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Tang L, Qiu H, Xu B, Su Y, Nyarige V, Li P, Chen H, Killham B, Liao J, Adam H, Yang A, Yu A, Jang M, Rubart M, Xie J, Zhu W. Microparticle Mediated Delivery of Apelin Improves Heart Function in Post Myocardial Infarction Mice. Circ Res 2024; 135:777-798. [PMID: 39145385 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin is an endogenous prepropeptide that regulates cardiac homeostasis and various physiological processes. Intravenous injection has been shown to improve cardiac contractility in patients with heart failure. However, its short half-life prevents studying its impact on left ventricular remodeling in the long term. Here, we aim to study whether microparticle-mediated slow release of apelin improves heart function and left ventricular remodeling in mice with myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS A cardiac patch was fabricated by embedding apelin-containing microparticles in a fibrin gel scaffold. MI was induced via permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in adult C57BL/6J mice followed by epicardial patch placement immediately after (acute MI) or 28 days (chronic MI) post-MI. Four groups were included in this study, namely sham, MI, MI plus empty microparticle-embedded patch treatment, and MI plus apelin-containing microparticle-embedded patch treatment. Cardiac function was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. Cardiomyocyte morphology, apoptosis, and cardiac fibrosis were evaluated by histology. Cardioprotective pathways were determined by RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. RESULTS The level of endogenous apelin was largely reduced in the first 7 days after MI induction and it was normalized by day 28. Apelin-13 encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles displayed a sustained release pattern for up to 28 days. Treatment with apelin-containing microparticle-embedded patch inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and reduced scar size in both acute and chronic MI models, which is associated with improved cardiac function. Data from cellular and molecular analyses showed that apelin inhibits the activation and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts by preventing transforming growth factor-β-mediated activation of Smad2/3 (supporessor of mothers against decapentaplegic 2/3) and downstream profibrotic gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles prolonged the apelin release time in the mouse hearts. Epicardial delivery of the apelin-containing microparticle-embedded patch protects mice from both acute and chronic MI-induced cardiac dysfunction, inhibits cardiac fibrosis, and improves left ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Huiliang Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Y.S., J.X.)
| | - Verah Nyarige
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Pengsheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Houjia Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington (H.C., B.K., J.L.)
| | - Brady Killham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington (H.C., B.K., J.L.)
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington (H.C., B.K., J.L.)
| | - Henderson Adam
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Aaron Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Alexander Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Michelle Jang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Michael Rubart
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.R.)
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Y.S., J.X.)
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
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Cao K, Zhu Y, Kuai Y, Chen B, Zhao Q, Yu W. Macrophage MKL1 contributes to cardiac fibrosis in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Life Sci 2024; 356:123036. [PMID: 39222836 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by aberrant collagen deposition in the heart. Macrophage polarization or infiltration is the main reason to accelerate the collagen deposition. We attempted to investigate the involvement of MKL1 in macrophages during the development of cardiac fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cardiac fibrosis is induced by myocardial infarction (MI). The MKL1f/f mice were crossed to the Lyz2-cre mice to generate macrophage conditional MKL1 knockout mice (MKL1ΔMφ). In addition, macrophage conditional MKL1 overexpression mice (MKL1Mϕ-OE) were constructed by crossing Lyz2-cre mice to MKL1ΔN200-Rosa26 mice. KEY FINDINGS MKL1 expression was significantly increased in macrophages of both ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients and mice induced to develop myocardial infarction. Deletion of MKL1 in macrophages improved the heart function after MI-induced cardiac fibrosis. Consistently, MKL1Mϕ-OE mice displayed more severe cardiac fibrosis and worsened heart function than the control mice after MI. Moreover, administration of a small-molecule MKL1 inhibitor CCG-1423 also decreased the collagen deposition after MI. SIGNIFICANCE Our data demonstrate that MKL1 in macrophages contributes to cardiac fibrosis pathogenesis and reinforce the notion that targeting MKL1 may yield effective antifibrotic therapeutics in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yameng Kuai
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qianwen Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Hosseiny SS, Esmaeili Z, Neshati Z. Assessment of ursolic acid effect on in vitro model of cardiac fibrosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 101:105924. [PMID: 39218321 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on Angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (rCFs) as an in vitro model of cardiac fibrosis. The rCFs were isolated from two-day-old neonatal rats. An in vitro model of cardiac fibrosis was established using 500 nm Ang II treatment for 48 h. The cells were then treated with 5 and 10 μM of UA for 24 and 48 h. Masson's trichrome staining, hydroxyproline content assay, scratch assay, apoptosis assay, measurements of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, real-time PCR, immunocytology and western blotting, were employed to assess the impact of UA. Ang II induced fibrosis in rCFs, as evidenced by the examination of various fibrotic markers. Upon treatment with 5 and 10 μM of UA, the amount of fibrosis in Ang II-treated rCFs was significantly decreased, so that the hydroxyproline concentration was reduced to 0.3 and 0.7 times, respectively. The RNA expression of the Col1a1, Col3a1, Tgfb1, Acta2 and Mmp2 genes had a decrease as well as Nrf2 and HO-1 had an increase after UA treatment. UA could lessen the harmful effects of cardiac fibrosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, due to its antiapoptotic, antioxidant and cardioprotective properties. This suggests the potential of UA for treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Sadat Hosseiny
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Neshati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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He S, Yan L, Yuan C, Li W, Wu T, Chen S, Li N, Wu M, Jiang J. The role of cardiomyocyte senescence in cardiovascular diseases: A molecular biology update. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 983:176961. [PMID: 39209099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and advanced age is a main contributor to the prevalence of CVD. Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest that occurs in old age or after cells encounter various stresses. Senescent cells not only result in the reduction of cellular function, but also produce senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) to affect surrounding cells and tissue microenvironment. There is increasing evidence that the gradual accumulation of senescent cardiomyocytes is causally involved in the decline of cardiovascular system function. To highlight the role of senescent cardiomyocytes in the pathophysiology of age-related CVD, we first introduced that senescent cardiomyoyctes can be identified by structural changes and several senescence-associated biomarkers. We subsequently provided a comprehensive summary of existing knowledge, outlining the compelling evidence on the relationship between senescent cardiomyocytes and age-related CVD phenotypes. In addition, we discussed that the significant therapeutic potential represented by the prevention of accelerated senescent cardiomyocytes, and the current status of some existing geroprotectors in the prevention and treatment of age-related CVD. Together, the review summarized the role of cardiomyocyte senescence in CVD, and explored the molecular knowledge of senescent cardiomyocytes and their potential clinical significance in developing senescent-based therapies, thereby providing important insights into their biology and potential therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi He
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Suya Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Niansheng Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Meiting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Junlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Shi L, Deng J, He J, Zhu F, Jin Y, Zhang X, Ren Y, Du X. Integrative transcriptomics and proteomics analysis reveal the protection of Astragaloside IV against myocardial fibrosis by regulating senescence. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176632. [PMID: 38718959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a pivotal pathological process implicated in various cardiovascular diseases, particularly heart failure. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a natural compound derived from Astragalus membranaceus, possesses potent cardioprotective properties. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-MF effects, particularly in relation to senescence, remain elusive. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying molecular mechanisms of AS-IV in treating ISO-induced MF in mice, employing transcriptomics, proteomics, in vitro, and in vivo experiments. We assessed the positive effects of AS-IV on ISO-induced MF using HE staining, Masson staining, ELISA, immunohistochemical staining, transthoracic echocardiography, transmission electron microscopy, and DHE fluorescence staining. Additionally, we elucidated the regulatory role of AS-IV in MF through comprehensive transcriptomics and proteomics analyses, complemented by Western blotting and RT-qPCR validation of pertinent molecular pathways. Our findings demonstrated that AS-IV treatment markedly attenuated ISO-induced myocardial injury and oxidative stress, concomitantly inhibiting the release of SASPs. Furthermore, integrated transcriptomics and proteomics analyses revealed that the anti-MF mechanism of AS-IV was associated with regulating cellular senescence and the p53 signaling pathway. These results highlight AS-IV exerts its anti-MF effects not only by inhibiting oxidative stress but also by modulating senescence through the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Shi
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Jingwei Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun He
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Yuxia Jin
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China.
| | - Xuqin Du
- Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, China.
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Liu Z, Zhao X. piRNAs as emerging biomarkers and physiological regulatory molecules in cardiovascular disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 711:149906. [PMID: 38640879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent one of the most considerable global health threats, owing to their high incidence and mortality rates. Despite the ongoing advancements in detection, prevention, treatment, and prognosis of CVD, which have resulted in a decline in both incidence and mortality rates, CVD remains a major public health concern. Therefore, novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic interventions are imperative to minimise the risk of CVD. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have recently gained increasing attention, with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) emerging as a class of small ncRNAs traditionally recognised for their role in silencing transposons within cells. Although the functional roles of PIWI proteins and piRNAs in human cells remain unclear, growing evidence suggests that these molecules are gradually becoming valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest studies on piRNAs in CVD. This review discusses the roles of piRNAs in various cardiovascular subtypes, including myocardial hypertrophy, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and cardiac regeneration. The perceived insights may contribute novel perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Precision Medicine, Kunming YanAn Hospital & Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Bayer HealthCare, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xi Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Precision Medicine, Kunming YanAn Hospital & Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Hu J, Teng J, Hui S, Liang L. SGLT-2 inhibitors as novel treatments of multiple organ fibrosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29486. [PMID: 38644817 PMCID: PMC11031788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a significant health issue linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, affects various organs and can lead to serious damage and loss of function. Despite the availability of some treatments, their limitations necessitate the development of new therapeutic options. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), known for their glucose-lowering ability, have shown promise in offering protective effects against fibrosis in multiple organs through glucose-independent mechanisms. This review explores the anti-fibrotic potential of SGLT2i across different tissues, providing insights into their underlying mechanisms and highlighting recent research advancements. The evidence positions SGLT2i as a potential future treatments for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, China
| | - Jianhui Teng
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Shan Hui
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, China
| | - Lihui Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, China
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Lin S, Zhang S, Zhan A, Feng J, Yang Q, Li T, Liu Z, Mo Q, Fan H, Wang K, Wang L. Palmatine alleviates cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast activation through the STAT3 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176395. [PMID: 38350592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, the hallmark of cardiovascular disease, is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the heart. Emerging evidence indicates that cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) play pivotal roles in driving cardiac fibrosis. However, due to incomplete insights into CFs, there are limited effective approaches to prevent or reverse cardiac fibrosis currently. Palmatine, a protoberberine alkaloid extracted from traditional Chinese botanical remedies, possesses diverse biological effects. This study investigated the potential therapeutic value and mechanism of palmatine against cardiac fibrosis. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle, isoproterenol (ISO), or ISO plus palmatine for one week. After echocardiography assessment, mice hearts were collected for histopathology, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses. Primary rat CFs were utilized in vitro. Compared to control, ISO-treated mice exhibited cardiac hypertrophy and structural abnormalities; however, treatment with palmatine ameliorated these effects of ISO. Moreover, palmatine treatment mitigated ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis showed that palmatine strongly binds the regulators of cardiac fibrosis including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and mammalian target of rapamycin. Furthermore, palmatine reduced the elevated fibrotic factor expressions and overactivated STAT3 induced by ISO, Transformed growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), or interleukin-6 both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, blocking STAT3 suppressed the TGF-β1-induced CF activation. Collectively, these data demonstrated that palmatine attenuated cardiac fibrosis partly by inhibiting fibroblast activation through the STAT3 pathway. This provides an experimental basis for the clinical treatment of cardiac fibrosis with palmatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Lin
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glycolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shengxi Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glycolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Hydropower Group Hospital, Guangzhou, 511340, China
| | - Angyu Zhan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glycolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glycolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glycolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tongjun Li
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glycolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Quqian Mo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glycolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glycolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Keke Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glycolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Hosseinzadeh A, Pourhanifeh MH, Amiri S, Sheibani M, Irilouzadian R, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Therapeutic potential of melatonin in targeting molecular pathways of organ fibrosis. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:25-50. [PMID: 37995089 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, the excessive deposition of fibrous connective tissue in an organ in response to injury, is a pathological condition affecting many individuals worldwide. Fibrosis causes the failure of tissue function and is largely irreversible as the disease progresses. Pharmacologic treatment options for organ fibrosis are limited, but studies suggest that antioxidants, particularly melatonin, can aid in preventing and controlling fibrotic damage to the organs. Melatonin, an indole nocturnally released from the pineal gland, is commonly used to regulate circadian and seasonal biological rhythms and is indicated for treating sleep disorders. While it is often effective in treating sleep disorders, melatonin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also make it a promising molecule for treating other disorders such as organ fibrosis. Melatonin ameliorates the necrotic and apoptotic changes that lead to fibrosis in various organs including the heart, liver, lung, and kidney. Moreover, melatonin reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells during fibrosis development. This article outlines the protective effects of melatonin against fibrosis, including its safety and potential therapeutic effects. The goal of this article is to provide a summary of data accumulated to date and to encourage further experimentation with melatonin and increase its use as an anti-fibrotic agent in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shiva Amiri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Irilouzadian
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Qiao B, Liu X, Wang B, Wei S. The role of periostin in cardiac fibrosis. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:191-206. [PMID: 37870704 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, which is the buildup of proteins in the connective tissues of the heart, can lead to end-stage extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and ultimately heart failure. Cardiac remodeling involves changes in gene expression in cardiac cells and ECM, which significantly leads to the morbidity and mortality in heart failure. However, despite extensive research, the elusive intricacies underlying cardiac fibrosis remain unidentified. Periostin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein of the fasciclin superfamily, acts as a scaffold for building complex architectures in the ECM, which improves intermolecular interactions and augments the mechanical properties of connective tissues. Recent research has shown that periostin not only contributes to normal ECM homeostasis in a healthy heart but also serves as a potent inducible regulator of cellular reorganization in cardiac fibrosis. Here, we reviewed the constitutive domain of periostin and its interaction with other ECM proteins. We have also discussed the critical pathophysiological functions of periostin in cardiac remodeling mechanisms, including two distinct yet potentially intertwined mechanisms. Furthermore, we will focus on the intrinsic complexities within periostin research, particularly surrounding the contentious issues observed in experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Qiao
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xuehao Liu
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Bailu Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shujian Wei
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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11
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Chalise U, Hale TM. Fibroblasts under pressure: cardiac fibroblast responses to hypertension and antihypertensive therapies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H223-H237. [PMID: 37999643 PMCID: PMC11219059 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00401.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of Americans have hypertension, which significantly increases the risk of heart failure. In response to increased peripheral resistance in hypertension, intensified mechanical stretch in the myocardium induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibroblast activation to withstand increased pressure overload. This changes the structure and function of the heart, leading to pathological cardiac remodeling and eventual progression to heart failure. In the presence of hypertensive stimuli, cardiac fibroblasts activate and differentiate to myofibroblast phenotype capable of enhanced extracellular matrix secretion in coordination with other cell types, mainly cardiomyocytes. Both systemic and local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation lead to increased angiotensin II stimulation of fibroblasts. Angiotensin II directly activates fibrotic signaling such as transforming growth factor β/SMAD and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to produce extracellular matrix comprised of collagens and matricellular proteins. With the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing techniques, heterogeneity in fibroblast populations has been identified in the left ventricle in models of hypertension and pressure overload. The various clusters of fibroblasts reveal a range of phenotypes and activation states. Select antihypertensive therapies have been shown to be effective in limiting fibrosis, with some having direct actions on cardiac fibroblasts. The present review focuses on the fibroblast-specific changes that occur in response to hypertension and pressure overload, the knowledge gained from single-cell analyses, and the effect of antihypertensive therapies. Understanding the dynamics of hypertensive fibroblast populations and their similarities and differences by sex is crucial for the advent of new targets and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Chalise
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Taben M Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
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12
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Hu L, Gao D, Lv H, Lian L, Wang M, Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhang J. Finding New Targets for the Treatment of Heart Failure: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1349-1356. [PMID: 37432587 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a progressive disease with an annual mortality rate of about 10% and is the end-stage stage of various heart diseases, which places a huge socioeconomic burden on the healthcare system. The development of heart failure has received increasing attention as a potential way to improve the treatment of this disease. Many studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy play an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure. With the in-depth study of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, both are considered promising targets for pharmacological interventions to treat heart failure, but the mechanism of heart failure between the two is not clear. This review will highlight the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and their interactions in the development and development of heart failure, thereby helping to provide direction for the future development of targeted therapies for patients with heart failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study explored the new targets for the treatment of heart failure: endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Targeted drug therapy for endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy is expected to provide a new intervention target for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Dongjie Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yingyu Xie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China.
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13
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Gocer Z, Elek A, Caska H, Bozgeyik I. MicroRNAs and cardiac fibrosis: A comprehensive update on mechanisms and consequences. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154853. [PMID: 37857035 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological wound-healing mechanism that results by the overactivation of fibroblasts. Fibrosis can become obstructive and deleterious during regeneration of various body tissues including cardiac muscle. This ultimately results in the development of cardiac fibrosis, characterized by an excessive buildup of extracellular matrix proteins. Thus, it could lead to arrhythmias and heart failure which creates a leading public health burden worldwide. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with great potential for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Mounting evidence indicates that miRNAs are involved in the deregulation of tissue homeostasis during myocardial fibrosis. For instance, miRNAs that are implicated in the regulation of TGF-beta signaling pathway have been reported to be significantly altered in myocardial fibrosis. Accordingly, in this comprehensive review, we discuss and highlight recent available data on the role of miRNAs during myocardial fibrosis, providing valuable insights into the miRNA modulation of cardiac fibrosis and miRNAs targets that can be used in the future therapeutic interventions to cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekihan Gocer
- Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Alperen Elek
- Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Halil Caska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
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14
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Xu H, Miao H, Chen G, Zhang G, Hua Y, Wu Y, Xu T, Han X, Hu C, Pang M, Tan L, Liu B, Zhou Y. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 exerts anti-fibrotic effect after myocardial infarction by alleviation of fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition through TGFBR1 signaling pathways. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:743-754. [PMID: 38107395 PMCID: PMC10721484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis post-myocardial infarction (MI) can induce maladaptive cardiac remodeling as well as heart failure. Although 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has been applied to cardiovascular diseases, its efficacy and specific molecular mechanism in myocardial fibrosis are largely unknown. Herein, we aimed to explore whether TGFBR1 signaling was involved in Rg3's anti-fibrotic effect post-MI. Methods Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation-induced MI mice and TGF-β1-stimulated primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were adopted. Echocardiography, hematoxlin-eosin and Masson staining, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry, CCK8 and Edu were used to study the effects of Rg3 on myocardial fibrosis and TGFBR1 signaling. The combination mechanism of Rg3 and TGFBR1 was explored by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). Moreover, myocardial Tgfbr1-deficient mice and TGFBR1 adenovirus were adopted to confirm the pharmacological mechanism of Rg3. Results In vivo experiments, Rg3 ameliorated myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy and enhanced cardiac function. Rg3-TGFBR1 had the 1.78 × 10-7 M equilibrium dissociation constant based on SPRi analysis, and Rg3 inhibited the activation of TGFBR1/Smads signaling dose-dependently. Cardiac-specific Tgfbr1 knockdown abolished Rg3's protection against myocardial fibrosis post-MI. In addition, Rg3 down-regulated the TGF-β1-mediated CFs growth together with collagen production in vitro through TGFBR1 signaling. Moreover, TGFBR1 adenovirus partially blocked the inhibitory effect of Rg3. Conclusion Rg3 improves myocardial fibrosis and cardiac function through suppressing CFs proliferation along with collagen deposition by inactivation of TGFBR1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Xu
- Department of Geratology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Miao
- Department of Geratology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Guanghong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Hua
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changlei Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyi Tan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- Department of Geratology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Gaytan SL, Beaven E, Gadad SS, Nurunnabi M. Progress and prospect of nanotechnology for cardiac fibrosis treatment. INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2023; 1:e20230018. [PMID: 38089921 PMCID: PMC10712437 DOI: 10.1002/inmd.20230018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the heart, leading to reduced cardiac functionality and heart failure. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic applications of nanotechnology for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. We first delve into the fundamental pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis, highlighting the key molecular players, including Matrix Metalloproteinases, Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and several growth factors, cytokines, and signaling molecules. Each target presents a unique opportunity to develop targeted nano-therapies. We then focus on recent advancements in nanotechnology and how nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver drugs or therapeutic genes. These advanced delivery approaches have shown significant potential to inhibit fibrosis-promoting factors, thereby mitigating the fibrotic response and potentially reversing disease progression. In addition, we discuss the challenges associated with developing and translating nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including ensuring biocompatibility, safety, and regulatory compliance. This review highlights how nanotechnology can bridge the gap between lab research and clinical practice for treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Gaytan
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health SciencesCollege of Health SciencesThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in CancerDepartment of Molecular and Translational MedicinePaul L. Foster School of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health SciencesCollege of Health SciencesThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of EngineeringThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Border Biomedical Research CenterThe University of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
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16
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Tao T, Du L, Teng P, Guo Y, Wang X, Hu Y, Zhao H, Xu Q, Ma L. Stem cell antigen-1 +cell-derived fibroblasts are crucial for cardiac fibrosis during heart failure. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:300. [PMID: 37740736 PMCID: PMC11073062 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present in the heart cannot differentiate into cardiomyocytes, but may play a role in pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to scrutinise the role and mechanism of MSC differentiation in vivo during heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of total non-cardiomyocytes from murine and adult human hearts. By analysing the transcriptomes of single cells, we illustrated the dynamics of the cell landscape during the progression of heart hypertrophy, including those of stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1)+ stem/progenitor cells and fibroblasts. By combining genetic lineage tracing and bone marrow transplantation models, we demonstrated that non-bone marrow-derived Sca1+ cells give rise to fibroblasts. Interestingly, partial depletion of Sca1+ cells alleviated the severity of myocardial fibrosis and led to a significant improvement in cardiac function in Sca1-CreERT2;Rosa26-eGFP-DTA mice. Similar non-cardiomyocyte cell composition and heterogeneity were observed in human patients with heart failure. Mechanistically, our study revealed that Sca1+ cells can transform into fibroblasts and affect the severity of fibrosis through the Wnt4-Pdgfra pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study describes the cellular landscape of hypertrophic hearts and reveals that fibroblasts derived from Sca1+ cells with a non-bone marrow source largely account for cardiac fibrosis. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and have potential therapeutic implications for heart failure. Non-bone marrow-derived Sca1+ cells differentiate into fibroblasts involved in cardiac fibrosis via Wnt4-PDGFRα pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Luping Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haige Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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17
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Xiao Z, Guan L, Shi H, Yu Y, Yu Z, Qin S, Su Y, Chen R, Li M, Ge J. Trimetazidine Affects Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Expression to Restore Ischemic Heart Function via Reactive Oxygen Species/NFκB Pathway Inhibition. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:104-116. [PMID: 37163369 PMCID: PMC10402877 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Studies have demonstrated the roles of trimetazidine beyond being an antianginal agent in ischemic heart disease (IHD) treatment associated with mechanisms of calcium regulation. Our recent studies revealed that mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU, the pore-forming unit responsible for mitochondrial calcium entrance) inhibition provided cardioprotective effects for failing hearts. Because trimetazidine and MCU are associated with calcium homeostasis, we hypothesized that trimetazidine may affect MCU to restore the failing heart function. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis in the context of cardiac ischemia in vivo and in vitro. The IHD model was established in male C57BL/6 mice followed by trimetazidine administration intraperitoneally at 20 mg/kg q.o.d for 8 weeks. In vitro studies were performed in a hypoxia model using primary rat neonate cardiomyocytes. The mice survival outcomes and heart function, pathohistologic, and biological changes were analyzed. The results demonstrated that trimetazidine treatment resulted in longer life spans and heart function improvement accompanied by restoration of mitochondrial calcium levels and increase in ATP production via MCU down-regulation. Studies in vitro further showed that trimetazidine treatment and MCU inhibition decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inhibited the NFκB pathway, and protected the cardiomyocytes from hypoxic injury, and vice versa. Thus, the present study unveils a unique mechanism in which trimetazidine is involved in ameliorating the ischemic failing heart via MCU down-regulation and the following mitochondrial calcium homeostasis restoration, ROS reduction, and cardiomyocyte protection through NFκB pathway inhibition. This mechanism provides a novel explanation for the treatment effects of trimetazidine on IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichun Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengmei Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangang Su
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China
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18
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Ostadal B, Kolar F, Ostadalova I, Sedmera D, Olejnickova V, Hlavackova M, Alanova P. Developmental Aspects of Cardiac Adaptation to Increased Workload. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10050205. [PMID: 37233172 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10050205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is capable of extensive adaptive growth in response to the demands of the body. When the heart is confronted with an increased workload over a prolonged period, it tends to cope with the situation by increasing its muscle mass. The adaptive growth response of the cardiac muscle changes significantly during phylogenetic and ontogenetic development. Cold-blooded animals maintain the ability for cardiomyocyte proliferation even in adults. On the other hand, the extent of proliferation during ontogenetic development in warm-blooded species shows significant temporal limitations: whereas fetal and neonatal cardiac myocytes express proliferative potential (hyperplasia), after birth proliferation declines and the heart grows almost exclusively by hypertrophy. It is, therefore, understandable that the regulation of the cardiac growth response to the increased workload also differs significantly during development. The pressure overload (aortic constriction) induced in animals before the switch from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth leads to a specific type of left ventricular hypertrophy which, in contrast with the same stimulus applied in adulthood, is characterized by hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes, capillary angiogenesis and biogenesis of collagenous structures, proportional to the growth of myocytes. These studies suggest that timing may be of crucial importance in neonatal cardiac interventions in humans: early definitive repairs of selected congenital heart disease may be more beneficial for the long-term results of surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohuslav Ostadal
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Ostadalova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Olejnickova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hlavackova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Alanova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Niu XH, Liu RH, Lv X, He RL, Lv FZ, Wu SJ, Li XQ, Li L, Lin JF. Activating α7nAChR helps post-myocardial infarction healing by regulating macrophage polarization via the STAT3 signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:879-892. [PMID: 36912917 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes/macrophages play critical roles in inflammation and cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) modulates local and systemic inflammatory responses by activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) in monocytes/macrophages. We investigated the effect of α7nAChR on MI-induced monocyte/macrophage recruitment and polarization and its contribution to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley rats underwent coronary ligation and were intraperitoneally injected with the α7nAChR-selective agonist PNU282987 or the antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA). RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and treated with PNU282987, MLA, and S3I-201 (a STAT3 inhibitor). Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Masson's trichrome and immunofluorescence were used to detect cardiac fibrosis, myocardial capillary density, and M1/M2 macrophages. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression, and the proportion of monocytes was measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS Activating the CAP with PNU282987 significantly improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis and 28-day mortality after MI. On days 3 and 7 post-MI, PNU282987 reduced the percentage of peripheral CD172a + CD43low monocytes and the infiltration of M1 macrophages in the infarcted hearts, whereas it increased the recruitment of peripheral CD172a + CD43high monocytes and M2 macrophages. Conversely, MLA exerted the opposite effects. In vitro, PNU282987 inhibited M1 macrophage polarization and promoted M2 macrophage polarization in LPS + IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These PNU282987-induced changes in LPS + IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were reversed by administering S3I-201. CONCLUSION Activating α7nAChR inhibits the early recruitment of pro-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages during MI and improves cardiac function and remodeling. Our findings suggest a promising therapeutic target for regulating monocyte/macrophage phenotypes and promoting healing after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Niu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rong-Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rui-Lin He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Lv
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Shu-Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xu-Qing Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Jia-Feng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Miao S, Wang L, Guan S, Gu T, Wang H, Shangguan W, Wang W, Liu Y, Liang X. Integrated whole transcriptome analysis for the crucial regulators and functional pathways related to cardiac fibrosis in rats. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:5413-5429. [PMID: 36896551 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis has gradually gained significance in the field of cardiovascular disease; however, its specific pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to establish the regulatory networks based on whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing analyses and reveal the underlying mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis. METHODS An experimental model of myocardial fibrosis was induced using the chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) method. Expression profiles of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) were acquired from right atrial tissue samples of rats. Differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) were identified, and functional enrichment analysis was performed. Moreover, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network that are related to cardiac fibrosis were constructed, and the relevant regulatory factors and functional pathways were identified. Finally, the crucial regulators were validated using qRT-PCR. RESULTS DERs, including 268 lncRNAs, 20 miRNAs, and 436 mRNAs, were screened. Further, 18 relevant biological processes, such as "chromosome segregation, " and 6 KEGG signaling pathways, such as "cell cycle, " were significantly enriched. The regulatory relationship of miRNA-mRNA-KEGG pathways showed eight overlapping disease pathways, including "pathways in cancer." In addition, crucial regulatory factors, such as Arnt2, WNT2B, GNG7, LOC100909750, Cyp1a1, E2F1, BIRC5, and LPAR4, were identified and verified to be closely related to cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSION This study identified the crucial regulators and related functional pathways in cardiac fibrosis by integrating the whole transcriptome analysis in rats, which might provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Siyu Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Tianshu Gu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Hualing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Wenfeng Shangguan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Weiding Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Taikang Ningbo Hospital, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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Liu Y, Li Y, Xue L, Xiao J, Li P, Xue W, Li C, Guo H, Chen Y. The effect of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway on organ inflammatory injury and fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033982. [PMID: 36545321 PMCID: PMC9762484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signal transduction pathway is critical in innate immunity, infection, and inflammation. In response to pathogenic microbial infections and other conditions, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes abnormal DNA and initiates a downstream type I interferon response. This paper reviews the pathogenic mechanisms of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in different organs, including changes in fibrosis-related biomarkers, intending to systematically investigate the effect of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signal transduction in inflammation and fibrosis processes. The effects of stimulator of interferon genes in related auto-inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases are described in this article, in addition to the application of stimulator of interferon genes-related drugs in treating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengyong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wanlin Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Haipeng Guo, ; Yuguo Chen,
| | - Yuguo Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Haipeng Guo, ; Yuguo Chen,
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Zhu Y, Chai Y, Xiao G, Liu Y, Xie X, Xiao W, Zhou P, Ma W, Zhang C, Li L. Astragalus and its formulas as a therapeutic option for fibrotic diseases: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040350. [PMID: 36408254 PMCID: PMC9669388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, characterized by accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components, which causes organ dysfunction and even death. Despite advances in understanding fibrosis pathology and clinical management, there is no treatment for fibrosis that can prevent or reverse it, existing treatment options may lead to diarrhea, nausea, bleeding, anorexia, and liver toxicity. Thus, effective drugs are needed for fibrotic diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has played a vital role in fibrotic diseases, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Astragalus (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge) can attenuate multiple fibrotic diseases, which include liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and so on, mechanisms may be related to inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smads, apoptosis, inflammation pathways. The purpose of this review was to summarize the pharmacology and mechanisms of Astragalus in treating fibrotic diseases, the data reviewed demonstrates that Astragalus is a promising anti-fibrotic drug, its main anti-fibrotic components are Calycosin, Astragaloside IV, Astragalus polysaccharides and formononetin. We also review formulas that contain Astragalus with anti-fibrotic effects, in which Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Astragalus and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels are the most commonly used combinations. We propose that combining active components into new formulations may be a promising way to develop new drugs for fibrosis. Besides, we expect Astragalus to be accepted as a clinically effective method of treating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilu Chai
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojin Xiao
- Nursing Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuying Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Heart Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
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Chen X, Xia X, Dong T, Lin Z, Du L, Zhou H. Trimetazidine Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis in Rats by Inhibiting NOX2-Mediated Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2517-2527. [PMID: 35946039 PMCID: PMC9357386 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s360283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Xia
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiancheng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leilei Du
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hao Zhou, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NanBai Xiang Avenue, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 1 396 880 1939, Fax +86 577 555 79796, Email
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Qige Huxin Formula Attenuates Isoprenaline-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in Mice via Modulating Gut Microbiota and Protecting Intestinal Integrity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2894659. [PMID: 35911163 PMCID: PMC9328975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2894659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The composition and metabolic activities of gut microbiota are strongly interconnected with cardiac fibrosis (CF) and heart failure (HF). Qige Huxin formula (QHF), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation originating from a classical Fangji Huangqi decoction, has been widely used to clinically treat HF for decades. However, it is still unclear whether QHF alleviates CF by modulating gut microbiota and intestinal integrity. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of QHF in isoprenaline-induced CF through modulating gut microbiota and intestinal integrity. Methods Fifty mice were randomly divided into five groups after one week of acclimatization feeding: control group, model group, 2.56 g/kg/d group (low-dose QHF), 5.12 g/kg/d group (high-dose QHF), and meto group (15 mg/kg/d). The CF model was established by subcutaneously injecting the mice with isoprenaline (10 mg/kg/d for 14 days), followed by QHF treatment. The heart volume, cardiac weight index (CWI), serum myocardial enzymes, serum inflammatory cytokines, serum lipopolysaccharide, histopathology of the heart and colon tissues, ZO-1, and occludin of colon tissues were then measured. Fecal samples from mice were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results QHF treatment significantly reduced heart volume, CWI, and serum CK and CK-MB levels, attenuated cardiac histopathological alterations, and alleviated CF. QHF treatment also downregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum. Moreover, QHF treatment decreased the serum level of lipopolysaccharide and maintained intestinal integrity by upregulating ZO-1 and occludin. The 16S rRNA microbiota analysis revealed that QHF treatment increased the relative abundance of Marvinbryantia and Phascolarctobacterium. Conclusions QHF treatment exerts cardioprotective effects through modulating gut microbiota, protecting intestinal integrity, and alleviating inflammation. This study shows that gut microbiota may enhance heart-gut interaction.
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Wang F, Zhang J, Niu G, Weng J, Zhang Q, Xie M, Li C, Sun K. Apigenin inhibits isoproterenol‐induced myocardial fibrosis and Smad pathway in mice by regulating oxidative stress and miR‐122‐5p/155‐5p expressions. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1003-1015. [PMID: 35277868 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Apium graveolens, is an effective natural active ingredient that inhibits transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) differentiation and collagen synthesis. However, its effects on isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis in mice remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of apigenin in the prevention of myocardial fibrosis. A mouse model of myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol was established, and the mice were given apigenin 75-300 mg/kg orally for 40 days. The results showed that the heart weight coefficient, myocardial hydroxyproline, collagen accumulation, and malondialdehyde levels in the apigenin-treated groups were significantly reduced. In contrast, the activity of myocardial superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly enhanced. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays showed that apigenin could significantly upregulate the expressions of myocardial microRNA-122-5p (miR-122-5p), c-Ski, and Smad7 and downregulate the expressions of myocardial miR-155-5p, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I/III, NF-κB, TGF-β1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3. In vitro, the differentiation and extracellular matrix production, as well as TGF-β1/Smads axis, were further reduced after treatment of miR-122-5p mimic or miR-155-5p inhibitor-transfected and TGF-β1-stimulated CFs with apigenin. These results suggested that apigenin increased the expression of miR-122-5p and decreased the expression of miR-155-5p, which subsequently downregulated and upregulated the target genes HIF-1α and c-Ski, respectively. Furthermore, apigenin administration downregulated TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 and upregulated Smad7. In addition, it reduced the NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway axis by increasing antioxidant ability to exert the antifibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghao Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meilin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Li L, Wang M, Ma Q, Li Y, Ye J, Sun X, Sun G. Progress of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Technology in Myocardial Infarction Research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:768834. [PMID: 35252379 PMCID: PMC8893277 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.768834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction, the heart enters a remodeling and repair phase that involves myocardial cell damage, inflammatory response, fibroblast activation, and, ultimately, angiogenesis. In this process, the proportions and functions of cardiomyocytes, immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and other cells change. Identification of the potential differences in gene expression among cell types and/or transcriptome heterogeneity among cells of the same type greatly contribute to understanding the cellular changes that occur in heart and disease conditions. Recent advent of the single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology has facilitated the exploration of single cell diversity as well as comprehensive elucidation of the natural history and molecular mechanisms of myocardial infarction. In this manner, novel putative therapeutic targets for myocardial infarction treatment may be detected and clinically applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiao Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Centre, College of Integration Science, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Jingxue Ye
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Sun
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guibo Sun
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