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Wei J, Gao C, Lu C, Wang L, Dong D, Sun M. The E2F family: a ray of dawn in cardiomyopathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05063-4. [PMID: 38985251 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a group of heterogeneous diseases, characterized by abnormal structure and function of the myocardium. For many years, it has been a hot topic because of its high morbidity and mortality as well as its complicated pathogenesis. The E2Fs, a group of transcription factors found extensively in eukaryotes, play a crucial role in governing cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, meanwhile their deregulated activity can also cause a variety of diseases. Based on accumulating evidence, E2Fs play important roles in cardiomyopathies. In this review, we describe the structural and functional characteristics of the E2F family and its role in cardiomyocyte processes, with a focus on how E2Fs are associated with the onset and development of cardiomyopathies. Moreover, we discuss the great potential of E2Fs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, aiming to provide a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Wei
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Gao
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxu Lu
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110033, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Dong
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Sun
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, No.36 Jinqiansong East Road, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Gan Z, Abudurexiti A, Hu X, Chen W, Zhang N, Sang W. E2F3/5/8 serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic direction for human bladder cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e35722. [PMID: 38215110 PMCID: PMC10783276 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTS Human bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urogenital system malignancy. E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) have been reported to be involved in the growth of various cancers. However, the expression patterns, prognostic value and immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of the 8 E2Fs in BC have yet fully to be explored. METHODS AND STRATEGY We investigated the differential expression of E2Fs in BC patients, the prognostic value and correlation with immune infiltration by analyzing a range of databases. RESULTS We found that the mRNA expression levels of E2F1/2/3/4/5/7/8 were significantly higher in BC patients than that of control tissues. And the increased mRNA expression levels of all E2Fs were associated with tumor stage of BC. The survival analysis revealed that the elevated mRNA expression levels of E2F3/5/8 were significantly correlated with the overall survival (OS) of BC patients. And the genetic changes of E2Fs in BC patients were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, we revealed that the E2F3/5/8 expressions were closely correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). CONCLUSIONS E2F3/5/8 might serve as promising prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic direction for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Gan
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Alimujiang Abudurexiti
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Hu
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, P.R. China
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Fang Z, Tong X, Shi G, Chen W, Li Q. MicroRNA-31 regulates TNF-α and IL-17A co-induced-endothelial cell apoptosis by repressing E2F6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:76-82. [PMID: 37178508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (VEC) apoptosis is the fundamental cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension. MicroRNA-31 (MiR-31) is a novel target for hypertension treatment. However, the role and mechanism of miR-31 in the apoptosis of VECs remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether miR-31 plays an important role in VEC apoptosis as well as the detailed mechanisms involved. We found that pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A and TNF-α were highly expressed in serum and aorta, and the expression of miR-31 was significantly increased in aortic intimal tissue from Angiotensin II (AngII)- induced hypertensive mice (WT-AngII) compared with control mice (WT-NC). In vitro, co-stimulation of VECs with IL-17A and TNF-α resulted in increased expression of miR-31 and VEC apoptosis. MiR-31 inhibition strikingly decreased TNF-α and IL-17A co-induced VEC apoptosis. Mechanistically, in IL-17A and TNF-α co-stimulated VECs (co-induced VECs), we found that the activation of the NF-κB signal effectively increased the expression of miR-31. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that miR-31 directly targeted and inhibited the expression of the E2F transcription factor 6 (E2F6). The expression of E2F6 was decreased in Co-induced VECs. MiR-31 inhibition significantly alleviated the decreased expression of E2F6 in co-induced VECs. Consistent with the co-stimulated effect of IL-17A and TNF-α on VECs, transfection of siRNA E2F6 induced cell apoptosis without the stimulation of the above cytokines. In conclusion, TNF-α and IL-17A generated in the aortic vascular tissue and serum from Ang II-induced hypertensive mice could trigger VECs apoptosis by the miR-31/E2F6 axis. To sum up, our study suggests that the key factor between cytokine co-stimulation effect and VEC apoptosis was miR-31/E2F6 axis, which was mainly regulated by NF-қB signaling pathway. This gives us a new sight to treat hypertension-associated VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Fang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Xinran Tong
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Guangzheng Shi
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wendong Chen
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Qun Li
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
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Joseph J, Liu C, Hui Q, Aragam K, Wang Z, Charest B, Huffman JE, Keaton JM, Edwards TL, Demissie S, Djousse L, Casas JP, Gaziano JM, Cho K, Wilson PWF, Phillips LS, O’Donnell CJ, Sun YV. Genetic architecture of heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7753. [PMID: 36517512 PMCID: PMC9751124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic clinical trials for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction have been largely unsuccessful as compared to those for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Whether differences in the genetic underpinnings of these major heart failure subtypes may provide insights into the disparate outcomes of clinical trials remains unknown. We utilize a large, uniformly phenotyped, single cohort of heart failure sub-classified into heart failure with reduced and with preserved ejection fractions based on current clinical definitions, to conduct detailed genetic analyses of the two heart failure sub-types. We find different genetic architectures and distinct genetic association profiles between heart failure with reduced and with preserved ejection fraction suggesting differences in underlying pathobiology. The modest genetic discovery for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (one locus) compared to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (13 loci) despite comparable sample sizes indicates that clinically defined heart failure with preserved ejection fraction likely represents the amalgamation of several, distinct pathobiological entities. Development of consensus sub-phenotyping of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is paramount to better dissect the underlying genetic signals and contributors to this highly prevalent condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Joseph
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,Cardiology Section (111A), VA Providence Healthcare System, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908 USA
| | - Chang Liu
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Qin Hui
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.484294.7Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA USA
| | - Krishna Aragam
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.484294.7Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA USA
| | - Brian Charest
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jacob M. Keaton
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Todd L. Edwards
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Luc Djousse
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Juan P. Casas
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Peter W. F. Wilson
- grid.484294.7Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Lawrence S. Phillips
- grid.484294.7Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yan V. Sun
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.484294.7Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA USA
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Hypoxia Promotes Glioma Stem Cell Proliferation by Enhancing the 14-3-3β Expression via the PI3K Pathway. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5799776. [PMID: 35607406 PMCID: PMC9124136 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5799776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a serious fatal type of cancer with the shorter median survival period and poor quality of living. The overall 5-year survival rate remains low due to high recurrence rates. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) play the important roles in the development of gliomas. Examination of the numerous biomarkers or cancer-associated genes involved in the development or prevention of glioma may therefore serve the discovery of novel strategies to treat patients with glioma. Hypoxia induced by using CoCl2 application and 14-3-3β protein knockdown by specific small interfering RNA transfection were performed in GSCs both in vitro and in vivo to observe their role in glioma progression and metastasis occurrence by using western blot analysis and MTT assay. The results demonstrated that CoCl2 application enhanced the 14-3-3β protein expression and mRNA levels via the PI3K pathway in GSCs. Furthermore, hypoxia promoted GSC cell proliferation and activated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, which was inhibited following 14-3-3β knockdown. In addition, tumor growth in mice was enhanced by CoCl2 application but reversed following 14-3-3β knockdown, which also enhanced GSC cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that hypoxia promoted glioma growth both in vitro and in vivo by increasing the 14-3-3β expression via the PI3K signaling pathway. 14-3-3β and HIF-1α may therefore be considered as the potential therapeutic target to treat patients with glioma.
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Xu Y. TET2 expedites coronary heart disease by promoting microRNA-126 expression and inhibiting the E2F3-PI3K-AKT axis. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:698-708. [PMID: 32818384 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA demethylases of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family serve as tumor suppressors in various human cancers, but their pathogenic effects in coronary heart disease (CHD) remain unclear. Here we report that TET2 is transcriptionally upregulated in CHD patients, where it shows potential as a diagnostic tool. Mechanistic investigations revealed that TET2 facilitates inflammatory responses and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats through demethylation of microRNA-126 (miR-126) promoter. This interaction leads to sequestration of miR-126 from its target E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3), contributing to E2F3 suppression in CHD. Upregulation of miR-126 when TET2 was silenced restored levels of inflammatory factors and aggravated the degree of cardiac injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats. By contrast, simultaneous overexpression of E2F3 and miR-126 reduced the levels of inflammatory factors, cardiac injury, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats. Also, TET2 was found to regulate the activity of the PI3K-AKT pathway through the miR-126-E2F3 axis. Our findings uncover a novel function for TET2 in facilitating the progression of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, the People's Hospital of Rizhao City, Rizhao 276800, Shandong, P.R. China.,Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, the People's Hospital of Rizhao City, Rizhao 276800, Shandong, P.R. China
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Resveratrol Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury by Activating the E2F3 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6173618. [PMID: 32420356 PMCID: PMC7204347 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6173618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common metabolic disease. High glucose-induced macrovascular disease and microangiopathy are major complications of diabetes. E2F3, a member of the E2F transcription factor family, is closely related to cardiovascular diseases. Resveratrol, a nonflavonoid polyphenolic compound widely found in plants, has been shown to have cardiovascular protection. However, there are few studies on whether resveratrol can effectively treat diabetic angiopathy, and the specific mechanism involved needs further study. This study investigated whether E2F3 transcription factors are involved in the process of vascular endothelial injury induced by high glucose and observed its effects on the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. Then, it analyzed whether resveratrol can inhibit high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cell injury by regulating the E2F3 pathway. We demonstrated that the expression level of the E2F3 transcription factor was significantly inhibited in high glucose state. Resveratrol inhibited high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cell injury by upregulating the E2F3 pathway. High glucose can induce vascular endothelial injury by inhibiting E2F3 gene expression, while resveratrol can inhibit high glucose-induced vascular endothelial injury by activating the E2F3 pathway.
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Shi X, Ma D, Li M, Zeng L, Chen J, Yang Y. Nuclear receptor TLX regulates islet beta cell proliferation via E2F6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:560-566. [PMID: 30981507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with loss of functional beta cell mass, and strategies to restore beta cells are urgently needed. We reported previously that overexpression of the nuclear receptor TLX induces beta cell proliferation, but the underlying molecular mechanism has not been defined. Here, we identified direct targets of TLX in beta cells at the genome-wide level by ChIP-Seq. These targets include a cadre of regulators that are known to be critical for proliferation. Among these ChIP targets, E2F6 was tightly associated with the cell cycle modules, and thus, we further analyzed E2F6 expression and function in beta cells. We showed that E2F6 is strongly downregulated by TLX, and its expression inhibits beta cell proliferation. Moreover, coexpression of E2F6 with TLX partially abrogated the proliferative effects of TLX. These results strongly suggest that TLX acts through E2F6 to regulate beta cell proliferation. Together, the results of this study reveal a direct interaction between TLX and E2F6 and suggest new targets for the expansion of functional beta cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Delin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Mengni Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Liwen Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Taikang Tongji(Wuhan) Hospital, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Taikang Tongji(Wuhan) Hospital, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
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Zhou Q, Zhang F, He Z, Zuo MZ. E2F2/5/8 Serve as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers and Targets for Human Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:161. [PMID: 30967995 PMCID: PMC6439355 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
E2Fs are a family of pivotal transcription factors. Accumulative evidence indicates that aberrant expression or activation of E2Fs is a common phenomenon in malignances, and significant associations have been noted between E2Fs and tumorigenesis or progression in a wide range of cancers. However, the expression patterns and exact roles of each E2F contributing to tumorigenesis and progression of ovarian cancer (OC) have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the distinct expression and prognostic value of E2Fs in patients with OC by analyzing a series of databases, including ONCOMINE, GEPIA, cBioPortal, Metascape, and Kaplan–Meier plotter. The mRNA expression levels of E2F1/3/5/8 were found to be significantly upregulated in patients with OC and were obviously associated with tumor stage for OC. Aberrant expression of E2F2/5/7/8 was found to be associated with the clinical outcomes of patients with OC. These results suggest that E2F2/5/8 might serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and targets for OC. However, future studies are required to validate our findings and promote the clinical utility of E2Fs in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Ze He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Man-Zhen Zuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
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