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Sethi P, Bhaskar R, Singh KK, Gupta S, Han SS, Avinash D, Abomughaid MM, Koul A, Rani B, Ghosh S, Jha NK, Sinha JK. Exploring Advancements in Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease with Molecular Assays and Animal Models. Ageing Res Rev 2024:102411. [PMID: 38986845 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a challenging neurodegenerative condition, with overwhelming implications for affected individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. Animal models have played a crucial role in studying AD pathogenesis and testing therapeutic interventions. Remarkably, studies on the genetic factors affecting AD risk, such as APOE and TREM2, have provided valuable insights into disease mechanisms. Early diagnosis has emerged as a crucial factor in effective AD management, as demonstrated by clinical studies emphasizing the benefits of initiating treatment at early stages. Novel diagnostic technologies, including RNA sequencing of microglia, offer promising avenues for early detection and monitoring of AD progression. Therapeutic strategies remain to evolve, with a focus on targeting amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology. Advances in animal models, such as APP-KI mice, and the advancement of anti-Aβ drugs signify progress towards more effective treatments. Therapeutically, the focus has shifted towards intricate approaches targeting multiple pathological pathways simultaneously. Strategies aimed at reducing Aβ plaque accumulation, inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation, and modulating neuroinflammation are actively being explored, both in preclinical models and clinical trials. While challenges continue in developing validated animal models and translating preclinical findings to clinical success, the continuing efforts in understanding AD at molecular, cellular, and clinical levels offer hope for improved management and eventual prevention of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paalki Sethi
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Krishna Kumar Singh
- Symbiosis Centre for Information Technology (SCIT), Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411057 India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541 Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - D Avinash
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Apurva Koul
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab
| | - Bindu Rani
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences, NIMS University Rajsthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Shampa Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
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Zeng J, Hu XF, Sun DS, Hong XY, Ma JZ, Feng Q. Alzheimer-like behavior and synaptic dysfunction in 3 × Tg-AD mice are reversed with calcineurin inhibition. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1507-1515. [PMID: 38719948 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impairments in synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance. Current treatments are unable to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects or reverse the progression of the disease. Calcineurin has been implicated as part of a critical signaling pathway for learning and memory, and neuronal calcineurin may be hyperactivated in AD. To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of FK506, a calcineurin inhibitor, on Alzheimer-like behavior and synaptic dysfunction in the 3 × Tg-AD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, we investigated the effect of FK506 on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in the 3 × Tg-AD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The results showed that FK506 treatment ameliorated cognitive deficits, as indicated by the decreased latency in the water maze, and attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation in 3 × Tg-AD mice. Treatment with FK506 also reduced the levels of certain markers of postsynaptic deficits, including PSD-95 and NR2B, and reversed the long-term potentiation deficiency and dendritic spine impairments in 3 × Tg-AD mice. These findings suggest that treatment with calcineurin inhibitors such as FK506 can be an effective therapeutic strategy to rescue synaptic deficit and cognitive impairment in familial Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Feng Hu
- Department of General Practice, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Zheng Ma
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qiong Feng
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Barbieri M, Chiodini P, Di Gennaro P, Hafez G, Liabeuf S, Malyszko J, Mani LY, Mattace-Raso F, Pepin M, Perico N, Simeoni M, Zoccali C, Tortorella G, Capuano A, Remuzzi G, Capasso G, Paolisso G. Efficacy of erythropoietin as a neuroprotective agent in CKD-associated cognitive dysfunction: A literature systematic review. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107146. [PMID: 38493928 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often experience mild cognitive impairment and other neurocognitive disorders. Studies have shown that erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor have neuroprotective effects in cell and animal models of nervous system disorders. Recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO), commonly used to treat anemia in CKD patients, could be a neuroprotective agent. In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the published studies investigating the cognitive benefits of rHuEPO treatment in individuals with reduced kidney function. We comprehensively searched Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 1990 to 2023. After selection, 24 studies were analyzed, considering study design, sample size, participant characteristics, intervention, and main findings. The collective results of these studies in CKD patients indicated that rHuEPO enhances brain function, improves performance on neuropsychological tests, and positively affects electroencephalography measurements. These findings suggest that rHuEPO could be a promising neuroprotective agent for managing CKD-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Piergiacomo Di Gennaro
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Gaye Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France; MP3CV Laboratory, EA7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jolanta Malyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laila-Yasmin Mani
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Mattace-Raso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatric Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Pepin
- Clinical Epidemiology, CESP, INSERM, UMR 1018, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France; Department of Geriatrics, Ambroise Paré University Medical Center, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Norberto Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Mariadelina Simeoni
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute, New York, USA; Institute of Biology and Molecular Biology (BIOGEM), Ariano Irpino, Italy; IPNET, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tortorella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Section of Pharmacology 'L. Donatelli', Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; UniCamillus, International Medical University, Rome, Italy
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Colavitta MF, Barrantes FJ. Therapeutic Strategies Aimed at Improving Neuroplasticity in Alzheimer Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2052. [PMID: 37631266 PMCID: PMC10459958 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia among elderly people. Owing to its varied and multicausal etiopathology, intervention strategies have been highly diverse. Despite ongoing advances in the field, efficient therapies to mitigate AD symptoms or delay their progression are still of limited scope. Neuroplasticity, in broad terms the ability of the brain to modify its structure in response to external stimulation or damage, has received growing attention as a possible therapeutic target, since the disruption of plastic mechanisms in the brain appear to correlate with various forms of cognitive impairment present in AD patients. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies have attempted to enhance neuroplasticity via different mechanisms, for example, regulating glucose or lipid metabolism, targeting the activity of neurotransmitter systems, or addressing neuroinflammation. In this review, we first describe several structural and functional aspects of neuroplasticity. We then focus on the current status of pharmacological approaches to AD stemming from clinical trials targeting neuroplastic mechanisms in AD patients. This is followed by an analysis of analogous pharmacological interventions in animal models, according to their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F. Colavitta
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA)—National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP-UCA), Facultad de Psicología, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina;
| | - Francisco J. Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA)—National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina
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Locatelli F, Paoletti E, Del Vecchio L. Cardiovascular safety of current and emerging drugs to treat anaemia in chronic kidney disease: a safety review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2023; 22:1179-1191. [PMID: 38111209 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2285889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are the standard of treatment for anemia in chronic kidney disease. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHI) are small molecules that stimulate endogenous erythropoietin synthesis. AREAS COVERED The cardiovascular safety of ESAs and HIF-PHIs. We performed a PubMed search using several key words, including anemia, chronic kidney disease, safety, erythropoiesis stimulating agents, HIF-PH inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION ESAs are well-tolerated drugs with a long history of use; there are safety concerns, especially when targeting high hemoglobin levels. HIF-PHIs have comparable efficacy to ESAs in correcting anemia. Contrary to expectations, randomized phase 3 clinical trials have shown that overall HIF-PHIs were non-inferior to ESA or placebo with respect to the risk of cardiovascular endpoints. In addition, some phase 3 trials raised potential safety concerns regarding cardiovascular and thrombotic events, particularly in non-dialysis patients.Today, HIF-PHIs represent an additional treatment option for anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. This has made the management of anemia in CKD more complex and heterogeneous. A better understanding of the mechanisms causing hypo-responsiveness to ESAs, combined with an individualized approach that balances ESAs, HIF-PHIs and iron doses, could increase the benefits while reducing the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Paoletti
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, San Martino Hospital, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Del Vecchio
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
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