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Cavalu S, Saber S, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, Elmorsy EA, Youssef ME. Orexins in apoptosis: a dual regulatory role. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1336145. [PMID: 38699177 PMCID: PMC11064656 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1336145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The orexins, also referred to as hypocretins, are neuropeptides that originate from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) region of the brain. They are composed of two small peptides, orexin-A, and orexin-B, which are broadly distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Orexins are recognized to regulate diverse functions, involving energy homeostasis, the sleep-wake cycle, stress responses, and reward-seeking behaviors. Additionally, it is suggested that orexin-A deficiency is linked to sleepiness and narcolepsy. The orexins bind to their respective receptors, the orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R), and activate different signaling pathways, which results in the mediation of various physiological functions. Orexin receptors are widely expressed in different parts of the body, including the skin, muscles, lungs, and bone marrow. The expression levels of orexins and their receptors play a crucial role in apoptosis, which makes them a potential target for clinical treatment of various disorders. This article delves into the significance of orexins and orexin receptors in the process of apoptosis, highlighting their expression levels and their potential contributions to different diseases. The article offers an overview of the existing understanding of the orexin/receptor system and how it influences the regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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Kang J, Ren B, Huang L, Dong X, Xiong Q, Feng Z. Orexin-A alleviates ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in traumatic brain injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3404-3419. [PMID: 38349868 PMCID: PMC10929813 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has high disability and mortality rate. Oxidative stress and ferroptosis are important pathophysiological characteristics after TBI. Orexin-A (OXA) can alleviate neuronal damage in diverse neurological disorders. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of OXA in TBI stay unknown. OBJECTIVES The research investigated protection influence of OXA on TBI and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly grouped into: sham, TBI, TBI + normal saline (NS) and TBI+OXA groups. TBI model was constructed in rat via modified Feeney's approach, and OXA treatment was administered following construction of TBI model. RESULTS Relative to TBI+NS group, TBI+OXA group displayed greatly recovered tissue damage and neurological deficits. Additionally, OXA eased oxidative stress as well as ferroptosis in cerebral cortex of rats following TBI. Furthermore, OXA increased Nrf2 expression and regulating factors HO-1 and NQO1 in cerebral cortex of TBI rats. CONCLUSIONS Our research found OXA may restrain ferroptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway activation, thereby reducing brain injury after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Bingkai Ren
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Lianghua Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
- First Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiaoyang Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
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Protective Effects of Orexin A in a Murine Model of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237196. [PMID: 36498769 PMCID: PMC9740499 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of various cancers, but its application is often limited due to complications such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides that modulate the sleep-wake cycle, neuroendocrine function, and the autonomic nervous system. Emerging evidence suggests that orexin A (OXA) has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in animal models of neuroinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. However, the effect of OXA on kidney diseases has not been examined. Here, we investigated whether OXA has a protective effect in a murine model of cisplatin-induced AKI. Intraperitoneal administration of OXA ameliorated renal dysfunction, and histological abnormalities in mice injected with cisplatin. OXA inhibited cisplatin-induced oxidative stress through the modulation of prooxidant and antioxidant enzymes. This peptide reduced apoptotic cell death by inhibiting the p53-mediated pathway in mice injected with cisplatin. OXA also alleviated cisplatin-induced cytokine production and macrophage infiltration into injured kidneys. Taken together, these results showed that OXA ameliorates cisplatin-induced AKI via antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory actions. This peptide could be a potential therapeutic agent for cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Sharifyrad M, Gohari S, Fathi M, Danafar H, Hosseini MJ, Mostafavi H, Manjili HK. The efficacy and neuroprotective effects of edaravone-loaded mPEG-b-PLGA polymeric nanoparticles on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line as in vitro model of ischemia. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Xu D, Kong T, Shao Z, Liu M, Zhang R, Zhang S, Kong Q, Chen J, Cheng B, Wang C. Orexin-A alleviates astrocytic apoptosis and inflammation via inhibiting OX1R-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166230. [PMID: 34358627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Orexin-A (OXA) is a neuropeptide with neuroprotective effect by reducing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Inflammation and apoptosis mediated by astrocyte activation are the key pathological mechanisms for CIRI. We thus attempted to confirm neuroprotective effects of OXA on astrocytic inflammation and apoptosis in CIRI and clarify the relative mechanisms. A middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model and U251 glioma cells model subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) were established, with or without OXA treatment. Neurological deficit score was determined, and cerebral infarct volume was evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Western Blot was used to detect the expressions of NF-κB p65, p-p65, p-ERK, p-p38, GFAP, OX1R, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, Bcl-2, Bax, CytC, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 in vivo and in vitro. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in cell supernatant IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. Hoechst 33342 staining was used to detect the apoptosis of astrocyte. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to assess the nuclear translocation of p65 and the expression of GFAP. The results showed that OXA significantly improved neurological deficit score and decreased the volume of infarct area in brain. OXA decreased inflammatory mediators, inhibited astrocyte activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of NF-κB, MAPK/ERK and MAPK/p38. Besides, OXA suppressed apoptosis via upregulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and downregulating cytochrome C, cleaved-caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3. Overall, it was concluded that OXA exerts neuroprotective effect during CIRI through attenuating astrocytes apoptosis, astrocytes activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, by Inhibiting OX1R-mediated NF-κB, MAPK/ERK and MAPK/p38 signaling pathways. The progress in our study is helpful to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of OXA neuroprotection, which could lead to the development of new treatment strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | | | - Ziqi Shao
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Basic Medical Sciences, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Rumin Zhang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Qingxia Kong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Baohua Cheng
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China.
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China.
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Zhu J, Tang S, Zhao D, Zeng Z, Mo H, Hu K. Orexin A improves the cognitive impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 173:203-210. [PMID: 34051297 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The orexin neuron in lateral hypothalamus (LH) was involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycle. However, the effect of orexin A (OXA) on cognitive impairment resulting from diverse diseases remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the effect of OXA on cognitive impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) in mice. Adult (10 weeks old) male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: normoxia control (NC)+normal saline (NS), NC + OXA, CIH + NS and CIH + OXA group. Following the CIH mice models establishment, OXA was injected into the right lateral ventricles of mice by a micro-injection system. Water maze test was used to assess spatial memory abilities of the mice. The expression of OXA and c-Fos in LH were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress in hippocampus were evaluated using multiple methods including TUNEL, western blot and biochemical analysis. Behavioral tests revealed that CIH significantly increased the escape latency and time of arriving platform, of which were markedly decreased by OXA treatment. Similarly, the CIH + NS group was worse than NC + NS group in terms of the number of platform crossing and time in the target quadrant, of which were also significantly improved by OXA treatment. The number of OXA + neuron in LH was decreased, but the percentage of c-Fos+/OXA + neuron in LH was remarkably increased by CIH. Furthermore, we found that micro-injection of OXA attenuated CIH-induced apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Our results suggested that OXA might improve cognitive impairment induced by CIH through inhibiting hippocampal apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Si Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaofu Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huaheng Mo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Xu D, Kong T, Cheng B, Zhang R, Yang C, Chen J, Wang C. Orexin-A alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:266. [PMID: 33576468 PMCID: PMC7893697 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin‑A (OXA) protects neurons against cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury (CIRI). Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induces apoptosis after CIRI by activating caspase‑12 and the CHOP pathway. The present study aimed to determine whether OXA mitigates CIRI by inhibiting ERS‑induced neuronal apoptosis. A model of CIRI was established, in which rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion with ischemic intervention for 2 h, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Neurological deficit examination and 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were performed to assess the level of CIRI and neuroprotection by OXA. Expression levels of ERS‑related proteins and cleaved caspase‑3 were measured via western blotting, while the rate of neuronal apoptosis in the cortex was determined using a TUNEL assay. OXA treatment decreased the infarct volume of rats after CIRI and attenuated neuron apoptosis. Furthermore, administration of OXA decreased the expression levels of GRP78, phosphorylated (p)‑PERK, p‑eukaryotic initiation factor‑2α, p‑inositol requiring enzyme 1α, p‑JNK, cleaved caspase‑12, CHOP and cleaved caspase‑3, all of which were induced by CIRI. Collectively, these findings suggested that OXA attenuated CIRI by inhibiting ERS‑mediated apoptosis, thus clarifying the mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effect and providing a novel therapeutic direction for the treatment of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Kong
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Baohua Cheng
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Rumin Zhang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
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Guo MM, Qu SB, Lu HL, Wang WB, He ML, Su JL, Chen J, Wang Y. Biochanin A Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis and p38MAPK Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:646720. [PMID: 34322090 PMCID: PMC8312488 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.646720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that biochanin A exhibits neuroprotective properties in the context of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mechanistic basis for such properties, however, remains poorly understood. This study was therefore designed to explore the manner whereby biochanin A controls endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and inflammation within fetal rat primary cortical neurons in response to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury, and in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury. For the OGD/R in vitro model system, cells were evaluated after a 2 h OGD following a 24 h reoxygenation period, whereas in vivo neurological deficits were evaluated following 2 h of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. The expression of proteins associated with apoptosis, ER stress (ERS), and p38 MAPK phosphorylation was evaluated in these samples. Rats treated with biochanin A exhibited reduced neurological deficits relative to control rats following MCAO/R injury. Additionally, GRP78 and CHOP levels rose following I/R modeling both in vitro and in vivo, whereas biochanin A treatment was associated with reductions in CHOP levels but further increases in GRP78 levels. In addition, OGD/R or MCAO/R were associated with markedly enhanced p38 MAPK phosphorylation that was alleviated by biochanin A treatment. Similarly, OGD/R or MCAO/R injury resulted in increases in caspase-3, caspase-12, and Bax levels as well as decreases in Bcl-2 levels, whereas biochanin A treatment was sufficient to reverse these phenotypes. Together, these findings thus demonstrate that biochanin A can alleviate cerebral I/R-induced damage at least in part via suppressing apoptosis, ER stress, and p38 MAPK signaling, thereby serving as a potent neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-biao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Hui-ling Lu
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wen-bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Mu-Liang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hezhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hezhou, China
| | - Jian-Lin Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guilin People’s Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Chen, ; Yong Wang,
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Chen, ; Yong Wang,
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Orexin-A protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy through OX1R-mediated MAPK/ERK/mTOR pathway. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109839. [PMID: 33212156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Orexin A (OXA) is a neuroprotective peptide that exerts protective effects on multiple physiological and pathological processes. Activation of autophagy is linked to the occurrence of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI); however, its function remains incompletely understood. In this study, OXA was sought to exert its neuroprotective role by regulating autophagy in oxygen and glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Acridine orange (AO) staining was used to evaluate autophagic vacuoles. Cell viability was measured by CCK8. The levels of p-ERK1/2, t-ERK1/2, p-mTOR, LC3B, Beclin 1, and p62 were evaluated by western blotting. Apoptosis rate was detected by Hoechst 33342 staining and Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). OXA treatment alleviated neuronal apoptosis and significantly inhibited autophagy activity. Mechanistically, OXA exerted its neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro by suppressing over-activated autophagy by modulating OX1R-mediated MAPK/ERK/mTOR pathway. The results of this study elucidate the roles of autophagy in CIRI and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective action of OXA. Our findings could facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for ischemic stroke.
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Cai Y, Li X, Pan Z, Zhu Y, Tuo J, Meng Q, Dai G, Yang G, Pan Y. Anthocyanin ameliorates hypoxia and ischemia induced inflammation and apoptosis by increasing autophagic flux in SH-SY5Y cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Role of 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol and CB1 Receptors in Orexin-A-Mediated Prevention of Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Neuronal Injury. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061507. [PMID: 32575773 PMCID: PMC7349736 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin-A (OX-A) protects the brain against oxidative stress-mediated ischemic injury. Since the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors were previously shown to mediate some of the effects of OX-A exerted through the orexin-1 receptor (OX-1R), we investigated the involvement of 2-AG in OX-A-induced neuroprotection following oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse cortical neurons. OGD-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and neuronal death were prevented by both OX-A and arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a synthetic CB1 receptor agonist, in a manner sensitive to OX-1R and CB1 receptor antagonists, SB334867 and AM251. OX-A stimulated 2-AG biosynthesis in cortical neurons. In neurons isolated from monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL, a 2-AG hydrolyzing enzyme) null mice, 10-fold higher 2-AG concentrations were found and OGD failed to induce ROS production and cell death, whereas AM251 restored these noxious effects. OX-A-induced neuroprotection was mediated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) survival pathway since both OX-A and ACEA induced phosphorylation of Akt and prevented OGD-induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, in a manner counteracted by SB334867 or AM251. Administration of OX-A reduced infarct volume and elevated brain 2-AG levels in a mouse model of transient ischemia. These results suggest that 2-AG and CB1 receptor mediate OX-A prevention of ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis.
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Hu W, Wang H, Shu Q, Chen M, Xie L. Green Tea Polyphenols Modulated Cerebral SOD Expression and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiac Arrest/Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5080832. [PMID: 32185207 PMCID: PMC7060848 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5080832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is crucial for improving survival and neurologic outcomes after cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). The purpose of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effects of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) concern with the modulation of endogenous antioxidation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. METHODS After subjecting to CA/CPR, rats were randomized into the saline group (NS, n = 40) and the GTPs group (GTPs, n = 40) and the GTPs group (GTPs, n = 40) and the GTPs group (GTPs. RESULTS Comparing with that in NS group, GTPs increased the expression of SOD1 and SOD2 at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and the expression of GRP78 at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.05) butdecreased caspase-12, CHOP, caspase-3 level, and apoptotic number of neurons (p < 0.05) butdecreased caspase-12, CHOP, caspase-3 level, and apoptotic number of neurons (. CONCLUSION GTPs exert neuroprotective effects via mechanisms that may be related to the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant capacity and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress in CA/CPR rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiang Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Qilu Medical University, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Quan Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Menghua Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Physiology, School of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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