1
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Liang X, Zhang C, Shen L, Ding L, Guo H. Role of non‑coding RNAs in UV‑induced radiation effects (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:262. [PMID: 38756908 PMCID: PMC11097301 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) is divided into UVA (long-wave, 320-400 nm), UVB (middle-wave, 280-320 nm) and UVC (short-wave, 100-280 nm) based on wavelength. UV radiation (UVR) from sunlight (UVA + UVB) is a major cause of skin photodamage including skin inflammation, aging and pigmentation. Accidental exposure to UVC burns the skin and induces skin cancer. In addition to the skin, UV radiation can also impair visual function. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of functional RNAs that do not have coding activity but can control cellular processes at the post-transcriptional level, including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circulatory RNA (circRNA). Through a review of the literature, it was determined that UVR can affect the expression of various ncRNAs, and that this regulation may be wavelength specific. Functionally, ncRNAs participate in the regulation of photodamage through various pathways and play pathogenic or protective regulatory roles. In addition, ncRNAs that are upregulated or downregulated by UVR can serve as biomarkers for UV-induced diseases, aiding in diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNAs, including the use of natural drugs and their extracts, have shown protective effects against UV-induced photodamage. In the present review, an extensive summarization of previous studies was performed and the role and mechanism of ncRNAs in UV-induced radiation effects was reviewed to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of UV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qiqihar MingZhu Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
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2
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Melnik BC. Acne Transcriptomics: Fundamentals of Acne Pathogenesis and Isotretinoin Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2600. [PMID: 37998335 PMCID: PMC10670572 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review on acne transcriptomics allows for deeper insights into the pathogenesis of acne and isotretinoin's mode of action. Puberty-induced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and androgen signaling activate the kinase AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). A Western diet (hyperglycemic carbohydrates and milk/dairy products) also co-stimulates AKT/mTORC1 signaling. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear FoxO1 and FoxO3 results in their extrusion into the cytoplasm, a critical switch which enhances the transactivation of lipogenic and proinflammatory transcription factors, including androgen receptor (AR), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), but reduces the FoxO1-dependent expression of GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6), the key transcription factor for infundibular keratinocyte homeostasis. The AKT-mediated phosphorylation of the p53-binding protein MDM2 promotes the degradation of p53. In contrast, isotretinoin enhances the expression of p53, FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the sebaceous glands of acne patients. The overexpression of these proapoptotic transcription factors explains isotretinoin's desirable sebum-suppressive effect via the induction of sebocyte apoptosis and the depletion of BLIMP1(+) sebocyte progenitor cells; it also explains its adverse effects, including teratogenicity (neural crest cell apoptosis), a reduced ovarian reserve (granulosa cell apoptosis), the risk of depression (the apoptosis of hypothalamic neurons), VLDL hyperlipidemia, intracranial hypertension and dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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3
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Tang Y, Yu J, Zhao W, Liu J, Peng H, Zhang H, Jiang Z, Yu Q, Zhang L. Total glucosides of Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae: a therapeutic approach for psoriasis by regulating Th17/Treg balance. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:589-598. [PMID: 37611977 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Total glucosides of Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG) are selective immunosuppressants that exhibit primary efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through targeted inhibition of activated T cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential application of RSG in the treatment of psoriasis and elucidate its mechanism of action and material basis. Our findings revealed significant improvements upon administration of RSG in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model. These improvements were characterized by a remarkable increase in the number of tail scales in mice and a substantial amelioration of skin erythema, ulceration, and flaking. By transcriptome sequencing and T-cell flow sorting assay, we identified notable effects of RSG on the modulation of various cellular processes. Specifically, RSG prominently down-regulated the Th17/Treg ratio in damaged skin tissues and reduced the proportion of G2 phase cells. Furthermore, RSG exhibited a stimulatory effect on the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. Of particular interest, we discovered that β-sitosterol, sitostenone, stigmasterol, smiglanin, and cinchonain Ib displayed potent inhibitory effects on the IL-17-mediated inflammatory response in HaCaT cells. In summary, our study highlights the therapeutic potential of RSG in the treatment of psoriasis, attributed to its ability to regulate the Th17/Treg balance. These findings contribute to the development of new indications for RSG and provide a solid theoretical foundation for further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhan Tang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Guangzhou Baiyunshan Jingxiutang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510130, China
| | - Jingyi Yu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Juyan Liu
- Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510103, China
| | - Hongying Peng
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Jingxiutang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510130, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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4
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La Y, Wong W, Peng K, Tian Z, Pan J, Sun R, Luan J, Yan K, Zhang Q, Zhang Z. Decreased Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in a Novel Mvd F250S/+ Knock-In Mouse Model. Inflammation 2023:10.1007/s10753-023-01828-z. [PMID: 37227548 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mevalonate-diphosphate decarboxylase (MVD) gene, a member of the mevalonate pathway, plays a critical role in regulating the biosynthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, and non-steroid isoprenoids. Previous studies have suggested that the MVD c.746 T > C mutation is a major pathogenic gene of porokeratosis (PK), an autoinflammatory keratinization disease (AIKD) with unclear pathogenesis, few effective treatments, and no suitable animal model. To investigate the function of MvdF250S/+ mutation, we developed a novel MvdF250S/+ mouse model carrying an equivalent point mutation to the most common genetic variation among Chinese PK patients (MVDF249S/+) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which exhibited reduced cutaneous expression of Mvd protein. In the absence of external stimulation, MvdF250S/+ mice did not display specific phenotypes. However, upon induction with imiquimod (IMQ), MvdF250S/+ mice exhibited decreased susceptibility to skin acute inflammation compared to wild-type (WT) mice, as evidenced by reduced cutaneous proliferation and lower protein levels of IL-17a and IL-1β. Additionally, after IMQ induction, the MvdF250S/+mice exhibited downregulated collagen generation and upregulated expression of Fabp3 compared to WT mice, whereas no significant changes in the key genes related to cholesterol regulation were found. Furthermore, the MvdF250S/+ mutation activated autophagy. Our findings provided insights into the biological function of MVD in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng La
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenghong Wong
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiewen Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruilin Sun
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Luan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexiang Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Wu A, Lu J, Zhong G, Lu L, Qu Y, Zhang C. Xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen): A review of its chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3805-3832. [PMID: 35913174 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Xanthotoxin (XAT) is a natural furanocoumarins, a bioactive psoralen isolated from the fruit of the Rutaceae plant Pepper, which has received increasing attention in recent years due to its wide source and low cost. By collecting and compiling literature on XAT, the results show that XAT exhibits significant activity in the treatment of various diseases, including neuroprotection, skin repair, osteoprotection, organ protection, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidative stress and antibacterial. In this paper, we review the pharmacological activity and potential molecular mechanisms of XAT for the treatment of related diseases. The data suggest that XAT can mechanistically induce ROS production and promote apoptosis through mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum pathways, regulate NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK, AKT/mTOR, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways to exert pharmacological effects. In addition, the pharmacokinetics properties and toxicity of XAT are discussed in this paper, further elucidating the relationship between structure and efficacy. It is worth noting that data from clinical studies of XAT are still scarce, limiting the use of XAT in the clinic, and in the future, more in-depth studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of XAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Wu
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guofeng Zhong
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ling Lu
- Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yan Qu
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
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6
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Samir P, Kanneganti TD. DEAD/H-Box Helicases in Immunity, Inflammation, Cell Differentiation, and Cell Death and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1608. [PMID: 35626643 PMCID: PMC9139286 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAD/H-box proteins are the largest family of RNA helicases in mammalian genomes, and they are present in all kingdoms of life. Since their discovery in the late 1980s, DEAD/H-box family proteins have been a major focus of study. They have been found to play central roles in RNA metabolism, gene expression, signal transduction, programmed cell death, and the immune response to bacterial and viral infections. Aberrant functions of DEAD/H-box proteins have been implicated in a wide range of human diseases that include cancer, neurodegeneration, and inherited genetic disorders. In this review, we provide a historical context and discuss the molecular functions of DEAD/H-box proteins, highlighting the recent discoveries linking their dysregulation to human diseases. We will also discuss the state of knowledge regarding two specific DEAD/H-box proteins that have critical roles in immune responses and programmed cell death, DDX3X and DDX58, also known as RIG-I. Given their importance in homeostasis and disease, an improved understanding of DEAD/H-box protein biology and protein-protein interactions will be critical for informing strategies to counteract the pathogenesis associated with several human diseases.
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7
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Gupta S, Panda PK, Hashimoto RF, Samal SK, Mishra S, Verma SK, Mishra YK, Ahuja R. Dynamical modeling of miR-34a, miR-449a, and miR-16 reveals numerous DDR signaling pathways regulating senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4911. [PMID: 35318393 PMCID: PMC8941124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfection of tumor suppressor miRNAs such as miR-34a, miR-449a, and miR-16 with DNA damage can regulate apoptosis and senescence in cancer cells. miR-16 has been shown to influence autophagy in cervical cancer. However, the function of miR-34a and miR-449a in autophagy remains unknown. The functional and persistent G1/S checkpoint signaling pathways in HeLa cells via these three miRNAs, either synergistically or separately, remain a mystery. As a result, we present a synthetic Boolean network of the functional G1/S checkpoint regulation, illustrating the regulatory effects of these three miRNAs. To our knowledge, this is the first synthetic Boolean network that demonstrates the advanced role of these miRNAs in cervical cancer signaling pathways reliant on or independent of p53, such as MAPK or AMPK. We compared our estimated probability to the experimental data and found reasonable agreement. Our findings indicate that miR-34a or miR-16 may control senescence, autophagy, apoptosis, and the functional G1/S checkpoint. Additionally, miR-449a can regulate just senescence and apoptosis on an individual basis. MiR-449a can coordinate autophagy in HeLa cells in a synergistic manner with miR-16 and/or miR-34a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Gupta
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1010, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ronaldo F Hashimoto
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1010, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Shailesh Kumar Samal
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suman Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Suresh Kr Verma
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
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8
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Wang C, Li J, Yang X, Wang Q, Zhong H, Liu Y, Yan W, He Y, Deng Z, Xiao J, Feng H. Black carp IKKε collaborates with IRF3 in the antiviral signaling. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:160-168. [PMID: 34500054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is activated by IκB kinase ε (IKKε) and Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which plays a crucial role in the interferon signaling in vertebrates. However, the regulation of teleost IRF3 by IKKε remains largely unknown. In this study, the IRF3 homologue (bcIRF3) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. The transcription of bcIRF3 was detected to increase in host cells in response to different stimuli. bcIRF3 distributed predominantly in the cytosolic area; however, translocated into nuclei after virus infection. bcIRF3 showed IFN-inducing ability in reporter assay and EPC cells expressing bcIRF3 showed enhanced antiviral ability against both grass carp reovirus (GCRV) and spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). Moreover, knockdown of bcIRF3 reduced the antiviral ability of the host cells, and the transcription of antiviral-related cytokines was obviously lower in bcIRF3-deficient host cells than that of control cells. The data of reporter assay and plaque assay demonstrated that bcIKKε obviously enhanced bcIRF3-mediated IFN production and antiviral activity. Immunofluorescent staining and co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that bcIKKε interacted with bcIRF3. It was interesting that the nuclear translocation of bcIRF3 and bcIKKε was enhanced by each other when these two molecules were co-expressed in the cells, however, the protein levels of bcIRF3 and bcIKKε were decreased mutually. Thus, our data support the conclusion that bcIKKε interacts with bcIRF3 and enhances bcIRF3-mediated antiviral signaling during host innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Study and Utilization of Ethnic Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Huijuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Weiyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yunfan He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zhuoyi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Lee SY, Won KJ, Kim DY, Kim MJ, Won YR, Kim NY, Lee HM. Wound Healing-Promoting and Melanogenesis-Inhibiting Activities of Angelica polymorpha Maxim. Flower Absolute In Vitro and Its Chemical Composition. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206172. [PMID: 34684753 PMCID: PMC8539107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica polymorpha Maxim. (APM) is used in traditional medicine to treat chronic gastritis, rheumatic pain, and duodenal bulbar ulcers. However, it is not known whether APM has epidermis-associated biological activities. Here, we investigated the effects of APM flower absolute (APMFAb) on responses associated with skin wound healing and whitening using epidermal cells. APMFAb was obtained by solvent extraction and its composition was analyzed by GC/MS. Water-soluble tetrazolium salt, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation, Boyden chamber, sprouting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting were used to examine the effects of APMFAb on HaCaT keratinocytes and B16BL6 melanoma cells. APMFAb contained five compounds and induced keratinocyte migration, proliferation, and type IV collagen synthesis. APMFAb also induced the phosphorylations of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and AKT in keratinocytes. In addition, APMFAb decreased serum-induced B16BL6 cell proliferation and inhibited tyrosinase expression, melanin contents, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16BL6 cells. These findings demonstrate that APMFAb has beneficial effects on skin wound healing by promoting the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of keratinocytes and on skin whitening by inhibiting melanin synthesis in melanoma cells. Therefore, we suggest that APMFAb has potential use as a wound healing and skin whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Lee
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Do-Yoon Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Mi-Jung Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Yu-Rim Won
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Nan-Young Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Hwan-Myung Lee
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (S.-Y.L.); (D.-Y.K.); (M.-J.K.); (Y.-R.W.); (N.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-9551
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10
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Involvement of microRNAs as a Response to Phototherapy and Photodynamic Therapy: A Literature Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081310. [PMID: 34439557 PMCID: PMC8389319 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The current knowledge about the mechanisms of action of light-based treatments (chiefly photodynamic therapy and phototherapy) in skin diseases leans to the possible involvement of epigenetic and oxidative stress mechanisms. To better understand and exploit, to the fullest, these relatively safe and reproducible treatments, several studies have focused on miRNAs, small non-encoding RNAs (22–24 nucleotides), after light-based treatments. The current narrative review focused on 25 articles. A meta-analysis was not deemed appropriate. The results gather the most recurrent skin-related miRNAs up- or downregulated after light treatment. Five of these, miR-21, -29, -125, -145 and -155, are either the most consistently related to efficacy/resistance to treatment or identified as helpful diagnostic tools. A specific class of miRNAs (angioMIRs) requires further studies. Future treatments and imaging techniques could benefit greatly from the use of antagomirs as a possible co-adjuvant therapy along with light-based treatments.
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11
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Phototherapy for Psoriasis: New Research and Insights. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-020-00324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Shan C, Chen X, Cai H, Hao X, Li J, Zhang Y, Gao J, Zhou Z, Li X, Liu C, Li P, Wang K. The Emerging Roles of Autophagy-Related MicroRNAs in Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:134-150. [PMID: 33390839 PMCID: PMC7757044 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process involving the degradation and recycling of damaged biomacromolecules or organelles through lysosomal-dependent pathways and plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Consequently, abnormal autophagy is associated with multiple diseases, such as infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Currently, autophagy is considered to be a dual regulator in cancer, functioning as a suppressor in the early stage while supporting the growth and metastasis of cancer cells in the later stage and may also produce therapeutic resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by silencing targeted mRNA. MiRNAs have great regulatory potential for several fundamental biological processes, including autophagy. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have linked miRNA dysfunction to the growth, metabolism, migration, metastasis, and responses of cancer cells to therapy. Therefore, the study of autophagy-related miRNAs in cancer will provide insights into cancer biology and lead to the development of novel anti-cancer strategies. In the present review, we summarise the current knowledge of miRNA dysregulation during autophagy in cancer, focusing on the relationship between autophagy and miRNAs, and discuss their involvement in cancer biology and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Shan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hongjing Cai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiaodan Hao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhixia Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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13
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Siddappa M, Wani SA, Long MD, Leach DA, Mathé EA, Bevan CL, Campbell MJ. Identification of transcription factor co-regulators that drive prostate cancer progression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20332. [PMID: 33230156 PMCID: PMC7683598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer (PCa), and many other hormone-dependent cancers, there is clear evidence for distorted transcriptional control as disease driver mechanisms. Defining which transcription factor (TF) and coregulators are altered and combine to become oncogenic drivers remains a challenge, in part because of the multitude of TFs and coregulators and the diverse genomic space on which they function. The current study was undertaken to identify which TFs and coregulators are commonly altered in PCa. We generated unique lists of TFs (n = 2662), coactivators (COA; n = 766); corepressors (COR; n = 599); mixed function coregulators (MIXED; n = 511), and to address the challenge of defining how these genes are altered we tested how expression, copy number alterations and mutation status varied across seven prostate cancer (PCa) cohorts (three of localized and four advanced disease). Testing of significant changes was undertaken by bootstrapping approaches and the most significant changes were identified. For one commonly and significantly altered gene were stably knocked-down expression and undertook cell biology experiments and RNA-Seq to identify differentially altered gene networks and their association with PCa progression risks. COAS, CORS, MIXED and TFs all displayed significant down-regulated expression (q.value < 0.1) and correlated with protein expression (r 0.4-0.55). In localized PCa, stringent expression filtering identified commonly altered TFs and coregulator genes, including well-established (e.g. ERG) and underexplored (e.g. PPARGC1A, encodes PGC1α). Reduced PPARGC1A expression significantly associated with worse disease-free survival in two cohorts of localized PCa. Stable PGC1α knockdown in LNCaP cells increased growth rates and invasiveness and RNA-Seq revealed a profound basal impact on gene expression (~ 2300 genes; FDR < 0.05, logFC > 1.5), but only modestly impacted PPARγ responses. GSEA analyses of the PGC1α transcriptome revealed that it significantly altered the AR-dependent transcriptome, and was enriched for epigenetic modifiers. PGC1α-dependent genes were overlapped with PGC1α-ChIP-Seq genes and significantly associated in TCGA with higher grade tumors and worse disease-free survival. These methods and data demonstrate an approach to identify cancer-driver coregulators in cancer, and that PGC1α expression is clinically significant yet underexplored coregulator in aggressive early stage PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Siddappa
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 536 Parks Hall, 500 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sajad A Wani
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 536 Parks Hall, 500 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mark D Long
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (RPCCC), Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Damien A Leach
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ewy A Mathé
- Biomedical Informatics Department, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, 9800 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Moray J Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 536 Parks Hall, 500 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,The James, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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14
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Wang J, Kaplan N, Wang S, Yang W, Wang L, He C, Peng H. Autophagy plays a positive role in induction of epidermal proliferation. FASEB J 2020; 34:10657-10667. [PMID: 32598088 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000770rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a multistage catabolic process that mediates stress responses. However, the role of autophagy in epidermal proliferation, particularly under conditions when the epidermis becomes "activated" (hyperproliferative), remains unclear. We have shown that inhibition of Beclin 1, a key activator in the initiation phase of autophagy, attenuates imiquimod (IMQ)-induced epidermal hyperplasia in adult mice as well as naturally occurring hyperproliferation in neonatal mouse epidermis. Inhibition of Beclin 1 did not change the levels of several key inflammatory molecules or the numbers of immune cells in lesional skins. This indicates that autophagy does not affect inflammatory regulators in IMQ-treated mouse skin. Bioinformatic analysis combined with gene expression quantitative assays, revealed that a deficiency in autophagy decreases the expression of PDZ Binding Kinase (PBK), a regulator of the cell cycle, in mouse epidermis and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs). Interestingly, the decrease in PBK results in inhibition of proliferation in HEKs and such reduced proliferation can be rescued by activation of p38, the downstream signaling of PBK. Collectively, autophagy plays a positive role in epidermal proliferation, which is in part via regulating PBK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wending Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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15
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RNA Signaling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Double-Stranded Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093124. [PMID: 32354189 PMCID: PMC7247700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of and response to pathogens and tissue injury is driven by the innate immune system via activation of pattern recognition receptors. One of the many patterns recognized is RNA and, while several receptors bind RNA, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is well placed for initial recognition of RNA molecules due to its localization within the endosome. There is a growing body of work describing a role for TLR3 in maintenance of vascular homeostasis. For example, TLR3 deficiency has been shown to play repair and remodeling roles in the systemic vasculature and in lung parenchyma. A hallmark of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is pulmonary vascular remodeling, yet drivers and triggers of this remodeling remain incompletely understood. Based on its role in the systemic vasculature, our group discovered reduced endothelial TLR3 expression in PAH and revealed a protective role for a TLR3 agonist in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension. This review will provide an overview of RNA signaling in the vasculature and how it relates to PAH pathobiology, including whether targeting double-stranded RNA signaling is a potential treatment option for PAH.
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Wang Y, Jiang Q, Chakravarti A, Cai H, Xu Z, Wu W, Gu B, Li L, Cai W. MicroRNA-4516-mediated regulation of MAPK10 relies on 3' UTR cis-acting variants and contributes to the altered risk of Hirschsprung disease. J Med Genet 2020; 57:634-642. [PMID: 32066630 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a life-threatening congenital disorder in which the enteric nervous system is completely missing from the distal gut. Recent studies have shown that miR-4516 markedly inhibits cell migration, and as one of its potential targets, MAPK10 functions as a modifier for developing HSCR. We thus aimed to evaluate the role of miR-4516 and MAPK10 in HSCR and how they contribute to the pathogenesis of HSCR. METHODS We examined 13 genetic variants using the MassArray system in a case-control study (n=1015). We further investigated miR-4516-mediated regulation of MAPK10 in HSCR cases and human neural cells, the effects of cis-acting elements in MAPK10 on miR-4516-mediated modulation and cell migration process. RESULTS Three positive 3' UTR variants in MAPK10 were associated with altered HSCR susceptibility. We also showed that miR-4516 directly regulates MAPK10 expression, and this regulatory mechanism is significantly affected by the 3' UTR cis-acting elements of MAPK10. In addition, knock-down of MAPK10 rescued the effect of miR-4516 on the migration of human neural cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a key role of miR-4516 and its direct target MAPK10 in HSCR risk, and highlight the general importance of cis- and posttranscriptional modulation for HSCR pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China .,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Beilin Gu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China .,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
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17
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Akkoc Y, Gozuacik D. MicroRNAs as major regulators of the autophagy pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118662. [PMID: 32001304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular stress response mechanism activation of which leads to degradation of cellular components, including proteins as well as damaged organelles in lysosomes. Defects in autophagy mechanisms were associated with several pathologies (e.g. cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and rare genetic diseases). Therefore, autophagy regulation is under strict control. Transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms that control autophagy in cells and organisms studied in detail. Recent studies introduced non-coding small RNAs, and especially microRNAs (miRNAs) in the post-translational orchestration of the autophagic activity. In this review article, we analyzed in detail the current status of autophagy-miRNA connections. Comprehensive documentation of miRNAs that were directly involved in autophagy regulation resulted in the emergence of common themes and concepts governing these complex and intricate interactions. Hence, a better and systematic understanding of these interactions reveals a central role for miRNAs in the regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Akkoc
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Orhanli-Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Orhanli-Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
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18
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Jing D, Zhou W, Shen L, Zhang Q, Xie W, Shen E, Li Z, Shen L, Sun L. RIG-I promotes IFN/JAK2 expression and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response to inhibit chemoradiation resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6344-6357. [PMID: 31464090 PMCID: PMC6797570 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RIG-I is associated with the occurrence and development of many tumors. However, the role of RIG-I in radiotherapy and chemotherapy in NPC has not been reported to date. In our study, RIG-I expression was significantly reduced in chemoradiotherapy-resistant NPC tissues and cells compared with that in therapy-sensitive tissues and cells. RIG-I expression increased in nonresistant NPC cells, including CNE1 and CNE2, in a dose-dependent manner with increasing chemotherapy drug concentration or radiotherapy dose. RIG-I overexpression promoted radiotherapy and chemotherapy sensitivity in NPC cells, leading to cellular apoptosis and increased expression of the proapoptotic factors BAX and caspase-3. Similarly, RIG-I knockdown in NPC cells promoted chemoradiotherapy resistance and reduced apoptosis. Analysis of microarray data indicated that the expression of IFN/JAK2 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response markers, such as JAK2, STAT1, IRF9, IFNB1, IRF3, p-IRF3, XBP1, ATF6, IFIT2, and ISG15, was inhibited in chemoradiotherapy-resistant cells compared with that in sensitive cells. Conversely, activation of IFN/JAK2 and ER stress response pathways in NPC cells reduced paclitaxel resistance and increased apoptosis. RIG-I promotes IFN/JAK2 and ER stress response-mediated apoptosis to inhibit chemoradiation resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jing
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Weibing Zhou
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Qian Zhang
- Teaching and Research Section of SurgeryXiangnan University Affiliated HospitalChenzhouHunanChina
| | - Wang‐Ti Xie
- Department of OncologyThe First People's Hospital of YueYangYue YangHunanChina
| | - Erdong Shen
- Department of OncologyThe First People's Hospital of YueYangYue YangHunanChina
| | - Zhi Li
- Center for Molecular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Liang‐Fang Shen
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Lun‐Quan Sun
- Center for Molecular MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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19
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Insights into autophagy machinery in cells related to skin diseases and strategies for therapeutic modulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108775. [PMID: 30889485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, literally meaning "self-eating," is a highly conserved process that is part of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Morphologically, the double membrane contains vesicles with phagocytic components known as autophagosomes. Autophagy is often used as a cellular stress response and quality control mechanisms are used to maintain cell survival. Survival is facilitated by providing energy and metabolic precursors as well as removing damaged proteins or organelles. Moreover, autophagy refers to organelles fused together with part of the cell cytoplasm with a double or multi-membrane structure called phagosome. Research has demonstrated that autophagy is an important mediator of cell fate and has effects on inflammation, pathogen clearance, and antigen presentation. In recent years, studies discussing autophagy have increased in number. Nevertheless, only a small amount of research has considered the impact of autophagy on the pathogenesis of skin diseases. The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a surface area of around two square metre; it is the first line of defense against numerous environmental insults, including ultraviolet radiation, pathogens, mechanical stresses, and toxic chemicals. Autophagy is thought to be a vital modality for endogenous defenses against environmental derangements. This review provides an overview of autophagy machinery in keratinocytes, skin fibroblasts, melanocytes related to skin diseases as well as strategies for therapeutic modulation, for the future development of treatment for skin diseases.
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20
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Varshney P, Saini N. PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation and autophagy inhibition plays a key role in increased cholesterol during IL-17A mediated inflammatory response in psoriasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1795-1803. [PMID: 29432814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the skin. Previous studies including ours have shown that IL-17A plays a major role in its pathogenesis; however, its precise molecular mechanism of action is not well understood. Cytokines like TNF α and IL-23 are also important in mediating the disease and some studies have also reported autophagy as a novel mechanism by which cytokines controls the immune response. Herein, we investigated the effect of IL-17A on autophagy and reveal crosstalk between autophagy and cholesterol signaling in keratinocytes. Our results suggest that IL-17A stimulated keratinocytes activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy by simultaneously inhibiting autophagosome formation and enhancing autophagic flux. Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression of autophagic markers (LC3 and p62), PI3K, mTOR and AKT. Induction of autophagy by mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and/or starvation also inhibited the levels of IL-17A secreted IL-8, CCL20 and S100A7 in keratinocytes. Herein, we also observed that inhibition of autophagy by IL-17A was accompanied by enhanced cellular cholesterol levels which in turn regulated the autophagic flux. To investigate crosstalk between autophagy and cellular cholesterol, we used methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), which disrupts detergent-insoluble microdomains (DIMs) by depleting cells of cholesterol and checked autophagy. Decreased expression of LC3-II in psoriatic lesional skin compared to non-lesional skin and induction of autophagy by anti-psoriatic drug methotrexate in keratinocytes further confirms the role of autophagy in psoriasis. Our findings suggest that modulators of autophagy and/or cholesterol levels may be developed, and also may lead to new therapeutic agents for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Varshney
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India.
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21
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Sessile Innate Immune Cells. DAMAGE-ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS IN HUMAN DISEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123606 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78655-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, sessile cells of the innate immune system are briefly introduced. Defined as cells equipped with diverse pattern recognition molecules capable of detecting MAMPs and DAMPs, they encompass cells such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, vascular cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. Located at the body surfaces, epithelial cells represent the first line of innate immune defense against invading microbial pathogens. They are significant contributors to innate mucosal immunity and generate various antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Also, epithelial cells critically contribute to tissue repair via the phenomenon of re-epithelialization. Fibroblasts operate as classical sentinel cells of the innate immune system dedicated to responding to MAMPs and DAMPs emitted upon any tissue injury. Typically, fibroblasts synthesize most of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues, thereby playing a crucial role in tissue repair processes. Vascular cells of the innate immune system represent an evolutionarily developed first-line defense against any inciting insult hitting the vessel walls from the luminal side including bacteria, viruses, microbial toxins, and chemical noxa such as nicotine. Upon such insults and following recognition of MAMPs and DAMPs, vascular cells react with an innate immune response to create an acute inflammatory milieu in the vessel wall aimed at curing the vascular injury concerned. Chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts represent other vital cells of the skeletal system acting as cells of the innate immune system in its wider sense. These cells mediate injury-promoted DAMP-induced inflammatory and regenerative processes specific for the skeletal systems. Finally, adipocytes are regarded as highly active cells of the innate immune system. As white, brown, and beige adipocytes, they operate as a dynamic metabolic organ that can secrete certain bioactive molecules which have endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine actions.
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22
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Chowdhari S, Sardana K, Saini N. miR-4516, a microRNA downregulated in psoriasis inhibits keratinocyte motility by targeting fibronectin/integrin α9 signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3142-3152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Vieyra-Garcia P, Wolf P. Psoralen-ultraviolet A maintenance in mycosis fungoides: the underlying question. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:336-337. [PMID: 28833012 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Vieyra-Garcia
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Abstract
The advent of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has profoundly impacted molecular biology research and medicine but has also advanced the field of skin care. Both effector molecules of RNAi, short-interfering RNA molecules and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been explored for their relative impact and utility for treating a variety of skin conditions. These post-transcriptional RNA regulatory molecules down-modulate protein expression through targeting of the 3' untranslated regions of messenger RNAs, leading to their degradation or repression through sequestration. As researchers hunt for genetic linkages to skin diseases, miRNA regulators have emerged as key players in the biology of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and other cells of the skin. Herein, we attempt to coalesce the current efforts to combat various skin disorders and diseases through the development of miRNA-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lawrence
- Biocogent, LLC, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA
| | - Joseph Ceccoli
- Biocogent, LLC, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA
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25
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Inflammation dependent mTORC1 signaling interferes with the switch from keratinocyte proliferation to differentiation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180853. [PMID: 28700632 PMCID: PMC5507280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a frequent and often severe inflammatory skin disease, characterized by altered epidermal homeostasis. Since we found previously that Akt/mTOR signaling is hyperactivated in psoriatic skin, we aimed at elucidating the role of aberrant mTORC1 signaling in this disease. We found that under healthy conditions mTOR signaling was shut off when keratinocytes switch from proliferation to terminal differentiation. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17A, TNF-α) induced aberrant mTOR activity which led to enhanced proliferation and reduced expression of differentiation markers. Conversely, regular differentiation could be restored if mTORC1 signaling was blocked. In mice, activation of mTOR through the agonist MHY1485 also led to aberrant epidermal organization and involucrin distribution. In summary, these results not only identify mTORC1 as an important signal integrator pivotal for the cells fate to either proliferate or differentiate, but emphasize the role of inflammation-dependent mTOR activation as a psoriatic pathomechanism.
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