1
|
Luo XX, Li SZ, Wang L, Luo AL, Qiu H, Yuan XL. Prognostic role of MUCIN family and its relationship with immune characteristics and tumor biology in diffuse-type gastric cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31403. [PMID: 38803848 PMCID: PMC11129101 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The main component of O-glycoproteins, mucin, is known to play important roles in physiological conditions and oncogenic processes, particularly correlated with poor prognosis in different carcinomas. Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) has long been associated with genomic stability and unfavorable clinical outcomes. To investigate further, we obtained clinical information and the RNA-seq data of the TCGA-STAD cohort. Through the use of unsupervised clustering methods and GSEA, we identified two distinct clusters, characterized by higher and lower expression of MUC2 and MUC20, denoted as cluster 1 and cluster 2, respectively. Subsequently, employing CIBERSORT, it was determined that cluster 2 exhibited a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and a greater abundance of CD8+ T cells and activated CD4+ memory T cells, in addition to immune checkpoints (ICPs). On the other hand, cluster 1 showed a lower TIDE score estimation, indicating a higher probability of tumor immune escape. Furthermore, overexpression of MUC15 and MUC20 was confirmed through qPCR and Western blotting, and their specific roles in mediating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of GC cells (SNU484 and Hs746t) were validated via CCK-8 assay and wound healing assay in vitro. These findings highlight the potential prognostic value of MUC20 and offer insights into the prospects of immunotherapy for DGC by targeting MUC20.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 30030, China
| | - Shi-Zhen Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 30030, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 30030, China
| | - Ai-Lin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 30030, China
| | - Xiang-Lin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 30030, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Couse AD, Cox-Vazquez SJ, Ghatak S, Trinidad JC, Clemmer DE. Delineating Bovine Milk Derived Microvesicles from Exosomes Using Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38805445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In the work presented herein, a simple serial-pelleting purification strategy combined with a mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis was developed as a means of discerning differences in extracellular vesicle (EV) populations found in bovine milk samples. A sequence of ultracentrifugation speeds was used to generate changes in the abundances of EV populations, allowing for the identification of associated proteins. A metric was developed to determine the relative abundances of proteins in large EVs (>200 nm) and small EVs (<200 nm). Of the 476 proteins consistently found in this study, 340 are associated with vesicular components. Of these, 156 were heavily enriched in large EVs, 155 shared between large and small EVs, and 29 heavily enriched in small EVs. Additionally, out of 68 proteins annotated as exosome proteins, 32 were enriched in large EVs, 27 shared between large and small EVs, 5 enriched in small EVs, and 7 were found to be nonvesicular contaminant proteins. The top correlated proteins in the small EV group were predominantly membrane-bound proteins, whereas the top correlated proteins in the large EV group were mostly cytosolic enzymes for molecular processing. This method provides a means of assessing the origins of vesicle components and provides new potential marker proteins within discrete vesicle populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Couse
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sarah J Cox-Vazquez
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Subhadip Ghatak
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Jonathan C Trinidad
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balraj AS, Muthamilselvan S, Raja R, Palaniappan A. PRADclass: Hybrid Gleason Grade-Informed Computational Strategy Identifies Consensus Biomarker Features Predictive of Aggressive Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338231222389. [PMID: 38226611 PMCID: PMC10793196 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231222389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a common cancer diagnosis among men globally, yet large gaps in our knowledge persist with respect to the molecular bases of its progression and aggression. It is mostly indolent and slow-growing, but aggressive prostate cancers need to be recognized early for optimising treatment, with a view to reducing mortality. METHODS Based on TCGA transcriptomic data pertaining to PRAD and the associated clinical metadata, we determined the sample Gleason grade, and used it to execute: (i) Gleason-grade wise linear modeling, followed by five contrasts against controls and ten contrasts between grades; and (ii) Gleason-grade wise network modeling via weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Candidate biomarkers were obtained from the above analysis and the consensus found. The consensus biomarkers were used as the feature space to train ML models for classifying a sample as benign, indolent or aggressive. RESULTS The statistical modeling yielded 77 Gleason grade-salient genes while the WGCNA algorithm yielded 1003 trait-specific key genes in grade-wise significant modules. Consensus analysis of the two approaches identified two genes in Grade-1 (SLC43A1 and PHGR1), 26 genes in Grade-4 (including LOC100128675, PPP1R3C, NECAB1, UBXN10, SERPINA5, CLU, RASL12, DGKG, FHL1, NCAM1, and CEND1), and seven genes in Grade-5 (CBX2, DPYS, FAM72B, SHCBP1, TMEM132A, TPX2, UBE2C). A RandomForest model trained and optimized on these 35 biomarkers for the ternary classification problem yielded a balanced accuracy ∼ 86% on external validation. CONCLUSIONS The consensus of multiple parallel computational strategies has unmasked candidate Gleason grade-specific biomarkers. PRADclass, a validated AI model featurizing these biomarkers achieved good performance, and could be trialed to predict the differentiation of prostate cancers. PRADclass is available for academic use at: https://apalania.shinyapps.io/pradclass (online) and https://github.com/apalania/pradclass (command-line interface).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Stanley Balraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sangeetha Muthamilselvan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Rachanaa Raja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, UCE, Anna University (BIT campus), Trichy, India
| | - Ashok Palaniappan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He P, Dai Q, Wu X. New insight in urological cancer therapy: From epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to application of nano-biomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115672. [PMID: 36906272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A high number of cancer-related deaths (up to 90) are due to metastasis and simple definition of metastasis is new colony formation of tumor cells in a secondary site. In tumor cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulates metastasis and invasion, and it is a common characteristic of malignant tumors. Prostate cancer, bladder cancer and renal cancer are three main types of urological tumors that their malignant and aggressive behaviors are due to abnormal proliferation and metastasis. EMT has been well-documented as a mechanism for promoting invasion of tumor cells and in the current review, a special attention is directed towards understanding role of EMT in malignancy, metastasis and therapy response of urological cancers. The invasion and metastatic characteristics of urological tumors enhance due to EMT induction and this is essential for ensuring survival and ability in developing new colonies in neighboring and distant tissues and organs. When EMT induction occurs, malignant behavior of tumor cells enhances and their tend in developing therapy resistance especially chemoresistance promotes that is one of the underlying reasons for therapy failure and patient death. The lncRNAs, microRNAs, eIF5A2, Notch-4 and hypoxia are among common modulators of EMT mechanism in urological tumors. Moreover, anti-tumor compounds such as metformin can be utilized in suppressing malignancy of urological tumors. Besides, genes and epigenetic factors modulating EMT mechanism can be therapeutically targeted for interfering malignancy of urological tumors. Nanomaterials are new emerging agents in urological cancer therapy that they can improve potential of current therapeutics by their targeted delivery to tumor site. The important hallmarks of urological cancers including growth, invasion and angiogenesis can be suppressed by cargo-loaded nanomaterials. Moreover, nanomaterials can improve chemotherapy potential in urological cancer elimination and by providing phototherapy, they mediate synergistic tumor suppression. The clinical application depends on development of biocompatible nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qiang Dai
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Urology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shao Y, Li H, Wu Y, Wang X, Meng J, Hu Z, Xia L, Cao S, Tian W, Zhang Y, Feng X, Zhang X, Li Y, Yang G. The feedback loop of AURKA/DDX5/TMEM147-AS1/let-7 drives lipophagy to induce cisplatin resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216241. [PMID: 37217070 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-taxane chemotherapy is the first-line standard-of-care treatment administered to patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and faces the major challenge of cisplatin resistance. Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) is a serine/threonine kinase, acting as an oncogene by participating in microtubule formation and stabilization. In this study, we demonstrate that AURKA binds with DDX5 directly to form a transcriptional coactivator complex to induce the transcription and upregulation of an oncogenic long non-coding RNA, TMEM147-AS1, which sponges hsa-let-7b/7c-5p leading to the increasing expression of AURKA as a feedback loop. The feedback loop maintains EOC cisplatin resistance via activation of lipophagy. These findings underscore the feedback loop of AURKA/DDX5/TMEM147-AS1/let-7 provides mechanistic insights into the combined use of TMEM147-AS1 siRNA and VX-680, which can help improve EOC cisplatin treatment. Our mathematical model shows that the feedback loop has the potential to act as a biological switch to maintain on- (activated) or off- (deactivated) status, implying the possible resistance of single use of VX-680 or TMEM147-AS1 siRNA. The combined use reduces both the protein level of AURKA using TMEM147-AS1 siRNA and its kinase activity using VX-680, showing more significant effect than the use of TMEM147-AS1 siRNA or VX-680 alone, which provides a potential strategy for EOC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shao
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Li
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - XianYi Wang
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - ZhiXiang Hu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - LingFang Xia
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - SiYu Cao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - WenJuan Tian
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - YunKui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - XiaoFan Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - YanLi Li
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arjsri P, Mapoung S, Semmarath W, Srisawad K, Tuntiwechapikul W, Yodkeeree S, Dejkriengkraikul P. Pyrogallol from Spirogyra neglecta Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells via Modulating Akt/GSK-3 β/ β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076452. [PMID: 37047425 PMCID: PMC10094533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced form of prostate cancer associated with poor survival rates. The high proliferation and metastasis rates have made CRPC one of the most challenging types of cancer for medical practitioners and researchers. In this study, the anti-cancer properties and inhibition of CRPC progression by S. neglecta extract and its active constituents were determined using two CRPC cell lines, DU145 and PC3. The ethyl acetate fraction of S. neglecta (SnEA) was obtained using a solvent-partitioned extraction technique. The active constituents of SnEA were then determined using the HPLC technique, which showed that SnEA mainly contained syringic acid, pyrogallol, and p-coumaric acid phenolic compounds. After the determination of cytotoxic properties using the SRB assay, it was found that pyrogallol, but not the other two major compounds of SnEA, displayed promising anti-cancer properties in both CRPC cell lines. SnEA and pyrogallol were then further investigated for their anti-proliferation and apoptotic induction properties using propidium iodide and Annexin V staining. The results showed that SnEA and pyrogallol inhibited both DU145 and PC3 cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and significantly decreased the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK-2, and CDK-4, p < 0.001). SnEA and pyrogallol treatments also promoted apoptosis in both types of CRPC cells through significantly downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins (survivin, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl, p < 0.001) and upregulating apoptotic proteins (cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP-1, p < 0.001). Mechanistic study demonstrated that SnEA and pyrogallol inactivated the Akt signaling pathway leading to enhancement of the active form of GSK-3β in CRPC cell lines. Therefore, the phosphorylation of β-catenin was increased, which caused degradation of the protein, resulting in a downregulation of β-catenin (unphosphorylated form) transcriptional factor activity. The current results reflect the potential impact of S. neglecta extract and pyrogallol on the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punnida Arjsri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sariya Mapoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Warathit Semmarath
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Srisawad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wirote Tuntiwechapikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Anticarcinogenesis and Apoptosis Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang R, Meng Z, Wu X, Zhang M, Piao Z, Jin T. PD‐L1
/
p‐STAT3
promotes the progression of
NSCLC
cells by regulating
TAM
polarization. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5872-5886. [DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center Yanbian University Medical College Yanji China
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province Yanji China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center Yanbian University Medical College Yanji China
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province Yanji China
| | - Xuwei Wu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center Yanbian University Medical College Yanji China
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province Yanji China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Department of Health Examination Centre Yanbian University Hospital Yanji China
| | - Zhengri Piao
- Department of radiology Yanbian University Hospital Yanji China
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center Yanbian University Medical College Yanji China
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province Yanji China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cancer associated fibroblasts secreted exosomal miR-1290 contributes to prostate cancer cell growth and metastasis via targeting GSK3β. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:371. [PMID: 35999213 PMCID: PMC9399109 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play crucial roles in mediating tumor growth and metastasis via transferring exosomes to neighboring cells, whereas the mechanisms by which CAFs regulate the tumorgenesis of prostate cancer (PC) remain largely unknown. In this study, CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were isolated from PC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. Exosomes (NFs-Exo and CAFs-Exo) were then isolated from the supernatant of NFs and CAFs. Next, the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between NFs-Exo and CAFs-Exo were identified using RNA-sequencing. Cell viability, migration and invasion were detected with CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Protein expression was measured with western blot. We found that CAFs-Exo remarkably enhanced PC cell migration, invasion, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. Significantly, miR-1290 level was upregulated in CAFs-Exo compared to NFs-Exo. In addition, CAFs could transfer exosomes to PC cells, resulting in a marked increase of miR-1290 level in cells. Moreover, exosomal miR-1290 could inhibit GSK3β/β-catenin signaling by binding with the downstream target GSK3β mRNA. Meanwhile, miR-1290 antagomir notably reversed the effects of CAFs-Exo on PC cells through activating GSK3β/β-catenin signaling. Collectively, exosomal miR-1290 from CAFs could promote PC cell growth and metastasis via inhibiting GSK3β/β-catenin signaling, suggesting that miR-1290 may serve as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Giridharan M, Rupani V, Banerjee S. Signaling Pathways and Targeted Therapies for Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:193-206. [PMID: 35434534 PMCID: PMC9003388 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers among men, and the current statistics show that it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. Over the years, research in PCa treatment and therapies has made many advances. Despite these efforts, the standardized therapies such as radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgery are not considered completely effective in treating advanced and metastatic PCa. In most situations, fast-dividing tumor cells are targeted, leaving behind relatively slowly dividing, chemoresistant cells known as cancer stem cells. Therefore, following the seemingly successful treatments, the lingering quiescent cancer stem cells are able to renew themselves, undergo differentiation into mature tumor cells, and sufficiently reinitiate the disease, leading to cancer relapse. Thus, prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) have been reported to play a vital role in controlling the dynamics of tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to therapies in PCa. However, the complete knowledge on the mechanisms regulating the stemness of PCSCs is still unclear. Thus, studying the stemness of PCSCs will allow for the development of more effective cancer therapies due to the durable response, resulting in a reduction in recurrences of cancer. In this Review, we will specifically describe the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating the stemness of PCSCs. Furthermore, current developments in stem cell-specific therapeutic approaches along with future prospects will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuvanthi Giridharan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasu Rupani
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mucinous metaplasia in Pten conditional knockout mice and mucin family genes as prognostic markers for prostate cancer. Life Sci 2022; 293:120264. [PMID: 35031262 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the association of mucinous metaplasia (MM) with tumor cell proliferation, androgen receptor (AR) expression and invasiveness in Pten conditional knockout mice and the prognostic value of MM markers for patients with PCa. MAIN METHODS Prostatic lobes samples from genetic engineered mouse model Ptenf/f and Pb-Cre4/Ptenf/f were submitted for histopathological analysis and tissue expression of AR, the proliferation marker Ki67, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and laminin. RNAseq data of prostatic lobes samples were analyzed searching for MM gene expression patterns. We also investigated gene and protein expression related to MM in human PCa public databases. KEY FINDINGS All knockout animals analyzed showed at least one area of stroma-invading MM, which was absent in the control animals. The tumoral regions of MM showed a proliferative index 5 times higher than other tumoral areas and low expression of the AR (less than 20% of the cells were AR-positive). Disrupted basement membrane areas were observed in MM. The mouse and human PCa transcriptomes exhibited increased expression of the MM markers such as MUC1, MUC19, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and TFF3. Gene expression profile was associated with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and with a lower probability of freedom from biochemical recurrence. SIGNIFICANCE The expression of goblet cell genes, such as MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and TFF3 have significant prognostic value for PCa patients and represent another class of potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|