrook AM, Brock CA, Roberts JM, Brown SS, Neuman JA, Lerner BM, Lack D, Law D, Hübler G, Pollack I, Sjostedt S, Ryerson TB, Gilman JB, Liao J, Holloway J, Peischl J, Nowak JB, Aikin K, Min KE, Washenfelder RA, Graus MG, Richardson M, Markovic MZ, Wagner NL, Welti A, Veres PR, Edwards P, Schwarz JP, Gordon T, Dube WP, McKeen S, Brioude J, Ahmadov R, Bougiatioti A, Lin JJ, Nenes A, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Lee BH, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Thornton JA, Keutsch FN, Kaiser J, Mao J, Hatch C. Instrumentation and Measurement Strategy for the NOAA SENEX Aircraft Campaign as Part of the Southeast Atmosphere Study 2013. Atmos Meas Tech 2016. [PMID: 29619117 DOI: 10.5194/amt-2015-388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural emissions of ozone-and-aerosol-precursor gases such as isoprene and monoterpenes are high in the southeast of the US. In addition, anthropogenic emissions are significant in the Southeast US and summertime photochemistry is rapid. The NOAA-led SENEX (Southeast Nexus) aircraft campaign was one of the major components of the Southeast Atmosphere Study (SAS) and was focused on studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions to form secondary pollutants. During SENEX, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted 20 research flights between 27 May and 10 July 2013 based out of Smyrna, TN. Here we describe the experimental approach, the science goals and early results of the NOAA SENEX campaign. The aircraft, its capabilities and standard measurements are described. The instrument payload is summarized including detection limits, accuracy, precision and time resolutions for all gas-and-aerosol phase instruments. The inter-comparisons of compounds measured with multiple instruments on the NOAA WP-3D are presented and were all within the stated uncertainties, except two of the three NO2 measurements. The SENEX flights included day- and nighttime flights in the Southeast as well as flights over areas with intense shale gas extraction (Marcellus, Fayetteville and Haynesville shale). We present one example flight on 16 June 2013, which was a daytime flight over the Atlanta region, where several crosswind transects of plumes from the city and nearby point sources, such as power plants, paper mills and landfills, were flown. The area around Atlanta has large biogenic isoprene emissions, which provided an excellent case for studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. In this example flight, chemistry in and outside the Atlanta plumes was observed for several hours after emission. The analysis of this flight showcases the strategies implemented to answer some of the main SENEX science questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D D Parrish
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D W Fahey
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A R Ravishankara
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A M Middlebrook
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - C A Brock
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J M Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S S Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J A Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - B M Lerner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D Lack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D Law
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - G Hübler
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - I Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S Sjostedt
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - T B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J B Gilman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Liao
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J B Nowak
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - K Aikin
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - K-E Min
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - R A Washenfelder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M G Graus
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Richardson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Z Markovic
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - N L Wagner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A Welti
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - P R Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - P Edwards
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J P Schwarz
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - T Gordon
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - W P Dube
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S McKeen
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Brioude
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - R Ahmadov
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | | | - J J Lin
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - A Nenes
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece
- National Observatory of Athens, Greece
| | - G M Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- University of Maryland Baltimore County
| | - T F Hanisco
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - B H Lee
- University of Washington, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - F N Keutsch
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - J Kaiser
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - J Mao
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, NJ
- Princeton University
| | - C Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, 1600 Washington Ave., Conway, AR, USA
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24
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Warneke C, Trainer M, de Gouw JA, Parrish DD, Fahey DW, Ravishankara AR, Middlebrook AM, Brock CA, Roberts JM, Brown SS, Neuman JA, Lerner BM, Lack D, Law D, Hübler G, Pollack I, Sjostedt S, Ryerson TB, Gilman JB, Liao J, Holloway J, Peischl J, Nowak JB, Aikin K, Min KE, Washenfelder RA, Graus MG, Richardson M, Markovic MZ, Wagner NL, Welti A, Veres PR, Edwards P, Schwarz JP, Gordon T, Dube WP, McKeen S, Brioude J, Ahmadov R, Bougiatioti A, Lin JJ, Nenes A, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Lee BH, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Thornton JA, Keutsch FN, Kaiser J, Mao J, Hatch C. Instrumentation and Measurement Strategy for the NOAA SENEX Aircraft Campaign as Part of the Southeast Atmosphere Study 2013. Atmos Meas Tech 2016; 9:3063-3093. [PMID: 29619117 PMCID: PMC5880326 DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-3063-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural emissions of ozone-and-aerosol-precursor gases such as isoprene and monoterpenes are high in the southeast of the US. In addition, anthropogenic emissions are significant in the Southeast US and summertime photochemistry is rapid. The NOAA-led SENEX (Southeast Nexus) aircraft campaign was one of the major components of the Southeast Atmosphere Study (SAS) and was focused on studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions to form secondary pollutants. During SENEX, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted 20 research flights between 27 May and 10 July 2013 based out of Smyrna, TN. Here we describe the experimental approach, the science goals and early results of the NOAA SENEX campaign. The aircraft, its capabilities and standard measurements are described. The instrument payload is summarized including detection limits, accuracy, precision and time resolutions for all gas-and-aerosol phase instruments. The inter-comparisons of compounds measured with multiple instruments on the NOAA WP-3D are presented and were all within the stated uncertainties, except two of the three NO2 measurements. The SENEX flights included day- and nighttime flights in the Southeast as well as flights over areas with intense shale gas extraction (Marcellus, Fayetteville and Haynesville shale). We present one example flight on 16 June 2013, which was a daytime flight over the Atlanta region, where several crosswind transects of plumes from the city and nearby point sources, such as power plants, paper mills and landfills, were flown. The area around Atlanta has large biogenic isoprene emissions, which provided an excellent case for studying the interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. In this example flight, chemistry in and outside the Atlanta plumes was observed for several hours after emission. The analysis of this flight showcases the strategies implemented to answer some of the main SENEX science questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D D Parrish
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D W Fahey
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A R Ravishankara
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A M Middlebrook
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - C A Brock
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J M Roberts
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S S Brown
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J A Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - B M Lerner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D Lack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - D Law
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - G Hübler
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - I Pollack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S Sjostedt
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - T B Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J B Gilman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Liao
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J B Nowak
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - K Aikin
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - K-E Min
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - R A Washenfelder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M G Graus
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Richardson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - M Z Markovic
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - N L Wagner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - A Welti
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - P R Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - P Edwards
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J P Schwarz
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - T Gordon
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - W P Dube
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - S McKeen
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - J Brioude
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | - R Ahmadov
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO
| | | | - J J Lin
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - A Nenes
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece
- National Observatory of Athens, Greece
| | - G M Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- University of Maryland Baltimore County
| | - T F Hanisco
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - B H Lee
- University of Washington, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - F N Keutsch
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - J Kaiser
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - J Mao
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, NJ
- Princeton University
| | - C Hatch
- Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, 1600 Washington Ave., Conway, AR, USA
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25
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Lee BH, Kim J, Lee RM, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Hwang SH, Lee MK, Bae CS, Kim HC, Rhim H, Lim K, Nah SY. Gintonin enhances performance of mice in rotarod test: Involvement of lysophosphatidic acid receptors and catecholamine release. Neurosci Lett 2015; 612:256-260. [PMID: 26706688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng has a long history of use as a tonic for restoration of vigor. One example of ginseng-derived tonic effect is that it can improve physical stamina under conditions of stress. However, the active ingredient and the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the ergogenic effect are unknown. Recent studies show that ginseng contains a novel ingredient, gintonin, which consists of a unique class of herbal-medicine lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs). Gintonin activates G protein-coupled LPA receptors to produce a transient [Ca(2+)]i signal, which is coupled to diverse intra- and inter-cellular signal transduction pathways that stimulate hormone or neurotransmitter release. However, relatively little is known about how gintonin-mediated cellular modulation is linked to physical endurance. In the present study, systemic administration of gintonin, but not ginsenosides, in fasted mice increased blood glucose concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Gintonin treatment elevated blood glucose to a maximum level after 30min. This elevation in blood glucose level could be abrogated by the LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, Ki16425, or the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol. Furthermore, gintonin-dependent enhanced performance of fasted mice in rotarod test was likewise abrogated by Ki16425. Gintonin also elevated plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. The present study shows that gintonin mediates catecholamine release through activation of the LPA receptor and that activation of the β-adrenergic receptor is coupled to liver glycogenolysis, thereby increasing the supply of glucose and enhancing performance in the rotarod test. Thus, gintonin acts via the LPA-catecholamine-glycogenolysis axis, representing a candidate mechanism that can explain how ginseng treatment enhances physical stamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Ra Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, South Korea
| | - Myung Koo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Chonnam National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-791, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
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Hwang SH, Lee BH, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Won KJ, Lee HM, Rhim H, Kim HC, Nah SY. Effects of gintonin on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical-vein endothelial cells: involvement of lysophosphatidic-acid receptors and vascular-endothelial-growth-factor signaling. J Ginseng Res 2015; 40:325-333. [PMID: 27746684 PMCID: PMC5052429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng extracts are known to have angiogenic effects. However, to date, only limited information is available on the molecular mechanism underlying the angiogenic effects and the main components of ginseng that exert these effects. Human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are used as an in vitro model for screening therapeutic agents that promote angiogenesis and wound healing. We recently isolated gintonin, a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, from ginseng. LPA plays a key role in angiogenesis and wound healing. Methods In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of gintonin on proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs, which express endogenous LPA1/3 receptors. Results Gintonin stimulated proliferation and migration of HUVECs. The LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, Ki16425, short interfering RNA against LPA1 or LPA3 receptor, and the Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, significantly decreased the gintonin-induced proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs, which indicates the involvement of LPA receptors and Rho kinase activation. Further, gintonin increased the release of vascular endothelial growth factors from HUVECs. The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398, nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor BAY11-7085, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 blocked the gintonin-induced migration, which shows the involvement of cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor kappa B, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling. Conclusion The gintonin-mediated proliferation, migration, and vascular-endothelial-growth-factor release in HUVECs via LPA-receptor activation may be one of in vitro mechanisms underlying ginseng-induced angiogenic and wound-healing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Jong Won
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Choi SH, Jung SW, Lee BH, Kim HJ, Hwang SH, Kim HK, Nah SY. Ginseng pharmacology: a new paradigm based on gintonin-lysophosphatidic acid receptor interactions. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:245. [PMID: 26578955 PMCID: PMC4621423 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng, is used as a traditional medicine. Despite the long history of the use of ginseng, there is no specific scientific or clinical rationale for ginseng pharmacology besides its application as a general tonic. The ambiguous description of ginseng pharmacology might be due to the absence of a predominant active ingredient that represents ginseng pharmacology. Recent studies show that ginseng abundantly contains lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs), which are phospholipid-derived growth factor with diverse biological functions including those claimed to be exhibited by ginseng. LPAs in ginseng form a complex with ginseng proteins, which can bind and deliver LPA to its cognate receptors with a high affinity. As a first messenger, gintonin produces second messenger Ca2+ via G protein-coupled LPA receptors. Ca2+ is an intracellular mediator of gintonin and initiates a cascade of amplifications for further intercellular communications by activation of Ca2+-dependent kinases, receptors, gliotransmitter, and neurotransmitter release. Ginsenosides, which have been regarded as primary ingredients of ginseng, cannot elicit intracellular [Ca2+]i transients, since they lack specific cell surface receptor. However, ginsenosides exhibit non-specific ion channel and receptor regulations. This is the key characteristic that distinguishes gintonin from ginsenosides. Although the current discourse on ginseng pharmacology is focused on ginsenosides, gintonin can definitely provide a mode of action for ginseng pharmacology that ginsenosides cannot. This review article introduces a novel concept of ginseng ligand-LPA receptor interaction and proposes to establish a paradigm that shifts the focus from ginsenosides to gintonin as a major ingredient representing ginseng pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Won Jung
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University , Wonju, South Korea
| | - Ho-Kyoung Kim
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
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Lee BH, Lee NM. Effects of Surfactant Molecules’ Head- and Tail-groups on the Solubilization of p-Chlorobenzoic Acid. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2015. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2015.59.5.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim HJ, Shin EJ, Lee BH, Choi SH, Jung SW, Cho IH, Hwang SH, Kim JY, Han JS, Chung C, Jang CG, Rhim H, Kim HC, Nah SY. Oral Administration of Gintonin Attenuates Cholinergic Impairments by Scopolamine, Amyloid-β Protein, and Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Cells 2015; 38:796-805. [PMID: 26255830 PMCID: PMC4588723 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gintonin is a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. Oral administration of gintonin ameliorates learning and memory dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models. The brain cholinergic system plays a key role in cognitive functions. The brains of AD patients show a reduction in acetylcholine concentration caused by cholinergic system impairments. However, little is known about the role of LPA in the cholinergic system. In this study, we used gintonin to investigate the effect of LPA receptor activation on the cholinergic system in vitro and in vivo using wild-type and AD animal models. Gintonin induced [Ca(2+)]i transient in cultured mouse hippocampal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients were linked to stimulation of acetylcholine release through LPA receptor activation. Oral administration of gintonin-enriched fraction (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, 3 weeks) significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Oral administration of gintonin (25 or 50 mg/kg, 2 weeks) also significantly attenuated amyloid-β protein (Aβ)-induced cholinergic dysfunctions, such as decreased acetylcholine concentration, decreased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and immunoreactivity, and increased acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. In a transgenic AD mouse model, long-term oral administration of gintonin (25 or 50 mg/kg, 3 months) also attenuated AD-related cholinergic impairments. In this study, we showed that activation of G protein-coupled LPA receptors by gintonin is coupled to the regulation of cholinergic functions. Furthermore, this study showed that gintonin could be a novel agent for the restoration of cholinergic system damages due to Aβ and could be utilized for AD prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Seok-Won Jung
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, and Institute of Oriental Medicine, College of Oriental Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701,
Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702,
Korea
| | - Joon Yong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746,
Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 139-791,
Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
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Kim H, Lee BH, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Jung SW, Hwang SH, Rhim H, Kim HC, Cho IH, Nah SY. Gintonin stimulates gliotransmitter release in cortical primary astrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2015; 603:19-24. [PMID: 26191656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple and minor phospholipid, but serves as a lipid-derived neurotransmitter via activation of G protein-coupled LPA receptors. Astrocytes abundantly express LPA receptors and contain gliotransmitters that modulate astrocyte-neuron interactions. Gintonin is a novel ginseng-derived G protein-coupled LPA receptor ligand. Gintonin induces [Ca(2+)]i transients in neuronal and non-neuronal cells via activation of LPA receptors, which regulate calcium-dependent ion channels and receptors. A line of evidence shows that neurotransmitter-mediated [Ca(2+)]i elevations in astrocytes are coupled with gliotransmitter release. However, little is known about whether gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients are coupled to gliotransmitter release in astrocytes. In the present study, we examined the effects of gintonin on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate release in mouse cortical primary astrocytes. Application of gintonin to astrocytes induced [Ca(2+)]i transients in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner. However, ginsenosides, other active ingredients in ginseng, had no effect on [Ca(2+)]i transients. The induction of gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients was attenuated/blocked by the LPA1/3 receptor antagonist Ki16425, a phospholipase C inhibitor, an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor antagonist, and an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator. Gintonin treatment on astrocytes increased ATP and glutamate release in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. BAPTA and Ki16425 attenuated gintonin-mediated ATP and glutamate release in astrocytes. The present study shows that gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients are coupled to gliotransmitter release via LPA receptor activation. Finally, gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients and gliotransmitter release from astrocytes via LPA receptor activation might explain one mechanism of gintonin-mediated neuromodulation in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsook Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Suk-Won Jung
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-791,South Korea
| | - Hyung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Oriental Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
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Choi SH, Jung SW, Kim HS, Kim HJ, Lee BH, Kim JY, Kim JH, Hwang SH, Rhim H, Kim HC, Nah SY. A brief method for preparation of gintonin-enriched fraction from ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2015; 39:398-405. [PMID: 26869834 PMCID: PMC4593782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng has been used as a tonic for invigoration of the human body. In a previous report, we identified a novel candidate responsible for the tonic role of ginseng, designated gintonin. Gintonin induces [Ca2+]i transient in animal cells via lysophosphatidic acid receptor activation. Gintonin-mediated [Ca2+]i transient is linked to anti-Alzheimer's activity in transgenic Alzheimer's disease animal model. The previous method for gintonin preparation included multiple steps. The aim of this study is to develop a simple method of gintonin fraction with a high yield. Methods We developed a brief method to obtain gintonin using ethanol and water. We extracted ginseng with fermentation ethanol and fractionated the extract with water to obtain water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. The water-insoluble precipitate, rather than the water-soluble supernatant, induced a large [Ca2+]i transient in primary astrocytes. We designated this fraction as gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF). Results The yield of GEF was approximately 6-fold higher than that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. The apparent molecular weight of GEF, determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was equivalent to that obtained in the previous gintonin preparation method. GEF induced [Ca2+]i transient in cortical astrocytes. The effective dose (ED50) was 0.3 ± 0.09 μg/mL. GEF used the same signal transduction pathway as gintonin during [Ca2+]i transient induction in mouse cortical astrocytes. Conclusion Because GEF can be prepared through water precipitation of ginseng ethanol extract and is easily reproducible with high yield, it could be commercially utilized for the development of gintonin-derived functional health food and natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Won Jung
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Rhim
- Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee BH, Hwang SH, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Jung SW, Kim HS, Lee JH, Kim HC, Rhim H, Nah SY. Resveratrol inhibits glycine receptor-mediated ion currents. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 37:576-80. [PMID: 24694604 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is found in grapes, red wine, and berries. Resveratrol has been known to have many beneficial health effects, such as anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-nociceptive, and life-prolonging effects. However, the single cellular mechanisms by which resveratrol acts are relatively unknown, especially in terms of possible regulation of receptors involved in synaptic transmission. The glycine receptor is an inhibitory ligand-gated ion channel involved in fast synaptic transmission in spinal cord. In the present study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on human glycine receptor channel activity. Glycine α1 receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and glycine receptor channel activity was measured using a two-electrode voltage clamp technique. Treatment with resveratrol alone had no effect on oocytes injected with H2O or on oocytes injected with glycine α1 receptor cRNA. In the oocytes injected with glycine α1 receptor cRNA, co- or pre-treatment of resveratrol with glycine inhibited the glycine-induced inward peak current (IGly) in a reversible manner. The inhibitory effect of resveratrol on IGly was also concentration dependent, voltage independent, and non-competitive. These results indicate that resveratrol regulates glycine receptor channel activity and that resveratrol-mediated regulation of glycine receptor channel activity is one of several cellular action mechanisms of resveratrol for pain regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University
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Oh KS, Lee JH, Yi KY, Lim CJ, Lee S, Park CH, Seo HW, Lee BH. The orally active urotensin receptor antagonist, KR36676, attenuates cellular and cardiac hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2618-33. [PMID: 25597918 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Blockade of the actions of urotensin-II (U-II) mediated by the urotensin (UT) receptor should improve cardiac function and prevent cardiac remodelling in cardiovascular disease. Here, we have evaluated the pharmacological properties of the recently identified UT receptor antagonist, 2-(6,7-dichloro-3-oxo-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-4(3H)-yl)-N-methyl-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(4-(thiophen-3-yl)phenyl) ethyl)acetamide (KR36676). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pharmacological properties of KR36676 were studied in a range of in vitro assays (receptor binding, calcium mobilization, stress fibre formation, cellular hypertrophy) and in vivo animal models such as cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or myocardial infarction (MI). KEY RESULTS KR36676 displayed high binding affinity for the UT receptor (Ki : 0.7 nM), similar to that of U-II (0.4 nM), and was a potent antagonist at that receptor (IC50 : 4.0 nM). U-II-induced stress fibre formation and cellular hypertrophy were significantly inhibited with low concentrations of KR36676 (≥0.01 μM). Oral administration of KR36676 (30 mg·kg(-1) ) in a TAC model in mice attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, KR36676 restored cardiac function and myocyte size in rats with MI-induced cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A highly potent UT receptor antagonist exerted anti-hypertrophic effects not only in infarcted rat hearts but also in pressure-overloaded mouse hearts. KR36676 could be a valuable pharmacological tool in elucidating the complicated physiological role of U-II and UT receptors in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Oh
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Jung SW, Kim HJ, Lee BH, Choi SH, Kim HS, Choi YK, Kim JY, Kim ES, Hwang SH, Lim KY, Kim HC, Jang M, Park SK, Cho IH, Nah SY. Effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract on busulfan-induced dysfunction of the male reproductive system. J Ginseng Res 2015. [PMID: 26199556 PMCID: PMC4506375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anticancer agents induce a variety of adverse effects when administered to cancer patients. Busulfan is a known antileukemia agent. When administered for treatment of leukemia in young patients, busulfan could cause damage to the male reproductive system as one of its adverse effects, resulting in sterility. Methods We investigated the effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) on busulfan-induced damage and/or dysfunction of the male reproductive system. Results We found that administration of busulfan to mice: decreased testis weight; caused testicular histological damage; reduced the total number of sperm, sperm motility, serum testosterone concentration; and eventually, litter size. Preadministration of KRGE partially attenuated various busulfan-induced damages to the male reproductive system. These results indicate that KRGE has a protective effect against busulfan-induced damage to the male reproduction system. Conclusion The present study shows a possibility that KRGE could be applied as a useful agent to prevent or protect the male reproductive system from the adverse side effects induced by administration of anticancer agents such as busulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Won Jung
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Yong Kim
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kwang Yong Lim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Minhee Jang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Park
- Department of Prescriptionology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Halder D, Mandal C, Lee BH, Lee JS, Choi MR, Chai JC, Lee YS, Jung KH, Chai YG. PCDHB14- and GABRB1-like nervous system developmental genes are altered during early neuronal differentiation of NCCIT cells treated with ethanol. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:1017-27. [PMID: 25566775 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114566827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) exposure during embryonic development causes dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we examined the effects of chronic EtOH on gene expression during early stages of neuronal differentiation. Human embryonic carcinoma (NCCIT) cells were differentiated into neuronal precursors/lineages in the presence or absence of EtOH and folic acid. Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis demonstrated that EtOH deregulates many genes and pathways that are involved in early brain development. EtOH exposure downregulated several important genes, such as PCDHB14, GABRB1, CTNND2, NAV3, RALDH1, and OPN5, which are involved in CNS development, synapse assembly, synaptic transmission, and neurotransmitter receptor activity. GeneGo pathway analysis revealed that the deregulated genes mapped to disease pathways that were relevant to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD, such as neurotic disorders, epilepsy, and alcohol-related disorders). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the impairment of the neurological system or suboptimal synapse formation resulting from EtOH exposure could underlie the neurodevelopmental disorders in individuals with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Halder
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - C Mandal
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - B H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Eulji Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea KARF Hospital, the Korean Alcohol Research Foundation, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Lee
- KARF Hospital, the Korean Alcohol Research Foundation, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - M R Choi
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - J C Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Lee
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Jung
- Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y G Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea Department of Nanobiotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The biomechanical interaction between the median nerve and the flexor tendons is an important consideration in Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We aim to quantify the displacement and compressive deformation pattern of the median nerve in various stages of finger flexion in the normal population at the inlet of the carpal tunnel. METHODS Transverse ultrasounds images were taken at the carpal tunnel inlet during full-extension, mid-flexion and full flexion. The displacement, distance, Feret's diameter, and perimeter of the median nerve were calculated and compared between each position. RESULTS Biphasic median nerve motion was observed, with a displacement of 2.84 ± 3.49 mm in the ulnar direction from full-extension to mid-flexion (Phase I) and a further 0.93 ± 3.04 mm from mid-flexion to full flexion (Phase II). Of 49 hands, 37 (75.5%) exhibited ulnar displacement in Phase I while 12 (24.5%) exhibited radial displacement. Feret's diameter (5.95 ± 1.08 mm) and perimeter (13.28 ± 2.09) of the median nerve were greatest in the mid-flexed position. CONCLUSION In a healthy Asian population, the median nerve has a biphasic motion during finger flexion, with maximal deformation in the mid-flexed position.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Goh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 523230, Singapore
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Lee BH, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Jung SW, Kim H, Shin HC, Lee JH, Hwang SH, Kim HC, Nah SY. Preparation of a Monoclonal Antibody against Gintonin and Its Use in an Enzyme Immunoassay. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1631-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University
| | - Seok-Won Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Konkuk University
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Cheongju University
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University
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Lee BH. Effects of NaCl and n-Butanol on the Solubilization of 4-Halogenated Phenols in Aqueous Solution of TTAB. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2014.58.6.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hwang SH, Lee BH, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Jung SW, Kim HS, Shin HC, Park HJ, Park KH, Lee MK, Nah SY. Gintonin, a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, stimulates neurotransmitter release. Neurosci Lett 2014; 584:356-61. [PMID: 25445364 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Gintonin is a novel ginseng-derived G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. Gintonin elicits an intracellular calcium concentration [Ca(2+)]i transient via activation of LPA receptors and regulates calcium-dependent ion channels and receptors. [Ca(2+)]i elevation by neurotransmitters or depolarization is usually coupled to neurotransmitter release in neuronal cells. Little is known about whether gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients are also coupled to neurotransmitter release. The PC12 cell line is derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla and is widely used as a model for catecholamine release. In the present study, we examined the effects of gintonin on dopamine release in PC12 cells. Application of gintonin to PC12 cells induced [Ca(2+)]i transients in concentration-dependent and reversible manners. However, ginsenoside Rg3, another active ingredient of ginseng, induced a lagged and irreversible [Ca(2+)]i increase. The induction of gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients was attenuated or blocked by the LPA1/3 receptor antagonist Ki16425, a phospholipase C inhibitor, an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor antagonist, and an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator. Repeated treatment with gintonin induced homologous desensitization of [Ca(2+)]i transients. Gintonin treatment in PC12 cells increased the release of dopamine in a concentration-dependent manner. Intraperitoneal administration of gintonin to mice also increased serum dopamine concentrations. The present study shows that gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients are coupled to dopamine release via LPA receptor activation. Finally, gintonin-mediated [Ca(2+)]i transients and dopamine release via LPA receptor activation might explain one mechanism of gintonin-mediated inter-neuronal modulation in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Seok-Won Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
| | - Keun Hong Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
| | - Myung Koo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
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Choi SH, Lee BH, Kim HJ, Jung SW, Kim HS, Shin HC, Lee JH, Kim HC, Rhim H, Hwang SH, Ha TS, Kim HJ, Cho H, Nah SY. Ginseng gintonin activates the human cardiac delayed rectifier K+ channel: involvement of Ca2+/calmodulin binding sites. Mol Cells 2014; 37:656-63. [PMID: 25234465 PMCID: PMC4179134 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gintonin, a novel, ginseng-derived G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, elicits [Ca(2+)]i transients in neuronal and non-neuronal cells via pertussis toxin-sensitive and pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins. The slowly activating delayed rectifier K(+) (I(Ks)) channel is a cardiac K(+) channel composed of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 subunits. The C terminus of the KCNQ1 channel protein has two calmodulin-binding sites that are involved in regulating I(Ks) channels. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of gintonin-mediated activation of human I(Ks) channel activity by expressing human I(Ks) channels in Xenopus oocytes. We found that gintonin enhances IKs channel currents in concentration- and voltage-dependent manners. The EC50 for the I(Ks) channel was 0.05 ± 0.01 μg/ml. Gintonin-mediated activation of the I(Ks) channels was blocked by an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, an active phospholipase C inhibitor, an IP3 receptor antagonist, and the calcium chelator BAPTA. Gintonin-mediated activation of both the I(Ks) channel was also blocked by the calmodulin (CaM) blocker calmidazolium. Mutations in the KCNQ1 [Ca(2+)]i/CaM-binding IQ motif sites (S373P, W392R, or R539W)blocked the action of gintonin on I(Ks) channel. However, gintonin had no effect on hERG K(+) channel activity. These results show that gintonin-mediated enhancement of I(Ks) channel currents is achieved through binding of the [Ca(2+)]i/CaM complex to the C terminus of KCNQ1 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Seok-Won Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 360-764, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Health Sciences Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Korea
| | - Tal soo Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu University, Gyeonsan 712-714, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Department of Physiology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Physiology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Nejad JG, Hosseindoust A, Shoae A, Ghorbani B, Lee BH, Oskoueian E, Hajilari D, Amouzmehr A, Lohakare JD, Sung KI. Effects of feeding levels of starter on weaning age, performance, nutrient digestibility and health parameters in holstein dairy calves. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:827-30. [PMID: 25049856 PMCID: PMC4093240 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of feeding four different levels of starter in male Holstein dairy calves, a completely randomized study was conducted, using 28 calves with initial body weight of 40.5±2.4 kg. The animals were fed iso-nitrogenous starter and were weaned when they consumed 350, 500, 650 and 800 g/d of starter for 3 d consecutively. Starter and water were available ad-libitum throughout the experiment. Body weight at pre-weaning (less than 5 wk) and post-weaning (8 wk) was lower in calves that received 350 g/d of starter than in the other treatments (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was the highest among all treatments in pre-weaning period (p<0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) at weaning and total DMI was higher in that calves received 800 g/d of starter compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter were weaned earlier (p<0.05) and showed lower milk consumption (kg, DM) compared with other treatments whereas no significant difference was observed between calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter (p>0.05). Dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibilities were lower in calves that received 350 g/d of starter compared with other treatments (p<0.05). No differences were observed in acid detergent and neutral detergent fiber digestibility among all treatments (p>0.05).Treatments had no significant effect on time of starting rumination, respiratory score, and days of drug administration for pneumonia. There were no meaningful differences in feces, fecal odor scores, body temperature, and days of drug administration for diarrhea among all treatments (p>0.05). Total dry matter intake at the end of experiment showed no significant difference among calves fed 600 and 800 g/d of starter, but calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter showed more dry matter (DM) intake than calves in the 600 and 800 g/d groups (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ghassemi Nejad
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
| | - A Hosseindoust
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
| | - A Shoae
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
| | - B Ghorbani
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
| | - B H Lee
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
| | - E Oskoueian
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
| | - D Hajilari
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
| | - A Amouzmehr
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
| | - J D Lohakare
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
| | - K I Sung
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
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Patel RM, Nagamani SCS, Cuthbertson D, Campeau PM, Krischer JP, Shapiro JR, Steiner RD, Smith PA, Bober MB, Byers PH, Pepin M, Durigova M, Glorieux FH, Rauch F, Lee BH, Hart T, Sutton VR. A cross-sectional multicenter study of osteogenesis imperfecta in North America - results from the linked clinical research centers. Clin Genet 2014; 87:133-40. [PMID: 24754836 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the most common skeletal dysplasia that predisposes to recurrent fractures and bone deformities. In spite of significant advances in understanding the genetic basis of OI, there have been no large-scale natural history studies. To better understand the natural history and improve the care of patients, a network of Linked Clinical Research Centers (LCRC) was established. Subjects with OI were enrolled in a longitudinal study, and in this report, we present cross-sectional data on the largest cohort of OI subjects (n = 544). OI type III subjects had higher prevalence of dentinogenesis imperfecta, severe scoliosis, and long bone deformities as compared to those with OI types I and IV. Whereas the mean lumbar spine area bone mineral density (LS aBMD) was low across all OI subtypes, those with more severe forms had lower bone mass. Molecular testing may help predict the subtype in type I collagen-related OI. Analysis of such well-collected and unbiased data in OI can not only help answering questions that are relevant to patient care but also foster hypothesis-driven research, especially in the context of 'phenotypic expansion' driven by next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Patel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Rosen MA, Sampson JB, Jackson EV, Koka R, Chima AM, Ogbuagu OU, Marx MK, Koroma M, Lee BH. Failure mode and effects analysis of the universal anaesthesia machine in two tertiary care hospitals in Sierra Leone. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113:410-5. [PMID: 24833727 PMCID: PMC4136424 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaesthesia care in developed countries involves sophisticated technology and experienced providers. However, advanced machines may be inoperable or fail frequently when placed into the austere medical environment of a developing country. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a method for engaging local staff in identifying real or potential breakdowns in processes or work systems and to develop strategies to mitigate risks. Methods Nurse anaesthetists from the two tertiary care hospitals in Freetown, Sierra Leone, participated in three sessions moderated by a human factors specialist and an anaesthesiologist. Sessions were audio recorded, and group discussion graphically mapped by the session facilitator for analysis and commentary. These sessions sought to identify potential barriers to implementing an anaesthesia machine designed for austere medical environments—the universal anaesthesia machine (UAM)—and also engaging local nurse anaesthetists in identifying potential solutions to these barriers. Results Participating Sierra Leonean clinicians identified five main categories of failure modes (resource availability, environmental issues, staff knowledge and attitudes, and workload and staffing issues) and four categories of mitigation strategies (resource management plans, engaging and educating stakeholders, peer support for new machine use, and collectively advocating for needed resources). Conclusions We identified factors that may limit the impact of a UAM and devised likely effective strategies for mitigating those risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rosen
- Armstrong Institute of Patient Safety and Quality, JHUSOM, Baltimore, MD, USA Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J B Sampson
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E V Jackson
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA Value Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - R Koka
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A M Chima
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - O U Ogbuagu
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M K Marx
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Koroma
- Department of Surgery, Connaught Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - B H Lee
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (JHUSOM), Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lee BH, Choi SH, Hwang SH, Kim HJ, Lee SM, Kim HC, Rhim H, Nah SY. Effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated ion currents. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 36:812-8. [PMID: 23649337 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenosides is a low molecular weight substance found in ginseng as one of the active ingredients. Ginsenosides, like other herbal medicines, has a wide range of neuropharmacological actions including neuroprotective effects. The α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is one of numerous nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that exists as a heteropentameric form in auditory hair cells of the cochlea. In this study, we report the effects of ginsenosides on rat α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated ion currents using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. Treatment with acetylcholine evoked inward currents (IACh) in oocytes heterologously expressing the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Ginsenosides blocked IACh in order of potency of Rg3> Rb2> CK>Re = Rg2> Rf>Rc> Rb1> Rg1 with reversible manners, and the blocking effect of Rg3 on IACh was same after pre-application than co-application of Rg3. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Rg3 was 39.6 ± 4.9 µm. Rg3-induced IACh inhibition was not affected by acetylcholine concentration and was independent of membrane holding potential. Although the inhibitory effect of Rg3 on IACh was abolished in oocytes expressing α9 subunit alone, indicating that the presence of α10 subunit might be required for Rg3-induced regulations of α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel activity. These results indicate that α10 subunit of α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor might play an important role in Rg3-induced regulation of the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143–701, Korea
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Lee BH. Relationship between the Micellization of TTAB and the Solubilization of p-Bromophenol in TTAB Solution. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2013.57.6.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Choi SH, Lee BH, Kim HJ, Jung SW, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Differential effects of ginsenoside metabolites on slowly activating delayed rectifier K(+) and KCNQ1 K(+) channel currents. J Ginseng Res 2013; 37:324-31. [PMID: 24198658 PMCID: PMC3818959 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2013.37.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Channels formed by the co-assembly of the KCNQ1 subunit and the mink (KCNE1) subunit underline the slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ channels (IKs) in the heart. This K+ channel is one of the main pharmacological targets for the development of drugs against cardiovascular disease. Panax ginseng has been shown to exhibit beneficial cardiovascular effects. In a previous study, we showed that ginsenoside Rg3 activates human KCNQ1 K+ channel currents through interactions with the K318 and V319 residues. However, little is known about the effects of ginsenoside metabolites on KCNQ1 K+ alone or the KCNQ1 + KCNE1 K+ (IKs) channels. In the present study, we examined the effect of protopanaxatriol (PPT) and compound K (CK) on KCNQ1 K+ and IKs channel activity expressed in Xenopus oocytes. PPT more strongly inhibited the IKs channel currents than the currents of KCNQ1 K+ alone in concentration- and voltage-dependent manners. The IC50 values on IKs and KCNQ1 alone currents for PPT were 5.18±0.13 and 10.04±0.17 μM, respectively. PPT caused a leftward shift in the activation curve of IKs channel activity, but minimally affected KCNQ1 alone. CK exhibited slight inhibition on IKs and KCNQ1 alone K+ channel currents. These results indicate that ginsenoside metabolites show limited effects on IKs channel activity, depending on the structure of the ginsenoside metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Cho SY, Yoon YA, Ki CS, Huh HJ, Yoo HW, Lee BH, Kim GH, Yoo JH, Kim SY, Kim SJ, Sohn YB, Park SW, Huh R, Chang MS, Lee J, Kwun Y, Maeng SH, Jin DK. Clinical characterization and molecular classification of 12 Korean patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013; 121:539-45. [PMID: 24127307 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1349867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is defined as resistance toward parathyroid hormones. PHP and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) are rare disorders resulting from genetic and epigenetic aberrations within or upstream of the GNAS locus. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and performed a molecular analysis of PHP and PPHP. METHODS A total of 12 patients with (P)PHP from 11 unrelated families (4 with PHP-Ia, 6 with PHP-Ib, and 2 with PPHP) were characterized using both clinical and molecular methods. Clinical features included the presenting symptoms, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy features, and resistance to hormones. Comprehensive analysis of the GNAS and STX16 loci was undertaken to investigate the molecular defects underlying (P)PHP. RESULTS All PHP-Ib patients displayed hypocalcemic symptoms. All PHP-Ia patients showed resistance toward TSH, in addition to PTH. In most patients with PHP, when the diagnosis of PHP was first established, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia were associated with a significant increase in serum PTH levels. One patient with PHP-Ia was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and showed a good response to human recombinant growth hormone therapy. 6 patients with PHP-Ia and PPHP showed 5 different mutations in the GNAS gene. 5 patients with PHP-Ib displayed a loss of differentially methylated region (DMR) imprints of the maternal GNAS. One PHP-Ib patient showed a de novo microdeletion in STX16 and a loss of methylation of exon A/B on the maternal allele. No patients revealed paternal disomy among 4 patients with PHP-Ib. CONCLUSIONS Identification of the molecular causes of PHP and PPHP explains their distinctive clinical features and enables confirmation of the diagnosis and exact genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hopistal, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
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Kim MT, Rhee KY, Lee BH, Kim CJ. Effect of carbon nanotube addition on the wear behavior of basalt/epoxy woven composites. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:5631-5635. [PMID: 23882807 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acid-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) addition on the wear and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of basalt/epoxy woven composites was investigated in this study. Basalt/CNT/epoxy composites were fabricated by impregnating woven basalt fibers into epoxy resin mixed with 1 wt% CNTs which were acid-treated. Wear and DMA (dynamic mechanical analyzer) tests were performed on basalt/epoxy composites and basalt/CNT/epoxy composites. The results showed that the addition of the acid-treated CNTs improved the wear properties of basalt/epoxy woven composites. Specifically, the friction coefficient of the basalt/epoxy composite was stabilized in the range of 0.5-0.6 while it fell in the range of 0.3-0.4 for basalt/CNT/epoxy composites. The wear volume loss of the basalt/CNT/epoxy composites was approximately 68% lower than that of the basalt/epoxy composites. The results also showed that the glass transition temperature of basalt/CNT/epoxy composites was higher than that of basalt/epoxy composites. The improvement of wear properties of basalt/epoxy composites by the addition of acid-treated CNTs was caused by the homogeneous load transfer between basalt fibers and epoxy matrix due to the reinforcement of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Kim
- Department of R&D, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute, Gumi 730-853, Korea
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50
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Sule G, Campeau PM, Zhang VW, Nagamani SCS, Dawson BC, Grover M, Bacino CA, Sutton VR, Brunetti-Pierri N, Lu JT, Lemire E, Gibbs RA, Cohn DH, Cui H, Wong LJ, Lee BH. Next-generation sequencing for disorders of low and high bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2253-9. [PMID: 23443412 PMCID: PMC3709009 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To achieve an efficient molecular diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), and osteopetrosis (OPT), we designed a next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform to sequence 34 genes. We validated this platform on known cases and have successfully identified the causative mutation in most patients without a prior molecular diagnosis. INTRODUCTION Osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and osteopetrosis are collectively common inherited skeletal diseases. Evaluation of subjects with these conditions often includes molecular testing which has important counseling and therapeutic and sometimes legal implications. Since several different genes have been implicated in these conditions, Sanger sequencing of each gene can be a prohibitively expensive and time-consuming way to reach a molecular diagnosis. METHODS In order to circumvent these problems, we have designed and tested a NGS platform that would allow simultaneous sequencing on a single diagnostic platform of different genes implicated in OI, OPT, EDS, and other inherited conditions, leading to low or high bone mineral density. We used a liquid-phase probe library that captures 602 exons (~100 kb) of 34 selected genes and have applied it to test clinical samples from patients with bone disorders. RESULTS NGS of the captured exons by Illumina HiSeq 2000 resulted in an average coverage of over 900X. The platform was successfully validated by identifying mutations in six patients with known mutations. Moreover, in four patients with OI or OPT without a prior molecular diagnosis, the assay was able to detect the causative mutations. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our NGS panel provides a fast and accurate method to arrive at a molecular diagnosis in most patients with inherited high or low bone mineral density disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sule
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, R814, MS225, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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