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Wilkes MC, Shibuya A, Liu YL, Mark K, Mercado J, Saxena M, Sathianathen RS, Kim HN, Glader B, Kenny P, Sakamoto KM. Activation of nemo-like kinase in diamond blackfan anemia suppresses early erythropoiesis by preventing mitochondrial biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107542. [PMID: 38992436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare macrocytic red blood cell aplasia that usually presents within the first year of life. The vast majority of patients carry a mutation in one of approximately 20 genes that results in ribosomal insufficiency with the most significant clinical manifestations being anemia and a predisposition to cancers. Nemo-like Kinase (NLK) is hyperactivated in the erythroid progenitors of DBA patients and inhibition of this kinase improves erythropoiesis, but how NLK contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease is unknown. Here we report that activated NLK suppresses the critical upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis required in early erythropoiesis. During normal erythropoiesis, mTORC1 facilitates the translational upregulation of Transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), and Prohibin 2 (PHB2) to increase mitochondrial biogenesis. In our models of DBA, active NLK phosphorylates the regulatory component of mTORC1, thereby suppressing mTORC1 activity and preventing mTORC1-mediated TFAM and PHB2 upregulation and subsequent mitochondrial biogenesis. Improvement of erythropoiesis that accompanies NLK inhibition is negated when TFAM and PHB2 upregulation is prevented. These data demonstrate that a significant contribution of NLK on the pathogenesis of DBA is through loss of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Wilkes
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Aya Shibuya
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Y Lucy Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kailen Mark
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jaqueline Mercado
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mallika Saxena
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ryan S Sathianathen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hye Na Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bertil Glader
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Paraic Kenny
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathleen M Sakamoto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Wright EB, Lannigan DA. Therapeutic targeting of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1297292. [PMID: 38169775 PMCID: PMC10758423 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1297292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Serine/Threonine protein kinase family, p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK) are downstream effectors of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and are activated in response to tyrosine kinase receptor or G-protein coupled receptor signaling. RSK contains two distinct kinase domains, an N-terminal kinase (NTKD) and a C-terminal kinase (CTKD). The sole function of the CTKD is to aid in the activation of the NTKD, which is responsible for substrate phosphorylation. RSK regulates various homeostatic processes including those involved in transcription, translation and ribosome biogenesis, proliferation and survival, cytoskeleton, nutrient sensing, excitation and inflammation. RSK also acts as a major negative regulator of ERK1/2 signaling. RSK is associated with numerous cancers and has been primarily studied in the context of transformation and metastasis. The development of specific RSK inhibitors as cancer therapeutics has lagged behind that of other members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Importantly, a pan-RSK inhibitor, PMD-026, is currently in phase I/1b clinical trials for metastatic breast cancer. However, there are four members of the RSK family, which have overlapping and distinct functions that can vary in a tissue specific manner. Thus, a problem for transitioning a RSK inhibitor to the clinic may be the necessity to develop isoform specific inhibitors, which will be challenging as the NTKDs are very similar to each other. CTKD inhibitors have limited use as therapeutics as they are not able to inhibit the activity of the NTKD but could be used in the development of proteolysis-targeting chimeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Wright
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Deborah A. Lannigan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Funasaki S, Hatano A, Nakatsumi H, Koga D, Sugahara O, Yumimoto K, Baba M, Matsumoto M, Nakayama KI. A stepwise and digital pattern of RSK phosphorylation determines the outcome of thymic selection. iScience 2023; 26:107552. [PMID: 37646020 PMCID: PMC10460994 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes with randomly generated T cell receptors (TCRs) undergo positive (maturation) or negative (apoptosis) selection on the basis of the strength of TCR stimulation. Selection fate is determined by engagement of TCR ligands with a subtle difference in affinity, but the molecular details of TCR signaling leading to the different selection outcomes have remained unclear. We performed phosphoproteome analysis of DP thymocytes and found that p90 ribosomal protein kinase (RSK) phosphorylation at Thr562 was induced specifically by high-affinity peptide ligands. Such phosphorylation of RSK triggered its translocation to the nucleus, where it phosphorylated the nuclear receptor Nur77 and thereby promoted its mitochondrial translocation for apoptosis induction. Inhibition of RSK activity protected DP thymocytes from antigen-induced cell death. We propose that RSK phosphorylation constitutes a mechanism by which DP thymocytes generate a stepwise and binary signal in response to exposure to TCR ligands with a graded affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Funasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hatano
- Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nakatsumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Osamu Sugahara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanae Yumimoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Baba
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Anticancer Strategies Laboratory, TMDU Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Koutsougianni F, Alexopoulou D, Uvez A, Lamprianidou A, Sereti E, Tsimplouli C, Ilkay Armutak E, Dimas K. P90 ribosomal S6 kinases: A bona fide target for novel targeted anticancer therapies? Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115488. [PMID: 36889445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family of proteins is a group of highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases. They are downstream effectors of the Ras/ERK/MAPK signaling cascade. ERK1/2 activation directly results in the phosphorylation of RSKs, which further, through interaction with a variety of different downstream substrates, activate various signaling events. In this context, they have been shown to mediate diverse cellular processes like cell survival, growth, proliferation, EMT, invasion, and metastasis. Interestingly, increased expression of RSKs has also been demonstrated in various cancers, such as breast, prostate, and lung cancer. This review aims to present the most recent advances in the field of RSK signaling that have occurred, such as biological insights, function, and mechanisms associated with carcinogenesis. We additionally present and discuss the recent advances but also the limitations in the development of pharmacological inhibitors of RSKs, in the context of the use of these kinases as putative, more efficient targets for novel anticancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Koutsougianni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitra Alexopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ayca Uvez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andromachi Lamprianidou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Evangelia Sereti
- Dept of Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University and Center for Molecular Pathology, Skäne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Chrisiida Tsimplouli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Elif Ilkay Armutak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Konstantinos Dimas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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MacMullan MA, Wang P, Graham NA. Phospho-proteomics reveals that RSK signaling is required for proliferation of natural killer cells stimulated with IL-2 or IL-15. Cytokine 2022; 157:155958. [PMID: 35841827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that play a critical role in the innate immune system. Although cytokine signaling is crucial for the development, expansion, and cytotoxicity of NK cells, the signaling pathways stimulated by cytokines are not well understood. Here, we sought to compare the early signaling dynamics induced by the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15 using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based phospho-proteomics. Following stimulation of the immortalized NK cell line NK-92 with IL-2 or IL-15 for 5, 10, 15, or 30 min, we identified 8,692 phospho-peptides from 3,023 proteins. Comparing the kinetic profiles of 3,619 fully quantified phospho-peptides, we found that IL-2 and IL-15 induced highly similar signaling in NK-92 cells. Among the IL-2/IL-15-regulated phospho-peptides were both well-known signaling events like the JAK/STAT pathway and novel signaling events with potential functional significance including LCP1 pSer5, STMN1 pSer25, CHEK1 pSer286, STIM1 pSer608, and VDAC1 pSer104. Using bioinformatic approaches, we sought to identify kinases regulated by IL-2/IL-15 stimulation and found that the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) family was activated by both cytokines. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we then discovered that RSK signaling is required for IL-2 and IL-15-induced proliferation in NK-92 cells. Taken together, our analysis represents the first phospho-proteomic characterization of cytokine signaling in NK cells and increases our understanding of how cytokine signaling regulates NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A MacMullan
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Nicholas A Graham
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
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6
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RSK1 promotes mammalian axon regeneration by inducing the synthesis of regeneration-related proteins. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001653. [PMID: 35648763 PMCID: PMC9159620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), the neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) can regenerate their axons. However, the underlying mechanism dictating the regeneration program after PNS injuries remains poorly understood. Combining chemical inhibitor screening with gain- and loss-of-function analyses, we identified p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) as a crucial regulator of axon regeneration in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Mechanistically, RSK1 was found to preferentially regulate the synthesis of regeneration-related proteins using ribosomal profiling. Interestingly, RSK1 expression was up-regulated in injured DRG neurons, but not retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Additionally, RSK1 overexpression enhanced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion-induced axon regeneration in RGCs in the adult CNS. Our findings reveal a critical mechanism in inducing protein synthesis that promotes axon regeneration and further suggest RSK1 as a possible therapeutic target for neuronal injury repair. This study shows that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) responds differentially to nerve injury in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and identifies it as a crucial regulator of axonal regeneration; mechanistically, RSK1 preferentially induces the synthesis of regeneration-related proteins via the RSK1-eEF2K-eEF2 axis.
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7
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Zhong X, Wang T, Zhang W, Wang M, Xie Y, Dai L, He X, Madhusudhan T, Zeng H, Wang H. ERK/RSK-mediated phosphorylation of Y-box binding protein-1 aggravates diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing its interaction with deubiquitinase OTUB1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101989. [PMID: 35490780 PMCID: PMC9163515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes, but its underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. The multifunctional protein Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) plays an important role in cardiac pathogenesis by regulating cardiac apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and pathological remodeling, whereas its role in chronic DCM requires further investigation. Here, we report that the phosphorylation of YB-1 at serine102 (S102) was markedly elevated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse hearts and in high glucose-treated cardiomyocytes, whereas total YB-1 protein levels were significantly reduced. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that YB-1 interacts with the deubiquitinase otubain-1, but hyperglycemia-induced phosphorylation of YB-1 at S102 diminished this homeostatic interaction, resulting in ubiquitination and degradation of YB-1. Mechanistically, the high glucose-induced phosphorylation of YB-1 at S102 is dependent on the upstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase [RSK]) signaling pathway. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of the ERK pathway using the upstream kinase inhibitor U0126 ameliorated features of DCM compared with vehicle-treated diabetic mice. We demonstrate that ERK inhibition with U0126 also suppressed the phosphorylation of the downstream RSK and YB-1 (S102), which stabilized the interaction between YB-1 and otubain-1 and thereby preserved YB-1 protein expression in diabetic hearts. Taken together, we propose that targeting the ERK/RSK/YB-1 pathway could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhong
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mengwen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yang Xie
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lei Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xingwei He
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Thati Madhusudhan
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hesong Zeng
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, PR China.
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Ma C, Liu M, Zhang J, Cai H, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Shan H, Zou Z, Yang L, Liu L, Xu H, Lei H, Liu C, Zhou L, Cao Y, Zhou H, Wu Y. ZCL-082, a boron-containing compound, induces apoptosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma via targeting p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109770. [PMID: 34861246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the rapid progress in the diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis of some types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), especially those with double-hit or double-expressor genotypes, remains poor. Novel targets and compounds are needed to improve the prognosis of NHL. METHODS We investigated the effect of ZCL-082, a novel boron-containing compound with anti-proliferating activity against ovarian cancer cells, on NHL cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by CCK-8 assay, Annexin V/PI double staining assay, RH123/PI double staining, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. NF-κB pathway activity was analyzed using luciferase reporter gene assay and RT-PCR. The location of p65 was detected by immunofluorescence and nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation assay. Immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to detect the binding between p65 and p300. CETSA and molecular docking assay were carried out to test the interaction between ZCL-082 and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1). Kinase reaction was conducted to examine the inhibition of RSK1 kinase activity by ZCL-082. RESULTS We found that ZCL-082 can induce the apoptosis of various NHL cell lines in vitro and in vivo. ZCL-082 significantly inhibits TNFα- or LPS-induced NF-κB activation without disturbing TNFα-induced IκBα degradation or the nuclear translocation and DNA-binding ability of p65. However, ZCL-082 markedly suppresses the phosphorylation of p65 on Ser536 and the interaction between p65 and p300. The overexpression of the phosphomimetic mutant of p65 at Ser536 partially abrogates ZCL-082-induced cell death. We further found that ZCL-082 directly binds to and inhibits the activity of RSK1. RSK1 can phosphorylate RelA/p65 on Ser536 and its overexpression is associated with the poor prognosis of lymphoma. The overexpression of RSK1 partially rescues ZCL-082-induced cell death. Molecular docking studies show that ZCL-082 fits well with the N-terminal kinase domain of RSK1. Furthermore, the combination of ZCL-082 and BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 has a synergistic apoptosis-inducing effect against double-hit lymphoma cell line OCI-Ly10. DISCUSSION We found that ZCL-082 is a highly promising anti-lymphoma compound that targets RSK1 and interferes with the RSK1/NF-κB signaling pathway. The combination of ZCL-082 with BCL-2 inhibitor may represent a novel strategy to improve the outcome of double-hit or double-expressor lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmin Ma
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Cai
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yunzhao Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yanjie Ji
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huizhuang Shan
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhihui Zou
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Yang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ligen Liu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hanzhang Xu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hu Lei
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chuanxu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, PR China
| | - Huchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingli Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Ma Y, Cui D, Wang L, Wang Y, Yang F, Pan H, Gong L, Zhang M, Xiong X, Zhao Y. P90 ribosomal S6 kinase confers cancer cell survival by mediating checkpoint kinase 1 degradation in response to glucose stress. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:132-144. [PMID: 34668620 PMCID: PMC8748233 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors, cancer cells have devised multiple approaches to survival and proliferate in response to glucose starvation that is often observed in solid tumor microenvironments. However, the precise mechanisms are far less known. Herein, we report that glucose deprivation activates 90‐kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p90 RSK), a highly conserved Ser/Thr kinase, and activated p90 RSK promotes cancer cell survival. Mechanistically, activated p90 RSK by glucose deprivation phosphorylates checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), a key transducer in checkpoint signaling pathways, at Ser280 and triggers CHK1 ubiquitination mediated by SCFβ‐TrCP ubiquitin ligase and proteasomal degradation, subsequently suppressing cancer cell apoptosis induced by glucose deprivation. Importantly, we identified an inverse correlation between p90 RSK activity and CHK1 levels within the solid tumor mass, with lower levels of CHK1 and higher activity of p90 RSK in the center of the tumor where low glucose concentrations are often observed. Thus, our study indicates that p90 RSK promotes CHK1 phosphorylation at Ser280 and its subsequent degradation, which allows cancer cells to escape from checkpoint signals under the stress of glucose deprivation, leading to cell survival and thus contributing to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danrui Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linchen Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Lung Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longyuan Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minrun Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Dabbah M, Lishner M, Jarchowsky-Dolberg O, Tartakover-Matalon S, Brin YS, Pasmanik-Chor M, Neumann A, Drucker L. Ribosomal proteins as distinct "passengers" of microvesicles: new semantics in myeloma and mesenchymal stem cells' communication. Transl Res 2021; 236:117-132. [PMID: 33887527 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in multiple myeloma (MM) bone marrows (BM) promote disease progression and drug resistance. Here, we assayed the protein cargo transported from MM-MSCs to MM cells via microvesicles (MVs) with focus on ribosomal proteins (RPs) and assessment of their influence on translation initiation and design of MM phenotype. Proteomics analysis (mass spectrometry) demonstrated increased levels and repertoire of RPs in MM-MSCs MVs compared to normal donors (ND) counterparts (n = 3-8; P = 9.96E - 08). We limited the RPs load in MM-MSCs MVs (starvation, RSK and XPO1 inhibitions), reapplied the modified MVs to MM cell lines (U266, MM1S), and demonstrated that the RPs are essential to the proliferative effect of MM-MSCs MVs on MM cells (n = 3; P < 0.05). We also observed that inhibition with KPT-185 (XPO1 inhibitor) displayed the most extensive effect on RPs delivery into the MVs (↓80%; P = 3.12E - 05). Using flow cytometry we assessed the expression of select RPs (n = 10) in BM-MSCs cell populations (ND and MM; n ≥ 6 each). This demonstrated a heterogeneous expression of RPs in MM-MSCs with distinct subgroups, a phenomenon absent from ND-MSCs samples. These findings bring to light a new mechanism in which the tumor microenvironment participates in cancer promotion. MVs-mediated horizontal transfer of RPs between niche MSCs and myeloma cells is a systemic way to bestow pro-cancer advantages. This capacity also differentiates normal MSCs from the MM-modified MSCs and may mark their reprogramming. Future studies will be aimed at assessing the clinical and therapeutic potential of the increased RPs levels in MM-MSCs MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Dabbah
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Lishner
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Resaerch Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar saba, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Jarchowsky-Dolberg
- Hematology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar saba, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shelly Tartakover-Matalon
- Autoimmunity laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar saba, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaron S Brin
- Orthopedics Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, G.S.W. Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avivit Neumann
- Oncology Department, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Liat Drucker
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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11
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A Novel Protein-Protein Interaction between RSK3 and IκBα and a New Binding Inhibitor That Suppresses Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122973. [PMID: 34198590 PMCID: PMC8231827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cancer-related biological processes are mediated by protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Through interactions with a variety of factors, members of the ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family play roles in cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. In particular, RSK3 contributes to cancer viability, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We performed a kinase library screen to find IκBα PPI binding partners and identified RSK3 as a novel IκBα binding partner using a cell-based distribution assay. In addition, we discovered a new PPI inhibitor using mammalian two-hybrid (MTH) analysis. We assessed the antitumor effects of the new inhibitor using cell proliferation and colony formation assays and monitored the rate of cell death by FACS apoptosis assay. IκBα is phosphorylated by the active form of the RSK3 kinase. A small-molecule inhibitor that targets the RSK3/IκBα complex exhibited antitumor activity in breast cancer cells and increased their rate of apoptosis. RSK3 phosphorylation and RSK3/IκBα complex formation might be functionally important in breast tumorigenesis. The RSK3/IκBα-specific binding inhibitor identified in this study represents a lead compound for the development of new anticancer drugs.
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12
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Cronin R, Brooke GN, Prischi F. The role of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase family in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:3775-3785. [PMID: 33972681 PMCID: PMC8175238 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men, with over a million new cases every year worldwide. Tumor growth and disease progression is mainly dependent on the Androgen Receptor (AR), a ligand dependent transcription factor. Standard PCa therapeutic treatments include androgen-deprivation therapy and AR signaling inhibitors. Despite being successful in controlling the disease in the majority of men, the high frequency of disease progression to aggressive and therapy resistant stages (termed castrate resistant prostate cancer) has led to the search for new therapeutic targets. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK1-4) family is a group of highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases that holds promise as a novel target. RSKs are effector kinases that lay downstream of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and aberrant activation or expression of RSKs has been reported in several malignancies, including PCa. Despite their structural similarities, RSK isoforms have been shown to perform nonredundant functions and target a wide range of substrates involved in regulation of transcription and translation. In this article we review the roles of the RSKs in proliferation and motility, cell cycle control and therapy resistance in PCa, highlighting the possible interplay between RSKs and AR in mediating disease progression. In addition, we summarize the current advances in RSK inhibitor development and discuss their potential clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cronin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Greg N Brooke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
| | - Filippo Prischi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
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13
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Casalvieri KA, Matheson CJ, Warfield BM, Backos DS, Reigan P. N-Substituted pyrrolopyrimidines and purines as p90 ribosomal S6 protein kinase-2 (RSK2) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 41:116220. [PMID: 34034149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The RSK2 kinase is the downstream effector of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, that is often aberrantly activated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, we reported a structure-activity study for BI-D1870, the pan-RSK inhibitor, and identified pteridinones that inhibited cellular RSK2 activity that did not result in concomitant cytotoxicity. In the current study, we developed a series of pyrrolopyrimidines and purines to replace the pteridinone ring of BI-D1870, with a range of N-substituents that extend to the substrate binding site to probe complementary interactions, while retaining the 2,6-difluorophenol-4-amino group to maintain interactions with the hinge domain and the DFG motif. Several compounds inhibited cellular RSK2 activity, and we identified compounds that uncoupled cellular RSK2 inhibition from potent cytotoxicity in the MOLM-13 AML cell line. These N-substituted probes have revealed an opportunity to further examine substituents that extend from the ATP- to the substrate-binding site may confer improved RSK potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Casalvieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Christopher J Matheson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Becka M Warfield
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Donald S Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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14
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Xu J, Jia Q, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Xu T, Yu K, Chai J, Wang K, Chen L, Xiao T, Li M. Prominent roles of ribosomal S6 kinase 4 (RSK4) in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 219:153374. [PMID: 33621918 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RSK4 refers to one Ser/Thr protein kinase functioning downstream pertaining to the signaling channel of protein kinase (MAPK) stimulated by Ras/mitogen. RSK4 can regulate numerous substrates impacting cells' surviving state, growing processes and proliferating process. Thus, dysregulated RSK4 active state display a relationship to several carcinoma categories, covering breast carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, glioma, colorectal carcinoma, lung carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, leukemia, endometrial carcinoma, and kidney carcinoma. Whether RSK4 is a tumor suppressor gene or one oncogene remains controversial. No specific inhibiting elements for RSK4 have been found. This review briefs the existing information regarding RSK4 activating process, the function and mechanism of RSK4 in different tumors, and the research progress and limitations of existing RSK inhibitors. RSK4 may be a potential target of molecular therapy medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingge Jia
- Xi'an International Medical Center, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Children's Heart Disease Center, Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kangjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Tian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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15
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Ditano JP, Eastman A. Comparative Activity and Off-Target Effects in Cells of the CHK1 Inhibitors MK-8776, SRA737, and LY2606368. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:730-743. [PMID: 33860197 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage activates the checkpoint protein CHK1 to arrest cell cycle progression, providing time for repair and recovery. Consequently, inhibitors of CHK1 (CHK1i) enhance damage-induced cell death. Additionally, CHK1i elicits single agent cytotoxicity in some cell lines. We compared three CHK1i that have undergone clinical trials and exhibited different toxicities. Each CHK1i inhibits other targets at higher concentrations, and whether these contribute to the toxicity is unknown. We compared their sensitivity in a panel of cell lines, their efficacy at inhibiting CHK1 and CHK2, and their ability to induce DNA damage and abrogate damage-induced S phase arrest. Published in vitro kinase analyses were a poor predictor of selectivity and potency in cells. LY2606368 was far more potent at inhibiting CHK1 and inducing growth arrest, while all three CHK1i inhibited CHK2 at concentrations 10- (MK-8776 and SRA737) to 100- (LY2606368) fold higher. MK-8776 and SRA737 exhibited similar off-target effects: higher concentrations demonstrated transient protection from growth inhibition, circumvented DNA damage, and prevented checkpoint abrogation, possibly due to inhibition of CDK2. Acquired resistance to LY2606368 resulted in limited cross-resistance to other CHK1i. LY2606368-resistant cells still abrogated DNA damage-induced S phase arrest, which requires low CDK2 activity, whereas inappropriately high CDK2 activity is responsible for sensitivity to CHK1i alone. All three CHK1i inhibited protein synthesis in a sensitive cell line correlating with cell death, whereas resistant cells failed to inhibit protein synthesis and underwent transient cytostasis. LY2606368 appears to be the most selective CHK1i, suggesting that further clinical development of this drug is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Ditano
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Alan Eastman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
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16
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Lemos C, Schulze VK, Baumgart SJ, Nevedomskaya E, Heinrich T, Lefranc J, Bader B, Christ CD, Briem H, Kuhnke LP, Holton SJ, Bömer U, Lienau P, von Nussbaum F, Nising CF, Bauser M, Hägebarth A, Mumberg D, Haendler B. The potent AMPK inhibitor BAY-3827 shows strong efficacy in androgen-dependent prostate cancer models. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:581-594. [PMID: 33492659 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) is an essential regulator of cellular energy homeostasis and has been associated with different pathologies, including cancer. Precisely defining the biological role of AMPK necessitates the availability of a potent and selective inhibitor. METHODS High-throughput screening and chemical optimization were performed to identify a novel AMPK inhibitor. Cell proliferation and mechanistic assays, as well as gene expression analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the cellular impact as well as the crosstalk between lipid metabolism and androgen signaling in prostate cancer models. Also, fatty acid turnover was determined by examining lipid droplet formation. RESULTS We identified BAY-3827 as a novel and potent AMPK inhibitor with additional activity against ribosomal 6 kinase (RSK) family members. It displays strong anti-proliferative effects in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines. Analysis of genes involved in AMPK signaling revealed that the expression of those encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 (PFKFB2), all of which are involved in lipid metabolism, was strongly upregulated by androgen in responsive models. Chromatin immunoprecipitation DNA-sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis identified several androgen receptor (AR) binding peaks in the HMGCR and PFKFB2 genes. BAY-3827 strongly down-regulated the expression of lipase E (LIPE), cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit (PRKAR2B) and serine-threonine kinase AKT3 in responsive prostate cancer cell lines. Also, the expression of members of the carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT1) family was inhibited by BAY-3827, and this was paralleled by impaired lipid flux. CONCLUSIONS The availability of the potent inhibitor BAY-3827 will contribute to a better understanding of the role of AMPK signaling in cancer, especially in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lemos
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker K Schulze
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon J Baumgart
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Bayer US LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tobias Heinrich
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Lefranc
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bader
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara D Christ
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Briem
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara P Kuhnke
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon J Holton
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Bömer
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Lienau
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz von Nussbaum
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carl F Nising
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Bauser
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.,Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Andrea Hägebarth
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Hajj GNM, Nunes PBC, Roffe M. Genome-wide translation patterns in gliomas: An integrative view. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109883. [PMID: 33321181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and include the highly malignant glioblastoma (GBM). Characteristically, gliomas have translational control deregulation related to overactivation of signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 and Ras/ERK1/2. Thus, mRNA translation appears to play a dominant role in glioma gene expression patterns. The, analysis of genome-wide translated transcripts, together known as the translatome, may reveal important information for understanding gene expression patterns in gliomas. This review provides a brief overview of translational control mechanisms altered in gliomas with a focus on the current knowledge related to the translatomes of glioma cells and murine glioma models. We present an integrative meta-analysis of selected glioma translatome data with the aim of identifying recurrent patterns of gene expression preferentially regulated at the level of translation and obtaining clues regarding the pathological significance of these alterations. Re-analysis of several translatome datasets was performed to compare the translatomes of glioma models with those of their non-tumor counterparts and to document glioma cell responses to radiotherapy and MNK modulation. The role of recurrently altered genes in the context of translational control and tumorigenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Noeli Maroso Hajj
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil; National Institute of Oncogenomics and Innovation, Brazil.
| | - Paula Borzino Cordeiro Nunes
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Martin Roffe
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil; National Institute of Oncogenomics and Innovation, Brazil.
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18
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Wang M, Wan H, Wang S, Liao L, Huang Y, Guo L, Liu F, Shang L, Huang J, Ji D, Xia X, Jiang B, Chen D, Xiong K. RSK3 mediates necroptosis by regulating phosphorylation of RIP3 in rat retinal ganglion cells. J Anat 2020; 237:29-47. [PMID: 32162697 PMCID: PMC7309291 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) plays an important role in the necroptosis signaling pathway. Our previous studies have shown that the RIP3/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis occurs in retinal ganglion cell line 5 (RGC-5) following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). However, upstream regulatory pathways of RIP3 are yet to be uncovered. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 3 (RSK3) in the phosphorylation of RIP3 in RGC-5 cell necroptosis following OGD. Our results showed that expression of RSK3, RIP3, and MLKL was upregulated in necroptosis of RGC-5 after OGD. A computer simulation based on our preliminary results indicated that RSK3 might interact with RIP3, which was subsequently confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Further, we found that the application of a specific RSK inhibitor, LJH685, or rsk3 small interfering RNA (siRNA), downregulated the phosphorylation of RIP3. However, the overexpression of rip3 did not affect the expression of RSK3, thereby indicating that RSK3 could be a possible upstream regulator of RIP3 phosphorylation in OGD-induced necroptosis of RGC-5 cells. Moreover, our in vivo results showed that pretreatment with LJH685 before acute high intraocular pressure episodes could reduce the necroptosis of retinal neurons and improve recovery of impaired visual function. Taken together, our findings suggested that RSK3 might work as an upstream regulator of RIP3 phosphorylation during RGC-5 necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wang
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hao Wan
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Shuchao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lvshuang Liao
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yanxia Huang
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Limin Guo
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical ScienceXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Lei Shang
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesAffiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChangshaChina
| | - Dan Ji
- Hunan Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChangshaChina
- Department of OphthalmologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChangshaChina
- Department of OphthalmologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChangshaChina
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChangshaChina
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19
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Matsumura-Kimoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Shimura Y, Chinen Y, Tanba K, Kuwahara-Ota S, Fujibayashi Y, Nishiyama D, Isa R, Yamaguchi J, Kawaji-Kanayama Y, Kobayashi T, Horiike S, Taniwaki M, Kuroda J. Serine-227 in the N-terminal kinase domain of RSK2 is a potential therapeutic target for mantle cell lymphoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5185-5199. [PMID: 32420699 PMCID: PMC7367644 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RSK2 is a serine/threonine kinase downstream signaling mediator in the RAS/ERK signaling pathway and may be a therapeutic target in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an almost incurable disease subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. In this study, serine‐227 (RSK2Ser227) in the N‐terminal kinase domain (NTKD) of RSK2 was found to be ubiquitously active in five MCL‐derived cell lines and in tumor tissues derived from five MCL patients. BI‐D1870, an inhibitor specific to RSK2‐NTKD, caused RSK2Ser227 dephosphorylation, and thereby, induced dose‐dependent growth inhibition via G2/M cell cycle blockade and apoptosis in four of the five cell lines, while one cell line showed only modest sensitivity. In addition, RSK2 gene knockdown caused growth inhibition in the four BI‐D1870‐sensitive cell lines. Comparative gene expression profiling of the MCL‐derived cell lines showed that inhibition of RSK2Ser227 by BI‐D1870 caused downregulation of oncogenes, such as c‐MYC and MYB; anti‐apoptosis genes, such as BCL2 and BCL2L1; genes for B cell development, including IKZF1, IKZF3, and PAX5; and genes constituting the B cell receptor signaling pathway, such as CD19, CD79B, and BLNK. These findings show that targeting of RSK2Ser227 enables concomitant blockade of pathways that are critically important in B cell tumorigenesis. In addition, we found favorable combinatory growth inhibitory effects of BI‐D1870 with inhibitors of BTK (ibrutinib), AKT (ipatasertib), and BCL2 (venetoclax) in cell characteristic‐dependent manners. These results provide a rationale for RSK2Ser227 in the NTKD as a potential therapeutic target in MCL and for future development of a novel bioavailable RSK2 NTKD‐specific inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Chinen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuna Tanba
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Kuwahara-Ota
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuto Fujibayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Nishiyama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Reiko Isa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Yamaguchi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawaji-Kanayama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horiike
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Glennon EKK, Austin LS, Arang N, Kain HS, Mast FD, Vijayan K, Aitchison JD, Kappe SHI, Kaushansky A. Alterations in Phosphorylation of Hepatocyte Ribosomal Protein S6 Control Plasmodium Liver Stage Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3391-3399.e4. [PMID: 30893610 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites are highly selective when infecting hepatocytes and induce many changes within the host cell upon infection. While several host cell factors have been identified that are important for liver infection, our understanding of what facilitates the maintenance of infection remains incomplete. Here, we describe a role for phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (Ser235/236) (p-RPS6) in Plasmodium yoelii-infected hepatocytes. Blocking RPS6 phosphorylation prior to infection decreases the number of liver stage parasites within 24 h. Infected hepatocytes exhibit elevated levels of p-RPS6 while simultaneously abrogating the induction of phosphorylation of RPS6 in response to insulin stimulation. This is in contrast with the regulation of p-RPS6 by Toxoplasma gondii, which elevates levels of p-RPS6 after infection but does not alter the response to insulin. Our data support a model in which RPS6 phosphorylation is uncoupled from canonical regulators in Plasmodium-infected hepatocytes and is relied on by the parasite to maintain infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K K Glennon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura S Austin
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nadia Arang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Heather S Kain
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Fred D Mast
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kamalakannan Vijayan
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John D Aitchison
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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21
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Casalvieri KA, Matheson CJ, Backos DS, Reigan P. Substituted pteridinones as p90 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (RSK) inhibitors: A structure-activity study. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115303. [PMID: 31982240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The activity of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) has emerged as an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its role in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, such as cell transformation and proliferation. Several pan-RSK inhibitors have been identified with BI-D1870 and the pseudo-analogs LJH685 and LJI308 being the most selective, potent, and frequently used small molecule inhibitors. We designed and synthesized a series of pteridinones and pyrimidines to evaluate the structural features of BI-D1870 that are required for RSK2 inhibition. We have identified inhibitors of RSK2 activity, evaluated their target engagement in cells, and measured their effect on cell viability and cytotoxicity in the MOLM-13 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line. The results of our studies support that RSK2 inhibition can be achieved in MOLM-13 cells without potent cytotoxicity. The structure-activity data from this study will be used as a platform to develop novel RSK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Casalvieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher J Matheson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Donald S Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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22
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M. Hajj GN, da Silva FF, de Bellis B, Lupinacci FCS, Bellato HM, Cruz JR, Segundo CNC, Faquini IV, Torres LC, Sanematsu PI, Begnami MD, Martins VR, Roffé M. Aberrant expression of RSK1 characterizes high-grade gliomas with immune infiltration. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:159-179. [PMID: 31701625 PMCID: PMC6944115 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family, a downstream target of Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, can mediate cross-talk with the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. As RSK connects two oncogenic pathways in gliomas, we investigated the protein levels of the RSK isoforms RSK1-4 in nontumoral brain (NB) and grade I-IV gliomas. When compared to NB or low-grade gliomas (LGG), a group of glioblastomas (GBMs) that excluded long-survivor cases expressed higher levels of RSK1 (RSK1hi ). No difference was observed in RSK2 median-expression levels among NB and gliomas; however, high levels of RSK2 in GBM (RSK2hi ) were associated with worse survival. RSK4 expression was not detected in any brain tissues, whereas RSK3 expression was very low, with GBM demonstrating the lowest RSK3 protein levels. RSK1hi and, to a lesser extent, RSK2hi GBMs showed higher levels of phosphorylated RSK, which reveals RSK activation. Transcriptome analysis indicated that most RSK1hi GBMs belonged to the mesenchymal subtype, and RSK1 expression strongly correlated with gene expression signature of immune infiltrates, in particular of activated natural killer cells and M2 macrophages. In an independent cohort, we confirmed that RSK1hi GBMs exclude long survivors, and RSK1 expression was associated with high protein levels of the mesenchymal subtype marker lysosomal protein transmembrane 5, as well as with high expression of CD68, which indicated the presence of infiltrating immune cells. An RSK1 signature was obtained based on differentially expressed mRNAs and validated in public glioma datasets. Enrichment of RSK1 signature followed glioma progression, recapitulating RSK1 protein expression, and was associated with worse survival not only in GBM but also in LGG. In conclusion, both RSK1 and RSK2 associate with glioma malignity, but displaying isoform-specific peculiarities. The progression-dependent expression and association with immune infiltration suggest RSK1 as a potential progression marker and therapeutic target for gliomas.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Databases, Genetic
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Glioma/genetics
- Glioma/immunology
- Glioma/metabolism
- Glioma/secondary
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Grading
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Isoforms
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Transcriptome/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia N. M. Hajj
- International Research CenterA.C.Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in OncogenomicsSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Bárbara de Bellis
- International Research CenterA.C.Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - Juvanier R. Cruz
- Department of Clinical OncologyHospital do Câncer de PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | | | - Igor V. Faquini
- Department of NeurosurgeryHospital da RestauraçãoRecifeBrazil
- Translational Research Laboratory Prof. C. A. HartInstituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando FigueiraRecifeBrazil
| | - Leuridan C. Torres
- Department of Clinical OncologyHospital do Câncer de PernambucoRecifeBrazil
- Translational Research Laboratory Prof. C. A. HartInstituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando FigueiraRecifeBrazil
| | | | | | - Vilma R. Martins
- International Research CenterA.C.Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in OncogenomicsSão PauloBrazil
| | - Martín Roffé
- International Research CenterA.C.Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in OncogenomicsSão PauloBrazil
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23
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Zhang X, Cai L, Zhao S, Long J, Li J, Wu L, Su J, Zhang J, Tao J, Zhou J, Chen X, Peng C. CX-F9, a novel RSK2 inhibitor, suppresses cutaneous melanoma cells proliferation and metastasis through regulating autophagy. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Stathopoulou K, Schobesberger S, Bork NI, Sprenger JU, Perera RK, Sotoud H, Geertz B, David JP, Christ T, Nikolaev VO, Cuello F. Divergent off-target effects of RSK N-terminal and C-terminal kinase inhibitors in cardiac myocytes. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109362. [PMID: 31344438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
P90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK) are ubiquitously expressed and regulate responses to neurohumoral stimulation. To study the role of RSK signalling on cardiac myocyte function and protein phosphorylation, pharmacological RSK inhibitors were tested. Here, the ATP competitive N-terminal kinase domain-targeting compounds D1870 and SL0101 and the allosteric C-terminal kinase domain-targeting FMK were evaluated regarding their ability to modulate cardiac myocyte protein phosphorylation. Exposure to D1870 and SL0101 significantly enhanced phospholamban (PLN) Ser16 and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) Ser22/23 phosphorylation in response to D1870 and SL0101 upon exposure to phenylephrine (PE) that activates RSK. In contrast, FMK pretreatment significantly reduced phosphorylation of both proteins in response to PE. D1870-mediated enhancement of PLN Ser16 phosphorylation was also observed after exposure to isoprenaline or noradrenaline (NA) stimuli that do not activate RSK. Inhibition of β-adrenoceptors by atenolol or cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) by H89 prevented the D1870-mediated increase in PLN phosphorylation, suggesting that PKA is the kinase responsible for the observed phosphorylation. Assessment of changes in cAMP formation by FRET measurements revealed increased cAMP formation in vicinity to PLN after exposure to D1870 and SL0101. D1870 inhibited phosphodiesterase activity similarly as established PDE inhibitors rolipram or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Assessment of catecholamine-mediated force development in rat ventricular muscle strips revealed significantly reduced EC50 for NA after D1870 pretreatment (DMSO/NA: 2.33 μmol/L vs. D1870/NA: 1.30 μmol/L). The data reveal enhanced cardiac protein phosphorylation by D1870 and SL0101 that was not detectable in response to FMK. This disparate effect might be attributed to off-target inhibition of PDEs with impact on muscle function as demonstrated for D1870.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Stathopoulou
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Schobesberger
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadja I Bork
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia U Sprenger
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ruwan K Perera
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannieh Sotoud
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Geertz
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre David
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Cuello
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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25
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Mahameed M, Obiedat A, Beck G, Johnson JC, Tirosh B. Low concentrations of cadmium chloride promotes protein translation and improve cell line productivity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:569-580. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahameed
- Institute for Drug ResearchThe School of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem Israel
| | - Akram Obiedat
- Institute for Drug ResearchThe School of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem Israel
| | - Gad Beck
- Molecular Biology and Fermentation Unit, Valin TechnologiesYavne Israel
| | | | - Boaz Tirosh
- Institute for Drug ResearchThe School of PharmacyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem Israel
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Carmona-Martínez V, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Vera M, Guirado A, Martínez-Esparza M, García-Peñarrubia P. Therapeutic potential of pteridine derivatives: A comprehensive review. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:461-516. [PMID: 30341778 DOI: 10.1002/med.21529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pteridines are aromatic compounds formed by fused pyrazine and pyrimidine rings. Many living organisms synthesize pteridines, where they act as pigments, enzymatic cofactors, or immune system activation molecules. This variety of biological functions has motivated the synthesis of a huge number of pteridine derivatives with the aim of studying their therapeutic potential. This review gathers the state-of-the-art of pteridine derivatives, describing their biological activities and molecular targets. The antitumor activity of pteridine-based compounds is one of the most studied and advanced therapeutic potentials, for which several molecular targets have been identified. Nevertheless, pteridines are also considered as very promising therapeutics for the treatment of chronic inflammation-related diseases. On the other hand, many pteridine derivatives have been tested for antimicrobial activities but, although some of them resulted to be active in preliminary assays, a deeper research is needed in this area. Moreover, pteridines may be of use in the treatment of many other diseases, such as diabetes, osteoporosis, ischemia, or neurodegeneration, among others. Thus, the diversity of the biological activities shown by these compounds highlights the promising therapeutic use of pteridine derivatives. Indeed, methotrexate, pralatrexate, and triamterene are Food and Drug Administration approved pteridines, while many others are currently under study in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Carmona-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio J Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Vera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Guirado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Esparza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Peñarrubia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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27
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Houles T, Roux PP. Defining the role of the RSK isoforms in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 48:53-61. [PMID: 28476656 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The 90kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family is a group of Ser/Thr protein kinases (RSK1-4) that function downstream of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. RSK regulates many substrates involved in cell survival, growth, and proliferation, and as such, deregulated RSK activity has been associated with multiple cancer types. RSK expression and activity are dysregulated in several malignancies, including breast, prostate, and lung cancer, and available evidence suggests that RSK may be a promising cancer therapeutic target. Current limitations include the lack of RSK inhibitors with suitable pharmacokinetics and selectivity toward particular isoforms. This review briefly describes the current knowledge on RSK activation and function, with a particular emphasis on RSK-dependent mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis and pharmacological inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Houles
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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28
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Casalvieri KA, Matheson CJ, Backos DS, Reigan P. Selective Targeting of RSK Isoforms in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:302-312. [PMID: 28718440 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase family (RSK1-4) is a group of highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases that act as downstream effectors of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. The RSKs phosphorylate a range of substrates involved in transcription, translation, cell cycle regulation, and cell survival. Although the RSKs have a high degree of sequence homology, their functional differences in cancer are of great interest. Current RSK inhibitors target more than one RSK isoform, and this may limit their efficacy as anticancer agents. Here, we review the structure and function of the RSK kinases, their role in cancer growth and survival, and their potential as modulators of chemoresistance. In addition, we summarize the development of current RSK inhibitors and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Casalvieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, V20-2102, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher J Matheson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, V20-2102, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Donald S Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, V20-2102, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, V20-2102, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Loo LH, Bougen-Zhukov NM, Tan WLC. Early spatiotemporal-specific changes in intermediate signals are predictive of cytotoxic sensitivity to TNFα and co-treatments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43541. [PMID: 28272488 PMCID: PMC5341104 DOI: 10.1038/srep43541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways can generate different cellular responses to the same cytotoxic agents. Current quantitative models for predicting these differential responses are usually based on large numbers of intracellular gene products or signals at different levels of signaling cascades. Here, we report a study to predict cellular sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) using high-throughput cellular imaging and machine-learning methods. We measured and compared 1170 protein phosphorylation events in a panel of human lung cancer cell lines based on different signals, subcellular regions, and time points within one hour of TNFα treatment. We found that two spatiotemporal-specific changes in an intermediate signaling protein, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), are sufficient to predict the TNFα sensitivity of these cell lines. Our models could also predict the combined effects of TNFα and other kinase inhibitors, many of which are not known to target RSK directly. Therefore, early spatiotemporal-specific changes in intermediate signals are sufficient to represent the complex cellular responses to these perturbations. Our study provides a general framework for the development of rapid, signaling-based cytotoxicity screens that may be used to predict cellular sensitivity to a cytotoxic agent, or identify co-treatments that may sensitize or desensitize cells to the agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lit-Hsin Loo
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Nicola Michelle Bougen-Zhukov
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Wei-Ling Cecilia Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore
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30
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Hammoud L, Adams JR, Loch AJ, Marcellus RC, Uehling DE, Aman A, Fladd C, McKee TD, Jo CEB, Al-Awar R, Egan SE, Rossant J. Identification of RSK and TTK as Modulators of Blood Vessel Morphogenesis Using an Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Vascular Differentiation Assay. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:787-801. [PMID: 27618721 PMCID: PMC5063585 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are formed through vasculogenesis, followed by remodeling of the endothelial network through angiogenesis. Many events that occur during embryonic vascular development are recapitulated during adult neoangiogenesis, which is critical to tumor growth and metastasis. Current antiangiogenic tumor therapies, based largely on targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, show limited clinical benefits, thus necessitating the discovery of alternative targets. Here we report the development of a robust embryonic stem cell-based vascular differentiation assay amenable to small-molecule screens to identify novel modulators of angiogenesis. In this context, RSK and TTK were identified as angiogenic modulators. Inhibition of these pathways inhibited angiogenesis in embryoid bodies and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, inhibition of RSK and TTK reduced tumor growth, vascular density, and improved survival in an in vivo Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model. Our study suggests that RSK and TTK are potential targets for antiangiogenic therapy, and provides an assay system for further pathway screens. Development of ESC-based vascular differentiation assay amenable to drug screening Screening a kinase library identified RSK and TTK as angiogenic modulators RSK and TTK inhibition disrupted angiogenesis in vitro RSK and TTK inhibition inhibited Lewis lung tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Hammoud
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jessica R Adams
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Amanda J Loch
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Richard C Marcellus
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - David E Uehling
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Christopher Fladd
- SPARC BioCentre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Radiation Medicine Program, STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christine E B Jo
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Sean E Egan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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31
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The integrin-linked kinase-associated phosphatase (ILKAP) is a regulatory hub of ovarian cancer cell susceptibility to platinum drugs. Eur J Cancer 2016; 60:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Gaestel M. MAPK-Activated Protein Kinases (MKs): Novel Insights and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 3:88. [PMID: 26779481 PMCID: PMC4705221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream of MAPKs, such as classical/atypical ERKs and p38 MAPKs, but not of JNKs, signaling is often mediated by protein kinases which are phosphorylated and activated by MAPKs and, therefore, designated MAPK-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs). Recently, novel insights into the specificity of the assembly of MAPK/MAPKAPK hetero-dimeric protein kinase signaling complexes have been gained. In addition, new functional aspects of MKs have been described and established functions have been challenged. This short review will summarize recent developments including the linear motif (LM) in MKs, the ERK-independent activation of RSK, the RSK-independent effects of some RSK-inhibitors and the challenged role of MK5/PRAK in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gaestel
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical University Hannover, Germany
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33
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Jain R, Mathur M, Lan J, Costales A, Atallah G, Ramurthy S, Subramanian S, Setti L, Feucht P, Warne B, Doyle L, Basham S, Jefferson AB, Lindvall M, Appleton BA, Shafer CM. Discovery of Potent and Selective RSK Inhibitors as Biological Probes. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6766-83. [PMID: 26270416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family has been implicated in multiple tumor cell functions, the full understanding of this kinase family has been restricted by the lack of highly selective inhibitors. A bis-phenol pyrazole was identified from high-throughput screening as an inhibitor of the N-terminal kinase of RSK2. Structure-based drug design using crystallography, conformational analysis, and scaffold morphing resulted in highly optimized difluorophenol pyridine inhibitors of the RSK kinase family as demonstrated cellularly by the inhibition of YB1 phosphorylation. These compounds provide for the first time in vitro tools with an improved selectivity and potency profile to examine the importance of RSK signaling in cancer cells and to fully evaluate RSK as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Jain
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Michelle Mathur
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jiong Lan
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Abran Costales
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Gordana Atallah
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Savithri Ramurthy
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sharadha Subramanian
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Lina Setti
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Paul Feucht
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Bob Warne
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Laura Doyle
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Stephen Basham
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Anne B Jefferson
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Mika Lindvall
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Brent A Appleton
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Cynthia M Shafer
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Oncology & Exploratory Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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