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Astanina E, Doronzo G, Corà D, Neri F, Oliviero S, Genova T, Mussano F, Middonti E, Vallariello E, Cencioni C, Valdembri D, Serini G, Limana F, Foglio E, Ballabio A, Bussolino F. The TFEB-TGIF1 axis regulates EMT in mouse epicardial cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5191. [PMID: 36057632 PMCID: PMC9440911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex and pivotal process involved in organogenesis and is related to several pathological processes, including cancer and fibrosis. During heart development, EMT mediates the conversion of epicardial cells into vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiac interstitial fibroblasts. Here, we show that the oncogenic transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a key regulator of EMT in epicardial cells and that its genetic overexpression in mouse epicardium is lethal due to heart defects linked to impaired EMT. TFEB specifically orchestrates the EMT-promoting function of transforming growth factor (TGF) β, and this effect results from activated transcription of thymine-guanine-interacting factor (TGIF)1, a TGFβ/Smad pathway repressor. The Tgif1 promoter is activated by TFEB, and in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate its increased expression when Tfeb is overexpressed. Furthermore, Tfeb overexpression in vitro prevents TGFβ-induced EMT, and this effect is abolished by Tgif1 silencing. Tfeb loss of function, similar to that of Tgif1, sensitizes cells to TGFβ, inducing an EMT response to low doses of TGFβ. Together, our findings reveal an unexpected function of TFEB in regulating EMT, which might provide insights into injured heart repair and control of cancer progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process involved in organogenesis. Here, the authors show that the transcription factor EB (TFEB) regulates EMT in epicardium during heart development by tuning sensitivity to TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Mussano
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Middonti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vallariello
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cencioni
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti", National Research Council (IASI-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Foglio
- Technoscience, Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico Pontino, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
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2
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Rivaroxaban attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting protease-activated receptor-2 signaling in renin-overexpressing hypertensive mice. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1261-1273. [PMID: 34285375 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rivaroxaban (Riv), a direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in addition to anticoagulation. However, its role in cardiovascular remodeling is largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that Riv attenuates the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by continuous activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in renin-overexpressing hypertensive transgenic (Ren-Tg) mice. We treated 12-week-old male Ren-Tg and wild-type (WT) mice with a diet containing Riv (12 mg/kg/day) or a regular diet for 4 weeks. After this, FXa in plasma significantly increased in Ren-Tg mice compared with WT mice, and Riv inhibited this increase. Left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) and the area of cardiac fibrosis evaluated by Masson's trichrome staining were greater in Ren-Tg mice than in WT mice, and Riv decreased them. Cardiac expression levels of the protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and collagen type 3 α1 (COL3A1) genes were all greater in Ren-Tg mice than in WT mice, and Riv attenuated these increases. To investigate the possible involvement of PAR-2, we treated Ren-Tg mice with a continuous subcutaneous infusion of 10 μg/kg/day of the PAR-2 antagonist FSLLRY for 4 weeks. FSLLRY significantly decreased LVWT and cardiac expression of PAR-2, TGF-β1, and COL3A1. In isolated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), Riv or FSLLRY pretreatment inhibited the FXa-induced increase in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases. In addition, Riv or FSLLRY inhibited FXa-stimulated wound closure in CFs. Riv exerts a protective effect against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis development induced by continuous activation of the RAS, partly by inhibiting PAR-2.
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Human cardiac stem cells rejuvenated by modulating autophagy with MHY-1685 enhance the therapeutic potential for cardiac repair. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1423-1436. [PMID: 34584195 PMCID: PMC8492872 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies with clinical applications require millions of cells. Therefore, repeated subculture is essential for cellular expansion, which is often complicated by replicative senescence. Cellular senescence contributes to reduced stem cell regenerative potential as it inhibits stem cell proliferation and differentiation as well as the activation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this study, we employed MHY-1685, a novel mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, and examined its long-term priming effect on the activities of senile human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) and the functional benefits of primed hCSCs after transplantation. In vitro experiments showed that the MHY-1685‒primed hCSCs exhibited higher viability in response to oxidative stress and an enhanced proliferation potential compared to that of the unprimed senile hCSCs. Interestingly, priming MHY-1685 enhanced the expression of stemness-related markers in senile hCSCs and provided the differentiation potential of hCSCs into vascular lineages. In vivo experiment with echocardiography showed that transplantation of MHY-1685‒primed hCSCs improved cardiac function than that of the unprimed senile hCSCs at 4 weeks post-MI. In addition, hearts transplanted with MHY-1685-primed hCSCs exhibited significantly lower cardiac fibrosis and higher capillary density than that of the unprimed senile hCSCs. In confocal fluorescence imaging, MHY-1685‒primed hCSCs survived for longer durations than that of the unprimed senile hCSCs and had a higher potential to differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) within the infarcted hearts. These findings suggest that MHY-1685 can rejuvenate senile hCSCs by modulating autophagy and that as a senescence inhibitor, MHY-1685 can provide opportunities to improve hCSC-based myocardial regeneration.
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Yokono Y, Hanada K, Narita M, Tatara Y, Kawamura Y, Miura N, Kitayama K, Nakata M, Nozaka M, Kato T, Kudo N, Tsushima M, Toyama Y, Itoh K, Tomita H. Blockade of PAR-1 Signaling Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Renin-Overexpressing Hypertensive Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015616. [PMID: 32495720 PMCID: PMC7429042 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Although PAR‐1 (protease‐activated receptor‐1) exerts important functions in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, the role of PAR‐1 signaling in heart failure development remains largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that PAR‐1 signaling inhibition has protective effects on the progression of cardiac remodeling induced by chronic renin–angiotensin system activation using renin‐overexpressing hypertensive (Ren‐Tg) mice. Methods and Results We treated 12‐ to 16‐week‐old male wild‐type (WT) mice and Ren‐Tg mice with continuous subcutaneous infusion of the PAR‐1 antagonist SCH79797 or vehicle for 4 weeks. The thicknesses of interventricular septum and the left ventricular posterior wall were greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice, and SCH79797 treatment significantly decreased these thicknesses in Ren‐Tg mice. The cardiac fibrosis area and monocyte/macrophage deposition were greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice, and both conditions were attenuated by SCH79797 treatment. Cardiac mRNA expression levels of PAR‐1, TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor‐α), TGF‐β1 (transforming growth factor‐β1), and COL3A1 (collagen type 3 α1 chain) and the ratio of β‐myosin heavy chain (β‐MHC) to α‐MHC were all greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice; SCH79797 treatment attenuated these increases in Ren‐Tg mice. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 concentration and factor Xa in plasma were greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice, and both conditions were unaffected by SCH79797 treatment. In isolated cardiac fibroblasts, both thrombin and factor Xa enhanced ERK1/2 (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2) phosphorylation, and SCH79797 pretreatment abolished this enhancement. Furthermore, gene expression of PAR‐1, TGF‐β1, and COL3A1 were enhanced by factor Xa, and all were inhibited by SCH79797. Conclusions The results indicate that PAR‐1 signaling is involved in cardiac remodeling induced by renin–angiotensin system activation, which may provide a novel therapeutic target for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Yokono
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kenji Hanada
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Masato Narita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Yota Tatara
- Department of Glycotechnology Center for Advanced Medical Research Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Yousuke Kawamura
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Naotake Miura
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kitayama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Masamichi Nakata
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Masashi Nozaka
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Tomo Kato
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Natsumi Kudo
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Michiko Tsushima
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Yuichi Toyama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science Center for Advanced Medical Research Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tomita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
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5
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Ji X, Liu T, Zhao S, Li J, Li L, Wang E. WISP-2, an upregulated gene in hip cartilage from the DDH model rats, induces chondrocyte apoptosis through PPARγ in vitro. FASEB J 2020; 34:4904-4917. [PMID: 32058630 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901915r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte apoptosis plays an important role in the developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) development. It has been found that WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) are involved in cell apoptosis. In this study, we performed the straight-leg swaddling DDH rat model and we found that cartilage degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis were remarkably increased in DDH rats in vivo. Moreover, we found that WISP-2 was upregulated in hip acetabular cartilage of DDH rats compared to control rats. Next, the effects of WISP-2 on chondrocyte apoptosis and its possible underlying mechanism were examined in vitro. The lentivirus-mediated gain- and loss-of-function experiments of WISP-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) for cell viability and apoptosis were performed in primary rat chondrocytes. The results showed that the overexpression of WISP-2 induced chondrocyte apoptosis, and knockdown of WISP-2 could suppress the chondrocyte apoptosis induced by advanced glycation end products (AGE). Additionally, WISP-2 could negatively regulate the expression of PPARγ in chondrocytes. Moreover, the knockdown of PPARγ promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and overexpression of PPARγ abated the increased apoptosis and decreased cell viability of chondrocytes induced by WISP-2. This study demonstrated that WISP-2 might contribute to chondrocyte apoptosis of hip acetabular cartilage through regulating PPARγ expression and activation, which may play an important role in the development of DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglu Ji
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianyong Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Enbo Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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6
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Chen SY, Xie C, Zhu H, Shen Y. Effects of epidermal growth factor on transforming growth factor-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and potential mechanism in human corneal epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:11-20. [PMID: 31956565 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). METHODS HCECs were cultured and treated with TGF-β1 for establishing the model of EMT in vitro. Biological effect of EGF on TGF-β1-induced EMT was evaluated. Proteins and mRNAs expression changes of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Fibronectin (EMT-relative markers) after TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 combined EGF treatment were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. Viability and migration of HCECs were measured by CCK-8, transwell cell migration assay and cell scratch wound healing assay. Activation of Smad2, ERK, p38, JNK and Akt signaling pathways were evaluated by Western blot. Inhibitors of relevant signaling pathways were added to the HCECs to explore the key signal mechanism. RESULTS With treatment of TGF-β1 only, three EMT-relative proteins and mRNA expression showed that EMT up-regulated in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner, with significantly decreasing cell viability (TGF-β1≥5 ng/mL, P<0.05) and increasing cell migration (TGF-β1≥5 ng/mL, P<0.01). The phosphorylation of Smad2 and p38 was a key process of TGF-β1-induced EMT. Meanwhile, EMT-relative proteins and mRNA expression showed that EGF inhibited TGF-β1-indued EMT, with significantly increasing cell viability (EGF≥10 ng/mL, P<0.01). It was noteworthy that EGF significantly enhanced cell migration although EMT was inhibited (EGF≥10 ng/mL, P<0.01), and the blockage of p38 (by SB202190, a p38 inhibitor) was a potential mechanism of this phenomenon. CONCLUSION EGF inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT via suppressive p38, and promotes cells proliferation and migration in a non-EMT process by inhibiting p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliate Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliate Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Morita W, Snelling SJB, Wheway K, Watkins B, Appleton L, Carr AJ, Dakin SG. ERK1/2 drives IL-1β-induced expression of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 in torn tendons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19005. [PMID: 31831776 PMCID: PMC6908634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseased and injured tendons develop fibrosis, driven by factors including TGF-β, BMPs and CTGF. IL-1β and its signal transducer Erk1/2 are known to regulate TGF-β expression in animal tendons. We utilised tissues and cells isolated from patients with shoulder tendon tears and tendons of healthy volunteers to advance understanding of how inflammation induces fibrosis in diseased human tendons. ERK1/2 expression was reduced in torn (diseased) compared to healthy patient tendon tissues. We next investigated the fibrotic responses of tendon-derived cells isolated from healthy and diseased human tendon tissues in an inflammatory milieu. IL-1β treatment induced profound ERK1/2 signalling, TGFB1 and BMP2 mRNA expression in diseased compared to healthy tendon-derived cells. In the diseased cells, the ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) completely blocked the IL-1β-induced TGFB1 and partially reduced BMP2 mRNA expression. Conversely, the same treatment of healthy cells did not modulate IL-1β-induced TGFB1 or BMP2 mRNA expression. ERK1/2 inhibition did not attenuate IL-1β-induced CTGF mRNA expression in healthy or diseased tendon cells. These findings highlight differences between ERK1/2 signalling pathway activation and expression of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 between healthy and diseased tendon tissues and cells, advancing understanding of inflammation induced fibrosis during the development of human tendon disease and subsequent repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Morita
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, UK. .,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Sarah J B Snelling
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Kim Wheway
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Bridget Watkins
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Louise Appleton
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Stephanie G Dakin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, UK. .,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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8
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Bi J, Koivisto L, Dai J, Zhuang D, Jiang G, Larjava M, Shen Y, Bi L, Liu F, Haapasalo M, Häkkinen L, Larjava H. Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling suppresses αvβ6 integrin and promotes periodontal inflammation and bone loss. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.236588. [PMID: 31722981 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In periodontal disease (PD), bacterial biofilms cause gingival inflammation, leading to bone loss. In healthy individuals, αvβ6 integrin in junctional epithelium maintains anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling, whereas its expression is lost in individuals with PD. Bacterial biofilms suppress β6 integrin expression in cultured gingival epithelial cells (GECs) by attenuating TGF-β1 signaling, leading to an enhanced pro-inflammatory response. In the present study, we show that GEC exposure to biofilms induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Inhibition of EGFR and ERK stunted both the biofilm-induced ITGB6 suppression and IL1B stimulation. Furthermore, biofilm induced the expression of endogenous EGFR ligands that suppressed ITGB6 and stimulated IL1B expression, indicating that the effects of the biofilm were mediated by autocrine EGFR signaling. Biofilm and EGFR ligands induced inhibitory phosphorylation of the TGF-β1 signaling mediator Smad3 at S208. Overexpression of a phosphorylation-defective mutant of Smad3 (S208A) reduced the β6 integrin suppression. Furthermore, inhibition of EGFR signaling significantly reduced bone loss and inflammation in an experimental PD model. Thus, EGFR inhibition may provide a target for clinical therapies to prevent inflammation and bone loss in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Bi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leeni Koivisto
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Deshu Zhuang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Guoqiao Jiang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Milla Larjava
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Liangjia Bi
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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9
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Liu L, Zou J, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhou X, Xiong C, Tolbert E, Zhao TC, Bayliss G, Zhuang S. Blocking the histone lysine 79 methyltransferase DOT1L alleviates renal fibrosis through inhibition of renal fibroblast activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. FASEB J 2019; 33:11941-11958. [PMID: 31373855 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801861r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disruptor of telomeric silencing-1 like (DOT1L) protein specifically catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 on Lys79 (H3K79) and is implicated in tumors. But its role in tissue fibrosis remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that injury to the kidney increased DOT1L expression and H3K79 dimethylation in renal tubular epithelial cells and myofibroblasts in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Administration of EPZ5676, a highly selective inhibitor of DOT1L, attenuated renal fibrosis. Treatment with EPZ5676 or DOT1L small interfering RNA also inhibited TGF-β1 and serum-induced activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Moreover, blocking DOT1L abrogated injury-induced epithelial G2/M arrest; reduced expression of Snail, Twist, and Notch1; and inactivated several profibrotic signaling molecules in the injured kidney, including Smad3, epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, protein kinase B, and NF-κB. Conversely, DOT1L inhibition increased expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog, a protein associated with dephosphorylation of tyrosine kinase receptors, and prevented decline in levels of Klotho and Smad7, 2 renoprotective factors. Thus, our data indicate that targeting DOT1L attenuates renal fibrosis through inhibition of renal fibroblasts and EMT by suppressing activation of multiple profibrotic signaling pathways while retaining expression of renoprotective factors.-Liu, L., Zou, J., Guan, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, W., Zhou, X., Xiong, C., Tolbert, E., Zhao, T. C., Bayliss, G., Zhuang, S. Blocking the histone lysine 79 methyltransferase DOT1L alleviates renal fibrosis through inhibition of renal fibroblast activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Clinical Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianan Zou
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Yingjie Guan
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Chongxiang Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Evelyn Tolbert
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center-Boston University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - George Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Wang S, Zhang K, Hu JL, Wu WC, Liu X, Ge N, Guo JT, Wang GX, Sun SY. Endoscopic resection of the pancreatic tail and subsequent wound healing mechanisms in a porcine model. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:2623-2635. [PMID: 31210714 PMCID: PMC6558443 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i21.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic resection of the pancreatic body and tail is the predominant methodology to remove lesions in these locations; its safety and surgical planning are relatively mature, but it remains a complex and high-precision surgical operation, requiring abundant experience and skills in laparoscopic surgery, with a 10% rate of complications.
AIM To verify the feasibility and safety, as well as to examine the complications of endoscopic pancreatectomy and healing mechanisms of pancreatic wounds after endoscopic resection.
METHODS Transgastric endoscopic resections of varying sizes of pancreases were performed in 15 healthy Bama miniature pigs. The technical success rate, the incidence of serious complications, and the survival of the animals were studied. The healing of the wounds was evaluated by sacrificing the animals at various time points. Finally, the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and Smad3/Smad7 in the surgical site was examined by immunohistochemistry to explore the role of these factors in wound healing of the pancreas.
RESULTS Partial and total resections were successfully performed in two groups of animals, respectively. The technical success rate and the survival rate of the pigs were both 100%. We obtained 12 pancreatic tissue samples by endoscopic resection. The pancreatic wounds were closed with metal clips in one group and the wounds healed well by forming scars. There was a small amount of pancreatic leakage in the other group, but it can be fully encapsulated. The level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the wounds increased during the inflammatory and fibrous hyperplasia phases, and decreased in the scar phase. The expression of Smad3 paralleled that of TGF-β1, while the expression of Smad7 had an inverse relationship with the expression of TGF-β1.
CONCLUSION Purely transgastric endoscopic resection of the pancreas is a safe, effective, and feasible procedure, but the incidence of pancreatic leakage in total pancreatic tail resection is high. The expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3/Samd7 is related to the progression of pancreatic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin-Long Hu
- Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei-Chao Wu
- Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Nan Ge
- Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin-Tao Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guo-Xin Wang
- Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Sun
- Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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11
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Yang M, Chen G, Zhang X, Guo Y, Yu Y, Tian L, Chang S, Chen ZK. Inhibition of class I HDACs attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis in a murine model. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:192-204. [PMID: 30807866 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is the most common of all the forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Research has shown that histone deacetylases (HDACs) participate in the process leading to renal fibrosis. However, the effects of class I HDAC inhibitors on the mechanisms of onset and progression of renal interstitial fibrosis are still unclear. Here, we present the effects and mechanisms of action of FK228 (a selective inhibitor of class I HDACs) in the murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in vitro models. We investigated the antifibrotic role of FK228 in a murine model of UUO. We used two key effector cell populations, rat renal interstitial fibroblasts and renal tubular epithelial cells exposed to recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), to explore the mechanistic pathways among in vitro models. The results indicated that FK228 significantly suppressed the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) in both in vivo and in vitro models. FK228 inhibited renal fibroblast activation and proliferation and increased the acetylation of histone H3. We found that FK228 also inhibited the small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) and non-Smad signaling pathways. So FK228 could significantly suppress renal interstitial fibrosis via Smad and non-Smad pathways. FK228 may be the basis for a new and effective medicine for alleviating renal fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuliang Guo
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhonghua Klaus Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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12
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Abstract
Iron, an essential nutrient, is required for many biological processes but is also toxic in excess. The lack of a mechanism to excrete excess iron makes it crucial for the body to regulate the amount of iron absorbed from the diet. This regulation is mediated by the hepatic hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin also controls iron release from macrophages that recycle iron and from hepatocytes that store iron. Hepcidin binds to the only known iron export protein, ferroportin, inducing its internalization and degradation and thus limiting the amount of iron released into the plasma. Important regulators of hepcidin, and therefore of systemic iron homeostasis, include plasma iron concentrations, body iron stores, infection and inflammation, hypoxia and erythropoiesis, and, to a lesser extent, testosterone. Dysregulation of hepcidin production contributes to the pathogenesis of many iron disorders: hepcidin deficiency causes iron overload in hereditary hemochromatosis and non-transfused β-thalassemia, whereas overproduction of hepcidin is associated with iron-restricted anemias seen in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and inherited iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia. The present review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways contributing to hepcidin regulation by these factors and highlights the issues that still need clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Roth
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Delphine Meynard
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Coppin
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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13
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Antidiabetic‐Like Effects of Naringenin‐7‐O‐glucoside from EdibleChrysanthemum‘Kotobuki’ and Naringenin by Activation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway and PPARγ. Chem Biodivers 2018; 16:e1800434. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Tezuka T, Ota A, Karnan S, Matsuura K, Yokoo K, Hosokawa Y, Vigetti D, Passi A, Hatano S, Umezawa K, Watanabe H. The plant alkaloid conophylline inhibits matrix formation of fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:20214-20226. [PMID: 30377255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conophylline is a Vinca alkaloid from leaves of the tropical plant Ervatamia microphylla and has been shown to mimic the effect of the growth and differentiation factor activin A on pancreatic progenitor cells. However, activin A stimulates fibrosis of pancreatic stellate cells, whereas conophylline inhibits it, suggesting that this compound may serve as an antifibrotic drug. Here we investigated the effects of conophylline on human foreskin fibroblasts, especially focusing on extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. A gene microarray analysis revealed that conophylline remarkably suppressed expression of the gene for hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and of its antisense RNA, whereas the expression of collagen genes was unaffected. Of note, immunostaining experiments revealed that conophylline substantially inhibits incorporation of versican and collagens into the ECM in cells treated with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), which promotes collagen synthesis, but not in cells not treated with TGFβ. Moreover, a protein biosynthesis assay disclosed that conophylline decreases collagen biosynthesis, concomitant with a decrease in total protein biosynthesis, indicating that conophylline-mediated inhibition of fibrosis is not specific to collagen synthesis. Conophylline affected neither TGFβ-induced nuclear translocation of SMAD family member 2/3 (SMAD2/3) nor phosphorylation of SMAD2. However, conophylline substantially inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), suggesting that conophylline inhibits HAS2 expression via TGFβ-mediated activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Taken together, our results indicate that conophylline may be a useful inhibitor of ECM formation in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Tezuka
- From the Departments of Pharmacy, via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy; Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan and
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Biochemistry, and via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | | | - Katsuhiko Matsuura
- From the Departments of Pharmacy, via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Kazuhisa Yokoo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | | | - Davide Vigetti
- the Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- the Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Sonoko Hatano
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan and
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Molecular Target Medicine and via Guicciardini 9, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan and.
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15
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Sikes KJ, Li J, Shen Q, Gao SG, Sandy JD, Plaas A, Wang VM. TGF-b1 or hypoxia enhance glucose metabolism and lactate production via HIF1A signaling in tendon cells. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:458-471. [PMID: 29447016 PMCID: PMC6175639 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1439483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Purpose/Aim of the study: Healthy tendons are maintained in homeostasis through controlled usage of glucose for energy and redox equilibrium. Tendon cell stress imposed by overuse injury or vascular insufficiency is accompanied by activation of wound healing pathways which facilitate an adaptive response and the restoration of homeostasis. To understand this response at the gene expression level we have studied the in vivo effects of injected TGF-β1 in a murine model of tendinopathy, as well as treatment of murine tendon explants with either TGF-β1 or hypoxia in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS We provide evidence (from expression patterns and immunohistochemistry) that both in vivo and in vitro, the stress response in tendon cells may be metabolically controlled in part by glycolytic reprogramming. A major feature of the response to TGF-β1 or hypoxia is activation of the Warburg pathway which generates lactate from glucose under normoxia and thereby inhibits mitochondrial energy production. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the likely outcome of this major metabolic shift in terms of the potential benefits and damage to tendon and suggest how incorporation of this metabolic response into our understanding of initiation and progression of tendinopathies may offer new opportunities for diagnosis and the monitoring of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Sikes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China 410008
| | - Shu-Guang Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China 410008
| | - John D Sandy
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Anna Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Vincent M Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 339 Kelly Hall, 325 Stanger Street MC 0298, Blacksburg, VA, 24061,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan Street, Chicago, IL 60607
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16
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Simon-Tillaux N, Hertig A. Snail and kidney fibrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:224-233. [PMID: 28186539 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Snail family zinc finger 1 (SNAI1) is a transcription factor expressed during renal embryogenesis, and re-expressed in various settings of acute kidney injury (AKI). Subjected to tight regulation, SNAI1 controls major biological processes responsible for renal fibrogenesis, including mesenchymal reprogramming of tubular epithelial cells, shutdown of fatty acid metabolism, cell cycle arrest and inflammation of the microenvironment surrounding tubular epithelial cells. The present review describes in detail the interactions of SNAI1 with AKI-associated signalling pathways. We also discuss how this central factor has been iteratively (and promisingly) targeted in a number of animal models in order to prevent or slow down renal fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Simon-Tillaux
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR_S1155, Remodeling and Repair of Renal Tissue, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Hertig
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR_S1155, Remodeling and Repair of Renal Tissue, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMR S_1155, Paris, France
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17
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Lai JM, Zhang X, Liu FF, Yang R, Li SY, Zhu LB, Zou M, Cheng WH, Zhu JH. Redox-sensitive MAPK and Notch3 regulate fibroblast differentiation and activation: a dual role of ERK1/2. Oncotarget 2018; 7:43731-43745. [PMID: 27248323 PMCID: PMC5190056 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblastic transformation, characterized by upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin in response to proï¬brotic agents such as TGF-β1, is considered as a major event leading to ï¬brosis. The mechanistic basis linking myoï¬broblast differentiation to idiopathic pulmonary ï¬brosis and the disease treatment remain elusive. In this study, we studied roles of MAPK, Notch, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the differentiation of IMR-90 lung fibroblasts at basal level and induced by TGF-β1. Our results demonstrated that ROS-dependent activation of p38, JNK1/2 and Notch3 promoted basal and TGF-β1-induced differentiation and expression of extracellular matrix proteins. In stark contrast, ERK1/2 was suppressed by ROS and exhibited an inhibitory effect on the differentiation but showed a weak promotion on the expression of extracellular matrix proteins. TGF-β1-induced Notch3 expression depended on p38 and JNK1/2. Interestingly, Notch3 was also downstream of ERK1/2, suggesting a complex role of ERK1/2 in lung function. Our results suggest a novel ROS-mediated shift of dominance from the inhibitory ERK1/2 to the stimulatory p38, JNK1/2 and Notch3 during the pathological progression of IPF. Thus, targeting ERK1/2 signaling for activation and p38, JNK1/2 and Notch3 for inhibition may be of clinical potential against lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mei Lai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shen-Yu Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lan-Bing Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ming Zou
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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18
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Zhao X, Luo G, Fan Y, Ma X, Zhou J, Jiang H. ILEI is an important intermediate participating in the formation of TGF-β1-induced renal tubular EMT. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:46-55. [PMID: 29336056 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is the most common process by which chronic kidney diseases progress to end-stage renal failure. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) play a crucial role in the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis. A newly identified cytokine, interleukin-like EMT inducer (ILEI), has been linked to EMT in some diseases. However, the effects of ILEI on renal tubular EMT have not yet been well established. Here, we characterize the expression of ILEI in tubular EMT and describe the role and mechanism of ILEI in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced renal tubular EMT. The results indicate that ILEI is involved in renal tubular EMT induced by TGF-β1, as overexpression of ILEI not only induces EMT of HK-2 cells independently but also profoundly enhances EMT in response to TGF-β1. Supporting this finding, ILEI small interfering RNA was found to block the EMT of HK-2 cells induced by TGF-β1. This work additionally suggests ILEI mediates TGF-β1-dependent EMT via the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERKs) and protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathways. In conclusion, ILEI appears to play a crucial role in mediating TGF-β1-induced EMT through the Akt and ERK pathways, which may provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of fibrotic kidney diseases. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY There is no study reporting the effect of ILEI in renal EMTs. In this research, we examined the role and mechanism of ILEI in EMT using tubular epithelial cell; we found that ILEI participated in renal tubular EMT, and overexpression of ILEI can not only induce EMT of HK-2 cells independently but also enhance EMT in response to TGF-β1. Meanwhile, we found ILEI small interfering RNA blocked the EMT induced by TGF-β1, and ILEI participates in the EMT caused by TGF-β1 via ERK and Akt signalling pathways. We hoped to provide new ideas in further study on the prevention and treatment of fibrotic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Jieqing Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, 110001, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, 110001, China
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19
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Bao RF, Shu YJ, Hu YP, Wang XA, Zhang F, Liang HB, Ye YY, Li HF, Xiang SS, Weng H, Cao Y, Wu XS, Li ML, Wu WG, Zhang YJ, Jiang L, Dong Q, Liu YB. miR-101 targeting ZFX suppresses tumor proliferation and metastasis by regulating the MAPK/Erk and Smad pathways in gallbladder carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22339-54. [PMID: 26968949 PMCID: PMC5008364 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC), the most common malignancy of the bile duct, is highly aggressive and has an extremely poor prognosis, which is a result of early metastasis. As it is regulated being at multiple levels, the metastatic cascade in GBC is complex. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cancer metastasis and are promising therapeutic targets. In this study, miR-101 was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues, particularly in metastatic tissues. In GBC patients, low miR-101 expression was correlated with tumor size, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and poor survival. Moreover, miR-101 was an independent prognostic marker for GBC. Additionally, miR-101 inhibited GBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the gene encoding the zinc finger protein X-linked (ZFX) was identified as a direct target of miR-101. More importantly, miR-101 significantly reduced activation of the MAPK/Erk and Smad signaling pathways, resulting in inhibition of TGF-β-mediated induction of EMT. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which miR-101 attenuates the EMT and metastasis in GBC cells and suggest that miR-101 can serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for GBC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Fa Bao
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Jun Shu
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hai-Bin Liang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ye
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huai-Feng Li
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shan-Shan Xiang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Weng
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Song Wu
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mao-Lan Li
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Guang Wu
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Jian Zhang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying-Bin Liu
- Department and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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20
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Zhang H, Caudle Y, Wheeler C, Zhou Y, Stuart C, Yao B, Yin D. TGF-β1/Smad2/3/Foxp3 signaling is required for chronic stress-induced immune suppression. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 314:30-41. [PMID: 29169800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the duration and severity, psychological tension and physical stress can enhance or suppress the immune system in both humans and animals. Although it has been established that chronic stress exerts a significant suppressive effect on immune function, the mechanisms by which affects immune responses remain elusive. By employing an in vivo murine system, we revealed that TGF-β1/Smad2/3/Foxp3 axis was remarkably activated following chronic stress. Furthermore, TLR9 and p38 MAPK played a critical role in the activation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3/Foxp3 signaling cascade. Moreover, inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad2/3/Foxp3 or p38 significantly attenuated chronic stress-induced lymphocyte apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins, as well as the differentiation of T regulatory cells in spleen. Interestingly, disequilibrium of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines balance caused by chronic stress was also rescued by blocking TGF-β1/Smad2/3/Foxp3 axis. These findings yield insight into a novel mechanism by which chronic stress modulates immune functions and identifies new targets for the development of novel anti-immune suppressant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiju Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430063, China; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Yi Caudle
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Clay Wheeler
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Charles Stuart
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Baozhen Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430063, China
| | - Deling Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States.
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21
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Tan WJ, Tan QY, Wang T, Lian M, Zhang L, Cheng ZS. Calpain 1 regulates TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lung epithelial cells via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:1402-1409. [PMID: 28386365 PMCID: PMC5376030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation, transformation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are key processes involved in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study investigated the regulatory factors and signaling pathways that mediate EMT in the human type II alveolar epithelial A549 cell line. A549 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and allocated to the following four groups: blank control group or treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β1 + PD 150606 (a calpain 1 inhibitor), or PD 150606. We examined E-cadherin (E-cad), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and calpain 1 mRNA transcript and protein expression levels in these four groups by performing RT-PCR and western blot analyses. The results indicated that TGF-β1 treatment significantly downregulated E-cad and upregulated α-SMA expression compared with that of the blank control group (P<0.05). TGF-β1 also enhanced calpain 1 expression compared with that of the blank control group (P<0.05). By contrast, treatment with the calpain 1 inhibitor PD 150606 increased E-cad expression and decreased α-SMA expression. Furthermore, PD 150606 treatment antagonized TGF-β1-mediated increase in Akt/phospho-Akt in A549 epithelial cells. However, TGF-β1-induced ETM was not correlated with the ERK and JNK signaling pathways. These combined results indicate that calpain 1 could regulate EMT in TGF-β1-treated A549 epithelial cells via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jun Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Lian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhen-Shun Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430071, China
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22
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Xu Q, Qu C, Wang W, Gu J, Du Y, Song L. SpecificN-glycan alterations are coupled in epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by EGF in GE11 epithelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 41:124-133. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Xu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science; Dalian Ocean University; Dalian 116023 China
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology; Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University; Sendai Miyagi 981-8558 Japan
| | - Chen Qu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science; Dalian Ocean University; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Dalian Elite Analytical Instruments Company Limited; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology; Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University; Sendai Miyagi 981-8558 Japan
| | - Yuguang Du
- Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Linsheng Song
- College of Fisheries and Life Science; Dalian Ocean University; Dalian 116023 China
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Activation of FXR protects against renal fibrosis via suppressing Smad3 expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37234. [PMID: 27853248 PMCID: PMC5112546 DOI: 10.1038/srep37234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the common pathway of most chronic kidney disease progression to end-stage renal failure. The nuclear receptor FXR (farnesoid X receptor), a multiple functional transcription factor, plays an important role in protecting against fibrosis. The TGFβ-Smad signaling has a central role in kidney fibrosis. However, it remains unclear whether FXR plays direct anti-fibrotic effect in renal fibrosis via regulating TGFβ-Smad pathway. In this study, we found that the level of FXR was negatively correlated with that of Smad3 and fibronectin (a marker of fibrosis) in human fibrotic kidneys. Activation of FXR suppressed kidney fibrosis and downregulated Smad3 expression, which was markedly attenuated by FXR antagonist. Moreover, the FXR-mediated repression of fibrosis was significantly alleviated by ectopic expression of Smad3. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that FXR activation inhibited the transcriptional activity of Smad3 gene promoter. The in vivo experiments showed that FXR agonist protected against renal fibrosis and downregulated Smad3 expression in UUO mice. These results suggested that FXR may serve as an important negative regulator for manipulating Smad3 expression, and the FXR/Smad3 pathway may be a novel target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Sun YBY, Qu X, Caruana G, Li J. The origin of renal fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and the signals that trigger fibrosis. Differentiation 2016; 92:102-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Browne JA, Yang R, Eggener SE, Leir SH, Harris A. HNF1 regulates critical processes in the human epididymis epithelium. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 425:94-102. [PMID: 26808453 PMCID: PMC4799753 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The luminal environment of the epididymis participates in sperm maturation and impacts male fertility. It is dependent on the coordinated expression of many genes encoding proteins with a role in epithelial transport. We identified cis-regulatory elements for critical genes in epididymis function, by mapping open chromatin genome-wide in human epididymis epithelial (HEE) cells. Bioinformatic predictions of transcription factors binding to the regulatory elements suggested an important role for hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) in the transcriptional program of these cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed HNF1 target genes in HEE cells. In parallel, the contribution of HNF1 to the transcriptome of HEE cells was determined by RNA-seq, following siRNA-mediated depletion of both HNF1α and HNF1β transcription factors. Repression of these factors caused differential expression of 1892 transcripts (902 were downregulated and 990 upregulated) in comparison to non-targeting siRNAs. Differentially expressed genes with HNF1 ChIP-seq peaks within 20 kb were subject to gene ontology process enrichment analysis. Among the most significant processes associated with down-regulated genes were epithelial transport of water, phosphate and bicarbonate, all critical processes in epididymis epithelial function. Measurements of intracellular pH (pHi) confirmed a role for HNF1 in regulating the epididymis luminal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Browne
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott E Eggener
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Fang F, Bae EH, Hu A, Liu GC, Zhou X, Williams V, Maksimowski N, Lu C, Konvalinka A, John R, Scholey JW. Deletion of the gene for adiponectin accelerates diabetic nephropathy in the Ins2 (+/C96Y) mouse. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1668-78. [PMID: 25957229 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common forms of chronic kidney disease. The role of adiponectin in the development of diabetic nephropathy has not been elucidated, and the aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that deletion of the gene for adiponectin would accelerate diabetic nephropathy in the Akita mouse. METHODS We followed four groups of mice from 4 weeks to 16 weeks of age (n ≥ 10 in each group): wild-type (WT) (Ins2 (+/+) Adipoq(+/+)) mice; APN(-/-) (Ins2(+/+) Adipoq(-/-)) mice; Akita (Ins2(+/C96Y) Adipoq(+/+)) mice and Akita/APN(-/-) (Ins2(+/C96Y) Adipoq(-/-)) mice. The mice were then killed and diabetic kidney injury was assessed. In vitro experiments were performed in primary mesangial cells. RESULTS Mice from both diabetic groups exhibited increased glomerular adiponectin receptor 1 (adipoR1) expression, kidney hypertrophy, glomerular enlargement, increased albuminuria and tissue oxidative stress compared with the WT control. Deletion of the adiponectin gene had no effect on glycaemia. However, Akita/APN(-/-) mice exhibited a greater extent of renal hypertrophy. In vitro, adiponectin attenuated high-glucose-induced phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K). A higher level of fibrosis was observed in the tubulointerstitial and glomerular compartments of the Akita/APN(-/-) mice and adiponectin was found to inhibit TGFβ-induced Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation in vitro. There was an exaggerated inflammatory response in the Akita/APN(-/-) mice. Adiponectin also inhibited high-glucose-induced activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in mesangial cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that adiponectin is an important determinant of the kidney response to high glucose in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fang
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada,
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Chan WK, Howe K, Clegg JM, Guimond SE, Price DJ, Turnbull JE, Pratt T. 2-O Heparan Sulfate Sulfation by Hs2st Is Required for Erk/Mapk Signalling Activation at the Mid-Gestational Mouse Telencephalic Midline. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130147. [PMID: 26075383 PMCID: PMC4468130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear carbohydrate composed of polymerized uronate-glucosamine disaccharide units that decorates cell surface and secreted glycoproteins in the extracellular matrix. In mammals HS is subjected to differential sulfation by fifteen different heparan sulfotransferase (HST) enzymes of which Hs2st uniquely catalyzes the sulfation of the 2-O position of the uronate in HS. HS sulfation is postulated to be important for regulation of signaling pathways by facilitating the interaction of HS with signaling proteins including those of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf) family which signal through phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases Erk1/2. In the developing mouse telencephalon Fgf2 signaling regulates proliferation and neurogenesis. Loss of Hs2st function phenocopies the thinned cerebral cortex of mutant mice in which Fgf2 or Erk1/2 function are abrogated, suggesting the hypothesis that 2-O-sulfated HS structures play a specific role in Fgf2/Erk signaling pathway in this context in vivo. This study investigated the molecular role of 2-O sulfation in Fgf2/Erk signaling in the developing telencephalic midline midway through mouse embryogenesis at E12.5. We examined the expression of Hs2st, Fgf2, and Erk1/2 activity in wild-type and Hs2st-/- mice. We found that Hs2st is expressed at high levels at the midline correlating with high levels of Erk1/2 activation and Erk1/2 activation was drastically reduced in the Hs2st-/- mutant at the rostral telencephalic midline. We also found that 2-O sulfation is specifically required for the binding of Fgf2 protein to Fgfr1, its major cell-surface receptor at the rostral telencephalic midline. We conclude that 2-O sulfated HS structures generated by Hs2st are needed to form productive signaling complexes between HS, Fgf2 and Fgfr1 that activate Erk1/2 at the midline. Overall, our data suggest the interesting possibility that differential expression of Hs2st targets the rostral telencephalic midline for high levels of Erk signaling by increasing the sensitivity of cells to an Fgf2 signal that is rather more widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kit Chan
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Howe
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Clegg
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- Centre for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Price
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Centre for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Pratt
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Tao Y, Zhou X, Liang C, Li H, Han B, Li F, Chen Q. TGF-β3 and IGF-1 synergy ameliorates nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards the nucleus pulposus cell type through MAPK/ERK signaling. Growth Factors 2015; 33:326-36. [PMID: 26431359 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2015.1088532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the synergy between transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NP-MSCs) and the underlying mechanism using a serum-free culture system. NP-MSC proliferation and viability were measured using a CCK-8 assay and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide, respectively. NP-MSCs in micromasses were investigated for differentiation towards nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). SOX-9, collagen-I, collagen-II, aggrecan and decorin expressions were detected by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Matrix deposition was assessed by sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) analysis. Novel chondrogenic and nucleus pulposus (NP) genes were detected to distinguish differentiated cell types. MAPK/ERK and TGF/Smad signaling pathways were also examined. As a result, the synergy between TGF-β3 and IGF-1 enhanced NP-MSC viability, extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis and differentiation towards NPCs, partly through the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, the synergy between TGF-β3 and IGF-1 ameliorates NP-MSC viability, differentiation and promotes intervertebral disc regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Tao
- a Department of Orthopedics , 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- a Department of Orthopedics , 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- a Department of Orthopedics , 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Hao Li
- a Department of Orthopedics , 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Bin Han
- a Department of Orthopedics , 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fangcai Li
- a Department of Orthopedics , 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Qixin Chen
- a Department of Orthopedics , 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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