1
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Wolfram L, Gimpel C, Schwämmle M, Clark SJ, Böhringer D, Schlunck G. The impact of substrate stiffness on morphological, transcriptional and functional aspects in RPE. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7488. [PMID: 38553490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the structure and composition of Bruch's membrane (BrM) and loss of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are associated with various ocular diseases, notably age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as well as several inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). We explored the influence of stiffness as a major BrM characteristic on the RPE transcriptome and morphology. ARPE-19 cells were plated on soft ( E = 30 kPa ) or stiff ( E = 80 kPa ) polyacrylamide gels (PA gels) or standard tissue culture plastic (TCP). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data on differentially expressed small RNAs (sRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were validated by qPCR, immunofluorescence or western blotting. The microRNA (miRNA) fraction of sRNAs grew with substrate stiffness and distinct miRNAs such as miR-204 or miR-222 were differentially expressed. mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were stably expressed, suggesting a homeostatic effect of miRNAs. mRNA transcription patterns were substrate stiffness-dependent, including components of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) and Dicer. These findings highlight the relevance of mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cell culture experiments, especially those focusing on ECM-related diseases, such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Wolfram
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Clara Gimpel
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Schlosspark-Klinik Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwämmle
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon J Clark
- Department for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Böhringer
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günther Schlunck
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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2
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Isa AI. Exploring signaling pathway crosstalk in glioma by mapping miRNA and WNT pathways: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128722. [PMID: 38092099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is a significant healthcare burden; nevertheless, the particular genetic regulatory mechanism underpinning its onset and progression is still unknown. Recent research has focused in large part on trying to determine the underlying molecular pathways that contribute to the malignancy of this disease because of the difficulties in treating it. Many tumors have been linked to changes in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs play a critical role in cancer development by controlling a wide variety of targets and signaling cascades. A rising body of evidence emphasizes WNT pathway dysregulation in glioma, despite the fact that it is dysregulated in many malignancies. Here, we give a detailed analysis of the roles played by miRNAs in the WNT pathway by glioma. We also demonstrate how the WNT pathway cooperates with miRNAs to control a variety of functions, including cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Imam Isa
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Sharma AK, Bisht P, Gupta B, Sayeed Akhtar MD, Shaik Alavudeen S, Afzal O, Sa Altamimi A. Investigating miRNA subfamilies: Can they assist in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction? Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103695. [PMID: 37406730 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
This report focuses on small non-coding RNA molecules (miRNAs), which have emerged as potential biomarkers with variable diagnostic values and false-positives in different conditions that limit their clinical preference. Current investigations focus on small non-coding RNA molecules (miRNAs), which have emerged as potential biomarkers with variable diagnostic values and false-positives in different conditions that limit their clinical preference. We thoroughly scrutinize the leading pathology of myocardial infarction and contemporary alterations in miRNAs for their specificity, stability and significant prognostic value at the early stage of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Based on secondary data analysis, we explore common biomarkers and further investigate included miRNA biomarkers for their specificity, stability and area under the curve (AUC) values. We conclude that a group of novel biomarkers, including miRNA-1, miRNA-208a/b and miRNA-499, could help predict the emergence of AMI at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India.
| | - Priyanka Bisht
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Bishal Gupta
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
| | - M D Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, AlFara, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sirajudeen Shaik Alavudeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, AlFara, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik Sa Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Alimohammadi M, Gholinezhad Y, Mousavi V, Kahkesh S, Rezaee M, Yaghoobi A, Mafi A, Araghi M. Circular RNAs: novel actors of Wnt signaling pathway in lung cancer progression. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:645-669. [PMID: 37636026 PMCID: PMC10450211 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a class of regulatory RNA transcripts, which are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. CircRNA dysregulation has been shown to disrupt the interaction of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which regulates several biological processes involved in tumorigenesis, thereby contributing to the development and progression of cancer. Interactions of tumor-derived circRNAs with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway provide both clinical diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets. In this review, we outlined current evidence on the roles of circRNAs associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulating lung cancer formation and development. We believe that our findings will assist in the advancement or establishment of circRNA-based lung cancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Alimohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Gholinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Mousavi
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kahkesh
- Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yaghoobi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Araghi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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5
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Rahmani F, Hashemian P, Tabrizi AT, Ghorbani Z, Ziaeemehr A, Alijannejad S, Ferns GA, Avan A, Shahidsales S. Regulatory role of miRNAs on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tumorigenesis of glioblastoma. Indian J Cancer 2023; 60:295-302. [PMID: 37787188 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_251_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive tumors in the brain with high mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in therapeutic strategies, the survival rate remains low in patients with GBM. The pathogenesis of GBM is a very complicated process involving various genetic mutations affecting several oncogenic signaling pathways like Wnt/β-catenin axis. Overactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is associated with decreased survival and poor prognosis in patients with GBM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to play important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis by modulating the expression of their target genes. Aberrant expression of miRNAs were reported in various human malignancies including GBM, breast, colorectal, liver, and prostate cancers, but little is known about their cellular mechanisms. Therefore, recognition of the expression profile and regulatory effects of miRNAs on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may offer a novel approach for the classification, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients with GBM. This review summarizes previous data on the modulatory role of miRNAs on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway implicated in tumorigenesis of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rahmani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pedram Hashemian
- Department of Pathology, Jahad Daneshgahi Institute, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Zeynab Ghorbani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aghigh Ziaeemehr
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajede Alijannejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Akhavanfar R, Shafagh SG, Mohammadpour B, Farahmand Y, Lotfalizadeh MH, Kookli K, Adili A, Siri G, Eshagh Hosseini SM. A comprehensive insight into the correlation between ncRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in gastric cancer pathogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:166. [PMID: 37386429 PMCID: PMC10308667 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, gastric cancer (GC) has emerged as one of the most frequent malignancies with a growing rate of prevalence around the world. Despite considerable advances in therapeutic methods, the prognosis and management of patients with gastric cancer (GC) continue to be poor. As one of the candidate molecular targets in the treatment of many types of cancer, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway includes a family of proteins that have important functions in adult tissue homeostasis and embryonic development. The aberrant regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is strongly correlated with the initiation and development of numerous cancers, including GC. Therefore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been identified as one of the main targets for extending therapeutic approaches for GC patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long ncRNAs, are important components of epigenetic mechanisms in gene regulation. They play vital roles in various molecular and cellular processes and regulate many signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Insights into these regulatory molecules involved in GC development may lead to the identification of potential targets for overcoming the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. Consequently, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of ncRNAs interactions involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway function in GC with diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Akhavanfar
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Yalda Farahmand
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keihan Kookli
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Adili
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Goli Siri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Ramakrishna K, Nalla LV, Naresh D, Venkateswarlu K, Viswanadh MK, Nalluri BN, Chakravarthy G, Duguluri S, Singh P, Rai SN, Kumar A, Singh V, Singh SK. WNT-β Catenin Signaling as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspective. Diseases 2023; 11:89. [PMID: 37489441 PMCID: PMC10366863 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin (WβC) signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis from the embryonic developmental stages to adulthood. The canonical pathway of WβC signaling is essential for neurogenesis, cell proliferation, and neurogenesis, whereas the noncanonical pathway (WNT/Ca2+ and WNT/PCP) is responsible for cell polarity, calcium maintenance, and cell migration. Abnormal regulation of WβC signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Hence, the alteration of WβC signaling is considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. In the present review, we have used the bibliographical information from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to address the current prospects of WβC signaling role in the abovementioned neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakarla Ramakrishna
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Dumala Naresh
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Kojja Venkateswarlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, IIT BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Matte Kasi Viswanadh
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Buchi N Nalluri
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Guntupalli Chakravarthy
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Deemed to be University (KLU), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, India
| | - Sajusha Duguluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathi Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, India
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Veer Singh
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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8
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Significance of miRNAs on the thyroid cancer progression and resistance to treatment with special attention to the role of cross-talk between signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154371. [PMID: 36791561 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most prevalent endocrine malignant tumor. It has many types, the Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC)(most common and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Several risk factors have been associated with TC radiation exposure, autoimmunity, and genetics. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are the most important genetic determinants of TC. They are small chains of nucleic acids that are able to inhibit the expression of several target genes. They could target several genes involved in TC proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, development, and even resistance to therapy. Besides, they could influence the stemness of TC. Moreover, they could regulate several signaling pathways such as WNT/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, JAK/STAT, TGF- β, EGFR, and P53. Besides signaling pathways, miRNAs are also involved in the resistance of TC to major treatments such as surgery, thyroid hormone-inhibiting therapy, radioactive iodine, and adjuvant radiation. The stability and sensitivity of several miRNAs might be exploited as an approach for the usage of miRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in TC.
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9
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Nasrpour Navaei Z, Taghehchian N, Zangouei AS, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. MicroRNA-506 as a tumor suppressor in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma by regulation of WNT and NOTCH signaling pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:594-602. [PMID: 37051101 PMCID: PMC10083834 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.69174.15069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive thyroid tumor type that has a poor prognosis due to its high therapeutic resistance. Since ATC accounts for half of thyroid cancer-related deaths, it is required to introduce novel therapeutic targets to increase survival in ATC patients. WNT and NOTCH signaling pathways are the pivotal regulators of cell proliferation and migration that can be regulated by microRNAs. We assessed the role of miR-506 in the regulation of cell migration, apoptosis, and drug resistance via NOTCH and WNT pathways in ATC cells. Materials and Methods The levels of miR-506 expressions were assessed in ATC cells and tissues. The levels of NOTCH, WNT, and EMT-related gene expressions were also assessed in miR-506 ectopic expressed cells compared with controls. Cell migration and drug resistance were also evaluated to assess the role of miR-506 in the regulation of ATC aggressiveness. Results There were significant miR-506 down-regulations in ATC cells and clinical samples compared with normal cells and margins. MiR-506 suppressed NOTCH and WNT signaling pathways through LEF1, DVL, FZD1, HEY2, HES5, and HEY2 down-regulations, and APC and GSK3b up-regulations. MiR-506 significantly inhibited ATC cell migration and EMT (P=0.028). Moreover, miR-506 significantly increased Cisplatin (P=0.004), Paclitaxel (P<0.0001), and Doxorubicin (P=0.0014) sensitivities in ATC cells. Conclusion MiR-506 regulated EMT, cell migration, and chemoresistance through regulation of WNT and NOTCH signaling pathways in ATC cells. Therefore, after confirmation with animal studies, it can be introduced as an efficient novel therapeutic factor for ATC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nasrpour Navaei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Corresponding authors: Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan. Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ; Meysam Moghbeli. Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ;
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Corresponding authors: Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan. Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ; Meysam Moghbeli. Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ;
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10
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Lopez LV, Camberos V, Bailey LL, Hasaniya N, Ramos C, Hughes L, Knox C, Kearns-Jonker MK. MicroRNA Expression in the Infarcted Heart Following Neonatal Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell Transplantation in a Sheep Model of Stem Cell-Based Repair. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221136787. [PMID: 36564913 PMCID: PMC9793054 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221136787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarctions affect approximately 735,000 people annually in the United States and have a substantial impact on quality of life. Neonates have an enhanced capability of repairing cardiovascular damage, while adults do not. The mechanistic basis for this age-dependent difference in regenerative capacity remains unknown. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in regulating the regenerative ability of cardiovascular cells. This report defines the alterations in miRNA expression within the cardiovascular repair zone of infarcted sheep hearts following intracardiac injection of neonatal islet-1+ cardiovascular progenitor cells. Sheep were infarcted via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. After 3 to 4 weeks of infarction, sheep neonatal islet-1+ cardiovascular progenitor cells were injected into the infarcted area for repair. Cell-treated sheep were euthanized 2 months following cell injection, and their hearts were harvested for the analysis of miRNA and gene expression within the cardiovascular repair zone. Ten miRNAs were differentially regulated in vivo, including miR-99, miR-100, miR-302a, miR-208a, miR-665, miR-1, miR-499a, miR-34a, miR-133a, and miR-199a. These miRNAs promote stemness, cell division, and survival. Several signaling pathways are regulated by these miRNAs, including Hippo, Wnt, and Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene B (ERBB). Transcripts encoding Wnt, ERBB, and Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) were elevated in vivo in the infarct repair zone. Wnt5a signaling and ERBB/NRG1 transcripts contribute to activation of Yes-Associated Protein 1. MiRNAs that impact proliferation, cell survival, and signaling pathways that promote regeneration were induced during cardiovascular repair in the sheep model. This information can be used to design new approaches for the optimization of miRNA-based treatments for the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry V. Lopez
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Victor Camberos
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Leonard L. Bailey
- Department of Cardiovascular and
Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA,
USA
| | - Nahidh Hasaniya
- Department of Cardiovascular and
Thoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA,
USA
| | - Christopher Ramos
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lorelei Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Cole Knox
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mary K. Kearns-Jonker
- Department of Pathology and Human
Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA,Mary K. Kearns-Jonker, Department of
Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma
Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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11
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Robb E, McCammick EM, Wells D, McVeigh P, Gardiner E, Armstrong R, McCusker P, Mousley A, Clarke N, Marks NJ, Maule AG. Transcriptomic analysis supports a role for the nervous system in regulating growth and development of Fasciola hepatica juveniles. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010854. [PMCID: PMC9639813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola spp. liver flukes have significant impacts in veterinary and human medicine. The absence of a vaccine and increasing anthelmintic resistance threaten sustainable control and underscore the need for novel flukicides. Functional genomic approaches underpinned by in vitro culture of juvenile Fasciola hepatica facilitate control target validation in the most pathogenic life stage. Comparative transcriptomics of in vitro and in vivo maintained 21 day old F. hepatica finds that 86% of genes are expressed at similar levels across maintenance treatments suggesting commonality in core biological functioning within these juveniles. Phenotypic comparisons revealed higher cell proliferation and growth rates in the in vivo juveniles compared to their in vitro counterparts. These phenotypic differences were consistent with the upregulation of neoblast-like stem cell and cell-cycle associated genes in in vivo maintained worms. The more rapid growth/development of in vivo juveniles was further evidenced by a switch in cathepsin protease expression profiles, dominated by cathepsin B in in vitro juveniles and by cathepsin L in in vivo juveniles. Coincident with more rapid growth/development was the marked downregulation of both classical and peptidergic neuronal signalling components in in vivo maintained juveniles, supporting a role for the nervous system in regulating liver fluke growth and development. Differences in the miRNA complements of in vivo and in vitro juveniles identified 31 differentially expressed miRNAs, including fhe-let-7a-5p, fhe-mir-124-3p and miRNAs predicted to target Wnt-signalling, which supports a key role for miRNAs in driving the growth/developmental differences in the in vitro and in vivo maintained juvenile liver fluke. Widespread differences in the expression of neuronal genes in juvenile fluke grown in vitro and in vivo expose significant interplay between neuronal signalling and the rate of growth/development, encouraging consideration of neuronal targets in efforts to dysregulate growth/development for parasite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Robb
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ER); (EMM); (AGM)
| | - Erin M. McCammick
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ER); (EMM); (AGM)
| | - Duncan Wells
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McVeigh
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Gardiner
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Armstrong
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McCusker
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Mousley
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Clarke
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki J. Marks
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron G. Maule
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ER); (EMM); (AGM)
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12
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Behera JK, Bhattacharya M, Mishra P, Mishra A, Dash AA, Kar NB, Behera B, Patra BC. Regulatory role of miRNAs in Wnt signaling pathway linked with cardiovascular diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 3:100133. [PMID: 36568258 PMCID: PMC9780067 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are discovered in science about 23 years ago. These are short, a series of non-coding, single-stranded and evolutionary conserved RNA molecules found in eukaryotic cells. It involved post-transcriptional fine-tune protein expression and repressing the target of mRNA in different biological processes. These miRNAs binds with the 3'-UTR region of specific mRNAs to phosphorylate the mRNA degradation and inhibit the translation process in various tissues. Therefore, aberrant expression in miRNAs induces numerous cardiovascular diseases and developmental defects. Subsequently, the miRNAs and Wnt singling pathway are regulating a cellular process in cardiac development and regeneration, maintain the homeostasis and associated heart diseases. In Wnt signaling pathway majority of the signaling components are expressed and regulated by miRNAs, whereas the inhibition or dysfunction of the Wnt signaling pathway induces cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, inadequate studies about the important role of miRNAs in heart development and diseases through Wnt signaling pathway has been exist still now. For this reason in present review we summarize and update the involvement of miRNAs and the role of Wnt signaling in cardiovascular diseases. We have discussed the mechanism of miRNA functions which regulates the Wnt components in cellular signaling pathway. The fundamental understanding of Wnt signaling regulation and mechanisms of miRNAs is quite essential for study of heart development and related diseases. This approach definitely enlighten the future research to provide a new strategy for formulation of novel therapeutic approaches against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiban Kumar Behera
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Pabitra Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Adya Anindita Dash
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Niladri Bhusan Kar
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Bhaskar Behera
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Patra
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
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13
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Upscaling human mesenchymal stromal cell production in a novel vertical-wheel bioreactor enhances extracellular vesicle secretion and cargo profile. Bioact Mater 2022; 25:732-747. [PMID: 37056276 PMCID: PMC10087597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are mechanically sensitive undergoing phenotypic alterations when subjected to shear stress, cell aggregation, and substrate changes encountered in 3D dynamic bioreactor cultures. However, little is known about how bioreactor microenvironment affects the secretion and cargo profiles of hMSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) including the subset, "exosomes", which contain therapeutic proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from the parent cells. In this study, bone marrow-derived hMSCs were expanded on 3D Synthemax II microcarriers in the PBS mini 0.1L Vertical-Wheel bioreactor system under variable shear stress levels at 25, 40, and 64 RPM (0.1-0.3 dyn/cm2). The bioreactor system promotes EV secretion from hMSCs by 2.5-fold and upregulates the expression of EV biogenesis markers and glycolysis genes compared to the static 2D culture. The microRNA cargo was also altered in the EVs from bioreactor culture including the upregulation of miR-10, 19a, 19b, 21, 132, and 377. EV protein cargo was characterized by proteomics analysis, showing upregulation of metabolic, autophagy and ROS-related proteins comparing with 2D cultured EVs. In addition, the scalability of the Vertical-Wheel bioreactor system was demonstrated in a 0.5L bioreactor, showing similar or better hMSC-EV secretion and cargo content compared to the 0.1L bioreactor. This study advances our understanding of bio-manufacturing of stem cell-derived EVs for applications in cell-free therapy towards treating neurological disorders such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
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14
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Vetrivel S, Zhang R, Engel M, Oßwald A, Watts D, Chen A, Wielockx B, Sbiera S, Reincke M, Riester A. Characterization of Adrenal miRNA-Based Dysregulations in Cushing's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147676. [PMID: 35887024 PMCID: PMC9320303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are important epigenetic players with tissue- and disease-specific effects. In this study, our aim was to investigate the putative differential expression of miRNAs in adrenal tissues from different forms of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). For this, miRNA-based next-generation sequencing was performed in adrenal tissues taken from patients with ACTH-independent cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenomas (CPA), from patients with ACTH-dependent pituitary Cushing’s disease (CD) after bilateral adrenalectomy, and from control subjects. A confirmatory QPCR was also performed in adrenals from patients with other CS subtypes, such as primary bilateral macronodular hyperplasia and ectopic CS. Sequencing revealed significant differences in the miRNA profiles of CD and CPA. QPCR revealed the upregulated expression of miR-1247-5p in CPA and PBMAH (log2 fold change > 2.5, p < 0.05). MiR-379-5p was found to be upregulated in PBMAH and CD (log2 fold change > 1.8, p < 0.05). Analyses of miR-1247-5p and miR-379-5p expression in the adrenals of mice which had been exposed to short-term ACTH stimulation showed no influence on the adrenal miRNA expression profiles. For miRNA-specific target prediction, RNA-seq data from the adrenals of CPA, PBMAH, and control samples were analyzed with different bioinformatic platforms. The analyses revealed that both miR-1247-5p and miR-379-5p target specific genes in the WNT signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study identified distinct adrenal miRNAs as being associated with CS subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmilee Vetrivel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (S.V.); (R.Z.); (A.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Ru Zhang
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (S.V.); (R.Z.); (A.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Mareen Engel
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.E.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Oßwald
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (S.V.); (R.Z.); (A.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Deepika Watts
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.W.); (B.W.)
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; (M.E.); (A.C.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.W.); (B.W.)
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (S.V.); (R.Z.); (A.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Anna Riester
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (S.V.); (R.Z.); (A.O.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-440052111
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15
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Yuan X, Sun L, Jeske R, Nkosi D, York SB, Liu Y, Grant SC, Meckes DG, Li Y. Engineering extracellular vesicles by three-dimensional dynamic culture of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12235. [PMID: 35716062 PMCID: PMC9206229 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown therapeutic potential in recent studies. However, the corresponding therapeutic components are largely unknown, and scale-up production of hMSC EVs is a major challenge for translational applications. In the current study, hMSCs were grown as 3D aggregates under wave motion to promote EV secretion. Results demonstrate that 3D hMSC aggregates promote activation of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent and -independent pathways. mRNA sequencing revealed global transcriptome alterations for 3D hMSC aggregates. Compared to 2D-hMSC-EVs, the quantity of 3D-hMSC-EVs was enhanced significantly (by 2-fold), with smaller sizes, higher miR-21 and miR-22 expression, and an altered protein cargo (e.g., upregulation of cytokines and anti-inflammatory factors) uncovered by proteomics analysis, possibly due to altered EV biogenesis. Functionally, 3D-hMSC-EVs rejuvenated senescent stem cells and exhibited enhanced immunomodulatory potentials. In summary, this study provides a promising strategy for scalable production of high-quality EVs from hMSCs with enhanced therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Dingani Nkosi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Sara B York
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Samuel C Grant
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - David G Meckes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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16
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Zhang H, Wang J, Wang Y, Li J, Zhao L, Zhang T, Liao X. Long Non-Coding LEF1-AS1 Sponge miR-5100 Regulates Apoptosis and Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Cells via the miR-5100/DEK/AMPK-mTOR Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4787. [PMID: 35563178 PMCID: PMC9101949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DEK and miR-5100 play critical roles in many steps of cancer initiation and progression and are directly or indirectly regulated by most promoters and repressors. LEF1-AS1 as a long non-coding RNA can regulate tumor development through sponge miRNA. The effect and regulatory mechanism of DEK on autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer (GC), and the role between miR-5100 and DEK or miR-5100 and LEF1-AS1 are still unclear. Our study found that DEK was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, and knockdown of DEK inhibited the autophagy of cells, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer. DEK regulates autophagy and apoptosis through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, miR-5100 inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis in GC cells while LEF1-AS1 had the opposite effect. Studies have shown that miR-5100 acts by targeting the 3'UTR of DEK, and LEF1-AS1 regulates the expression of miR-5100 by sponging with mIR-5100. In conclusion, our results found that LEF1-AS1 and miR-5100 sponge function, and the miR-5100/DEK/AMPK/mTOR axis regulates autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinghua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; (H.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (T.Z.)
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17
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Zhang M, Yang D, Yu H, Li Q. MicroRNA-497 inhibits inflammation in DSS-induced IBD model mice and lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108318. [PMID: 34775365 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS MicroRNA (miR)-497 is downregulated in several inflammatory diseases, excluding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study is to evaluate whether miR-497 inhibits gut inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The 3% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) was used to induce experimental colitis, while 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was for RAW264.7 cell damage.Colitis severity was evaluated by disease activity index (DAI), colon length, histopathologic injury, etc. The nuclear transcription factor NF-κB activity in colon tissues was also estimated by western blot. Then, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-497, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in colon tissues and RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway was determined by western blot and TOP/FOP-flash reporter assays. RESULTS The level of miR-497 was reduced in inflamed mucosa from IBD patients, mice with colitis and LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. miR-497 knockout (miR-497 KO) mice were more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis, with increased inflammatory response, compared with control mice. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-497 reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Finally, we found that miR-497 inhibited inflammation through Wnt/β-catenin pathway both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that miR-497 inhibits inflammation in DSS-induced IBD model mice and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway and the release of cytokines, indicating that miR-497 plays a key role in the progression of IBD. Thus, therapeutic regulation of miR-497 expression may be beneficial for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honggang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Neuhaus J, Weimann A, Berndt-Paetz M. Immunocytochemical Analysis of Endogenous Frizzled-(Co-)Receptor Interactions and Rapid Wnt Pathway Activation in Mammalian Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12057. [PMID: 34769487 PMCID: PMC8584856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential activation of Wnt pathways (canonical: Wnt/β-catenin; non-canonical: planar cell polarity (PCP), Wnt/Ca2+) depends on the cell-specific availability and regulation of Wnt receptors, called Frizzled (FZD). FZDs selectively recruit co-receptors to activate various downstream effectors. We established a proximity ligation assay (PLA) for the detection of endogenous FZD-co-receptor interactions and analyzed time-dependent Wnt pathway activation in cultured cells. Prostate cancer cells (PC-3) stimulated by Wnt ligands (Wnt5A, Wnt10B) were analyzed by Cy3-PLA for the co-localization of FZD6 and co-receptors (canonical: LRP6, non-canonical: ROR1) at the single-cell level. Downstream effector activation was assayed by immunocytochemistry. PLA allowed the specific (siRNA-verified) detection of FZD6-LRP6 and FZD6-ROR1 complexes as highly fluorescent spots. Incubation with Wnt10B led to increased FZD6-LRP6 interactions after 2 to 4 min and resulted in nuclear accumulation of β-catenin within 5 min. Wnt5A stimulation resulted in a higher number of FZD6-ROR1 complexes after 2 min. Elevated levels of phosphorylated myosin phosphatase target 1 suggested subsequent Wnt/PCP activation in PC-3. This is the first study demonstrating time-dependent interactions of endogenous Wnt (co-)receptors followed by rapid Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/PCP activation in PC-3. In conclusion, the PLA could uncover novel signatures of Wnt receptor activation in mammalian cells and may provide new insights into involved signaling routes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mandy Berndt-Paetz
- Department of Urology, Research Laboratories, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (J.N.); (A.W.)
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19
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Caponnetto A, Battaglia R, Ragusa M, Barbagallo D, Lunelio F, Borzì P, Scollo P, Purrello M, Vento ME, Di Pietro C. Molecular profiling of follicular fluid microRNAs in young women affected by Hodgkin lymphoma. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:1045-1056. [PMID: 34627683 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Treatments for Hodgkin lymphoma have improved but one of their common effects is gonadal toxicity, which contributes to fertility damage of patients and induces temporary or irreversible loss of fertility. Could micro-RNA (miRNA) expression profiles in follicular fluid be influenced by Hodgkin lymphoma? Could their alteration affect molecular pathways involved in follicle growth and oocyte maturation? DESIGN miRNA expression profile was investigated in follicular fluid samples from young women affected by Hodgkin lymphoma compared with healthy controls by NanoString technology. Bioinformatic analysis was used to verify miRNA involvement in follicle development and miRNA deregulation with Hodgkin lymphoma in a larger cohort of follicular fluid samples was confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Thirteen miRNAs are deregulated in Hodgkin lymphoma samples compared with controls and are involved in molecular pathways related to cancer, gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Among them, let-7b-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-503-5p, miR-574-5p and miR-1303 are implicated in biological processes related to follicle development and oocyte maturation. Let-7b-5p holds the central position in the regulatory network of miRNA-mRNA interactions, has the highest number of mRNA target genes shared with the other differentially expressed miRNAs and is significantly downregulated in Hodgkin lymphoma follicular fluid samples. CONCLUSIONS These data led us to question the potential influence of miRNA deregulation on oocyte quality. Further studies are needed to verify the reproductive potential of young patients with Hodgkin lymphoma before starting chemotherapy protocols and an adequate protocol of fertility preservation needs to be guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Caponnetto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics 'Giovanni Sichel', University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Rosalia Battaglia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics 'Giovanni Sichel', University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy.
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics 'Giovanni Sichel', University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina 94018, Italy
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics 'Giovanni Sichel', University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on the Diagnosis and Therapy of Brain Tumors, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics 'Giovanni Sichel', University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics 'Giovanni Sichel', University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
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Li J, Zhang H, Bei S, Zhang X, Li H, Ye L, Feng L. Disruption of Wnt/β-catenin Pathway Elevates the Sensitivity of Gastric Cancer Cells to PD-1 Antibody. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:557-569. [PMID: 34139974 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210617163821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy tumor and the third cause of cancer-related death around the world. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies play an active role in tumor therapy. A recent study reveals that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is negatively correlated with T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby influencing the therapeutic efficacy of the PD-1 antibody. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to uncover the relationship of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to CD8+ T cell activity as well as its effect on anti-PD-1 therapeutic efficacy in GC. METHODS We first collected clinical samples and went through an immunohistochemical analysis and found that a high β-catenin expression in GC tissues was often associated with a significant absence of CD8+ T-cell infiltration. RESULTS In addition, our data further indicated that disruption of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in GC cells inhibited their migratory and invasive ability. Meanwhile, enhanced sensitivity of GC cells to PD-1 blockade therapy was evident by decreased Jurkat cell apoptosis rate and increased GC cell apoptosis rate in a tumor and Jurkat cells co-culture system with the presence of Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway might play a significant role in modulating the activity of Jurkat cells, and downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin may enhance the sensitivity of GC cells to PD-1 antibody in vitro. This result further indicated that β-catenin and PD-1 targeted inhibition might become a potential and effective therapy for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Endoscopy center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immuno Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Songhua Bei
- Endoscopy center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Endoscopy center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Huanqing Li
- Endoscopy center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immuno Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Feng
- Endoscopy center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
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21
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Fasoulakis Z, Theodora M, Tsirkas I, Tsirka T, Kalagasidou S, Inagamova L, Papamanolis V, Blontzos N, Kontomanolis EN. The Role of microRNAs Identified in the Amniotic Fluid. Microrna 2021; 9:8-16. [PMID: 30887932 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666190318105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to provide an overall view of current data considering the presence of microRNAs in amniotic fluid. METHODS The available literature in MEDLINE, regarding the role of the amniotic fluid in pregnancy and fetal development, was searched for related articles including terms such as "microRNA", "Amniotic fluid", "Adverse outcome" and others. RESULTS The amniotic fluid has an undoubtedly significant part in fetal nutrition, with a protecting and thermoregulatory role alongside. MicroRNAs have proven to be highly expressed during pregnancy in many body liquids including amniotic fluid and are transferred between cells loaded in exosomes, while they are also implicated in many processes during fetal development and could be potential biomarkers for early prediction of adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION Current knowledge reveals that amniotic fluid microRNAs participate in many developmental and physiological processes of pregnancy including proliferation of fibroblasts, fetal development, angiogenesis, cardioprotection, activation of signaling pathways, differentiation and cell motility, while the expression profile of specific microRNAs has a potential prognostic role in the prediction of Down syndrome, congenital hydronephrosis and kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Fasoulakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Thrace, Greece
| | - Marianna Theodora
- 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsirkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Thrace, Greece
| | - Theodora Tsirka
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Thrace, Greece
| | - Sofia Kalagasidou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bodosakio General Hospital of Ptolemaida, Ptolemaida, Greece
| | - Lola Inagamova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Thrace, Greece
| | - Valentinos Papamanolis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Korinthos, Korinthos, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Blontzos
- 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Sun Q, Liu S, Feng J, Kang Y, Zhou Y, Guo S. Current Status of MicroRNAs that Target the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Regulation of Osteogenesis and Bone Metabolism: A Review. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e929510. [PMID: 33828067 PMCID: PMC8043416 DOI: 10.12659/msm.929510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The directional differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is regulated by a variety of transcription factors and intracellular signaling pathways. In the past, it was thought that the directional differentiation of BMSCs was related to transforming growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and MAPK pathway. However, in recent years, some scholars have pointed out that the Wnt signaling pathway, which is a necessary complex network of protein interactions for biological growth and development, takes a significant role in this process and plays a major part in regulating the development of osteoblasts by exerting signal transduction into cells. Also, they have proved the Wnt protein therapeutic truly have positive effects on the viability and osteogenic capacity of bone graft. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulatory role in this process. MiRNAs such as miRNA-218, miRNA-335, miRNA-29, microRNA-30 and other miRNAs exert negative or positive effects on some crucial molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which in turn affect bone metabolism and osteopathy. Thus, miRNAs have been suggested as therapeutic targets for some metabolic bone diseases. This article aims to provide an update on the current status of microRNAs that target the Wnt signaling pathway in the regulation of osteogenesis and bone metabolism and includes a discussion of future areas of research, which can be a theoretical basis for bone metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hopital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hopital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jingyi Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hopital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hopital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hopital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hopital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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23
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Gong H, Zhang M, Han Y, Zhang Y, Pang J, Zhao Y, Chen B, Wu W, Qi R, Zhang T. Differential microRNAs expression profiles in liver from three different lifestyle modification mice models. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:196. [PMID: 33740891 PMCID: PMC7977600 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs play an important role in many fundamental biological and pathological processes. Defining the microRNAs profile underlying the processes by beneficial and detrimental lifestyles, including caloric restriction (CR), exercise and high-fat diet (HF), is necessary for understanding both normal physiology and the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. We used the microarray to detect microRNAs expression in livers from CR, EX and HF mice models. After predicted potential target genes of differentially expressed microRNAs with four algorithms, we applied GO and KEGG to analyze the function of predicted microRNA targets. Results We describe the overall microRNAs expression pattern, and identified 84 differentially expressed microRNAs changed by one or two or even all the three lifestyle modifications. The common and different enriched categories of gene function and main biochemical and signal transduction pathways were presented. Conclusions We provided for the first time a comprehensive and thorough comparison of microRNAs expression profiles in liver among these lifestyle modifications. With this knowledge, our findings provide us with an overall vision of microRNAs in the molecular impact of lifestyle on health as well as useful clues for future and thorough research of the role of microRNAs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07507-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Han
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Beidong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruomei Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiemei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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Hu B, Ma X, Fu P, Sun Q, Tang W, Sun H, Yang Z, Yu M, Zhou J, Fan J, Xu Y. miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network and Factors Associated with Prediction of Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:913-925. [PMID: 33741523 PMCID: PMC9402792 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify novel gene and miRNA biomarkers of risk and prognostic factors for hepatocarcinogenesis using methods in systems biology. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) were compared between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumour tissue and normal liver tissues in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, the prognosis-associated gene co-expression network, mRNA-miRNA, and mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory networks were constructed to identify biomarkers of risk for HCC through Cox survival analysis. Seven prognosis-associated gene co-expression modules were obtained by analyzing these DEGs. An expression module including 120 genes significantly correlated with HCC patient survival. Combined with patient survival data, several mRNAs and miRNAs, including CHST4, SLC22A8, STC2, hsa-miR-326, and hsa-miR-21 were identified from the network to predict HCC patient prognosis. Clinical significance was investigated using tissue microarray analysis of samples from 258 patients with HCC. Functional annotation of hsa-miR-326 and hsa-miR-21-5p indicated specific associations with several cancer-related pathways. The present study provides a bioinformatics method for biomarker screening, which led to the identification of an integrated mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network and their co-expression in relation to predicting HCC patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaolu Ma
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peiyao Fu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiman Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiguo Tang
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhangfu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mincheng Yu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy (MNTI) and Pineal Anlage Tumor (PAT) Harbor A Medulloblastoma Signature by DNA Methylation Profiling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040706. [PMID: 33572349 PMCID: PMC7916108 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare tumor of uncertain origin, morphologically overlapping other rare neoplasms such as pineal anlage tumor (PAT) and a subset of medulloblastomas (i.e., melanotic medulloblastoma). Despite the similarities with MNTI, their possible histogenetic relationship has been traditionally disregarded based on their aggressive behavior and dismal prognosis. The aim of this study was to further characterize the molecular features of MNTI and PAT based on DNA-methylation and copy number variation profiling analysis. We found that MNTI shares a methylation profile with group 3 high-risk medulloblastoma, and potentially with PAT, suggesting a common histogenesis. Most MNTIs in our series lacked copy number variation alterations, whereas their presence in the one PAT deserves further study in larger cohorts to better determine their impact in prognosis and biologic behavior. Abstract MNTI is a rare tumor of indeterminate histogenesis and molecular signature. We performed methylation and copy number variation (CNV) profiles in patients with MNTI (n = 7) and PAT (n = 1) compared to the methylation brain tumor classifier v11b4 (BT-C) and the medulloblastoma (MB) classifier group 3/4 v1.0 (MB3/4-C). The patients’ mean age was 8 months (range: 4–48). The BT-C classified five MNTIs and one PAT (relapse) as class family MB-G3/G4, subclass group 3 (score: >0.9). The remaining two MNTIs and PAT (primary) were classified as class family plexus tumor, subclass pediatric (scores: >0.45). The MB3/4-C classified all MNTIs as high-risk MB-G3, Subtype II (score: >0.45). The primary PAT was classified as subtype III (score: 0.99) and its relapse as subtype II/III. MNTI and PAT clustered close to MB-G3. CNV analysis showed multiple rearrangements in one PAT and two MNTIs. The median follow-up was 54 months (four MNTIs in remission, one PAT died). In conclusion, we demonstrated that MNTI shares a homogenous methylation profile with MB-G3, and possibly with PAT. The role of a multipotent progenitor cell (i.e., early cranial neural crest cell) in their histogenesis and the influence of the anatomical site, tumor microenvironment, and other cytogenetic events in their divergent biologic behavior deserve further investigation.
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Li W, Kong X, Huang T, Shen L, Wu P, Chen QF. Bioinformatic analysis and in vitro validation of a five-microRNA signature as a prognostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1422. [PMID: 33313167 PMCID: PMC7723630 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Existing research has identified correlations between numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of a combination of miRNAs in predicting HCC survival requires further elucidation. Methods miRNA expression profiles and clinical data from HCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in tumor versus normal samples were identified. All HCC patients were randomly assigned to a training cohort or a validation cohort at a ratio of 1 to 1. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was subsequently employed to establish the miRNA signature. The constructed miRNA signature was then developed and validated. Results In total, 127 DE miRNAs were detected between HCC and paracancerous tissue using HCC RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data extracted from TCGA database. LASSO Cox regression generated a five-miRNA signature consisting of has-mir-105-2, has-mir-9-3, has-mir-137, has-mir-548f-1, and has-mir-561 in the training cohort. This risk model was significantly related to survival (P=5.682e-6). Log-rank tests and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed the five-miRNA signature as an independent prognostic indicator [HR =3.285, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.737–6.213], with the area under curve (AUC) of the miRNA signature being 0.728. The effects of the miRNA signature were further confirmed in the validation cohort and in the OncomiR Cancer Database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the potential effects of the five-miRNA signature in tumor-related biological pathways and processes. Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell, and wound healing assays, were used to evaluate the role of has-mir-137 in HCC cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Conclusions We established a novel five-miRNA signature which reliably predicted prognosis in HCC patients and which could be used to assist in both strategic counseling and personalized management in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangshuo Kong
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lujun Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peihong Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Jafarzadeh M, Soltani BM. Long Noncoding RNA LOC400043 (LINC02381) Inhibits Gastric Cancer Progression Through Regulating Wnt Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:562253. [PMID: 33194632 PMCID: PMC7645048 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.562253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the common causes of cancer mortality worldwide, with a low survival rate for the affected people. Recent studies have revealed the key role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development and progression of many cancers, including gastric cancer. Looking for the potential molecular regulators of gastric cancer incidence and progression, LINC02381 was identified as a downregulated lncRNA in gastric cancer tissues by analysis of available microarray and RNA-seq data and RT-qPCR confirmed this differential expression. MiR-21, miR-590, and miR-27a miRNAs were predicted to be sponged by LINC02381, and dual luciferase assay verified LINC02381 as a competitive endogenous RNA (CeRNA), which binds to them. Furthermore, we found that increased expression of LINC02381 attenuates Wnt pathway activity. Also, functional analysis indicates that LINC02381 arrests cell cycle, increases apoptosis and caspase activity, and reduces cell survival and proliferation rate of the human gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN45. Moreover, EMT analysis showed that LINC02381 is involved in gastric cancer progression and inhibits metastasis. Overall, this work for the first time introduces LINC02381 as a CeRNA involved in gastric cancer and provides novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahram M. Soltani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Marchetti B. Nrf2/Wnt resilience orchestrates rejuvenation of glia-neuron dialogue in Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101664. [PMID: 32863224 PMCID: PMC7395594 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have long been recognized to contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD), a common movement disorder characterized by the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAn) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The causes and mechanisms still remain elusive, but a complex interplay between several genes and a number of interconnected environmental factors, are chiefly involved in mDAn demise, as they intersect the key cellular functions affected in PD, such as the inflammatory response, mitochondrial, lysosomal, proteosomal and autophagic functions. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 -like 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2), the master regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, and Wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling cascade, a vital pathway for mDAn neurogenesis and neuroprotection, emerge as critical intertwinned actors in mDAn physiopathology, as a decline of an Nrf2/Wnt/β-catenin prosurvival axis with age underlying PD mutations and a variety of noxious environmental exposures drive PD neurodegeneration. Unexpectedly, astrocytes, the so-called "star-shaped" cells, harbouring an arsenal of "beneficial" and "harmful" molecules represent the turning point in the physiopathological and therapeutical scenario of PD. Fascinatingly, "astrocyte's fil rouge" brings back to Nrf2/Wnt resilience, as boosting the Nrf2/Wnt resilience program rejuvenates astrocytes, in turn (i) mitigating nigrostriatal degeneration of aged mice, (ii) reactivating neural stem progenitor cell proliferation and neuron differentiation in the brain and (iii) promoting a beneficial immunomodulation via bidirectional communication with mDAns. Then, through resilience of Nrf2/Wnt/β-catenin anti-ageing, prosurvival and proregenerative molecular programs, it seems possible to boost the inherent endogenous self-repair mechanisms. Here, the cellular and molecular aspects as well as the therapeutical options for rejuvenating glia-neuron dialogue will be discussed together with major glial-derived mechanisms and therapies that will be fundamental to the identification of novel diagnostic tools and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), to fight ageing and nigrostriatal DAergic degeneration and promote functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Neuropharmacology Section, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, EN, Italy.
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Lin H, Zuo D, He J, Ji T, Wang J, Jiang T. Long Noncoding RNA WEE2-AS1 Plays an Oncogenic Role in Glioblastoma by Functioning as a Molecular Sponge for MicroRNA-520f-3p. Oncol Res 2020; 28:591-603. [PMID: 32838835 PMCID: PMC7962937 DOI: 10.3727/096504020x15982623243955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA WEE2 antisense RNA 1 (WEE2-AS1) plays an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma and triple negative breast cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the expression and roles of WEE2-AS1 in glioblastoma (GBM). Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms behind the oncogenic actions of WEE2-AS1 in GBM cells were explored in detail. WEE2-AS1 expression was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The roles of WEE2-AS1 in GBM cells were evaluated by the cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometric analysis, Transwell cell migration and invasion assays, and tumor xenograft experiments. WEE2-AS1 expression was evidently enhanced in GBM tissues and cell lines compared with their normal counterparts. An increased level of WEE2-AS1 was correlated with the average tumor diameter, Karnofsky Performance Scale score, and shorter overall survival among GBM patients. Functionally, depleted WEE2-AS1 attenuated GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, promoted cell apoptosis, and impaired tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, WEE2-AS1 functioned as a molecular sponge for microRNA-520f-3p (miR-520f-3p) and consequently increased specificity protein 1 (SP1) expression in GBM cells. A series of recovery experiments revealed that the inhibition of miR-520f-3p and upregulation of SP1 could partially abrogate the influences of WEE2-AS1 downregulation on GBM cells. In conclusion, WEE2-AS1 can adsorb miR-520f-3p to increase endogenous SP1 expression, thereby facilitating the malignancy of GBM. Therefore, targeting the WEE2-AS1–miR-520f-3p–SP1 pathway might be a promising therapy for the management of GBM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhou Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second Peoples Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science CenterShenzhenP.R. China
| | - Dahui Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second Peoples Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science CenterShenzhenP.R. China
| | - Jiabin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second Peoples Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science CenterShenzhenP.R. China
| | - Tao Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second Peoples Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science CenterShenzhenP.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second Peoples Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science CenterShenzhenP.R. China
| | - Taipeng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second Peoples Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science CenterShenzhenP.R. China
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising source of cell-based therapies for treatment of a wide variety of injuries and diseases. Their tropism and migration to the damaged sites, which are elicited by cytokines secreted from tissues around pathology, are the prerequisite for tissue repair and regeneration. Better understanding of the elicited-migration of MSCs and discovering conditions that elevate their migration ability, will help to increase their homing to pathologies and improve therapeutic efficacy. It is increasingly recognized that microRNAs are important regulators of cell migration. Here we summarize current understanding of the microRNA-regulated migration of MSCs.
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ÖRENLİLİ YAYLAGÜL E, ÜLGER C. The effect of baicalein on Wnt/β-catenin pathway and miR-25 expression in Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell line. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1168-1179. [PMID: 32283909 PMCID: PMC7379426 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2001-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy that occurs frequently in children and adolescents. Baicalein, a flavonoid that has attracted great attention in recent years with its strong antitumor activity, shows a wide range of biological and pharmaceutical effects.MicroRNAs have been found to be involved in many critical processes in cancers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of baicalein and miR-25 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway of osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2. Materials and methods Cell viability was assessed, and qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to study the effects of baicalein on expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-realted genes (β-catenin, GSK-3β, and Axin2) of Saos-2 cells. Results Our results indicated that baicalein can inhibit the proliferation (IC50 value 35 μM), regulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway and also increase miR-25 expression of Saos-2. Baicalein and also miR-25 decreased the expression of β-catenin and Axin2, while increasing the expression of GSK-3β. Down regulation of miR-25 decreased the expression of GSK-3β, while β-catenin and Axin2 expression increased. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that baicalein may target genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by regulating miR-25 expression and may be a potential Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra ÖRENLİLİ YAYLAGÜL
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, AydınTurkey
| | - Celal ÜLGER
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, AydınTurkey
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Zhang H, Qin D, Jiang Z, Zhang J. SNHG9/miR-199a-5p/Wnt2 Axis Regulates Cell Growth and Aerobic Glycolysis in Glioblastoma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:939-948. [PMID: 31504670 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is a characteristic in cancers that is important for cancer cell proliferation. Emerging evidence shows that long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) participates in glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in cancer. This study explored the effect of LncRNA: SNHG9 in glioblastoma. The mRNA expression of SNHG9 in human glioma tissues and glioblastoma cell lines was measured by qRT-PCR. Glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U251) were transfected with miR-199a-5p or SNHG9-expressing plasmid and cell viability as well as concentrations of glucose and lactate were measured. The extracellular acidification was evaluated by glycolysis stress test. The Wnt2 levels were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results showed that the mRNA expression of SNHG9 was elevated in glioblastoma tissues. The elevated SNHG9 expression was related to lower survival rate in patients with glioma. SNHG9 could downregulate miR-199a-5p and upregulate Wnt2 in glioblastoma cells. Overexpression of SNHG9 in glioblastoma cells promoted aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation, which could be attenuated by miR-199a-5p. Results of this study indicated an effect of SNHG9/miR-199a-5p/Wnt2 axis in regulating cell growth and aerobic glycolysis in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Quanzhou 1st Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Inpatient Department, Chendong Branch of Quanzhou 1st Hospital
| | - Danxia Qin
- Quanzhou 1st Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Inpatient Department, Dongjie Branch of Quanzhou 1st Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhixian Jiang
- Quanzhou 1st Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Inpatient Department, Chendong Branch of Quanzhou 1st Hospital
| | - Jinning Zhang
- Quanzhou 1st Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Inpatient Department, Chendong Branch of Quanzhou 1st Hospital
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Role of regulatory miRNAs of the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway in tumorigenesis of breast cancer. Gene 2020; 754:144892. [PMID: 32534060 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide. Recently, uncontrolled expression of microRNAs was detected in several human disorders like cardiovascular, neurological, intestinal and autoimmunity diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are now investigated as novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for several solid tumors like breast, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers. Current data suggest that miRNAs are implicated in various oncogenic processes implicated in breast cancer carcinogenesis trough modulating canonical Wnt pathway. Aberrant activation of Wnt/b-catenin signaling was shown to be significantly associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. This review presents recent findings on the molecular mechanism of microRNAs in regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling involved in tumorigenesis of breast cancer.
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Boucher P, Matz RL, Terrand J. atherosclerosis: gone with the Wnt? Atherosclerosis 2020; 301:15-22. [PMID: 32289618 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a pathology affecting large and medium-sized arteries, is the major cause of cardiovascular morbidity/mortality in industrialized countries. During atherosclerosis, cells accumulate large amounts of cholesterol through the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein particles to form foam cells. This accumulation forms the basis for the development of the disease and for a large spectrum of other diseases in various organs. Massive research efforts have yielded valuable information about the underlying molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. In particular, newer discoveries on the early stage of lesion formation, cholesterol accumulation, reverse cholesterol transport, and local inflammation in the vascular wall have opened unanticipated horizons of understanding and raised novel questions and therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we focus on Wnt signaling, which has received little attention so far, yet affects lysosomal function and signalling pathways that limit cholesterol accumulation. This occurs in different tissues and cell types, including smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophages in the arterial wall, and thus profoundly impacts on atherosclerotic disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Boucher
- CNRS, UMR 7021, University of Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France.
| | - Rachel L Matz
- CNRS, UMR 7021, University of Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Jérôme Terrand
- CNRS, UMR 7021, University of Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
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Jeske R, Bejoy J, Marzano M, Li Y. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Characteristics and Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:129-144. [PMID: 31847715 PMCID: PMC7187972 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are found to play an important role in various biological processes and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Because of the protective effects, stem cell-derived EVs can be used to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in the recipient cells. In addition, EVs/exosomes have been used as directional communication tools between stem cells and parenchymal cells, giving them the ability to serve as biomarkers. Likewise, altered EVs/exosomes can be utilized for drug delivery by loading with proteins, small interfering RNAs, and viral vectors, in particular, because EVs/exosomes are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this review article, the properties of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived EVs are discussed. The biogenesis, that is, how EVs originate in the endosomal compartment or from the cell layer of microvesicles, EV composition, the available methods of purification, and characterizations of EVs/exosomes are summarized. In particular, EVs/exosomes derived from iPSCs of different lineage specifications and the applications of these stem cell-derived exosomes in neurological diseases are discussed. Impact statement In this review, we summarized the work related to extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). In particular, EVs/exosomes derived from hPSCs of different lineage specifications and the applications of these stem cell-derived exosomes in neurological diseases are discussed. The results highlight the important role of cell-cell interactions in neural cellular phenotype and neurodegeneration. The findings reported in this article are significant for pluripotent stem cell-derived cell-free products toward applications in stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Julie Bejoy
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Mark Marzano
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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Marchetti B, Tirolo C, L'Episcopo F, Caniglia S, Testa N, Smith JA, Pluchino S, Serapide MF. Parkinson's disease, aging and adult neurogenesis: Wnt/β-catenin signalling as the key to unlock the mystery of endogenous brain repair. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13101. [PMID: 32050297 PMCID: PMC7059166 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A common hallmark of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases is an impairment of adult neurogenesis. Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin (WβC) signalling is a vital pathway for dopaminergic (DAergic) neurogenesis and an essential signalling system during embryonic development and aging, the most critical risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, there is no known cause or cure for PD. Here we focus on the potential to reawaken the impaired neurogenic niches to rejuvenate and repair the aged PD brain. Specifically, we highlight WβC-signalling in the plasticity of the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest germinal region in the mature brain innervated by nigrostriatal DAergic terminals, and the mesencephalic aqueduct-periventricular region (Aq-PVR) Wnt-sensitive niche, which is in proximity to the SNpc and harbors neural stem progenitor cells (NSCs) with DAergic potential. The hallmark of the WβC pathway is the cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin, which enters the nucleus and associates with T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors, leading to the transcription of Wnt target genes. Here, we underscore the dynamic interplay between DAergic innervation and astroglial-derived factors regulating WβC-dependent transcription of key genes orchestrating NSC proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. Aging, inflammation and oxidative stress synergize with neurotoxin exposure in "turning off" the WβC neurogenic switch via down-regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/Wnt-regulated signalosome, a key player in the maintenance of antioxidant self-defense mechanisms and NSC homeostasis. Harnessing WβC-signalling in the aged PD brain can thus restore neurogenesis, rejuvenate the microenvironment, and promote neurorescue and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Cataldo Tirolo
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | | | | | - Nunzio Testa
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Jayden A. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
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Ruan GT, Zhu LC, Gong YZ, Liao XW, Wang XK, Liao C, Wang S, Yan L, Xie HL, Zhou X, Li YZ, Gao F. The diagnosis and prognosis values of WNT mRNA expression in colon adenocarcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:3145-3161. [PMID: 31886580 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
WNT family genes have participated in the progression and development of many cancers, however, the association between colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and WNTs have been rarely reported. This study investigated the significance of WNT genes expression in COAD from the standpoint of diagnosis and prognosis. The RNA-sequencing dataset of COAD was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and University of California, Santa Cruz Xena browser. The biology functions of WNT genes were investigated by biological analysis. Biological analysis of WNT family genes indicated that WNT genes were noticeably enriched in the complex process of WNT signaling pathway. The Pearson correlation analysis suggested WNT1 and WNT9B had a strong correlation. And receiver operating characteristic curves suggested that most of the genes could serve as a significant diagnostic makers in COAD (P < .05), especially WNT2 and WNT7B had high diagnostic values that the area under curve were 0.997 (95% confidence interval [0.994-1.000]) and 0.961 (95%CI [0.939-0.983]), respectively. And our multivariate survival analysis suggested the downregulated of WNT10B (P < .05) showed a favor prognosis in COAD overall survival. And the risk score model predicted that the upregulated expression of WNT10B might increase the risk of death. The very study we had conducted suggested that WNT genes had a certain connection with the diagnosis and prognosis of COAD. The messenger RNA expression of WNT2 and WNT7B might become potentially diagnostic biomarkers, and WNT10B might serve as an independent prognosis indicator for COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tian Ruan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Chen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun Liao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Lun Xie
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Zi Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Tumor-Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang, People's Republic of China
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Costa R, Bellesso S, Lualdi S, Manzoli R, Pistorio V, Filocamo M, Moro E. A transcriptional and post-transcriptional dysregulation of Dishevelled 1 and 2 underlies the Wnt signaling impairment in type I Gaucher disease experimental models. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 29:274-285. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bone differentiation defects have been recently tied to Wnt signaling alterations occurring in vitro and in vivo Gaucher disease (GD) models. In this work, we provide evidence that the Wnt signaling multi-domain intracellular transducers Dishevelled 1 and 2 (DVL1 and DVL2) may be potential upstream targets of impaired beta glucosidase (GBA1) activity by showing their misexpression in different type 1 GD in vitro models. We also show that in Gba mutant fish a miR-221 upregulation is associated with reduced dvl2 expression levels and that in type I Gaucher patients single-nucleotide variants in the DVL2 3′ untranslated region are related to variable canonical Wnt pathway activity. Thus, we strengthen the recently outlined relation between bone differentiation defects and Wnt/β-catenin dysregulation in type I GD and further propose novel mechanistic insights of the Wnt pathway impairment caused by glucocerebrosidase loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
| | - Stefania Bellesso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
| | - Susanna Lualdi
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Rosa Manzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
| | - Valeria Pistorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Enrico Moro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
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Zhang W, Wang Z, Leng X, Jiang H, Liu L, Li C, Chang Y. Transcriptome sequencing reveals phagocytosis as the main immune response in the pathogen-challenged sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:780-791. [PMID: 31585247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The clarification of host immune responses to causative bacteria of spotting disease in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius is vital to preventing and controlling this disease, especially to selective breeding for disease resistance. For this purpose, sea urchins were challenged with the causative bacterium Vibrio sp. to obtain spotting diseased and undiseased samples. We conducted next-generation sequencing to assess the key genes/pathways in control (CG), diseased (DG), and undiseased (UG) groups. A total of 454.1 million clean reads were obtained and assembled into 23,899 UniGenes with an N50 of 1359 bp, with 86.11% of them matching the genome sequence of the sea urchin S. purpuratus. A total of 8415 UniGenes were mapped to the non-redundant database. Salmon expression analysis revealed 725 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among CG, DG, and UG. These DEGs were enriched into 72 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including a core set of immune correlated pathways notably in the phagosome, vitamin digestion and absorption, Wnt signaling, and Notch signaling pathways. DG was evidently upregulated in these immune pathways and could enhance phagocytosis directly or indirectly. Thus, phagocytosis was the main coelomic cellular immune response in S. intermedius challenged by spotting disease causative bacterium. The expression patterns of 10 DEGs were confirmed via RT-qPCR, and the expression levels were consistent with the results of RNA-seq. Furthermore, 9899 SSRs were identified, and 123,692, 151,827, and 114,368 candidate SNPs were identified from CG, DG, and UG, respectively. These results provide basic information for our understanding of sea urchin antibacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Leng
- Dalian Haibao Fishery, CO., Ltd, Dalian, 116041, PR China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
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Zheng Y, Shen W, Bi J, Chen MY, Wang RF, Ai H, Wang YF. Small RNA analysis provides new insights into cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila melanogaster induced by Wolbachia. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 118:103938. [PMID: 31491378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia is a genus of endosymbiotic bacteria that induce a wide range of effects on their insect hosts. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common phenotype mediated by Wolbachia and results in embryonic lethality when Wolbachia-infected males mate with uninfected females. Studies have revealed that bacteria can regulate many cellular processes in their hosts using small non-coding RNAs, so we investigated the involvement of small RNAs (sRNAs) in CI. Comparison of sRNA libraries between Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Drosophila melanogaster testes revealed 18 novel microRNAs (miRNAs), of which 12 were expressed specifically in Wolbachia-infected flies and one specifically in Wolbachia-uninfected flies. Furthermore, ten miRNAs showed differential expression, with four upregulated and six downregulated in Wolbachia-infected flies. Of the upregulated miRNAs, nov-miR-12 exhibited the highest upregulation in the testes of D. melanogaster. We then identified pipsqueak (psq) as the target gene of nov-miR-12 with the greatest complementarity in its 3' untranslated region (UTR). Wolbachia infection was correlated with reduced psq expression in D. melanogaster, and luciferase assays demonstrated that nov-miR-12 could downregulate psq through binding to its 3'UTR region. Knockdown of psq in Wolbachia-free fly testes significantly reduced egg hatching rate and mimicked the cellular abnormalities of Wolbachia-induced CI in embryos, including asynchronous nuclear division, chromatin bridging, and chromatin fragmentation. These results suggest that Wolbachia may induce CI in insect hosts by miRNA-mediated changes in host gene expression. Moreover, these findings reveal a potential molecular strategy for elucidating the complex interactions between endosymbionts and their insect hosts, such as Wolbachia-driven CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jie Bi
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Meng-Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Rui-Fang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Hui Ai
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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Shu B, Zhuo M, Liu Z, Lu Z, Qian M. Cholesterol induces dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells by regulating monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein 1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:3258-3267. [PMID: 31934169 PMCID: PMC6949835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discover the effect of cholesterol on dedifferentiation of VSMCs in vitro and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were employed to evaluate the role of cholesterol in regulating the dedifferentiation of VSMCs in vitro. Immunofluorescent staining, western blot, and RT-PCR were applied to uncover the inducing effect of cholesterol at a molecular level. RESULTS We demonstrated that the cholesterol was capable of inducing the dedifferentiation of VSMCs. Mechanistic studies revealed that monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) composed the most influential factor in the regulation of VSMCs during the process of cholesterol induction. When MCPIP1 was overexpressed in VSMCs, the dedifferentiation, proliferation and migration of the cells was enhanced, and the expression of miR-145 was suppressed. In contrast, knocking down MCPIP1 by siRNA promoted the differentiation and prohibited the migration of VSMCs after cholesterol treatment. These results demonstrate that MCPIP1 plays an important role in regulating cholesterol-induced dedifferentiation of VSMCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhijiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Minzhang Qian
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou, P. R. China
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Differential Effects of Extracellular Vesicles of Lineage-Specific Human Pluripotent Stem Cells on the Cellular Behaviors of Isogenic Cortical Spheroids. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090993. [PMID: 31466320 PMCID: PMC6770916 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to a variety of signaling processes and the overall physiological and pathological states of stem cells and tissues. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have unique characteristics that can mimic embryonic tissue development. There is growing interest in the use of EVs derived from hiPSCs as therapeutics, biomarkers, and drug delivery vehicles. However, little is known about the characteristics of EVs secreted by hiPSCs and paracrine signaling during tissue morphogenesis and lineage specification. Methods: In this study, the physical and biological properties of EVs isolated from hiPSC-derived neural progenitors (ectoderm), hiPSC-derived cardiac cells (mesoderm), and the undifferentiated hiPSCs (healthy iPSK3 and Alzheimer’s-associated SY-UBH lines) were analyzed. Results: Nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy results indicate that hiPSC-derived EVs have an average size of 100–250 nm. Immunoblot analyses confirmed the enrichment of exosomal markers Alix, CD63, TSG101, and Hsc70 in the purified EV preparations. MicroRNAs including miR-133, miR-155, miR-221, and miR-34a were differently expressed in the EVs isolated from distinct hiPSC lineages. Treatment of cortical spheroids with hiPSC-EVs in vitro resulted in enhanced cell proliferation (indicated by BrdU+ cells) and axonal growth (indicated by β-tubulin III staining). Furthermore, hiPSC-derived EVs exhibited neural protective abilities in Aβ42 oligomer-treated cultures, enhancing cell viability and reducing oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate that the paracrine signaling provided by tissue context-dependent EVs derived from hiPSCs elicit distinct responses to impact the physiological state of cortical spheroids. Overall, this study advances our understanding of cell‒cell communication in the stem cell microenvironment and provides possible therapeutic options for treating neural degeneration.
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Akkouch A, Eliason S, Sweat ME, Romero-Bustillos M, Zhu M, Qian F, Amendt BA, Hong L. Enhancement of MicroRNA-200c on Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Regeneration by Targeting Sox2-Mediated Wnt Signaling and Klf4. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1405-1418. [PMID: 31288577 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-200c functions in antitumorigenesis and mediates inflammation and osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we discovered that miR-200c was upregulated in human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) during osteogenic differentiation. Inhibition of endogenous miR-200c resulted in downregulated osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and reduced bone volume in the maxilla and mandible of a transgenic mouse model. Overexpression of miR-200c by transfection of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding miR-200c significantly promoted the biomarkers of osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs, including alkaline phosphatase, Runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, and mineral deposition. The pDNA encoding miR-200c also significantly enhanced bone formation and regeneration in calvarial defects of rat models. In addition, miR-200c overexpression was shown to downregulate SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2) and Kruppel-like factor 4 by directly targeting 3'-untranslated regions and upregulate the activity of Wnt signaling inhibited by Sox2. These results strongly indicated that miR-200c may serve as a unique osteoinductive agent applied for bone healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Akkouch
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Steven Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Center for Craniofacial Anomalies Research, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mason E Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Min Zhu
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Fang Qian
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Center for Craniofacial Anomalies Research, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Liu Hong
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Center for Craniofacial Anomalies Research, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Hou L, Shi H, Wang M, Liu J, Liu G. MicroRNA-497-5p attenuates IL-1β-induced cartilage matrix degradation in chondrocytes via Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:3108-3118. [PMID: 31934153 PMCID: PMC6949713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease. Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in chondrocytes is closely related to joint destruction in OA progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in progression of OA. However, the roles of miR-497-5p in OA process and its underlying mechanism remain not been well established. Chondrocytes were obtained from articular cartilage and stimulated with IL-1β. The expression of miR-497-5p and Wnt3a was detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the proteins of Wnt3a, collagen II, aggrecan matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 and ADAMTS4. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The putative binding sites of miR-497-5p and Wnt3a were predicted by Targetscan and verified through luciferase report assay. We found that miR-497-5p expression was reduced and Wnt3a expression was enhanced in OA cartilage and IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Moreover, Wnt3a was a direct target of miR-497-5p, and expression of miR-497-5p was negatively correlated with Wnt3a level in OA cartilage. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-497-5p prominently increased the expression of cartilage matrix molecules collagen II and aggrecan, and reduced the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes MMP13 and ADAMTS4 while overexpression of Wnt3a reversed these effects, whereas addition of DKK-1attenuated the Wnt3a-mediated functions in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. In conclusion, miR-497-5p attenuated IL-1β-induced cartilage matrix degradation in chondrocytes via Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway, providing a potential therapeutic target for treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Hou
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of DongyingDongying, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Binzhou Meidical University HospitalBinzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery (C), The People’s Hospital of BinzhouBinzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of DongyingDongying, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Department of Traumatology, The Second People’s Hospital of DongyingDongying, Shandong, China
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Yang D, Tang S, Yang Y, Yang F, Jiang W, Liu Y, Zhang F, Fang H, Wang S, Zhang Y. Generation and Validation of miR-100 Hepatocyte-Specific Knock-Out Mice. Front Oncol 2019; 9:535. [PMID: 31293973 PMCID: PMC6606737 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inactivation of microRNA-100 (miR-100) is involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and miR-100 behaves as a tumor suppressor. To understand miR-100 function in HCC genesis and development in vivo, we developed hepatocyte-specific miR-100 deficient mice. Methods: Mice homozygous for floxed miR-100 allele that carried the Alb-Cre transgene (miR-100flox/floxAlb -Cre+) were developed by mating miR-100flox/flox mice with Alb-Cre+/+mice. The mice tails DNA were genotyped using the primers for LoxP sites and Cre recombinase, respectively. The specific deletion of miR-100 in the livers was verified by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). HE-staining was performed for histology analysis. Liver function was assessed by transaminase activity. The metabolic profiles of the hepatocytes were detected using a Seahorse XFe24 extracellular flux analyzer. The direct targets of miR-100 (such as IGF1R-β, mTOR and CDC25A) and HCC related protein (SHP-2) were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot in liver tissues. Results: The resultant homozygous knockout mice with genotype of miR-100flox/flox-Alb-Cre+ showed an 80% decrease in hepatic miR-100 expression. In adult mice, miR-100 knockout has no effect on the liver function and morphology. In aged mice, HE staining showed that miR-100 knockout caused infiltration of inflammatory cells and expansion of hepatocellular nuclei. Consistently, liver function was impaired in miR-100 knockout aged mice as indicated by increased serum AST and ALT levels. The metabolic analysis demonstrated that the miR-100 knockout hepatocytes tend to adopt glycolysis. The expressions of the miR-100 target genes, such as IGF1R-β, CDC25A and mTOR, were increased. In addition, the known HCC related protein, SHP-2 also was up-regulated in the knockout livers. Conclusions: We successfully generated a miR-100 hepatocyte-specific knock-out mouse model. The malignant transformation related to HCC were observed in aged mice. Therefore, this model is suitable for investigating the mechanism of miR-100 inactivation contributing to HCC genesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sai Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wengang Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yakun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fengyun Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haoshu Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies over the past 3 decades have uncovered a multitude of signaling pathways involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. From these studies, signaling by proteins of the Wnt family has recently emerged as an important player in the development of atherosclerosis. Wnt signaling is characterized by a large number of ligands, receptors, and coreceptors and can be regulated at many different levels. Among Wnt modulators, the evolutionary conserved Dkk (Dickkopf) proteins, and especially Dkk-1, the founding member of the family, are the best characterized. The role of Dkks in the pathophysiology of the arterial wall is only partially understood, but their involvement in atherosclerosis is becoming increasingly evident. This review introduces recent key findings on Dkk proteins and their functions in atherosclerosis and discusses the potential importance of modulating Dkk signaling as part of a novel, improved strategy for preventing and treating atherosclerosis-related diseases.
Visual Overview—
An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Baetta
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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47
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Di Mauro V, Crasto S, Colombo FS, Di Pasquale E, Catalucci D. Wnt signalling mediates miR-133a nuclear re-localization for the transcriptional control of Dnmt3b in cardiac cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9320. [PMID: 31249372 PMCID: PMC6597717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-133a is a muscle-enriched miRNA, which plays a key role for proper skeletal and cardiac muscle function via regulation of transduction cascades, including the Wnt signalling. MiR-133a modulates its targets via canonical mRNA repression, a process that has been largely demonstrated to occur within the cytoplasm. However, recent evidence has shown that miRNAs play additional roles in other sub-cellular compartments, such as nuclei. Here, we show that miR-133a translocates to the nucleus of cardiac cells following inactivation of the canonical Wnt pathway. The nuclear miR-133a/AGO2 complex binds to a complementary miR-133a target site within the promoter of the de novo DNA methyltransferase 3B (Dnmt3b) gene, leading to its transcriptional repression, which is mediated by DNMT3B itself. Altogether, these data show an unconventional role of miR-133a that upon its relocalization to the nucleus is responsible for epigenetic repression of its target gene Dnmt3b via a DNMT3B self-regulatory negative feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Di Mauro
- University of Milan Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
- CNR-IRGB UOS Milan, Via Fantoli 15/16, 20138, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Alessandro Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Crasto
- CNR-IRGB UOS Milan, Via Fantoli 15/16, 20138, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Alessandro Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Simone Colombo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Alessandro Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- CNR-IRGB UOS Milan, Via Fantoli 15/16, 20138, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Alessandro Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- CNR-IRGB UOS Milan, Via Fantoli 15/16, 20138, Milan, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Alessandro Manzoni 113, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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48
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Cell-Free, Embryo-Specific sncRNA as a Molecular Biological Bridge between Patient Fertility and IVF Efficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122912. [PMID: 31207900 PMCID: PMC6627040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are key regulators of the majority of human reproduction events. Understanding their function in the context of gametogenesis and embryogenesis will allow insight into the possible causes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) implantation failure. The aim of this study was to analyze the sncRNA expression profile of the spent culture media on day 4 after fertilization and to reveal a relationship with the morphofunctional characteristics of gametes and resultant embryos, in particular, with the embryo development and implantation potential. Thereto, cell-free, embryo-specific sncRNAs were identified by next generation sequencing (NGS) and quantified by reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in real-time. Significant differences in the expression level of let-7b-5p, let-7i-5p, piR020401, piR16735, piR19675, piR20326, and piR17716 were revealed between embryo groups of various morphological gradings. Statistically significant correlations were found between the expression profiles of piR16735 and piR020401 with the oocyte-cumulus complex number, let-7b-5p and piR020401 with metaphase II oocyte and two pronuclei embryo numbers, let-7i-5p and piR20497 with the spermatozoid count per milliliter of ejaculate, piR19675 with the percentage of linearly motile spermatozoids, let-7b-5p with the embryo development grade, and let-7i-5p with embryo implantation. According to partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the expression levels of let-7i-5p (Variable Importance in Projection score (VIP) = 1.6262), piR020401 (VIP = 1.45281), and piR20497 (VIP = 1.42765) have the strongest influences on the implantation outcome.
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49
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Zhang L, Meng X, Zhu XW, Yang DC, Chen R, Jiang Y, Xu T. Long non-coding RNAs in Oral squamous cell carcinoma: biologic function, mechanisms and clinical implications. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:102. [PMID: 31133028 PMCID: PMC6535863 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that regions of the genome that cannot encode proteins play an important role in diseases. These regions are usually transcribed into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNAs, little or no coding potential, are defined as capped transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. New sequencing technologies have shown that a large number of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs are associated with multiple cancer types and indicated they have emerged as an important class of pervasive genes during the development and progression of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism in cancer is still unknown. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the lncRNA function. Notably, many lncRNAs dysregulation are associated with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and affect various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including proliferation, survival, migration or genomic stability. This review expounds the up- or down-regulation of lncRNAs in OSCC and the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs perform their function in the malignant cell. Finally, the potential of lncRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for OSCC diagnosis are also described. LncRNAs hold promise as prospective novel therapeutic targets, but more research is needed to gain a better understanding of their biologic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Periodontology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xin-Wei Zhu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.,Outpatient Department of Binhu District, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Deng-Cheng Yang
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 372 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China. .,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
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50
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Morsiani C, Bacalini MG, Santoro A, Garagnani P, Collura S, D'Errico A, de Eguileor M, Grazi GL, Cescon M, Franceschi C, Capri M. The peculiar aging of human liver: A geroscience perspective within transplant context. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:24-34. [PMID: 30772626 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An appraisal of recent data highlighting aspects inspired by the new Geroscience perspective are here discussed. The main findings are summarized as follows: i) liver has to be considered an immunological organ, and new studies suggest a role for the recently described cells named telocytes; ii) the liver-gut axis represents a crucial connection with environment and life style habits and may influence liver diseases onset; iii) the physiological aging of liver shows relatively modest alterations. Nevertheless, several molecular changes appear to be relevant: a) an increase of microRNA-31-5p; -141-3p; -200c-3p expressions after 60 years of age; b) a remodeling of genome-wide DNA methylation profile evident until 60 years of age and then plateauing; c) changes in transcriptome including the metabolic zones of hepatocyte lobules; d) liver undergoes an accelerated aging in presence of chronic inflammation/liver diseases in a sort of continuum, largely as a consequence of unhealthy life styles and exposure to environmental noxious agents. We argue that chronic liver inflammation has all the major characteristics of "inflammaging" and likely sustains the onset and progression of liver diseases. Finally, we propose to use a combination of parameters, mostly obtained by omics such as transcriptomics and epigenomics, to evaluate in deep both the biological age of liver (in comparison with the chronological age) and the effects of donor-recipient age-mismatches in the context of liver transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morsiani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy; CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Collura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonia D'Errico
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- DBSV-Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Cescon
- DIMEC-Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CIG-Interdepartmental Center "Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CSR-Centro di Studio per la Ricerca dell'Invecchiamento, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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