1
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Na Q, Zhang S, Shao P, Jia Y, Wang Y, Wei M, Chen Y, Chen C, Zhao L, Wang Z, Song Y, Wu B, Bao S, Li X. In vitro generation of trophoblast like stem cells from goat pluripotent stem cells. Theriogenology 2024; 226:120-129. [PMID: 38878464 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Since the first mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was derived, the in vitro culture of domestic iPSCs functionally and molecularly comparable with mouse iPSCs has been a challenge. Here, we established dairy goat iPSCs (giPSCs) from goat ear fibroblast cells with mouse iPSCs morphology, the expression of pluripotent markers and differentiation ability in vitro delivered by piggyBac transposon with nine Dox-inducible exogenous reprogramming factors. These reprogramming factors were bOMSK (bovine OCT4, CMYC, SOX2, and KLF4), pNhL (porcine NANOG and human LIN28), hRL (human RARG and LRH1), and SV40 Large T. Notably, AF-giPSCs (induced in activin A and bFGF condition) were capable of differentiation in embryoid bodies in vitro and could contribute to interspecies chimerism in mouse E6.5 embryos in vitro, demonstrating that AF-giPSCs have the developmental capability to generate some embryonic cell lineages. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has an important role in driving goat induced trophoblast-like stem cells (giTLSCs) from Dox-independent giPSCs. This study will support further establishment of the stable giPSC lines without any integration of exogenous genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Na
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Peng Shao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Mengyi Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanglin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, 011517, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongli Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Baojiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Siqin Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China.
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, 011517, Hohhot, China.
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2
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Linneberg-Agerholm M, Sell AC, Redó-Riveiro A, Perera M, Proks M, Knudsen TE, Barral A, Manzanares M, Brickman JM. The primitive endoderm supports lineage plasticity to enable regulative development. Cell 2024; 187:4010-4029.e16. [PMID: 38917790 PMCID: PMC11290322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian blastocyst formation involves the specification of the trophectoderm followed by the differentiation of the inner cell mass into embryonic epiblast and extra-embryonic primitive endoderm (PrE). During this time, the embryo maintains a window of plasticity and can redirect its cellular fate when challenged experimentally. In this context, we found that the PrE alone was sufficient to regenerate a complete blastocyst and continue post-implantation development. We identify an in vitro population similar to the early PrE in vivo that exhibits the same embryonic and extra-embryonic potency and can form complete stem cell-based embryo models, termed blastoids. Commitment in the PrE is suppressed by JAK/STAT signaling, collaborating with OCT4 and the sustained expression of a subset of pluripotency-related transcription factors that safeguard an enhancer landscape permissive for multi-lineage differentiation. Our observations support the notion that transcription factor persistence underlies plasticity in regulative development and highlight the importance of the PrE in perturbed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Linneberg-Agerholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Annika Charlotte Sell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Alba Redó-Riveiro
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marta Perera
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martin Proks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Teresa E Knudsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Antonio Barral
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Manzanares
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joshua M Brickman
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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3
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Gui L, Zhong Q, Yang J, Sun J, Lu J, Picton HM, Li C. Acquisition of 2C-like totipotency through defined maternal-effect factors. Stem Cells 2024; 42:581-592. [PMID: 38655883 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Fully grown oocytes have the natural ability to transform 2 terminally differentiated gametes into a totipotent zygote representing the acquisition of totipotency. This process wholly depends on maternal-effect factors (MFs). MFs stored in the eggs are therefore likely to be able to induce cellular reprogramming to a totipotency state. Here we report the generation of totipotent-like stem cells from mESCs using 4MFs Hsf1, Zar1, Padi6, and Npm2, designated as MFiTLSCs. MFiTLSCs exhibited a unique and inherent capability to differentiate into embryonic and extraembryonic derivatives. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MFiTLSCs are enriched with 2-cell-specific genes that appear to synergistically induce a transcriptional repressive state, in that parental genomes are remodeled to a poised transcriptional repression state while totipotency is established following fertilization. This method to derive MFiTLSCs could help advance the understanding of fate determinations of totipotent stem cells in a physiological context and establish a foundation for the development of oocyte biology-based reprogramming technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Gui
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhong
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Yang
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Sun
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Picton
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Changzhong Li
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518036, People's Republic of China
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Soszyńska A, Krawczyk K, Szpila M, Winek E, Szpakowska A, Suwińska A. Exposure of chimaeric embryos to exogenous FGF4 leads to the production of pure ESC-derived mice. Theriogenology 2024; 222:10-21. [PMID: 38603966 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Producing chimaeras constitutes the most reliable method of verifying the pluripotency of newly established cells. Moreover, forming chimaeras by injecting genetically modified embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into the embryo is part of the procedure for generating transgenic mice, which are used for understanding gene function. Conventional methods for generating transgenic mice, including the breeding of chimaeras and tetraploid complementation, are time-consuming and cost-inefficient, with significant limitations that hinder their effectiveness and widespread applications. In the present study, we modified the traditional method of chimaera generation to significantly speed up this process by generating mice exclusively derived from ESCs. This study aimed to assess whether fully ESC-derived mice could be obtained by modulating fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) levels in the culture medium and changing the direction of cell differentiation in the chimaeric embryo. We found that exogenous FGF4 directs all host blastomeres to the primitive endoderm fate, but does not affect the localisation of ESCs in the epiblast of the chimaeric embryos. Consequently, all FGF4-treated chimaeric embryos contained an epiblast composed exclusively of ESCs, and following transfer into recipient mice, these embryos developed into fully ESC-derived newborns. Collectively, this simple approach could accelerate the generation of ESC-derived animals and thus optimise ESC-mediated transgenesis and the verification of cell pluripotency. Compared to traditional methods, it could speed up functional studies by several weeks and significantly reduce costs related to maintaining and breeding chimaeras. Moreover, since the effect of stimulating the FGF signalling pathway is universal across different animal species, our approach can be applied not only to rodents but also to other animals, offering its utility beyond laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Soszyńska
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Krawczyk
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Szpila
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Eliza Winek
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Szpakowska
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta Suwińska
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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5
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Redó-Riveiro A, Al-Mousawi J, Linneberg-Agerholm M, Proks M, Perera M, Salehin N, Brickman JM. Transcription factor co-expression mediates lineage priming for embryonic and extra-embryonic differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:174-186. [PMID: 38215757 PMCID: PMC10874857 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In early mammalian development, cleavage stage blastomeres and inner cell mass (ICM) cells co-express embryonic and extra-embryonic transcriptional determinants. Using a protein-based double reporter we identify an embryonic stem cell (ESC) population that co-expresses the extra-embryonic factor GATA6 alongside the embryonic factor SOX2. Based on single cell transcriptomics, we find this population resembles the unsegregated ICM, exhibiting enhanced differentiation potential for endoderm while maintaining epiblast competence. To relate transcription factor binding in these cells to future fate, we describe a complete enhancer set in both ESCs and naive extra-embryonic endoderm stem cells and assess SOX2 and GATA6 binding at these elements in the ICM-like ESC sub-population. Both factors support cooperative recognition in these lineages, with GATA6 bound alongside SOX2 on a fraction of pluripotency enhancers and SOX2 alongside GATA6 more extensively on endoderm enhancers, suggesting that cooperative binding between these antagonistic factors both supports self-renewal and prepares progenitor cells for later differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Redó-Riveiro
- reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jasmina Al-Mousawi
- reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Madeleine Linneberg-Agerholm
- reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martin Proks
- reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marta Perera
- reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nazmus Salehin
- reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Joshua M Brickman
- reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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6
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Gao Y, Han W, Dong R, Wei S, Chen L, Gu Z, Liu Y, Guo W, Yan F. Efficient Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Trophoblast Stem-like Cells via Lats Kinase Inhibition. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:71. [PMID: 38392290 PMCID: PMC10886645 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Mouse zygotes undergo multiple rounds of cell division, resulting in the formation of preimplantation blastocysts comprising three lineages: trophectoderm (TE), epiblast (EPI), and primitive endoderm (PrE). Cell fate determination plays a crucial role in establishing a healthy pregnancy. The initial separation of lineages gives rise to TE and inner cell mass (ICM), from which trophoblast stem cells (TSC) and embryonic stem cells (ESC) can be derived in vitro. Studying lineage differentiation is greatly facilitated by the clear functional distinction between TSC and ESC. However, transitioning between these two types of cells naturally poses challenges. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibiting LATS kinase promotes the conversion of ICM to TE and also effectively reprograms ESC into stable, self-renewing TS-like cells (TSLC). Compared to TSC, TSLC exhibits similar molecular properties, including the high expression of marker genes such as Cdx2, Eomes, and Tfap2c, as well as hypomethylation of their promoters. Importantly, TSLC not only displays the ability to differentiate into mature trophoblast cells in vitro but also participates in placenta formation in vivo. These findings highlight the efficient reprogramming of ESCs into TSLCs using a small molecular inducer, which provides a new reference for understanding the regulatory network between ESCs and TSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yake Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Wuhan Women's and Children's Medical Care Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenrui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhaolei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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7
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Perera M, Brickman JM. In vitro models of human hypoblast and mouse primitive endoderm. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 83:102115. [PMID: 37783145 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The primitive endoderm (PrE, also named hypoblast), a predominantly extraembryonic epithelium that arises from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mammalian pre-implantation blastocyst, plays a fundamental role in embryonic development, giving rise to the yolk sac, establishing the anterior-posterior axis and contributing to the gut. PrE is specified from the ICM at the same time as the epiblast (Epi) that will form the embryo proper. While in vitro cell lines resembling the pluripotent Epi have been derived from a variety of conditions, only one model system currently exists for the PrE, naïve extraembryonic endoderm (nEnd). As a result, considerably more is known about the gene regulatory networks and signalling requirements of pluripotent stem cells than nEnd. In this review, we describe the ontogeny and differentiation of the PrE or hypoblast in mouse and primate and then discuss in vitro cell culture models for different extraembryonic endodermal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perera
- reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. https://twitter.com/@MartaPrera
| | - Joshua M Brickman
- reNEW UCPH - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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8
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Li H, Chang L, Wu J, Huang J, Guan W, Bates LE, Stuart HT, Guo M, Zhang P, Huang B, Chen C, Zhang M, Chen J, Min M, Wu G, Hutchins AP, Silva JCR. In vitro generation of mouse morula-like cells. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2510-2527.e7. [PMID: 37875119 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Generating cells with the molecular and functional properties of embryo cells and with full developmental potential is an aim with fundamental biological significance. Here we report the in vitro generation of mouse transient morula-like cells (MLCs) via the manipulation of signaling pathways. MLCs are molecularly distinct from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and cluster instead with embryo 8- to 16-cell stage cells. A single MLC can generate a blastoid, and the efficiency increases to 80% when 8-10 MLCs are used. MLCs make embryoids directly, efficiently, and within 4 days. Transcriptomic analysis shows that day 4-5 MLC-derived embryoids contain the cell types found in natural embryos at early gastrulation. Furthermore, MLCs introduced into morulae segregate into epiblast (EPI), primitive endoderm (PrE), and trophectoderm (TE) fates in blastocyst chimeras and have a molecular signature indistinguishable from that of host embryo cells. These findings represent the generation of cells that are molecularly and functionally similar to the precursors of the first three cell lineages of the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China.
| | - Litao Chang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 511495, China
| | - Jinyi Wu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 511495, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China
| | - Lawrence E Bates
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Hannah T Stuart
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Mingyue Guo
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 511495, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China
| | - Boyan Huang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China
| | - Chuanxin Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China
| | - Jiekai Chen
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Min
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China
| | - Guangming Wu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China
| | - Andrew P Hutchins
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - José C R Silva
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510005, China.
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9
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Grigorash BB, van Essen D, Liang G, Grosse L, Emelyanov A, Kang Z, Korablev A, Kanzler B, Molina C, Lopez E, Demidov ON, Garrido C, Liu F, Saccani S, Bulavin DV. p16 High senescence restricts cellular plasticity during somatic cell reprogramming. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1265-1278. [PMID: 37652981 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in four-factor (4F)-induced reprogramming (4FR) in vitro and in vivo, how 4FR interconnects with senescence remains largely under investigated. Here, using genetic and chemical approaches to manipulate senescent cells, we show that removal of p16High cells resulted in the 4FR of somatic cells into totipotent-like stem cells. These cells expressed markers of both pluripotency and the two-cell embryonic state, readily formed implantation-competent blastoids and, following morula aggregation, contributed to embryonic and extraembryonic lineages. We identified senescence-dependent regulation of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase as a key mechanism controlling the S-adenosyl-L-methionine levels during 4FR that was required for expression of the two-cell genes and acquisition of an extraembryonic potential. Importantly, a partial 4F epigenetic reprogramming in old mice was able to reverse several markers of liver aging only in conjunction with the depletion of p16High cells. Our results show that the presence of p16High senescent cells limits cell plasticity, whereas their depletion can promote a totipotent-like state and histopathological tissue rejuvenation during 4F reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan B Grigorash
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, France
- INSERM UMR1231, LipSTIC, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Dominic van Essen
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Guixian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Laurent Grosse
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Alexander Emelyanov
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Zhixin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alexey Korablev
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Benoît Kanzler
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clement Molina
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Elsa Lopez
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oleg N Demidov
- INSERM UMR1231, LipSTIC, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Institute of Cytology, RAS, St Petersburg, Russia
- Sirius University, Sochi, Russia
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM UMR1231, LipSTIC, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Simona Saccani
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Dmitry V Bulavin
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Nice, France.
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10
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Wenger A, Biran A, Alcaraz N, Redó-Riveiro A, Sell AC, Krautz R, Flury V, Reverón-Gómez N, Solis-Mezarino V, Völker-Albert M, Imhof A, Andersson R, Brickman JM, Groth A. Symmetric inheritance of parental histones governs epigenome maintenance and embryonic stem cell identity. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1567-1578. [PMID: 37666988 PMCID: PMC10484787 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Modified parental histones are segregated symmetrically to daughter DNA strands during replication and can be inherited through mitosis. How this may sustain the epigenome and cell identity remains unknown. Here we show that transmission of histone-based information during DNA replication maintains epigenome fidelity and embryonic stem cell plasticity. Asymmetric segregation of parental histones H3-H4 in MCM2-2A mutants compromised mitotic inheritance of histone modifications and globally altered the epigenome. This included widespread spurious deposition of repressive modifications, suggesting elevated epigenetic noise. Moreover, H3K9me3 loss at repeats caused derepression and H3K27me3 redistribution across bivalent promoters correlated with misexpression of developmental genes. MCM2-2A mutation challenged dynamic transitions in cellular states across the cell cycle, enhancing naïve pluripotency and reducing lineage priming in G1. Furthermore, developmental competence was diminished, correlating with impaired exit from pluripotency. Collectively, this argues that epigenetic inheritance of histone modifications maintains a correctly balanced and dynamic chromatin landscape able to support mammalian cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Wenger
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lexogen GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alva Biran
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Alcaraz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alba Redó-Riveiro
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annika Charlotte Sell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Krautz
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valentin Flury
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nazaret Reverón-Gómez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Moritz Völker-Albert
- EpiQMAx GmbH, Planegg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, Protein Analysis Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
| | - Axel Imhof
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, Protein Analysis Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
| | - Robin Andersson
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Joshua M Brickman
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anja Groth
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Swegen A, Appeltant R, Williams SA. Cloning in action: can embryo splitting, induced pluripotency and somatic cell nuclear transfer contribute to endangered species conservation? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1225-1249. [PMID: 37016502 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The term 'cloning' refers to the production of genetically identical individuals but has meant different things throughout the history of science: a natural means of reproduction in bacteria, a routine procedure in horticulture, and an ever-evolving gamut of molecular technologies in vertebrates. Mammalian cloning can be achieved through embryo splitting, somatic cell nuclear transfer, and most recently, by the use of induced pluripotent stem cells. Several emerging biotechnologies also facilitate the propagation of genomes from one generation to the next whilst bypassing the conventional reproductive processes. In this review, we examine the state of the art of available cloning technologies and their progress in species other than humans and rodent models, in order to provide a critical overview of their readiness and relevance for application in endangered animal conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleona Swegen
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ruth Appeltant
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Gamete Research Centre, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Suzannah A Williams
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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12
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Meharwade T, Joumier L, Parisotto M, Huynh V, Lummertz da Rocha E, Malleshaiah M. Cross-activation of FGF, NODAL, and WNT pathways constrains BMP-signaling-mediated induction of the totipotent state in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112438. [PMID: 37126449 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an attractive model to study the relationship between signaling and cell fates. Cultured mouse ESCs can exist in multiple states resembling distinct stages of early embryogenesis, such as totipotent, pluripotent, primed, and primitive endoderm. The signaling mechanisms regulating the totipotent state and coexistence of these states are poorly understood. Here we identify bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling as an inducer of the totipotent state. However, we discover that BMP's role is constrained by the cross-activation of FGF, NODAL, and WNT pathways. We exploit this finding to enhance the proportion of totipotent cells by rationally inhibiting the cross-activated pathways. Single-cell mRNA sequencing reveals that induction of the totipotent state is accompanied by suppression of primed and primitive endoderm states. Furthermore, reprogrammed totipotent cells we generate in culture resemble totipotent cells of preimplantation embryo. Our findings reveal a BMP signaling mechanism regulating both the totipotent state and heterogeneity of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulaj Meharwade
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Loïck Joumier
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maxime Parisotto
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Vivian Huynh
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Molecular Biology Program, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mohan Malleshaiah
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Molecular Biology Program, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; The Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
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13
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Athanasouli P, Balli M, De Jaime-Soguero A, Boel A, Papanikolaou S, van der Veer BK, Janiszewski A, Vanhessche T, Francis A, El Laithy Y, Nigro AL, Aulicino F, Koh KP, Pasque V, Cosma MP, Verfaillie C, Zwijsen A, Heindryckx B, Nikolaou C, Lluis F. The Wnt/TCF7L1 transcriptional repressor axis drives primitive endoderm formation by antagonizing naive and formative pluripotency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1210. [PMID: 36869101 PMCID: PMC9984534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early during preimplantation development and in heterogeneous mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) culture, pluripotent cells are specified towards either the primed epiblast or the primitive endoderm (PE) lineage. Canonical Wnt signaling is crucial for safeguarding naive pluripotency and embryo implantation, yet the role and relevance of canonical Wnt inhibition during early mammalian development remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that transcriptional repression exerted by Wnt/TCF7L1 promotes PE differentiation of mESCs and in preimplantation inner cell mass. Time-series RNA sequencing and promoter occupancy data reveal that TCF7L1 binds and represses genes encoding essential naive pluripotency factors and indispensable regulators of the formative pluripotency program, including Otx2 and Lef1. Consequently, TCF7L1 promotes pluripotency exit and suppresses epiblast lineage formation, thereby driving cells into PE specification. Conversely, TCF7L1 is required for PE specification as deletion of Tcf7l1 abrogates PE differentiation without restraining epiblast priming. Taken together, our study underscores the importance of transcriptional Wnt inhibition in regulating lineage specification in ESCs and preimplantation embryo development as well as identifies TCF7L1 as key regulator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Athanasouli
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Balli
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anchel De Jaime-Soguero
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annekatrien Boel
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Department for Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofia Papanikolaou
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.,Computational Genomics Group, Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Bernard K van der Veer
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Vanhessche
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Francis
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Youssef El Laithy
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Lo Nigro
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Aulicino
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kian Peng Koh
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Pasque
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Institute for Single-Cell Omics (LISCO), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Department for Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christoforos Nikolaou
- Computational Genomics Group, Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Frederic Lluis
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Garcia-Cañadas M, Sanchez-Luque FJ, Sanchez L, Rojas J, Garcia Perez JL. LINE-1 Retrotransposition Assays in Embryonic Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2607:257-309. [PMID: 36449167 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2883-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing mobilization of active non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons continues to impact the genomes of most mammals, including humans and rodents. Non-LTR retrotransposons mobilize using an intermediary RNA and a copy-and-paste mechanism termed retrotransposition. Non-LTR retrotransposons are subdivided into long and short interspersed elements (LINEs and SINEs, respectively), depending on their size and autonomy; while active class 1 LINEs (LINE-1s or L1s) encode the enzymatic machinery required to mobilize in cis, active SINEs use the enzymatic machinery of active LINE-1s to mobilize in trans. The mobilization mechanism used by LINE-1s/SINEs was exploited to develop ingenious plasmid-based retrotransposition assays in cultured cells, which typically exploit a reporter gene that can only be activated after a round of retrotransposition. Retrotransposition assays, in cis or in trans, are instrumental tools to study the biology of mammalian LINE-1s and SINEs. In fact, these and other biochemical/genetic assays were used to uncover that endogenous mammalian LINE-1s/SINEs naturally retrotranspose during early embryonic development. However, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are typically used as a cellular model in these and other studies interrogating LINE-1/SINE expression/regulation during early embryogenesis. Thus, human and mouse ESCs represent an excellent model to understand how active retrotransposons are regulated and how their activity impacts the germline. Here, we describe robust and quantitative protocols to study human/mouse LINE-1 (in cis) and SINE (in trans) retrotransposition using (human and mice) ESCs. These protocols are designed to study the mobilization of active non-LTR retrotransposons in a cellular physiologically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garcia-Cañadas
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Sanchez-Luque
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "Lopez-Neyra" (IPBLN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Sanchez
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Johana Rojas
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose L Garcia Perez
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC)/University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, UK.
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15
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Puscheck EE, Ruden X, Singh A, Abdulhasan M, Ruden DM, Awonuga AO, Rappolee DA. Using high throughput screens to predict miscarriages with placental stem cells and long-term stress effects with embryonic stem cells. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:1014-1036. [PMID: 35979652 PMCID: PMC10108263 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A problem in developmental toxicology is the massive loss of life from fertilization through gastrulation, and the surprising lack of knowledge of causes of miscarriage. Half to two-thirds of embryos are lost, and environmental and genetic causes are nearly equal. Simply put, it can be inferred that this is a difficult period for normal embryos, but that environmental stresses may cause homeostatic responses that move from adaptive to maladaptive with increasing exposures. At the lower 50% estimate, miscarriage causes greater loss-of-life than all cancers combined or of all cardio- and cerebral-vascular accidents combined. Surprisingly, we do not know if miscarriage rates are increasing or decreasing. Overshadowed by the magnitude of miscarriages, are insufficient data on teratogenic or epigenetic imbalances in surviving embryos and their stem cells. Superimposed on the difficult normal trajectory for peri-gastrulation embryos are added malnutrition, hormonal, and environmental stresses. An overarching hypothesis is that high throughput screens (HTS) using cultured viable reporter embryonic and placental stem cells (e.g., embryonic stem cells [ESC] and trophoblast stem cells [TSC] that report status using fluorescent reporters in living cells) from the pre-gastrulation embryo will most rapidly test a range of hormonal, environmental, nutritional, drug, and diet supplement stresses that decrease stem cell proliferation and imbalance stemness/differentiation. A second hypothesis is that TSC respond with greater sensitivity in magnitude to stress that would cause miscarriage, but ESC are stress-resistant to irreversible stemness loss and are best used to predict long-term health defects. DevTox testing needs more ESC and TSC HTS to model environmental stresses leading to miscarriage or teratogenesis and more research on epidemiology of stress and miscarriage. This endeavor also requires a shift in emphasis on pre- and early gastrulation events during the difficult period of maximum loss by miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Puscheck
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Reproductive Stress 3M Inc, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan, USA
- Invia Fertility Clinics, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
| | - Ximena Ruden
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aditi Singh
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mohammed Abdulhasan
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Reproductive Stress 3M Inc, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan, USA
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Invia Fertility Clinics, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Awoniyi O Awonuga
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel A Rappolee
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Reproductive Stress 3M Inc, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan, USA
- Invia Fertility Clinics, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Program for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Perera M, Nissen SB, Proks M, Pozzi S, Monteiro RS, Trusina A, Brickman JM. Transcriptional heterogeneity and cell cycle regulation as central determinants of primitive endoderm priming. eLife 2022; 11:78967. [PMID: 35969041 PMCID: PMC9417417 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development cells acquire identity as they proliferate, implying that an intrinsic facet of cell fate choice requires coupling lineage decisions to cell division. How is the cell cycle regulated to promote or suppress heterogeneity and differentiation? We explore this question combining time lapse imaging with single-cell RNA-seq in the contexts of self-renewal, priming, and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) towards the Primitive Endoderm (PrE) lineage. Since ESCs are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mammalian blastocyst, ESCs in standard culture conditions are transcriptionally heterogeneous containing dynamically interconverting subfractions primed for either of the two ICM lineages, Epiblast and PrE. Here, we find that differential regulation of cell cycle can tip the balance between these primed populations, such that naïve ESC culture promotes Epiblast-like expansion and PrE differentiation stimulates the selective survival and proliferation of PrE-primed cells. In endoderm differentiation, this change is accompanied by a counter-intuitive increase in G1 length, also observed in vivo. While fibroblast growth factor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (FGF/ERK) signalling is a key regulator of ESC differentiation and PrE specification, we find it is not just responsible for ESCs heterogeneity, but also the inheritance of similar cell cycles between sisters and cousins. Taken together, our results indicate a tight relationship between transcriptional heterogeneity and cell cycle regulation in lineage specification, with primed cell populations providing a pool of flexible cell types that can be expanded in a lineage-specific fashion while allowing plasticity during early determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perera
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Proks
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Pozzi
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rita Soares Monteiro
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ala Trusina
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua M Brickman
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Tarazi S, Aguilera-Castrejon A, Joubran C, Ghanem N, Ashouokhi S, Roncato F, Wildschutz E, Haddad M, Oldak B, Gomez-Cesar E, Livnat N, Viukov S, Lokshtanov D, Naveh-Tassa S, Rose M, Hanna S, Raanan C, Brenner O, Kedmi M, Keren-Shaul H, Lapidot T, Maza I, Novershtern N, Hanna JH. Post-gastrulation synthetic embryos generated ex utero from mouse naive ESCs. Cell 2022; 185:3290-3306.e25. [PMID: 35988542 PMCID: PMC9439721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cultured stem cells with distinct developmental capacities can contribute to embryonic or extraembryonic tissues after microinjection into pre-implantation mammalian embryos. However, whether cultured stem cells can independently give rise to entire gastrulating embryo-like structures with embryonic and extraembryonic compartments remains unknown. Here, we adapt a recently established platform for prolonged ex utero growth of natural embryos to generate mouse post-gastrulation synthetic whole embryo models (sEmbryos), with both embryonic and extraembryonic compartments, starting solely from naive ESCs. This was achieved by co-aggregating non-transduced ESCs, with naive ESCs transiently expressing Cdx2 or Gata4 to promote their priming toward trophectoderm and primitive endoderm lineages, respectively. sEmbryos adequately accomplish gastrulation, advance through key developmental milestones, and develop organ progenitors within complex extraembryonic compartments similar to E8.5 stage mouse embryos. Our findings highlight the plastic potential of naive pluripotent cells to self-organize and functionally reconstitute and model the entire mammalian embryo beyond gastrulation. Advanced synthetic embryos (sEmbryos) self-assembled from ESCs in an ex utero setup Naive ESCs give rise to all embryonic and extraembryonic compartments in sEmbryos Post-gastrulation stem cell derived sEmbryos develop organ-specific progenitors Extraembryonic compartments adequately develop in post-gastrulation whole sEmbryos
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Tarazi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | | | - Carine Joubran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nadir Ghanem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shahd Ashouokhi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Francesco Roncato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Emilie Wildschutz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Montaser Haddad
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Bernardo Oldak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elidet Gomez-Cesar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Livnat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sergey Viukov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dmitry Lokshtanov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Segev Naveh-Tassa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Max Rose
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Suhair Hanna
- Department of Pediatrics, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Calanit Raanan
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Merav Kedmi
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tsvee Lapidot
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Itay Maza
- Gastroenterology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Noa Novershtern
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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18
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Roberts RM, Ezashi T, Temple J, Owen JR, Soncin F, Parast MM. The role of BMP4 signaling in trophoblast emergence from pluripotency. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:447. [PMID: 35877048 PMCID: PMC10243463 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway has established roles in early embryonic morphogenesis, particularly in the epiblast. More recently, however, it has also been implicated in development of extraembryonic lineages, including trophectoderm (TE), in both mouse and human. In this review, we will provide an overview of this signaling pathway, with a focus on BMP4, and its role in emergence and development of TE in both early mouse and human embryogenesis. Subsequently, we will build on these in vivo data and discuss the utility of BMP4-based protocols for in vitro conversion of primed vs. naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSC) into trophoblast, and specifically into trophoblast stem cells (TSC). PSC-derived TSC could provide an abundant, reproducible, and ethically acceptable source of cells for modeling placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
| | - Jasmine Temple
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Owen
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Soncin
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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19
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Ghazimoradi MH, Khalafizadeh A, Babashah S. A critical review on induced totipotent stem cells: Types and methods. Stem Cell Res 2022; 63:102857. [PMID: 35872523 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Totipotent stem cells are cells with the capacity to form an entire embryo. Many attempts have been made to convert other types of cells to totipotent stem cells which we called induced totipotent stem cells. Various aspects of these cells such as transcriptional and epigenetics networks are unique. By taking advantage of these aspects, efficient methods have been provided to induce totipotent stem cells. Although this advancement is significant, many aspects of induction such as the underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. On the other hand, embryonic stem cells usually are the source of induction which raise important questions regarding if these methods are induction or promotion of 2C intrinsic totipotent cells in ESC culture. Here, we review the latest mouse progress in underling mechanism of induction of totipotent stem cells. In addition, we follow up on the progress of Blastoids derived from totipotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Ghazimoradi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khalafizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Mohammad Gholami, Tarverdi A, Gholami A. The Effect of Vanillic Acid on Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Wistar Male Rats. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Filopodia rotate and coil by actively generating twist in their actin shaft. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1636. [PMID: 35347113 PMCID: PMC8960877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are actin-rich structures, present on the surface of eukaryotic cells. These structures play a pivotal role by allowing cells to explore their environment, generate mechanical forces or perform chemical signaling. Their complex dynamics includes buckling, pulling, length and shape changes. We show that filopodia additionally explore their 3D extracellular space by combining growth and shrinking with axial twisting and buckling. Importantly, the actin core inside filopodia performs a twisting or spinning motion which is observed for a range of cell types spanning from earliest development to highly differentiated tissue cells. Non-equilibrium physical modeling of actin and myosin confirm that twist is an emergent phenomenon of active filaments confined in a narrow channel which is supported by measured traction forces and helical buckles that can be ascribed to accumulation of sufficient twist. These results lead us to conclude that activity induced twisting of the actin shaft is a general mechanism underlying fundamental functions of filopodia. The authors show how tubular surface structures in all cell types, have the ability to twist and perform rotary sweeping motion to explore the extracellular environment. This has implications for migration, sensing and cell communication.
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22
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Zhang F, Pang C, Zhu H, Chen Y. Timely stimulation of early embryo promotes the acquisition of pluripotency. Cytometry A 2022; 101:682-691. [PMID: 35332996 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are both pluripotent stem cells from early embryos. Another type of pluripotent stem cells, which are similar with EpiSCs and derive from pre-implantation embryos in feeder-free and chemically defined medium containing Activin A and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF), is termed as AFSCs. The pluripotency and self-renewal maintenance of ESCs rely on Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/STAT/BMP4/SMAD signaling, while the pluripotency and self-renewal maintenance of EpiSCs and AFSCs rely on bFGF and Activin/Nodal signaling. However, the establishment efficiency of AFSCs lines is low. In this study, we stimulated early embryos by 2i/LIF (CHIR99021 + PD0325901 + LIF) and Activin A + bFGF respectively, to change the cell fate in inner cell mass (ICM). The "fate changed embryos" by 2i/LIF can efficiently produce AFSCs in feeder-free and chemically defined medium, but the efficiency of embryos treated with Activin A + bFGF were poor. The AFSCs from fate-changed embryos share similar molecular characteristics with conventional AFSCs and EpiSCs. Our results suggest that the advanced stimulation of 2i/LIF and the premature stimulation of Activin A + bFGF contribute to capturing the pluripotent stem cells in early embryos, and the FGF/MAPK signaling dominate early embryo development. Our study provides a new approach to capturing pluripotency from pre-implantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Zhang
- Southern Medical University Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changmiao Pang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyun Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanglin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Ren W, Gao L, Mou Y, Deng W, Hua J, Yang F. DUX: One Transcription Factor Controls 2-Cell-like Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042067. [PMID: 35216182 PMCID: PMC8877164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The double homeobox (Dux) gene, encoding a double homeobox transcription factor, is one of the key drivers of totipotency in mice. Recent studies showed Dux was temporally expressed at the 2-cell stage and acted as a transcriptional activator during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in embryos. A similar activation occurs in mouse embryonic stem cells, giving rise to 2-cell-like cells (2CLCs). Though the molecular mechanism underlying this expanded 2CLC potency caused by Dux activation has been partially revealed, the regulation mechanisms controlling Dux expression remain elusive. Here, we discuss the latest advancements in the multiple levels of regulation of Dux expression, as well as Dux function in 2CLCs transition, aiming to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the mechanisms that regulate totipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.R.); (L.G.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Leilei Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.R.); (L.G.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yaling Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.R.); (L.G.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wen Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.R.); (L.G.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: (W.D.); (F.Y.)
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.R.); (L.G.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.R.); (L.G.); (Y.M.); (J.H.)
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (W.D.); (F.Y.)
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24
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Pui HP, Deng Q. In Vitro Differentiation of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) into Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells (PGCLCs). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2490:213-233. [PMID: 35486249 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2281-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to generate primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) from murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has enabled in vitro investigation of the molecular mechanisms regulating this process without the use of a mouse model. Here we describe the procedures from the culture of ESCs to the detection of PGCLCs in the embryoid bodies (spheroids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Pin Pui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Wooldridge LK, Ealy AD. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Stimulates Primitive Endoderm Expansion in the Bovine Inner Cell Mass. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.796489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work determined that bovine interleukin-6 (IL6) increases inner cell mass (ICM), primitive endoderm (PE), and total cell number in in vitro produced (IVP) bovine blastocysts. Another IL6 family member, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), has the potential to produce the same effects of IL6 due to the presence of its receptor in bovine blastocysts. We compared the abilities of LIF and IL6 to increase ICM cell numbers in day 7, 8, and 9 IVP bovine blastocysts. Supplementation with 100 ng/ml LIF from day 5 onward improved blastocyst formation rates on days 7 and 8 similar to what was observed when supplementing 100 ng/ml IL6. However, LIF supplementation did not cause an increase in ICM numbers like was observed after supplementing IL6. On day 9, increases in PE cell numbers were detected after LIF supplementation, but 300 ng/ml LIF was required to achieve the same effect on PE numbers that was observed by providing 100 ng/ml IL6. Collectively, these results show that LIF can mimic at least some of the effects of IL6 in bovine blastocyst.
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26
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Yeh CY, Huang WH, Chen HC, Meir YJJ. Capturing Pluripotency and Beyond. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123558. [PMID: 34944066 PMCID: PMC8700150 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of a multicellular organism, the specification of different cell lineages originates in a small group of pluripotent cells, the epiblasts, formed in the preimplantation embryo. The pluripotent epiblast is protected from premature differentiation until exposure to inductive cues in strictly controlled spatially and temporally organized patterns guiding fetus formation. Epiblasts cultured in vitro are embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which recapitulate the self-renewal and lineage specification properties of their endogenous counterparts. The characteristics of totipotency, although less understood than pluripotency, are becoming clearer. Recent studies have shown that a minor ESC subpopulation exhibits expanded developmental potential beyond pluripotency, displaying a characteristic reminiscent of two-cell embryo blastomeres (2CLCs). In addition, reprogramming both mouse and human ESCs in defined media can produce expanded/extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs) similar to but different from 2CLCs. Further, the molecular roadmaps driving the transition of various potency states have been clarified. These recent key findings will allow us to understand eutherian mammalian development by comparing the underlying differences between potency network components during development. Using the mouse as a paradigm and recent progress in human PSCs, we review the epiblast's identity acquisition during embryogenesis and their ESC counterparts regarding their pluripotent fates and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Yeh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (W.-H.H.)
| | - Wei-Han Huang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (W.-H.H.)
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.Y.); (W.-H.H.)
- Limbal Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.C.); (Y.-J.J.M.)
| | - Yaa-Jyuhn James Meir
- Limbal Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-C.C.); (Y.-J.J.M.)
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27
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Mochizuki K, Sharif J, Shirane K, Uranishi K, Bogutz AB, Janssen SM, Suzuki A, Okuda A, Koseki H, Lorincz MC. Repression of germline genes by PRC1.6 and SETDB1 in the early embryo precedes DNA methylation-mediated silencing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7020. [PMID: 34857746 PMCID: PMC8639735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Silencing of a subset of germline genes is dependent upon DNA methylation (DNAme) post-implantation. However, these genes are generally hypomethylated in the blastocyst, implicating alternative repressive pathways before implantation. Indeed, in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), an overlapping set of genes, including germline "genome-defence" (GGD) genes, are upregulated following deletion of the H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB1 or subunits of the non-canonical PRC1 complex PRC1.6. Here, we show that in pre-implantation embryos and naïve ESCs (nESCs), hypomethylated promoters of germline genes bound by the PRC1.6 DNA-binding subunits MGA/MAX/E2F6 are enriched for RING1B-dependent H2AK119ub1 and H3K9me3. Accordingly, repression of these genes in nESCs shows a greater dependence on PRC1.6 than DNAme. In contrast, GGD genes are hypermethylated in epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs) and their silencing is dependent upon SETDB1, PRC1.6/RING1B and DNAme, with H3K9me3 and DNAme establishment dependent upon MGA binding. Thus, GGD genes are initially repressed by PRC1.6, with DNAme subsequently engaged in post-implantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Mochizuki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jafar Sharif
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Shirane
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kousuke Uranishi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aaron B Bogutz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanne M Janssen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ayumu Suzuki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okuda
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo ward, Chiba, Japan
| | - Matthew C Lorincz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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28
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Three-Dimensional Culture Systems for Dissecting Notch Signalling in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212473. [PMID: 34830355 PMCID: PMC8618738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems opened up new horizons in studying the biology of tissues and organs, modelling various diseases, and screening drugs. Producing accurate in vitro models increases the possibilities for studying molecular control of cell–cell and cell–microenvironment interactions in detail. The Notch signalling is linked to cell fate determination, tissue definition, and maintenance in both physiological and pathological conditions. Hence, 3D cultures provide new accessible platforms for studying activation and modulation of the Notch pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in different 3D culture systems, including spheroids, organoids, and “organ-on-a-chip” models, and their use in analysing the crucial role of Notch signalling in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, pathology, and regeneration.
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29
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Somatic Reprogramming-Above and Beyond Pluripotency. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112888. [PMID: 34831113 PMCID: PMC8616127 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells, having long been considered the fountain of youth, have caught the attention of many researchers from diverse backgrounds due to their capacity for unlimited self-renewal and potential to differentiate into all cell types. Over the past 15 years, the advanced development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has displayed an unparalleled potential for regenerative medicine, cell-based therapies, modeling human diseases in culture, and drug discovery. The transcription factor quartet (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) reprograms highly differentiated somatic cells back to a pluripotent state recapitulated embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in different aspects, including gene expression profile, epigenetic signature, and functional pluripotency. With the prior fruitful studies in SCNT and cell fusion experiments, iPSC finds its place and implicates that the differentiated somatic epigenome retains plasticity for re-gaining the pluripotency and further stretchability to reach a totipotency-like state. These achievements have revolutionized the concept and created a new avenue in biomedical sciences for clinical applications. With the advent of 15 years’ progress-making after iPSC discovery, this review is focused on how the current concept is established by revisiting those essential landmark studies and summarizing its current biomedical applications status to facilitate the new era entry of regenerative therapy.
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30
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Barooji YF, Hvid KG, Petitjean II, Brickman JM, Oddershede LB, Bendix PM. Changes in Cell Morphology and Actin Organization in Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured under Different Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112859. [PMID: 34831083 PMCID: PMC8616278 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular cytoskeleton provides the cell with a mechanical rigidity that allows mechanical interaction between cells and the extracellular environment. The actin structure plays a key role in mechanical events such as motility or the establishment of cell polarity. From the earliest stages of development, as represented by the ex vivo expansion of naïve embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the critical mechanical role of the actin structure is becoming recognized as a vital cue for correct segregation and lineage control of cells and as a regulatory structure that controls several transcription factors. Naïve ESCs have a characteristic morphology, and the ultrastructure that underlies this condition remains to be further investigated. Here, we investigate the 3D actin cytoskeleton of naïve mouse ESCs using super-resolution optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). We investigate the morphological, cytoskeletal, and mechanical changes in cells cultured in 2i or Serum/LIF media reflecting, respectively, a homogeneous preimplantation cell state and a state that is closer to embarking on differentiation. STORM imaging showed that the peripheral actin structure undergoes a dramatic change between the two culturing conditions. We also detected micro-rheological differences in the cell periphery between the cells cultured in these two media correlating well with the observed nano-architecture of the ESCs in the two different culture conditions. These results pave the way for linking physical properties and cytoskeletal architecture to cell morphology during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes F. Barooji
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.F.B.); (K.G.H.); (I.I.P.)
| | - Kasper G. Hvid
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.F.B.); (K.G.H.); (I.I.P.)
| | - Irene Istúriz Petitjean
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.F.B.); (K.G.H.); (I.I.P.)
| | - Joshua M. Brickman
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lene B. Oddershede
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.F.B.); (K.G.H.); (I.I.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.O.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Poul M. Bendix
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.F.B.); (K.G.H.); (I.I.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.O.); (P.M.B.)
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Building Pluripotency Identity in the Early Embryo and Derived Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082049. [PMID: 34440818 PMCID: PMC8391114 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion of two highly differentiated cells, an oocyte with a spermatozoon, gives rise to the zygote, a single totipotent cell, which has the capability to develop into a complete, fully functional organism. Then, as development proceeds, a series of programmed cell divisions occur whereby the arising cells progressively acquire their own cellular and molecular identity, and totipotency narrows until when pluripotency is achieved. The path towards pluripotency involves transcriptome modulation, remodeling of the chromatin epigenetic landscape to which external modulators contribute. Both human and mouse embryos are a source of different types of pluripotent stem cells whose characteristics can be captured and maintained in vitro. The main aim of this review is to address the cellular properties and the molecular signature of the emerging cells during mouse and human early development, highlighting similarities and differences between the two species and between the embryos and their cognate stem cells.
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Gupta R, Rao R, Johnston TR, Uong J, Yang DS, Lee TQ. Muscle stem cells and rotator cuff injury. JSES REVIEWS, REPORTS, AND TECHNIQUES 2021; 1:186-193. [PMID: 37588948 PMCID: PMC10426486 DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of reinjury after treatment of rotator cuff tears (RCTs) remains very high despite the variety of nonoperative treatments and the high volume of surgical interventions performed. Muscle stem cells (MuSCs), also known as satellite cells, have risen to the forefront of rotator cuff tear research as a potential adjuvant therapy to aid unsatisfactory surgical outcomes. MuSCs are adult stem cells exhibiting the capacity to proliferate and self-renew, both symmetrically and asymmetrically. As part of this niche, they have been shown to adopt an activated phenotype in response to musculoskeletal injury and decrease their cellular populations during aging, implicating them as key players in both pathologic and normal physiological processes. While commonly connected to the regenerative phase of muscle healing, MuSCs also have the potential to differentiate into adverse morphologies. For instance, if MuSCs differentiate into adipocytes, the ensuing fatty infiltration serves as an obstacle to proper muscle healing and has been associated with the failure of surgical management of RCTs. With the potential to both harm and heal, we have identified MuSCs as a key player in RCT repair. To better understand this dichotomy, the following review will identify key studies regarding the morphology, function, and behavior of MuSCs with respect to RCTs and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rohan Rao
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tyler R. Johnston
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Uong
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thay Q. Lee
- Congress Medical Foundation, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Szpila M, Humięcka M, Bożyk K, Paterczyk B, Suwińska A, Maleszewski M, Tarkowski AK. Attempts to obtain fully xenogeneic fetuses in rat ↔ mouse model†,‡. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:499-510. [PMID: 31511860 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The full-term development of the xenogeneic embryo in the uterus of the mother of different species is very restricted and can occur only in certain groups of closely related mammals. In the case of mouse ↔ rat chimeras, the interspecific uterine barrier is less hostile to interspecific chimeric fetuses. In current work, we tested the development of mouse and rat fetuses in uteri of females of the opposite species. We created chimeric mouse ↔ rat blastocysts by injection of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into eight-cell rat embryos and rat ESCs into eight-cell mouse embryos. Chimeras were transferred to the foster mothers of the opposite species. Despite a huge number of transferred embryos (>1000 in total for both variants), only one live fetus derived solely from the mouse ESCs was isolated at E13.5 from the rat uterus. All other fetuses and newborns were chimeric or were built only from the cells of the recipient embryo. We examined the possible reason for such an outcome and found that the xenogeneic fetuses are eliminated at the perigastrulation stage of development. Thus, we conclude that in the rat ↔ mouse combination even when extraembryonic tissues of the chimeric embryo are composed solely of the cells of the same species as the female to which embryos are transferred, the full-term development of the pure xenogeneic fetus is very unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szpila
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Humięcka
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bożyk
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bohdan Paterczyk
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Suwińska
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Maleszewski
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Tarkowski
- Department of Embryology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Janiszewski A, Georgolopoulos G, Balli M, Athanasouli P, Lluis F, Pasque V. Keep the fate: how chromatin regulators safeguard embryonic stem cell identity. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108437. [PMID: 33998023 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Segregation of cells that form the embryo from those that produce the surrounding extra-embryonic tissues is critical for early mammalian development, but the regulatory layers governing these first cell fate decisions remain poorly understood. Recent work in The EMBO Journal identifies two chromatin regulators, Hdac3 and Dax1, that synergistically restrict the developmental potential of mouse embryonic stem cells and act as a lineage barrier to primitive endoderm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Janiszewski
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO), Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Grigorios Georgolopoulos
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO), Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Balli
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paraskevi Athanasouli
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lluis
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Pasque
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO), Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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35
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Posfai E, Lanner F, Mulas C, Leitch HG. All models are wrong, but some are useful: Establishing standards for stem cell-based embryo models. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1117-1141. [PMID: 33979598 PMCID: PMC8185978 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed studies of the embryo allow an increasingly mechanistic understanding of development, which has proved of profound relevance to human disease. The last decade has seen in vitro cultured stem cell-based models of embryo development flourish, which provide an alternative to the embryo for accessible experimentation. However, the usefulness of any stem cell-based embryo model will be determined by how accurately it reflects in vivo embryonic development, and/or the extent to which it facilitates new discoveries. Stringent benchmarking of embryo models is thus an important consideration for this growing field. Here we provide an overview of means to evaluate both the properties of stem cells, the building blocks of most embryo models, as well as the usefulness of current and future in vitro embryo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Center for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla Mulas
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harry G Leitch
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
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36
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Dirks RAM, Thomas PC, Wu H, Jones RC, Stunnenberg HG, Marks H. A plug and play microfluidic platform for standardized sensitive low-input chromatin immunoprecipitation. Genome Res 2021; 31:919-933. [PMID: 33707229 PMCID: PMC8092002 DOI: 10.1101/gr.260745.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic profiling by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) has become a powerful tool for genome-wide identification of regulatory elements, for defining transcriptional regulatory networks, and for screening for biomarkers. However, the ChIP-seq protocol for low-input samples is laborious and time-consuming and suffers from experimental variation, resulting in poor reproducibility and low throughput. Although prototypic microfluidic ChIP-seq platforms have been developed, these are poorly transferable as they require sophisticated custom-made equipment and in-depth microfluidic and ChIP expertise, while lacking parallelization. To enable standardized, automated ChIP-seq profiling of low-input samples, we constructed microfluidic PDMS-based plates capable of performing 24 sensitive ChIP reactions within 30 min of hands-on time and 4.5 h of machine-running time. These disposable plates can be conveniently loaded into a widely available controller for pneumatics and thermocycling. In light of the plug and play (PnP) ChIP plates and workflow, we named our procedure PnP-ChIP-seq. We show high-quality ChIP-seq on hundreds to a few thousand of cells for all six post-translational histone modifications that are included in the International Human Epigenome Consortium set of reference epigenomes. PnP-ChIP-seq robustly detects epigenetic differences on promoters and enhancers between naive and more primed mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Furthermore, we used our platform to generate epigenetic profiles of rare subpopulations of mESCs that resemble the two-cell stage of embryonic development. PnP-ChIP-seq allows nonexpert laboratories worldwide to conveniently run robust, standardized ChIP-seq, whereas its high throughput, consistency, and sensitivity pave the way toward large-scale profiling of precious sample types such as rare subpopulations of cells or biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- René A M Dirks
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C Thomas
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert C Jones
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Marks
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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37
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Human ES Cell Culture Conditions Fail to Preserve the Mouse Epiblast State. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8818356. [PMID: 33828592 PMCID: PMC8004371 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8818356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) are the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of preimplantation embryos at embryonic day 3.5 (E3.5) and postimplantation embryos at E5.5-E7.5, respectively. Depending on their environment, PSCs can exist in the so-called naïve (ESCs) or primed (EpiSCs) states. Exposure to EpiSC or human ESC (hESC) culture condition can convert mESCs towards an EpiSC-like state. Here, we show that the undifferentiated epiblast state is however not stabilized in a sustained manner when exposing mESCs to hESC or EpiSC culture condition. Rather, prolonged exposure to EpiSC condition promotes a transition to a primitive streak- (PS-) like state via an unbiased epiblast-like intermediate. We show that the Brachyury-positive PS-like state is likely promoted by endogenous WNT signaling, highlighting a possible species difference between mouse epiblast-like stem cells and human Embryonic Stem Cells.
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38
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Interleukin-6 promotes primitive endoderm development in bovine blastocysts. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 21:3. [PMID: 33430761 PMCID: PMC7802221 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin-6 (IL6) was recently identified as an embryotrophic factor in bovine embryos, where it acts primarily to mediate inner cell mass (ICM) size. This work explored whether IL6 affects epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PE) development, the two embryonic lineages generated from the ICM after its formation. Nuclear markers for EPI (NANOG) and PE (GATA6) were used to differentiate the two cell types. Results Increases (P < 0.05) in total ICM cell numbers and PE cell numbers were detected in bovine blastocysts at day 8 and 9 post-fertilization after exposure to 100 ng/ml recombinant bovine IL6. Also, IL6 increased (P < 0.05) the number of undifferentiated ICM cells (cells containing both PE and EPI markers). The effects of IL6 on EPI cell numbers were inconsistent. Studies were also completed to explore the importance of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-dependent signaling in bovine PE cells. Definitive activation of STAT3, a downstream target for JAK2, was observed in PE cells. Also, pharmacological inhibition of JAK2 decreased (P < 0.05) PE cell numbers. Conclusions To conclude, IL6 manipulates ICM development after EPI/PE cell fates are established. The PE cells are the target for IL6, where a JAK-dependent signal is used to regulate PE numbers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12861-020-00235-z.
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Posfai E, Schell JP, Janiszewski A, Rovic I, Murray A, Bradshaw B, Yamakawa T, Pardon T, El Bakkali M, Talon I, De Geest N, Kumar P, To SK, Petropoulos S, Jurisicova A, Pasque V, Lanner F, Rossant J. Evaluating totipotency using criteria of increasing stringency. Nat Cell Biol 2021. [PMID: 33420491 DOI: 10.1101/2020.1103.1102.972893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to give rise to all of the differentiated cell types that build the conceptus, yet how to capture this property in vitro remains incompletely understood. Defining totipotency relies on a variety of assays of variable stringency. Here, we describe criteria to define totipotency. We explain how distinct criteria of increasing stringency can be used to judge totipotency by evaluating candidate totipotent cell types in mice, including early blastomeres and expanded or extended pluripotent stem cells. Our data challenge the notion that expanded or extended pluripotent states harbour increased totipotent potential relative to conventional embryonic stem cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Posfai
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - John Paul Schell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isidora Rovic
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Murray
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Bradshaw
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Yamakawa
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tine Pardon
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mouna El Bakkali
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irene Talon
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie De Geest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - San Kit To
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Petropoulos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Jurisicova
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Pasque
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Ming Wai Lau Center for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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40
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Posfai E, Schell JP, Janiszewski A, Rovic I, Murray A, Bradshaw B, Yamakawa T, Pardon T, El Bakkali M, Talon I, De Geest N, Kumar P, To SK, Petropoulos S, Jurisicova A, Pasque V, Lanner F, Rossant J. Evaluating totipotency using criteria of increasing stringency. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:49-60. [PMID: 33420491 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to give rise to all of the differentiated cell types that build the conceptus, yet how to capture this property in vitro remains incompletely understood. Defining totipotency relies on a variety of assays of variable stringency. Here, we describe criteria to define totipotency. We explain how distinct criteria of increasing stringency can be used to judge totipotency by evaluating candidate totipotent cell types in mice, including early blastomeres and expanded or extended pluripotent stem cells. Our data challenge the notion that expanded or extended pluripotent states harbour increased totipotent potential relative to conventional embryonic stem cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Posfai
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - John Paul Schell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Janiszewski
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isidora Rovic
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Murray
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Bradshaw
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Yamakawa
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tine Pardon
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mouna El Bakkali
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irene Talon
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie De Geest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - San Kit To
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Petropoulos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Jurisicova
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Pasque
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Ming Wai Lau Center for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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MLL1 Inhibition and Vitamin D Signaling Cooperate to Facilitate the Expanded Pluripotency State. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2659-2671.e6. [PMID: 31775036 PMCID: PMC9119704 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic establishment of histone modifications in early development coincides with programed cell fate restriction and loss of totipotency beyond the early blastocyst stage. Causal function of histone-modifying enzymes in this process remains to be defined. Here we show that inhibiting histone methyltransferase MLL1 reprograms naive embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to expanded pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs), with differentiation potential toward both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in vitro and in vivo. MLL1 inhibition or deletion upregulates gene signatures of early blastomere development. The function of MLL1 in restricting induction of EPSCs is mediated partly by Gc, which regulates cellular response to vitamin D signaling. Combined treatment of MLL1 inhibitor and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) cooperatively enhanced functionality of EPSCs, triggering an extended 2C-like state in vitro and robust totipotent-like property in vivo. Our study sheds light on interplay between epigenetics and vitamin D pathway in cell fate determination.
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42
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Riveiro AR, Brickman JM. From pluripotency to totipotency: an experimentalist's guide to cellular potency. Development 2020; 147:147/16/dev189845. [PMID: 32847824 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the pre-implantation mammalian blastocyst. At this point in time, the newly formed embryo is concerned with the generation and expansion of both the embryonic lineages required to build the embryo and the extra-embryonic lineages that support development. When used in grafting experiments, embryonic cells from early developmental stages can contribute to both embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages, but it is generally accepted that ESCs can give rise to only embryonic lineages. As a result, they are referred to as pluripotent, rather than totipotent. Here, we consider the experimental potential of various ESC populations and a number of recently identified in vitro culture systems producing states beyond pluripotency and reminiscent of those observed during pre-implantation development. We also consider the nature of totipotency and the extent to which cell populations in these culture systems exhibit this property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Redó Riveiro
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Joshua Mark Brickman
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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43
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Genet M, Torres-Padilla ME. The molecular and cellular features of 2-cell-like cells: a reference guide. Development 2020; 147:147/16/dev189688. [PMID: 32847823 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, two main cell culture models predominate pluripotent stem cell research: embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Thanks to their ability to contribute to and form all tissues within the body, ESCs and iPSCs have proven invaluable in understanding pluripotent states, early embryonic development and cell differentiation, as well as in devising strategies for regenerative medicine. Comparatively little is known about totipotency - a cellular state with greater developmental potential. In mice, only the zygote and the blastomeres of the 2-cell-stage embryo are truly totipotent, as they alone can develop to form the embryo and all of its supportive extra-embryonic tissues. However, the discovery of a rare subpopulation of cells in murine ESC cultures, possessing features of 2-cell embryo blastomeres and expanded cell fate potential, has provided a biochemically tractable model to enable the in vitro study of totipotency. Here, we summarize current known features of these 2-cell-like cells (2CLCs) in an effort to provide a reference for the community, and to clarify what we know about their identity so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Genet
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377, Germany
| | - Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377, Germany .,Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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44
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Huang B, Lu M, Galbraith M, Levine H, Onuchic JN, Jia D. Decoding the mechanisms underlying cell-fate decision-making during stem cell differentiation by random circuit perturbation. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200500. [PMID: 32781932 PMCID: PMC7482558 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells can precisely and robustly undergo cellular differentiation and lineage commitment, referred to as stemness. However, how the gene network underlying stemness regulation reliably specifies cell fates is not well understood. To address this question, we applied a recently developed computational method, random circuit perturbation (RACIPE), to a nine-component gene regulatory network (GRN) governing stemness, from which we identified robust gene states. Among them, four out of the five most probable gene states exhibit gene expression patterns observed in single mouse embryonic cells at 32-cell and 64-cell stages. These gene states can be robustly predicted by the stemness GRN but not by randomized versions of the stemness GRN. Strikingly, we found a hierarchical structure of the GRN with the Oct4/Cdx2 motif functioning as the first decision-making module followed by Gata6/Nanog. We propose that stem cell populations, instead of being viewed as all having a specific cellular state, can be regarded as a heterogeneous mixture including cells in various states. Upon perturbations by external signals, stem cells lose the capacity to access certain cellular states, thereby becoming differentiated. The new gene states and key parameters regulating transitions among gene states proposed by RACIPE can be used to guide experimental strategies to better understand differentiation and design reprogramming. The findings demonstrate that the functions of the stemness GRN is mainly determined by its well-evolved network topology rather than by detailed kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Mingyang Lu
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Madeline Galbraith
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jose N. Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Dongya Jia
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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45
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Saiz N, Mora-Bitria L, Rahman S, George H, Herder JP, Garcia-Ojalvo J, Hadjantonakis AK. Growth-factor-mediated coupling between lineage size and cell fate choice underlies robustness of mammalian development. eLife 2020; 9:e56079. [PMID: 32720894 PMCID: PMC7513828 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise control and maintenance of population size is fundamental for organismal development and homeostasis. The three cell types of the mammalian blastocyst are generated in precise proportions over a short time, suggesting a mechanism to ensure a reproducible outcome. We developed a minimal mathematical model demonstrating growth factor signaling is sufficient to guarantee this robustness and which anticipates an embryo's response to perturbations in lineage composition. Addition of lineage-restricted cells both in vivo and in silico, causes a shift of the fate of progenitors away from the supernumerary cell type, while eliminating cells using laser ablation biases the specification of progenitors toward the targeted cell type. Finally, FGF4 couples fate decisions to lineage composition through changes in local growth factor concentration, providing a basis for the regulative abilities of the early mammalian embryo whereby fate decisions are coordinated at the population level to robustly generate tissues in the right proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Saiz
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Laura Mora-Bitria
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shahadat Rahman
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Hannah George
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Jeremy P Herder
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
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46
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Yang J, Fu H, Tam C, Liu P. Expanded potential: the key to synthetic embryo? Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 64:72-77. [PMID: 32653814 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
How does an embryo acquire totipotency and develop into an adult is a fundamental scientific question. Stem cells derived from pre-implantation embryos or reprogrammed from somatic cells with totipotency features have been established. They have enriched molecular features, including transcription, epigenetic modification, chromatin structure and metabolism, similar to early embryos from 2 cell (2C) to morula. Functionally, they display a broader developmental potential to differentiate into cell types in the embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. The expanded developmental potential was further demonstrated by inducing these stem cells into embryo-like structures alone or aggregating with other embryo-derived stem cells. The synthetic embryo-like structures not only facilitate the dissection of key events in early embryonic development, but also serve as a model for investigating pregnancy related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Haifeng Fu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cheryl Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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47
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Hu K. On Mammalian Totipotency: What Is the Molecular Underpinning for the Totipotency of Zygote? Stem Cells Dev 2020; 28:897-906. [PMID: 31122174 PMCID: PMC6648208 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian zygote is described as a totipotent cell in the literature, but this characterization is elusive ignoring the molecular underpinnings. Totipotency can connote genetic totipotency, epigenetic totipotency, or the reprogramming capacity of a cell to epigenetic totipotency. Here, the implications of these concepts are discussed in the context of the properties of the zygote. Although genetically totipotent as any diploid somatic cell is, a zygote seems not totipotent transcriptionally, epigenetically, or functionally. Yet, a zygote may retain most of the key factors from its parental oocyte to reprogram an implanted differentiated genome or the zygote genome toward totipotency. This totipotent reprogramming process may extend to blastomeres in the two-cell-stage embryo. Thus, a revised alternative model of mammalian cellular totipotency is proposed, in which an epigenetically totipotent cell exists after the major embryonic genome activation and before the separation of the first two embryonic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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48
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Li R, Zhong C, Yu Y, Liu H, Sakurai M, Yu L, Min Z, Shi L, Wei Y, Takahashi Y, Liao HK, Qiao J, Deng H, Nuñez-Delicado E, Rodriguez Esteban C, Wu J, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Generation of Blastocyst-like Structures from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Cell Cultures. Cell 2020; 179:687-702.e18. [PMID: 31626770 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A single mouse blastomere from an embryo until the 8-cell stage can generate an entire blastocyst. Whether laboratory-cultured cells retain a similar generative capacity remains unknown. Starting from a single stem cell type, extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells, we established a 3D differentiation system that enabled the generation of blastocyst-like structures (EPS-blastoids) through lineage segregation and self-organization. EPS-blastoids resembled blastocysts in morphology and cell-lineage allocation and recapitulated key morphogenetic events during preimplantation and early postimplantation development in vitro. Upon transfer, some EPS-blastoids underwent implantation, induced decidualization, and generated live, albeit disorganized, tissues in utero. Single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that EPS-blastoids contained all three blastocyst cell lineages and shared transcriptional similarity with natural blastocysts. We also provide proof of concept that EPS-blastoids can be generated from adult cells via cellular reprogramming. EPS-blastoids provide a unique platform for studying early embryogenesis and pave the way to creating viable synthetic embryos by using cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cuiqing Zhong
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haisong Liu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Leqian Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zheying Min
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yulei Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Yuta Takahashi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hsin-Kai Liao
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jie Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongkui Deng
- University of Peking, 5 Yiheyuan Rd, Haidian Qu, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Estrella Nuñez-Delicado
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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49
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Ambrósio CE, Orlandin JR, Oliveira VC, Motta LCB, Pinto PAF, Pereira VM, Padoveze LR, Karam RG, Pinheiro ADO. Potential application of aminiotic stem cells in veterinary medicine. Anim Reprod 2020; 16:24-30. [PMID: 33299475 PMCID: PMC7720931 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2018-00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine stem cell biology has become one of the most interesting and more often studied subject. The amniotic membrane is the innermost layer of the fetal membranes and is considered a potential tool to treat many pathologies. It is used because it can be collected from discarded fetal material and is a rich source of stem cells with high proliferation and plasticity ratio capable of proliferating and differentiate in vitro. We propose to elucidate the characteristics and potencial clinical application of cells derived of amniotic membrane in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Rodrigues Orlandin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Cristina Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lina Castelo Branco Motta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla Avelino Ferreira Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vitória Mattos Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Ribeiro Padoveze
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Garcia Karam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra de Oliveira Pinheiro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
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50
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Nowak-Imialek M, Wunderlich S, Herrmann D, Breitschuh-Leibling S, Gohring G, Petersen B, Klein S, Baulain U, Lucas-Hahn A, Martin U, Niemann H. In Vitro and In Vivo Interspecies Chimera Assay Using Early Pig Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:118-133. [PMID: 32429746 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2019.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric pigs harboring organs derived from human stem cells are promising for patient-specific regenerative therapies. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can contribute to all cell types of the fetus, including germline after injection into embryos. However, ethical concerns prohibit testing human iPSCs in chimera assays. Here, we evaluated porcine embryos as hosts for an interspecies chimera assay using iPSCs from either cynomolgus monkeys (cyiPSCs) or mouse (miPSCs). To establish an in vitro culture system compatible for cyiPSCs and porcine embryos, we determined blastocyst development in eight different stem cell media. The highest developmental rates of blastocysts were achieved in Knockout Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 20% knockout serum replacement. We found that cyiPSCs injected into porcine embryos survived in vitro and were mostly located in the trophectoderm (TE). Instead, when miPSCs were injected into porcine embryos, the cells rapidly proliferated. The behavior of chimeras developed in vitro was recapitulated in vivo; cyiPSCs were observed in the TE, but not in the porcine epiblast. However, when miPSCs were injected into in vivo derived porcine embryos, mouse cells were found in both, the epiblast and TE. These results demonstrate that porcine embryos could be useful for evaluating the interspecies chimera-forming ability of iPSCs from different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nowak-Imialek
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wunderlich
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs-LEBAO, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Herrmann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany
| | | | - Gudrun Gohring
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Klein
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baulain
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Andrea Lucas-Hahn
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs-LEBAO, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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