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Li Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yao C, Yu S, Qu J, Chen G, Wei H. Combined effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and lipopolysaccharide on testosterone biosynthesis and inflammation in mouse testis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116180. [PMID: 38458071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs)/nanoplastics (NPs), as a source and vector of pathogenic bacteria, are widely distributed in the natural environments. Here, we investigated the combined effects of polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on testicular function in mice for the first time. 24 male mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups, control, PS-NPs, LPS, and PS-NPs + LPS, respectively. Histological alterations of the testes were observed in mice exposed to PS-NPs, LPS or PS-NPs + LPS. Total sperm count, the levels of testosterone in plasma and testes, the expression levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) decreased more remarkable in testes of mice treated with PS-NPs and LPS than the treatment with LPS or PS-NPs alone. Compared with PS-NPs treatment, LPS treatment induced more sever inflammatory response in testes of mice. Moreover, PS-NPs combined with LPS treatment increased the expression of these inflammatory factors more significantly than LPS treatment alone. In addition, PS-NPs or LPS treatment induced oxidative stress in testes of mice, but their combined effect is not significantly different from LPS treatment alone. These results suggest that PS-NPs exacerbate LPS-induced testicular dysfunction. Our results provide new evidence for the threats to male reproductive function induced by both NPs and bacterial infection in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China; Wujiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215299, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Chenjuan Yao
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima-Shi, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China.
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, College of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China.
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2
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Shen M, Chen Y, Tang W, Ming M, Tian Y, Ding F, Wu H, Ji Y. Semaphorin 3E promote Schwann cell proliferation and migration. Exp Cell Res 2022; 412:113019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Tan ZX, Fu L, Wang WJ, Zhan P, Zhao H, Wang H, Xu DX. Serum CYR61 Is Associated With Airway Inflammation and Is a Potential Biomarker for Severity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:781596. [PMID: 34917638 PMCID: PMC8669148 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.781596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61) and inflammation was upregulated in the lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the association between CYR61 and inflammation was unclear in COPD patients. This study aimed to analyze the association of serum CYR61 with pulmonary inflammation and lung function indexes in COPD patients. Methods: One hundred and fifty COPD patients and 150 control subjects were enrolled. Serum and pulmonary CYR61 was detected. Lung function indexes were evaluated in COPD patients. Results: Serum CYR61 level was elevated and pulmonary CYR61 expression was upregulated in COPD patients. An increased CYR61 was associated with decreased pulmonary function indexes in COPD patients. Further analyses showed that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65-positive nuclei was elevated in the lungs of COPD patients with high level of CYR61. Accordingly, serum monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), two downstream inflammatory cytokines of NF-κB pathway, were increased in parallel with CYR61, among which serum MCP-1 and TNF-α were the highest in COPD patients with high level of CYR61. Moreover, a positive correlation, determined by multivariate regression that excluded the influence of age, gender and smoking, was observed between serum CYR61 and inflammatory cytokines in COPD patients. Conclusion: These results provide evidence that an increased CYR61 is associated with pulmonary inflammation and COPD progression. Inflammatory cytokines may be the mediators between CYR61 elevation and COPD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Xia Tan
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Huang ZM, Wang H, Ji ZG. Bladder mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomal miRNA-217 modulates bladder cancer cell survival through Hippo-YAP pathway. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:959-969. [PMID: 34390377 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor cell-derived exosomes regulate recipient cell functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of human normal bladder stromal cell (hBSC) derived exosomal miR-217 on bladder cell cancer proliferation and migration. METHODS Human BSCs were transfected with miR-217 mimic or inhibitor and hBSC-derived exosomes were isolated. Human bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and 5367) were co-cultured with hBSC-derived exosomal miR-217 mimic or inhibitor. Proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of the bladder cancer cells were assessed by Edu assay, Transwell migration assay, and Annexin V assay. RESULTS Expression of miR-217 was significantly higher in the T24 and 5367 cell lines (P < 0.01). Exosomal miR-217 mimic enhanced proliferation and migration of T24 and 5367 cells, but inhibited apoptosis of the cells (P < 0.01); in contrast, exosomal miR-217 inhibitor suppressed proliferation and migration but stimulated apoptosis of the two cancer cell lines (P < 0.01). Moreover, exosomal miR-217 mimic stimulated YAP and its target proteins including Cyr61, CTGF, and ANKRD1 (P < 0.01), and in contrast, exosomal miR-217 inhibitor suppressed YAP and its target proteins (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings suggested that hBSC-derived exosomal miR-217 may act as oncogene in bladder cancer cells, and that Hippo-YAP signaling pathway maybe the target for miR-217 in the bladder cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ming Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Candelotti E, De Luca R, Megna R, Maiolo M, De Vito P, Gionfra F, Percario ZA, Borgatti M, Gambari R, Davis PJ, Lin HY, Polticelli F, Persichini T, Colasanti M, Affabris E, Pedersen JZ, Incerpi S. Inhibition by Thyroid Hormones of Cell Migration Activated by IGF-1 and MCP-1 in THP-1 Monocytes: Focus on Signal Transduction Events Proximal to Integrin αvβ3. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651492. [PMID: 33898447 PMCID: PMC8060509 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between thyroid hormones and the immune system is reported in the literature. Thyroid hormones, thyroxine, T4, but also T3, act non-genomically through mechanisms that involve a plasma membrane receptor αvβ3 integrin, a co-receptor for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Previous data from our laboratory show a crosstalk between thyroid hormones and IGF-1 because thyroid hormones inhibit the IGF-1-stimulated glucose uptake and cell proliferation in L-6 myoblasts, and the effects are mediated by integrin αvβ3. IGF-1 also behaves as a chemokine, being an important factor for tissue regeneration after damage. In the present study, using THP-1 human leukemic monocytes, expressing αvβ3 integrin in their cell membrane, we focused on the crosstalk between thyroid hormones and either IGF-1 or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), studying cell migration and proliferation stimulated by the two chemokines, and the role of αvβ3 integrin, using inhibitors of αvβ3 integrin and downstream pathways. Our results show that IGF-1 is a potent chemoattractant in THP-1 monocytes, stimulating cell migration, and thyroid hormone inhibits the effect through αvβ3 integrin. Thyroid hormone also inhibits IGF-1-stimulated cell proliferation through αvβ3 integrin, an example of a crosstalk between genomic and non-genomic effects. We also studied the effects of thyroid hormone on cell migration and proliferation induced by MCP-1, together with the pathways involved, by a pharmacological approach and docking simulation. Our findings show a different downstream signaling for IGF-1 and MCP-1 in THP-1 monocytes mediated by the plasma membrane receptor of thyroid hormones, integrin αvβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Roberto Megna
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo De Vito
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Gionfra
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paul J Davis
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States.,Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Targeting RGD-binding integrins as an integrative therapy for diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 85:100966. [PMID: 33775825 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a class of transmembrane receptors that are involved in a wide range of biological functions. Dysregulation of integrins has been implicated in many pathological processes and consequently, they are attractive therapeutic targets. In the ophthalmology arena, there is extensive evidence suggesting that integrins play an important role in diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, dry eye disease and retinal vein occlusion. For example, there is extensive evidence that arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (Arg-Gly-Asp; RGD)-binding integrins are involved in key disease hallmarks of DR and neovascular AMD (nvAMD), specifically inflammation, vascular leakage, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Based on such evidence, drugs that engage integrin-linked pathways have received attention for their potential to block all these vision-threatening pathways. This review focuses on the pathophysiological role that RGD-binding integrins can have in complex multifactorial retinal disorders like DR, diabetic macular edema (DME) and nvAMD, which are leading causes of blindness in developed countries. Special emphasis will be given on how RGD-binding integrins can modulate the intricate molecular pathways and regulate the underlying pathological mechanisms. For instance, the interplay between integrins and key molecular players such as growth factors, cytokines and enzymes will be summarized. In addition, recent clinical advances linked to targeting RGD-binding integrins in the context of DME and nvAMD will be discussed alongside future potential for limiting progression of these diseases.
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Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitor Inhibits the Oxidative Damage Induced by Central Venous Catheter via Abolishing Focal Adhesion Kinase-Protein Kinase B Pathway Activation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6685493. [PMID: 33748278 PMCID: PMC7943296 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6685493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The vascular injury induced by central venous catheter (CVC) indwelling is the basis for the occurrence and development of CVC-related complications, such as phlebitis, venous thrombosis, and catheter-related infections. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and FAK-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway are of great significance in tissue repair after trauma. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of the FAK inhibitor (1,2,4,5-phenyltetramine tetrahydrochloride (Y15)) in oxidative damage caused by CVC. EA.hy926 cells were divided into the control group (normal control), CVCs+scratches group (the intercepted CVC segments coculturing with scratched EA.hy926 cells), and CVCs+scratches+Y15 group (Y15 was added to the cell culture supernatant with CVCs + scratches at a final concentration of 50 μmol·L−1). New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the control group (normal control), CVC group (CVC was inserted through the rabbit's right jugular vein to the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava), and CVC+Y15 group (CVC was immersed in a 50 μmol·L−1 Y15 solutions before insertion). The levels of markers and proteins related to oxidative damage in cells, cell culture supernatant, serum, and external jugular vein were measured by commercial kits and western blot, respectively. We found that Y15 treatment significantly decreased ROS and MDA levels and increased cell viability, NO, and SOD levels in a time-dependent manner in rabbit serum and cell culture supernatant. In addition, Y15 effectively reduced the CVC-induced pathological changes of damaged vascular tissues. Y15 also downregulated the levels of p-FAK Tyr 397 and p-Akt Ser 473 in damaged external jugular vein and EA.hy926 cells. These findings suggest that Y15 alleviated CVC-induced oxidative damage to blood vessels by suppressing focal FAK-Akt pathway activation.
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8
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Simvastatin Inhibits CYR61 Expression in Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves' Ophthalmopathy through the Regulation of FoxO3a Signaling. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:8888913. [PMID: 33542676 PMCID: PMC7843182 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8888913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), which is characterized by orbital tissue inflammation, expansion, and fibrosis, is the ocular manifestation in 25% to 50% of patients with Graves' disease. As the pathology of GO is driven by autoimmune inflammation, many proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL20, are crucial in the pathogenesis of GO to activate the orbital fibroblasts. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61), which is known to regulate cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration, plays a proinflammatory role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. CYR61 was considered a potential biomarker of GO in recent studies. Statins, which are cholesterol-lowering drugs, were found to reduce the risk of GO, probably through their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we established a link between CYR61 and statins in the pathogenesis and potential treatment for GO. Firstly, our data showed the overexpression of CYR61 in the orbital tissue (n = 4) and serum specimens (n = 6) obtained from the patients with inactive GO. CYR61 could induce the production of IL-6 and CCL20 in cultured GO orbital fibroblasts. The expression of CYR61 in cultured GO orbital fibroblasts was upregulated via TNF-α stimulation. Secondly, we pretreated cultured GO orbital fibroblasts using simvastatin, a statin, followed by TNF-α stimulation. The data revealed that simvastatin could inhibit TNF-α-induced CYR61 expression by modulating the activity of transcription factor FoxO3a. Our results provided insights into some cellular mechanisms that may explain the possible protective effects of simvastatin against the development of GO.
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Wu SP, Wang N, Zhao L. Network Pharmacology Reveals the Mechanism of Activity of Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction Extract Against Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:572624. [PMID: 33519437 PMCID: PMC7844429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.572624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical therapies such as tissue repair by replacing injured tissues with functional ones have been reported; however, there is great potential for exploring traditional herbal-induced regeneration with good safety. Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction (TQHXD), a well-known classical traditional Chinese medicinal formula, has been widely used for clinical treatment of stroke. However, biological activity and mechanisms of action of its constituents toward conferring protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remain unclear. In this present study, we evaluated TQHXD quality using HPLC; then, it was screened for its potential active ingredients using a series of indices, such as their drug-likeness and oral bioavailability. Subsequently, we analyzed the potential mechanisms of TQHXD anti-I/R using gene ontology functional enrichment analyses. The network pharmacological approach enabled us to screen 265 common targets associated with I/R, indicating that TQHXD had remarkable protective effects on infarction volume, neurological function scores, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury. In addition, TQHXD significantly promoted the recovery of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) 7 days after reperfusion compared to rats in the vehicle group. Immunofluorescence results revealed a significantly higher CD34 expression in TQHXD-treated rats 7 days after reperfusion. TQHXD is not merely effective but eventually develops a secretory profile composed of VEGF and cerebral blood flow, a typical signature termed the angiogenesis-associated phenotype. Mechanistically, our data revealed that TQHXD (6 g/kg) treatment resulted in a marked increase in expression of p-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and p-Paxillin proteins. However, Ki8751-mediated inhibition of VEGFR2 activity repealed its angiogenesis and protective effects and decreased both p-FAK and p-Paxillin protein levels. Taken together, these findings affirmed the potential of TQHXD as a drug for the management of stroke, which might be exerted by increasing the angiogenesis via the VEGF pathway. Therefore, these results provide proof-of-concept evidence that angiogenesis is a major contributor to TQHXD-treated I/R and that TQHXD is a promising traditional ethnic medicine for the management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Peng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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10
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Hsu YJ, Lin CW, Cho SL, Yang WS, Yang CM, Yang CH. Protective Effect of Fenofibrate on Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Retinal-Choroidal Vascular Endothelial Cells: Implication for Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080712. [PMID: 32764528 PMCID: PMC7464418 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of blindness in developed countries. Two large clinical studies showed that fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type α (PPAR-α) agonist, reduces DR progression. We evaluated the protective effects of fenofibrate on retinal/choroidal vascular endothelial cells under oxidative stress and investigated the underlying mechanisms using RF/6A cells as the model system and paraquat (PQ) to induce oxidative stress. Pretreatment with fenofibrate suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreased cellular apoptosis, diminished the changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, increased the mRNA levels of peroxiredoxin (Prx), thioredoxins (Trxs), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-xl, and reduced the level of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax) in PQ-stimulated RF/6A cells. Western blot analysis revealed that fenofibrate repressed apoptosis through cytosolic and mitochondrial apoptosis signal-regulated kinase-1 (Ask)-Trx-related signaling pathways, including c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage. These protective effects of fenofibrate on RF/6A cells may be attributable to its anti-oxidative ability. Our research suggests that fenofibrate could serve as an effective adjunct therapy for ocular oxidative stress-related disorders, such as DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-J.H.); (C.-W.L.); (W.-S.Y.)
| | - Chao-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-J.H.); (C.-W.L.); (W.-S.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Li Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Shiung Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (Y.-J.H.); (C.-W.L.); (W.-S.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 63193)
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Lee TJ, Nair M, Banasavadi-Siddegowda Y, Liu J, Nallanagulagari T, Jaime-Ramirez AC, Guo JY, Quadri H, Zhang J, Bockhorst KH, Aghi MK, Carbonell WS, Kaur B, Yoo JY. Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus-1 with Integrin β1 Blocking Antibody OS2966. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1127-1136. [PMID: 30926634 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrin β1 receptor, expressed on the surface of tumor cells and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME), has been implicated in both tumor progression and resistance to multiple modalities of therapy. OS2966 is the first clinical-ready humanized monoclonal antibody to block integrin β1 and was recently orphan designated by the FDA Office of Orphan Products Development. Here, we tested therapeutic potential of OS2966-mediated integrin β1 blockade to enhance the efficacy of oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV) through evaluation of virus replication, tumor cell killing efficiency, effect on the antiviral signaling pathway, co-culture assays of oHSV-infected cells with macrophages, and in vivo bioluminescence imaging on mammary fat pad triple-negative breast cancer xenograft and subcutaneous and intracranial glioma xenografts. OS2966 treatment decreased interferon signaling and proinflammatory cytokine induction in oHSV-treated tumor cells and inhibited migration of macrophages, resulting in enhanced oHSV replication and cytotoxicity. OS2966 treatment also significantly enhanced oHSV replication and oHSV-mediated antitumor efficacy in orthotopic xenograft models, including triple-negative breast cancer and glioblastoma. The results demonstrated the synergistic potential of the combinatory treatment approach with OS2966 to improve antitumor efficacy of conventional oHSV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Lee
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mitra Nair
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yeshavanth Banasavadi-Siddegowda
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tejaswini Nallanagulagari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Biochemistry and Microbiology Majors, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alena Cristina Jaime-Ramirez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Yunhua Guo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Biology Major, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kurt H Bockhorst
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Manish K Aghi
- University of California at San Francisco, California
| | | | - Balveen Kaur
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- The Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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Zhao J, Chen H, Wei J, Jim Leu S, Lee T. CCN family member 1 deregulates cholesterol metabolism and aggravates atherosclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13209. [PMID: 30347516 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM CCN family member 1 (CCN1) is an extracellular matrix cytokine and appears in atherosclerotic lesions. However, we have no evidence to support the role of CCN1 in regulating cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis. METHODS Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/- ) mice were used as in vivo model. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced macrophage-foam cells were used as in vitro model. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used for evaluating gene and protein expression, respectively. Conventional assay kits were used for assessing the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and cytokines. RESULTS We show predominant expression of CCN1 in foamy macrophages in atherosclerotic aortas of apoE-/- mice. In apoE-/- mice, CCN1 treatment worsened hyperlipidaemia, systemic inflammation, and the progression of atherosclerosis. In addition, CCN1 decreased the capacity of reverse cholesterol transport and downregulated the protein expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1 in atherosclerotic aortas. Notably, CCN1 decreased the protein expression of cholesterol clearance-related proteins, including ABCG5, ABCG8, liver X receptor α (LXRα), cholesterol 7α-hydrolase and LDL receptor in liver, and exacerbated hepatic lipid accumulation. In macrophages, treatment with oxLDL increased CCN1 expression. Inhibition of CCN1 activity by neutralizing antibody or small interfering RNA attenuated the oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation. In contrast, cotreatment with CCN1 or overexpression of CCN1 augmented oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation by impairing apolipoprotein AI- and high-density lipoprotein-dependent cholesterol efflux, which was attributed to downregulation of LXRα-dependent expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CCN1 plays a pivotal role in regulating cholesterol metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Feng Zhao
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit University of Dundee Dundee UK
- Department of Physiology National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsiang‐Ying Chen
- Department of Physiology National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jeng Wei
- Heart Center Cheng‐Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shr‐Jeng Jim Leu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tzong‐Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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13
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Taghavi Y, Hassanshahi G, Kounis NG, Koniari I, Khorramdelazad H. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in diabetic retinopathy: latest evidence and clinical considerations. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:451-462. [PMID: 30607767 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-00500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered as a diabetes-related complication that can render severe visual impairments and is also a risk factor for acquired blindness in both developed as well as developing countries. Through fibrovascular epiretinal membranes (ERMs), this condition can similarly lead to tractional retinal detachment. Laboratory efforts evaluating the DR pathogenesis can be provided by ocular vitreous fluid and ERMs resulting from vitrectomy. The clinical stages of DR are significantly associated with expression levels of certain chemokines, including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the intraocular fluid. The MCP-1 is also a known potent chemotactic factor for monocytes and macrophages that can stimulate them to produce superoxide and other mediators. Following hyperglycemia, retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells, endothelial cells, and Müller's glial cells are of utmost importance for MCP-1 production, and vitreous MCP-1 levels rise in patients with DR. Increased expression of the MCP-1 in the eyes can also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of DR. In this review, current clinical and laboratory progress achieved on the MCP-1 and the DR concerning neovascularization and inflammatory responses in vitreous and/or aqueous humor of DR patients was summarized. It was suggested that further exploration of the MCP-1/CCR2 axis association between clinical stages of DR and expression levels of inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines and chemokines, principally the MCP-1 might lead to potential therapies aiming at neutralizing antibodies and viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousof Taghavi
- Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nicholas G Kounis
- Department of Cardiology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Achaia, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koniari
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, England
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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14
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Zhang L, Fu X, Zeng H, Wang JH, Peng Y, Zhao H, Zou J, Zhang L, Li Y, Yoshida S, Zhou Y. Microarray Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Messenger RNAs in a Mouse Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:537-547. [PMID: 31171905 PMCID: PMC6535665 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.31274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Retinal neovascularization is a severe complication of many ocular diseases. To clarify the possible functions and therapeutic potential of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in retinal neovascularization, we assessed their expression profile in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods: Microarray analysis was performed to identify altered lncRNA and mRNA expressions between OIR and control mice. The microarray results were validated by qRT-PCR. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were conducted to determine biological functions and signaling pathways of the altered or interacted mRNAs. A coding-non-coding gene co-expression (CNC) network was constructed to identify the interaction of lncRNAs and mRNAs. Results: We identified 198 up-regulated and 175 down-regulated lncRNAs (fold change≥2.0, P<0.05), respectively in OIR mice compared to control mice. We also identified 412 up-regulated and 127 down-regulated mRNAs (fold change≥2.0, P<0.05), respectively in OIR mice compared to control mice. GO and KEGG analyses suggested that altered mRNAs were enriched in immune system process, exopeptidase activity, ECM-receptor interaction and protein digestion and absorption. Four validated lncRNAs (ENSMUST00000165968, ENSMUST00000153785, ENSMUST00000134409, and ENSMUST00000154285) and the nearby coding gene pairs were analyzed. A CNC network profile based on those validated altered lncRNAs as well as 410 interacted mRNAs was composed of 509 connections. Moreover, the GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that these interacted mRNAs mainly enriched in blood vessel development, angiogenesis, cell adhesion molecules and leukocyte transendothelial migration pathways. Conclusion: Our data highlight the utility of altered lncRNA and mRNA profiling in understanding the pathogenesis of ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization and further suggest that therapeutic potential of altered lncRNA for retinal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaolin Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou, Hainan 571799, China
| | - Huilan Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yingqian Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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15
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Chang M, Guo F, Zhou Z, Huang X, Yi L, Dou Y, Huan J. HBP induces the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 via the FAK/PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathways in vascular endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2017; 43:85-94. [PMID: 29288710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is characterized by early influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), followed by a second wave of monocyte recruitment. PMNs mediate monocyte recruitment via their release of heparin binding protein (HBP), which activates CCR2 (CC-chemokine receptor 2) on monocytes. However, the pathways for such signal transmission remain unknown. Accumulating evidences have highlighted the importance of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the initiation of inflammation. In this study, an interesting finding is that HBP enhances the secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1), ligand of CCR2, from a third party, the endothelial cells (ECs). HBP-induced increase in MCP-1 production was demonstrated at the protein, mRNA and secretion levels. Exposure of ECs to HBP elicited rapid phosphorylation of FAK/PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling. MCP-1 levels were attenuated during the response to HBP stimulation by pretreatment with a FAK inhibitor (or siRNA), a PI3K inhibitor, an AKT inhibitor, a p38 inhibitor (or siRNA) and two NF-κB inhibitors. Additionally, pretreatment with inhibitors to FAK, PI3K and AKT led to a decrease in HBP-induced phosphorylation of p38/NF-κB axis. These results showed that HBP induced MCP-1 expression via a sequential activation of the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway and p38 MAPK/NF-κB axis. Interestingly, the patterns of HBP regulation of the expression of the adhesion molecular VCAM-1 were similar to those seen in MCP-1 after pretreatment with inhibitors (or not). These findings may help to determine key pharmacological points of intervention, thus slowing the progress of inflammatory-mediated responses in certain diseases where inflammation is detrimental to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Chang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengding Zhou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fudan University, School of Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Dou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingning Huan
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Yan J, Lai CH, Lung SCC, Chen C, Wang WC, Huang PI, Lin CH. Industrial PM 2.5 cause pulmonary adverse effect through RhoA/ROCK pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1658-1666. [PMID: 28535594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
According to the Chinese Ministry of Health, industrial pollution-induced health impacts have been the leading cause of death in China. While industrial fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with adverse health effects, the major action mechanisms of different compositions of PM2.5 are currently unclear. In this study, we treated normal human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells with industrial organic and water-soluble PM2.5 extracts under daily alveolar deposition dose to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying adverse pulmonary effects induced by PM2.5, including oxidative damage, inflammatory response, lung epithelial barrier dysfunction, and the recruitment of macrophages. We found that water-soluble PM2.5 extracts caused more severe cytotoxic effects on BEAS-2B cells compared with that of organic extracts. Both organic and water-soluble PM2.5 extracts induced activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Inflammatory response, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and the activation of NF-кB caused by both PM2.5 extracts were attenuated by ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. This indicated that both PM2.5 extracts could cause damage to epithelial cells through RhoA/ROCK-dependent NF-кB activation. Furthermore, the upregulation of macrophage adhesion induced by both PM2.5 extracts was also attenuated by Y-27632 in a co-culture model of macrophages and the epithelial cells. Therefore, our results support that industrial PM2.5 extracts-induced activation of the RhoA/ROCK-dependent NF-кB pathway induces pulmonary adverse effect. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of ROCK activation might have therapeutic potential in preventing lung disease associated with PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chia-Hsiang Lai
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan
| | | | - Chongjun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Wang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pin-I Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63208, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63208, Taiwan.
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17
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Sun L, Huang T, Xu W, Sun J, Lv Y, Wang Y. Advanced glycation end products promote VEGF expression and thus choroidal neovascularization via Cyr61-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14925. [PMID: 29097668 PMCID: PMC5668426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) causes severe vision loss among old patients, especially those with diabetes. Previously, Cyr61 has been found to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of both AMD and diabetes. In the present study, we found that increased CNV severity together with higher expression of Cyr61 and VEGF in diabetes mice compared with control mice. Moreover, knockdown of Cyr61 decreased CNV severity. In vitro mechanism study revealed that the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) significantly increased the expression of Cyr61 in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, mimicking the effects of diabetes. In turn, the increased Cyr61 enhanced VEGF expression through FAK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Chemically blocking the above pathway significantly inhibited CNV formation, providing a new strategy for clinical prevention and treatment of CNV in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Eye Institute of Chinese PLA and Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tonglie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wenqin Xu
- Eye Institute of Chinese PLA and Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Eye Institute of Chinese PLA and Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Eye Institute of Chinese PLA and Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Eye Institute of Chinese PLA and Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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18
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Yang R, Chen Y, Chen D. Biological functions and role of CCN1/Cyr61 in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis in the female reproductive system (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3-10. [PMID: 29115499 PMCID: PMC5780141 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CCN1/Cyr61) is a prompt response transcription product activated by growth factors. As a member of the CCN family, it mediates cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion and synthesis of the extracellular matrix by binding directly to the integrins and heparin sulfate proteoglycans or activating multiple signaling transduction pathways. It has previously been demonstrated that CCN1/Cyr61 exhibits an important role in the female reproductive system during embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, the functions of CCN1/Cyr61 in the female reproductive system have not been systematically investigated, therefore, the primary aim of the present review is to introduce the role and function of CCN1/Cyr61 in the female reproductive system. The current review presents the molecular structure and biological function of CCN1/Cyr61 and provides detailed data on its expression pattern and contribution to the female reproductive system, including the role in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
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19
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Cho YR, Park K, Kang JS, Byun HW, Oh JS, Seo DW, Ahn EK. Trigonostemon reidioides modulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation via downregulation of the Akt signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4677-4683. [PMID: 29085467 PMCID: PMC5649608 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigonostemon reidi`oides (TR) is used as a Thai traditional medicine for the treatment of drug addiction, asthma, food poisoning, constipation and snake bites. The present study investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of the ethanolic extract of TR (ETR) on mitogen-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) responses, proliferation, adhesion, migration and tube formation. ETR treatment inhibited mitogen-induced HUVEC proliferation by downregulation of cell cycle-associated proteins, including cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, which induced retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation. The present study also demonstrated that ETR treatment suppressed mitogen-induced HUVEC adhesion, migration, invasion and tube formation, and that these anti-angiogenic activities were mediated by inactivation of mitogen-induced Akt and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, but not of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase or MMP-9. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested pharmacological functions and molecular mechanisms of ETR in regulating endothelial cell fates, and supported further evaluation and development of ETR as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of angiogenesis-associated diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Rak Cho
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Shin Kang
- Biological Genetic Resources Utilization Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Seo, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Woo Byun
- Biological Genetic Resources Utilization Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Seo, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Joa Sub Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheong 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Seo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheong 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Ahn
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Republic of Korea
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20
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Luna G, Lewis GP, Linberg KA, Chang B, Hu Q, Munson PJ, Maminishkis A, Miller SS, Fisher SK. Anatomical and Gene Expression Changes in the Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Atrophy 1 (rpea1) Mouse: A Potential Model of Serous Retinal Detachment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:4641-54. [PMID: 27603725 PMCID: PMC5113314 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-19044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the rpea1 mouse whose retina spontaneously detaches from the underlying RPE as a potential model for studying the cellular effects of serous retinal detachment (SRD). Methods Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed immediately prior to euthanasia; retinal tissue was subsequently prepared for Western blotting, microarray analysis, immunocytochemistry, and light and electron microscopy (LM, EM). Results By postnatal day (P) 30, OCT, LM, and EM revealed the presence of small shallow detachments that increased in number and size over time. By P60 in regions of detachment, there was a dramatic loss of PNA binding around cones in the interphotoreceptor matrix and a concomitant increase in labeling of the outer nuclear layer and rod synaptic terminals. Retinal pigment epithelium wholemounts revealed a patchy loss in immunolabeling for both ezrin and aquaporin 1. Anti-ezrin labeling was lost from small regions of the RPE apical surface underlying detachments at P30. Labeling for tight-junction proteins provided a regular array of profiles outlining the periphery of RPE cells in wild-type tissue, however, this pattern was disrupted in the mutant as early as P30. Microarray analysis revealed a broad range of changes in genes involved in metabolism, signaling, cell polarity, and tight-junction organization. Conclusions These data indicate changes in this mutant mouse that may provide clues to the underlying mechanisms of SRD in humans. Importantly, these changes include the production of multiple spontaneous detachments without the presence of a retinal tear or significant degeneration of outer segments, changes in the expression of proteins involved in adhesion and fluid transport, and a disrupted organization of RPE tight junctions that may contribute to the formation of focal detachments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Luna
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States 2Center for Bio-Image Informatics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Geoffrey P Lewis
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States 2Center for Bio-Image Informatics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Kenneth A Linberg
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Bo Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
| | - Quiri Hu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Peter J Munson
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Arvydas Maminishkis
- The National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Sheldon S Miller
- The National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Steven K Fisher
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States 2Center for Bio-Image Informatics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States 6Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States
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21
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Shi Y, Vanhoutte PM. Macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. J Diabetes 2017; 9:434-449. [PMID: 28044409 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, as well as their major products nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin, play a key role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction is a critical and initiating factor in the genesis of diabetic vascular complications. The present review focuses on both large blood vessels and the microvasculature. The endothelial dysfunction in diabetic macrovascular complications is characterized by reduced NO bioavailability, poorly compensated for by increased production of prostacyclin and/or endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, and increased production or action of endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors. The endothelial dysfunction of microvascular complications is primarily characterized by decreased release of NO, enhanced oxidative stress, increased production of inflammatory factors, abnormal angiogenesis, and impaired endothelial repair. In addition, non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) have emerged as participating in numerous cellular processes. Thus, this reviews pays special attention to microRNAs and their modulatory role in diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. Some therapeutic strategies for preventing and restoring diabetic endothelial dysfunction are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Shanghai Key Laboratory of organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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22
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Di Y, Zhang Y, Hui L, Yang H, Yang Y, Wang A, Chen X. Cysteine‑rich 61 RNA interference inhibits pathological angiogenesis via the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/Akt‑vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4321-4327. [PMID: 27666419 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key factor in the pathogenesis of angiogenesis, and cysteine‑rich 61 (CCN1), an angiogenic factor, is involved in the development of pathological angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of CCN1 RNA interference (RNAi)‑induced inhibition of hypoxia‑induced pathological angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured under hypoxic conditions in vitro. The effects of inhibiting phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling using LY294002 were investigated in hypoxic HUVECs. The proliferation and apoptosis of HUVECs under hypoxia were assessed using CCN1 RNAi. The CCN1‑PI3K/Akt‑vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway was analyzed under hypoxic conditions using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. CCN1 RNAi inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of the HUVECs under hypoxia, with hypoxia significantly increasing the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, Akt and VEGF. By contrast, CCN1 RNAi reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, Akt and VEGF in the HUVECs (P<0.05). Furthermore, LY294002 reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1 in the hypoxic cells (P<0.05). These data indicated that CCN1 inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation in HUVECs. Therefore, CCN1 RNAi may offer a novel therapeutic strategy, which may aid in the treatment of pathological angiogenesis via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt‑VEGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yiou Zhang
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Linping Hui
- Laboratory Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Tolentino MS, Tolentino AJ, Tolentino MJ. Current and investigational drugs for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1011-22. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1201062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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24
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Pen Y, Borovok N, Reichenstein M, Sheinin A, Michaelevski I. Membrane-tethered AKT kinase regulates basal synaptic transmission and early phase LTP expression by modulation of post-synaptic AMPA receptor level. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1149-67. [PMID: 27068236 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT/PKB plays a fundamental role in a wide variety of neuronal functions, including neuronal cell development, axonal growth, and synaptic plasticity. Multiple evidence link AKT signaling pathways to regulation of late phase long-term synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, and spinogenesis, as well as long-term memory formation. Nevertheless, the downstream effectors mediating the effects of AKT on early phase long-term potentiation (eLTP) are currently unknown. Here we report that using different regimes of pharmacological activation and inhibition of AKT activity in acute hippocampal slices, we found that AKT regulates the post-synaptic expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA) receptors affecting solely the expression of eLTP, with no effect on its induction and maintenance. We further show that both maintenance of basal synaptic activity and expression of eLTP require plasma membrane tethering by activated AKT and that basal synaptic activity may be regulated via the direct effects of AKT1 on the expression level of post-synaptic AMPA receptors bypassing the canonical AKT signaling. Finally, we establish that eLTP expression requires the involvement of both the canonical AKT signaling pathways and the direct effect of AKT1 on AMPA receptor activity/expression in the post-synaptic membrane. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - N Borovok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M Reichenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - A Sheinin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - I Michaelevski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Roseweir AK, Qayyum T, Lim Z, Hammond R, MacDonald AI, Fraser S, Oades GM, Aitchison M, Jones RJ, Edwards J. Nuclear expression of Lyn, a Src family kinase member, is associated with poor prognosis in renal cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:229. [PMID: 26984511 PMCID: PMC4794832 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 8000 cases of renal cancer are diagnosed each year in the UK, with a five-year survival rate of 50 %. Treatment options are limited; a potential therapeutic target is the Src family kinases (SFKs). SFKs have roles in multiple oncogenic processes and promote metastases in solid tumours. The aim of this study was to investigate SFKs as potential therapeutic targets for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods SFKs expression was assessed in a tissue microarray consisting of 192 ccRCC patients with full clinical follow-up. SFK inhibitors, dasatinib and saracatinib, were assessed in early ccRCC cell lines, 786-O and 769-P and a metastatic ccRCC cell line, ACHN (± Src) for effects on protein expression, apoptosis, proliferation and wound healing. Results High nuclear expression of Lyn and the downstream marker of activation, paxillin, were associated with decreased patient survival. Conversely, high cytoplasmic expression of other SFK members and downstream marker of activation, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were associated with increased patient survival. Treatment of non-metastatic 786-O and 769-P cells with dasatinib, dose dependently reduced SFK activation, shown via SFK (Y419) and FAK (Y861) phosphorylation, with no effect in metastatic ACHN cells. Dasatinib also increased apoptosis, while decreasing proliferation and migration in 786-O and 769-P cell lines, both in the presence and absence of Src protein. Conclusions Our data suggests that nuclear Lyn is a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC and dasatinib affects cellular functions associated with cancer progression via a Src kinase independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia K Roseweir
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Tahir Qayyum
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhi Lim
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Rachel Hammond
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alasdair I MacDonald
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sioban Fraser
- NHS Greater Clyde and Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, G51 4TF, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Grenville M Oades
- NHS Greater Clyde and Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, G51 4TF, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael Aitchison
- NHS Greater Clyde and Glasgow, Gartnavel Hospital, G12 0YN, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert J Jones
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 0YN, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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WISP1 mediates IL-6-dependent proliferation in primary human lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20547. [PMID: 26867691 PMCID: PMC4751539 DOI: 10.1038/srep20547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease. IPF is characterized by epithelial cell injury and reprogramming, increases in (myo)fibroblasts, and altered deposition of extracellular matrix. The Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1) is involved in impaired epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we aimed to further investigate WISP1 regulation and function in primary human lung fibroblasts (phLFs). We demonstrate that WISP1 is directly upregulated by Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in phLFs, using a luciferase-based reporter system. WISP1 mRNA and protein secretion increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by TGFβ1 and TNFα in phLFs, as analysed by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Notably, WISP1 is required for TGFβ1- and TNFα-dependent induction of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a mechanism that is conserved in IPF phLFs. The siRNA-mediated WISP1 knockdown led to a significant IL-6 reduction after TGFβ1 or TNFα stimulation. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated downregulation or antibody-mediated neutralization of WISP1 reduced phLFs proliferation, a process that was in part rescued by IL-6. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that WISP1-induced IL-6 expression contributes to the pro-proliferative effect on fibroblasts, which is likely orchestrated by a variety of profibrotic mediators, including Wnts, TGFβ1 and TNFα.
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LI XIAOBIN, QI ZHONGHUA, ZHAO LONGSHAN, YU ZHAN. Astaxanthin reduces type 2 diabetic-associated cognitive decline in rats via activation of PI3K/Akt and attenuation of oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:973-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Di Y, Zhang Y, Nie Q, Chen X. CCN1/Cyr61-PI3K/AKT signaling promotes retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1507-18. [PMID: 26459773 PMCID: PMC4678165 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a characteristic pathological finding of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Cysteine-rich 61 [Cyr61, also known as CCN family member 1 (CCN1)] has been reported to mediate angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of CCN1/Cyr61-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling in ROP. The contribution of CCN1 to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions was determined using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively, as well as using siRNA targeting CCN1 (CCN1 siRNA). The cells exposed to hypoxia were also treated with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor, LY294002. In addition, mouse pups with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) were administered an intravitreal injection of CCN1 siRNA. RNV was assessed by magnesium-activated adenosine diphosphatease (ADPase) staining. RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the distribution and expression of CCN1, PI3K and AKT. Exposure to hypoxia increased the neovascularization clock hour scores (from 1.23±0.49 to 5.60±0.73, P<0.05) and the number of preretinal neovascular cells, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, PI3K and AKT (all P<0.05). The injection of CCN1 siRNA decreased the neovascularization clock hour scores and the number of preretinal neovascular cells (1.53±0.72 vs. 4.76±1.04; 12.0±2.8 vs. 31.4±2.6, respectively, both P<0.05), as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, PI3K and AKT (protein, −45.3, −22.5 and −28.4%; mRNA, −43.7, −58.7 and −42.9%, respectively, all P<0.05) compared to the administration of scrambled siRNA under hypoxic conditions. Treatment with LY294002 decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1 in the cells exposed to hypoxia (both P<0.05). The administration of CCN1 siRNA resulted in less severe neovascularization in the eyes of the the mouse pups with OIR. Thus, out data suggest that CCN1 plays an important role in RNV in ROP, and may thus be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yiou Zhang
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhu Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Roy S, Bae E, Amin S, Kim D. Extracellular matrix, gap junctions, and retinal vascular homeostasis in diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2015; 133:58-68. [PMID: 25819455 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The vascular basement membrane (BM) contains extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that assemble in a highly organized manner to form a supportive substratum for cell attachment facilitating myriad functions that are vital to cell survival and overall retinal homeostasis. The BM provides a microenvironment in which bidirectional signaling through integrins regulates cell attachment, turnover, and functionality. In diabetic retinopathy, the BM undergoes profound structural and functional changes, and recent studies have brought to light the implications of such changes. Thickened vascular BM in the retinal capillaries actively participate in the development and progression of characteristic changes associated with diabetic retinopathy. High glucose (HG)-induced compromised cell-cell communication via gap junctions (GJ) in retinal vascular cells may disrupt homeostasis in the retinal microenvironment. In this review, the role of altered ECM synthesis, compromised GJ activity, and disturbed retinal homeostasis in the development of retinal vascular lesions in diabetic retinopathy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayon Roy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Edward Bae
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shruti Amin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dongjoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Di Y, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wang A, Chen X. The mechanism of CCN1-enhanced retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy through PI3K/Akt-VEGF signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2463-73. [PMID: 25995618 PMCID: PMC4425238 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s79782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background CCN1 (also called Cyr 61) is an extracellular matrix signaling molecule that has been implicated in neovascularization through its interactions with several endothelial integrin receptors. The roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in angiogenesis are well described. The aim of this study was to investigate the signal transduction mechanism of CCN1–PI3K/Akt–VEGF in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and the effects of CCN1 knockdown on ROP. Methods The oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model was established in C57BL/6J mice exposed to a high concentration of oxygen. Retinas were obtained from the normoxia, OIR, OIR control (treated with scramble siRNA) and OIR treated (with CCN1 siRNA) groups. Retinal neovascularization (RNV) was qualitatively analyzed with ADPase staining and quantitatively analyzed by counting neovascular endothelial cell nuclei at postnatal day 17 when RNV reached a peak. mRNA level and protein expression of CCN1, p-Akt, and VEGF were measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting, and located with immunohistochemistry. Results CCN1 depletion resulted in less neovascularization clock hour scores in the number of preretinal neovascular cells compared with the OIR treated group (1.28±0.83 versus 4.80±0.82; and 7.12±2.50 versus 23.25±2.35, respectively, both P<0.05). Furthermore, CCN1, p-Akt and VEGF mRNA, and protein were significantly expressed in the retina of the OIR and OIR control groups. Intravitreal injection of CCN1 siRNA significantly reduced PI3K/Akt–VEGF pathway expression of the OIR mouse model (all P<0.05). CCN1 siRNA significantly enhanced the avascular area and avascular diameter of OIR model (P<0.05). CCN1 siRNA decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α significantly compared to the OIR group (P<0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that CCN1 plays an important role in RNV via the PI3K/Akt–VEGF signaling pathway. CCN1 may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiou Zhang
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Young K, Tweedie E, Conley B, Ames J, FitzSimons M, Brooks P, Liaw L, Vary CPH. BMP9 Crosstalk with the Hippo Pathway Regulates Endothelial Cell Matricellular and Chemokine Responses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122892. [PMID: 25909848 PMCID: PMC4409298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin is a type III TGFβ auxiliary receptor that is upregulated in endothelial cells during angiogenesis and, when mutated in humans, results in the vascular disease hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Though endoglin has been implicated in cell adhesion, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we show endoglin expression in endothelial cells regulates subcellular localization of zyxin in focal adhesions in response to BMP9. RNA knockdown of endoglin resulted in mislocalization of zyxin and altered formation of focal adhesions. The mechanotransduction role of focal adhesions and their ability to transmit regulatory signals through binding of the extracellular matrix are altered by endoglin deficiency. BMP/TGFβ transcription factors, SMADs, and zyxin have recently been implicated in a newly emerging signaling cascade, the Hippo pathway. The Hippo transcription coactivator, YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1), has been suggested to play a crucial role in mechanotransduction and cell-cell contact. Identification of BMP9-dependent nuclear localization of YAP1 in response to endoglin expression suggests a mechanism of crosstalk between the two pathways. Suppression of endoglin and YAP1 alters BMP9-dependent expression of YAP1 target genes CCN1 (cysteine-rich 61, CYR61) and CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) as well as the chemokine CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1, MCP-1). These results suggest a coordinate effect of endoglin deficiency on cell matrix remodeling and local inflammatory responses. Identification of a direct link between the Hippo pathway and endoglin may reveal novel mechanisms in the etiology of HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Young
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
| | - Eric Tweedie
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
| | - Barbara Conley
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn Ames
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
| | - MaryLynn FitzSimons
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
| | - Peter Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
| | - Calvin P. H. Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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McNeill B, Vulesevic B, Ostojic A, Ruel M, Suuronen EJ. Collagen matrix-induced expression of integrin αVβ3 in circulating angiogenic cells can be targeted by matricellular protein CCN1 to enhance their function. FASEB J 2014; 29:1198-207. [PMID: 25466895 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-261586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) play an important role in vascular homeostasis and hold therapeutic promise for treating a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, further improvements are needed because the effects of CAC therapy remain minimal or transient. The regenerative potential of these cells can be improved by culture on a collagen-based matrix through the up-regulation of key integrin proteins. We found that human CAC function was enhanced by using the matricellular protein CCN1 (CYR61/CTGF/NOV family member 1) to target integrin αV and β3, which are up-regulated on matrix. Compared to matrix-cultured CACs, CCN1-matrix CACs exhibited a 2.2-fold increase in cell proliferation, 1.8-fold greater migration toward VEGF, and 1.7-fold more incorporation into capillary-like structures in an angiogenesis assay. In vivo, intramuscular injection of CCN1-matrix-cultured CACs into ischemic hind limbs of CD-1 nude mice resulted in blood flow recovery to 80% of baseline, which was greater than matrix-cultured CACs (66%) and PBS (35%) treatment groups. Furthermore, transplanted CCN1-matrix CACs exhibited greater engraftment (11-fold) and stimulated the up-regulation of survival and angiogenic genes (>3-fold). These findings reveal the importance of cell-matrix interactions in regulating CAC function and also reveal a mechanism by which these may be exploited to enhance cell therapies for ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian McNeill
- *Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Branka Vulesevic
- *Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Ostojic
- *Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- *Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- *Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Chen HF, Liu SJ, Chen G. Heat shock protein 27 phosphorylation in the proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by high glucose through the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/Akt and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 pathways. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1504-8. [PMID: 25373458 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of the heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) signaling pathway on the proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by high glucose (HG) was investigated. HUVEC proliferation in the indicated conditions was measured by the alamarBlue® assay. Apoptosis in HUVECs cultured with HG was analyzed by an Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis detection kit. HSP27 activity was evaluated by western blotting with specific phospho‑HSP27 antibody. HUVEC proliferation induced by HG was observed to be reduced by the HSP27 inhibitor quercetin in a concentration‑dependent manner, with a concomitant increase in apoptosis. The phosphorylation of HSP27 induced by HG was blocked by the specific phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 and the specific extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 inhibitor U0126 in a concentration‑dependent manner, with peak inhibition rates of 62.6 and 56.1%, respectively. LY294002 and U0126 also reduced HUVEC proliferation with a concomitant increase in apoptotic rate. In conclusion, HSP27 phosphorylation is important in mediating the proliferation and apoptosis of HUVECs induced by high glucose, and PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 are important signaling pathways that contribute to HSP27 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Juan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Chen CY, Su CM, Huang YL, Tsai CH, Fuh LJ, Tang CH. CCN1 induces oncostatin M production in osteoblasts via integrin-dependent signal pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106632. [PMID: 25187949 PMCID: PMC4154729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response and articular destruction are common symptoms of osteoarthritis. Cysteine-rich 61 (CCN1 or Cyr61), a secreted protein from the CCN family, is associated with the extracellular matrix involved in many cellular activities like growth and differentiation. Yet the mechanism of CCN1 interacting with arthritic inflammatory response is unclear. This study finds CCN1 increasing expression of oncostatin m (OSM) in human osteoblastic cells. Pretreatment of αvβ3 monoclonal antibody and inhibitors of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), c-Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and NF-κB inhibited CCN1-induced OSM expression in osteoblastic cells. Stimulation of cells with CCN1 increased phosphorylation of FAK, c-Src, PI3K, and NF-κB via αvβ3 receptor; CCN1 treatment of osteoblasts increased NF-κB-luciferase activity and p65 binding to NF-κB element on OSM promoter. Results indicate CCN1 heightening OSM expression via αvβ3 receptor, FAK, c-Src, PI3K, and NF-κB signal pathway in osteoblastic cells, suggesting CCN1 as a novel target in arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ming Su
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Jyh Fuh
- Department of Prosthodontics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CHT); (LJF)
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CHT); (LJF)
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Chung CC, Hsu RC, Kao YH, Liou JP, Lu YY, Chen YJ. Androgen attenuates cardiac fibroblasts activations through modulations of transforming growth factor-β and angiotensin II signaling. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:386-93. [PMID: 25125004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deficiency produces heart failure, which can be ameliorated by testosterone supplementation. Cardiac fibrosis plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. This study aimed to evaluate whether testosterone can attenuate cardiac fibroblast activity through modulating transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and angiotensin (Ang) II signaling. METHODS Migration, proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, collagen production, and transcription signaling were evaluated in adult male rat (weighing 300-350 g) cardiac fibroblasts with and without incubation with testosterone (10nM) and co-administration of TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) or Ang II (100 nM) by cell migration analysis, proliferation assay, soluble collagen measurement, zymographic analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy, real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Compared to those without testosterone, testosterone-treated fibroblasts exhibited less collagen production. Testosterone-treated fibroblasts also had less migration, proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and collagen production in the presence of TGF-β1, or had less collagen production with Ang II. Testosterone-treated fibroblasts had decreased phosphorylated Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, and 4E binding protein-1 irrespective of TGF-β1 treatment and had increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in the presence of TGF-β1 treatment, and had decreased phosphorylated P38 and Smad 2/3 levels in the presence of Ang II. Cardiac fibroblasts with and without testosterone had similar mRNA and protein expressions of total Akt and total Smad 2/3 irrespective of TGF-β1 or Ang II treatment. CONCLUSION Physiological level of testosterone attenuated Akt and Smad 2/3 phosphorylation mediated by TGF-β1 and angiotensin II respectively, which can result in decreased cardiac fibroblast activation and potentially contribute to beneficial effects in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chih Chung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Chieh Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Emre Y, Imhof BA. Matricellular protein CCN1/CYR61: a new player in inflammation and leukocyte trafficking. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:253-9. [PMID: 24638890 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cystein-rich protein 61 (CYR61/CCN1) is a component of the extracellular matrix, which is produced and secreted by several cell types including endothelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. CCN1 has been implicated in leukocyte migration and the inflammatory process, but it is also involved in cardiovascular development and carcinogenesis. It exerts its functions through binding to multiple integrins present in many different cell types. This multiplicity in function is now known to contribute to the diverse array of cellular processes it can regulate. The expression of CCN1 is tightly regulated by cytokines and growth factors. However, CCN1 can directly modulate cell adhesion and migratory processes whilst simultaneously regulating the production of other cytokines and chemokines through paracrine and autocrine feedback loops. This complex functionality of CCN1 has highlighted the pivotal role this molecule can play in regulating the immunosurveillance process. Furthermore, CCN1 has now emerged as an important partner when targeting components of the infectious or chronic inflammatory disease processes such as atherosclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis. This review will focus on CYR61/CCN1 and its ability to control the migration of leukocytes, the production of cytokines and cell proliferation or senescence at the site of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Emre
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland,
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Xu XD, Li KR, Li XM, Yao J, Qin J, Yan B. Long non-coding RNAs: new players in ocular neovascularization. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4493-505. [PMID: 24623407 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathological neovascularization are the most prevalent causes of moderate or severe vision loss. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of regulatory molecules involved in numerous biological processes and complicated diseases. However, the role of lncRNAs in ocular neovascularization is still unclear. Here, we constructed a murine model of ocular neovascularization, and determined lncRNA expression profiles using microarray analysis. We identified 326 or 51 lncRNAs that were significantly either up-regulated or down-regulated in the vaso-obliteration or neovascularization phase, respectively. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, lncRNAs/mRNAs co-expression networks were constructed. GO enrichment analysis of lncRNAs-co-expressed mRNAs indicated that the biological modules were correlated with chromosome organization, extracellular region and guanylate cyclase activator activity in the vaso-obliteration phase, and correlated with cell proliferation, extracellular region and guanylate cyclase regulator activity in the neovascularization phase. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that MAPK signaling was the most significantly enriched pathway in both phases. Importantly, Vax2os1 and Vax2os2 were not only dynamically expressed in the vaso-obliteration and neovascularization phases, but also significantly altered in the aqueous humor of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), suggesting a potential role of lncRNAs in the regulation of ocular neovascularization. Taken together, this study provided novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of ocular neovascularization. The intervention of dysregulated lncRNA could become a potential target for the prevention and treatment of ocular vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dong Xu
- Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138# Han-Zhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
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