1
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Slade L, Etheridge T, Szewczyk NJ. Consolidating multiple evolutionary theories of ageing suggests a need for new approaches to study genetic contributions to ageing decline. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102456. [PMID: 39153601 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of ageing remains a complex challenge for biogerontologists, but recent adaptations of evolutionary ageing theories offer a compelling lens in which to view both age-related molecular and physiological deterioration. Ageing is commonly associated with progressive declines in biochemical and molecular processes resulting from damage accumulation, yet the role of continued developmental gene activation is less appreciated. Natural selection pressures are at their highest in youthful periods to modify gene expression towards maximising reproductive capacity. After sexual maturation, selective pressure diminishes, subjecting individuals to maladaptive pleiotropic gene functions that were once beneficial for developmental growth but become pathogenic later in life. Due to this selective 'shadowing' in ageing, mechanisms to counter such hyper/hypofunctional genes are unlikely to evolve. Interventions aimed at targeting gene hyper/hypofunction during ageing might, therefore, represent an attractive therapeutic strategy. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers a strong model for post-reproductive mechanistic and therapeutic investigations, yet studies examining the mechanisms of, and countermeasures against, ageing decline largely intervene from larval stages onwards. Importantly, however, lifespan extending conditions frequently impair early-life fitness and fail to correspondingly increase healthspan. Here, we consolidate multiple evolutionary theories of ageing and discuss data supporting hyper/hypofunctional changes at a global molecular and functional level in C. elegans, and how classical lifespan-extension mutations alter these dynamics. The relevance of such mutant models for exploring mechanisms of ageing are discussed, highlighting that post-reproductive gene optimisation represents a more translatable approach for C. elegans research that is not constrained by evolutionary trade-offs. Where some genetic mutations in C. elegans that promote late-life health map accordingly with healthy ageing in humans, other widely used genetic mutations that extend worm lifespan are associated with life-limiting pathologies in people. Lifespan has also become the gold standard for quantifying 'ageing', but we argue that gerospan compression (i.e., 'healthier' ageing) is an appropriate goal for anti-ageing research, the mechanisms of which appear distinct from those regulating lifespan alone. There is, therefore, an evident need to re-evaluate experimental approaches to study the role of hyper/hypofunctional genes in ageing in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Slade
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, United States.
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2
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Matsuzaki T, Weistuch C, de Graff A, Dill KA, Balázsi G. Transcriptional drift in aging cells: A global decontroller. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401830121. [PMID: 39012826 PMCID: PMC11287169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401830121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As cells age, they undergo a remarkable global change: In transcriptional drift, hundreds of genes become overexpressed while hundreds of others become underexpressed. Using archetype modeling and Gene Ontology analysis on data from aging Caenorhabditis elegans worms, we find that the up-regulated genes code for sensory proteins upstream of stress responses and down-regulated genes are growth- and metabolism-related. We observe similar trends within human fibroblasts, suggesting that this process is conserved in higher organisms. We propose a simple mechanistic model for how such global coordination of multiprotein expression levels may be achieved by the binding of a single factor that concentrates with age in C. elegans. A key implication is that a cell's own responses are part of its aging process, so unlike wear-and-tear processes, intervention might be able to modulate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Matsuzaki
- Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, NY11794
| | - Corey Weistuch
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | | | - Ken A. Dill
- Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, NY11794
| | - Gábor Balázsi
- Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, NY11794
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, New York, NY11794
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, New York, NY11794
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3
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Zhao J, Jiang Y, Bi Y, Wei J. Antioxidant and Stress Resistance Properties of Flavonoids from Chinese Sea Buckthorn Leaves from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:763. [PMID: 39061832 PMCID: PMC11273727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has endowed Chinese sea buckthorn leaves with rich bioactivities. In this study, we investigated the bioactivity and stress resistance mechanisms of flavonoids derived from Chinese sea buckthorn leaves (FCL) native to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our analysis identified a total of 57 flavonoids, mainly flavonol glycosides, from FCL, of which 6 were novel flavonoids. Isorhamnetin glycosides, quercetin glycosides and kaempferol glycosides were the three most dominant classes of compounds in FCL. In particular, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside emerged as the most abundant compound. Our results showed that FCL possesses potent antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its ability to effectively scavenge DPPH free radicals and demonstrate ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) levels comparable to Trolox, a well-known antioxidant standard. Furthermore, FCL showed remarkable efficacy in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while enhancing the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in Caenorhabditis elegans, a widely used model organism. Mechanistically, we elucidated that FCL exerts its stress resistance effects by modulating of transcription factors DAF-16 and HSF-1 within the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway (IIS). Activation of these transcription factors orchestrates the expression of downstream target genes including sod-3, ctl-1, hsp16.2, and hsp12.6, thus enhancing the organism's ability to cope with stressors. Overall, our study highlights the rich reservoir of flavonoids in Chinese sea buckthorn leaves as promising candidates for natural medicines, due to their robust antioxidant properties and ability to enhance stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (Y.J.)
| | - Juan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.Z.); (Y.J.)
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4
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Li L, Li Y, Zeng K, Wang Q. Mercuric sulfide nanoparticles suppress the neurobehavioral functions of Caenorhabditis elegans through a Skp1-dependent mechanism. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114576. [PMID: 38458533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cinnabar is the naturally occurring mercuric sulfide (HgS) and concerns about its safety have been grown. However, the molecular mechanism of HgS-related neurotoxicity remains unclear. S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (Skp1), identified as the target protein of HgS, plays a crucial role in the development of neurological diseases. This study aims to investigate the neurotoxic effects and molecular mechanism of HgS based on Skp1 using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. We prepared the HgS nanoparticles and conducted a comparative analysis of neurobehavioral differences in both wild-type C. elegans (N2) and a transgenic strain of C. elegans (VC1241) with a knockout of the SKP1 homologous gene after exposure to HgS nanoparticles. Our results showed that HgS nanoparticles could suppress locomotion, defecation, egg-laying, and associative learning behaviors in N2 C. elegans, while no significant alterations were observed in the VC1241 C. elegans. Furthermore, we conducted a 4D label-free proteomics analysis and screened 504 key proteins significantly affected by HgS nanoparticles through Skp1. These proteins play pivotal roles in various pathways, including SNARE interactions in vesicular transport, TGF-beta signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, etc. In summary, HgS nanoparticles at high doses suppress the neurobehavioral functions of C. elegans through a Skp1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Kewu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Compatibility Toxicology, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, China.
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5
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Tumbapo S, Strudwick A, Stastna JJ, Harvey SC, Bloemink MJ. Moderate dietary restriction delays the onset of age-associated sarcopenia in Caenorhabditis elegans due to reduced myosin UNC-54 degradation. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 217:111900. [PMID: 38163472 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a gradual decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, is a major component of frailty in the elderly, with age, (lack of) exercise and diet found to be the major risk factors. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model of sarcopenia. Although many studies describe loss of muscle function in ageing C. elegans, surprisingly few report on the loss of muscle mass. Here, in order to quantify loss of muscle mass under various dietary restriction (DR) conditions, we used an internal GFP standard to determine levels of the major body wall muscle myosin (UNC-54) in transgenic unc-54::gfp worms over their lifespan. Myosin density linearly increased during the first week of adulthood and there was no significant effect of DR. In contrast, an exponential decrease in myosin density was seen during the second week of adulthood, with reduced rates of myosin loss for mild and medium DR compared to control. UNC-54 turnover rates, previously determined using pulse-labelling methods, correspond well with the t1/2 value found here for UNC-54-GFP using fluorescence (control t1/2 = 12.0 days), independently validating our approach. These data indicate that sarcopenia is delayed in worms under mild and medium DR due to a reduced rate of myosin UNC-54 degradation, thereby maintaining protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobha Tumbapo
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Strudwick
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Jana J Stastna
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Harvey
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, United Kingdom; Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke J Bloemink
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, United Kingdom.
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6
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Teuscher AC, Statzer C, Goyala A, Domenig SA, Schoen I, Hess M, Hofer AM, Fossati A, Vogel V, Goksel O, Aebersold R, Ewald CY. Longevity interventions modulate mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix homeostasis in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:276. [PMID: 38177158 PMCID: PMC10766642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional extracellular matrices (ECM) contribute to aging and disease. Repairing dysfunctional ECM could potentially prevent age-related pathologies. Interventions promoting longevity also impact ECM gene expression. However, the role of ECM composition changes in healthy aging remains unclear. Here we perform proteomics and in-vivo monitoring to systematically investigate ECM composition (matreotype) during aging in C. elegans revealing three distinct collagen dynamics. Longevity interventions slow age-related collagen stiffening and prolong the expression of collagens that are turned over. These prolonged collagen dynamics are mediated by a mechanical feedback loop of hemidesmosome-containing structures that span from the exoskeletal ECM through the hypodermis, basement membrane ECM, to the muscles, coupling mechanical forces to adjust ECM gene expression and longevity via the transcriptional co-activator YAP-1 across tissues. Our results provide in-vivo evidence that coordinated ECM remodeling through mechanotransduction is required and sufficient to promote longevity, offering potential avenues for interventions targeting ECM dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina C Teuscher
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Statzer
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Anita Goyala
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Seraina A Domenig
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Hess
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Alexander M Hofer
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Fossati
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, CA, USA
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Orcun Goksel
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, CH-8603, Switzerland.
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7
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Matsuzaki T, Weistuch C, de Graff A, Dill KA, Balázsi G. Transcriptional drift in aging cells: A global de-controller. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.21.568122. [PMID: 38045342 PMCID: PMC10690170 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
As cells age, they undergo a remarkable global change: In transcriptional drift, hundreds of genes become overexpressed while hundreds of others become underexpressed. Using archetype modeling and Gene Ontology analysis on data from aging Caenorhabditis elegans worms, we find that the upregulated genes code for sensory proteins upstream of stress responses and downregulated genes are growth- and metabolism-related. We propose a simple mechanistic model for how such global coordination of multi-protein expression levels may be achieved by the binding of a single ligand that concentrates with age. A key implication is that a cell's own responses are part of its aging process, so unlike for wear-and-tear processes, intervention might be able to modulate these effects.
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8
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Kumar AV, Mills J, Parker WM, Leitão JA, Rodriguez DI, Daigle SE, Ng C, Patel R, Aguilera JL, Johnson JR, Wong SQ, Lapierre LR. Lipid droplets modulate proteostasis, SQST-1/SQSTM1 dynamics, and lifespan in C. elegans. iScience 2023; 26:107960. [PMID: 37810233 PMCID: PMC10551902 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In several long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans strains, such as insulin/IGF-1 receptor daf-2 mutants, enhanced proteostatic mechanisms are accompanied by elevated intestinal lipid stores, but their role in longevity is unclear. Here, while determining the regulatory network of the selective autophagy receptor SQST-1/SQSTM1, we uncovered an important role for lipid droplets in proteostasis and longevity. Using genome-wide RNAi screening, we identified several SQST-1 modulators, including lipid droplets-associated and aggregation-prone proteins. Expansion of intestinal lipid droplets by silencing the conserved cytosolic triacylglycerol lipase gene atgl-1/ATGL enhanced autophagy, and extended lifespan. Notably, a substantial amount of ubiquitinated proteins were found on lipid droplets. Reducing lipid droplet levels exacerbated the proteostatic collapse when autophagy or proteasome function was compromised, and significantly reduced the lifespan of long-lived daf-2 animals. Altogether, our study uncovered a key role for lipid droplets in C. elegans as a proteostatic mediator that modulates ubiquitinated protein accumulation, facilitates autophagy, and promotes longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita V Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joslyn Mills
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Biology Department, Wheaton College, 26 E. Main Street, Norton, MA 02766, USA
| | - Wesley M Parker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joshua A Leitão
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Diego I Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Sandrine E Daigle
- New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 rue Providence, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
- Département de chimie et biochimie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Celeste Ng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Rishi Patel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joseph L Aguilera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joseph R Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Shi Quan Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Louis R Lapierre
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 rue Providence, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
- Département de chimie et biochimie, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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9
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Wang S, Lin D, Cao J, Wang L. APPA Increases Lifespan and Stress Resistance via Lipid Metabolism and Insulin/IGF-1 Signal Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13682. [PMID: 37761985 PMCID: PMC10531162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have proven that 1-acetyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl acetate (APPA) is a powerful antioxidant as a novel aldose reductase inhibitor independently synthesized by our laboratory; however, there is no current information on APPA's anti-aging mechanism. Therefore, this study examined the impact and mechanism of APPA's anti-aging and anti-oxidation capacity using the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The results demonstrated that APPA increases C. elegans' longevity without affecting the typical metabolism of Escherichia coli OP50 (OP50). APPA also had a non-toxic effect on C. elegans, increased locomotor ability, decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species, lipofuscin, and fat, and increased anti-stress capacity. QRT-PCR analysis further revealed that APPA upregulated the expression of antioxidant genes, including sod-3, gst-4, and hsp-16.2, and the critical downstream transcription factors, daf-16, skn-1, and hsf-1 of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor, daf-2. In addition, fat-6 and nhr-80 were upregulated. However, the APPA's life-prolonging effects were absent on the daf-2, daf-16, skn-1, and hsf-1 mutants implying that the APPA's life-prolonging mechanism depends on the insulin/IGF-1 signaling system. The transcriptome sequencing also revealed that the mitochondrial route was also strongly associated with the APPA life extension, consistent with mev-1 and isp-1 mutant life assays. These findings aid in the investigation of APPA's longevity extension mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.W.); (D.L.); (J.C.)
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10
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Park JYC, King A, Björk V, English BW, Fedintsev A, Ewald CY. Strategic outline of interventions targeting extracellular matrix for promoting healthy longevity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C90-C128. [PMID: 37154490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of interlinked proteins outside of cells, is an important component of the human body that helps maintain tissue architecture and cellular homeostasis. As people age, the ECM undergoes changes that can lead to age-related morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, ECM aging remains understudied in the field of geroscience. In this review, we discuss the core concepts of ECM integrity, outline the age-related challenges and subsequent pathologies and diseases, summarize diagnostic methods detecting a faulty ECM, and provide strategies targeting ECM homeostasis. To conceptualize this, we built a technology research tree to hierarchically visualize possible research sequences for studying ECM aging. This strategic framework will hopefully facilitate the development of future research on interventions to restore ECM integrity, which could potentially lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic interventions promoting health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aaron King
- Foresight Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Bradley W English
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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11
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Lee H, Lee SJV. Recent Progress in Regulation of Aging by Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cells 2022; 45:763-770. [PMID: 36380728 PMCID: PMC9676989 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a major model organism to identify genetic factors that regulate organismal aging and longevity. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF- 1) signaling (IIS) regulates aging in many species, ranging from nematodes to humans. C. elegans is a nonpathogenic genetic nematode model, which has been extensively utilized to identify molecular and cellular components that function in organismal aging and longevity. Here, we review the recent progress in the role of IIS in aging and longevity, which involves direct regulation of protein and RNA homeostasis, stress resistance, metabolism and the activities of the endocrine system. We also discuss recently identified genetic factors that interact with canonical IIS components to regulate aging and health span in C. elegans. We expect this review to provide valuable insights into understanding animal aging, which could eventually help develop anti-aging drugs for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae V. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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12
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Intestine-specific removal of DAF-2 nearly doubles lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans with little fitness cost. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6339. [PMID: 36284093 PMCID: PMC9596710 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-nine years following the breakthrough discovery that a single-gene mutation of daf-2 doubles Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan, it remains unclear where this insulin/IGF-1 receptor gene is expressed and where it acts to regulate ageing. Using knock-in fluorescent reporters, we determined that daf-2 and its downstream transcription factor daf-16 are expressed ubiquitously. Using tissue-specific targeted protein degradation, we determined that intracellular DAF-2-to-DAF-16 signaling in the intestine plays a major role in lifespan regulation, while that in the hypodermis, neurons, and germline plays a minor role. Notably, intestine-specific loss of DAF-2 activates DAF-16 in and outside the intestine, causes almost no adverse effects on development and reproduction, and extends lifespan by 94% in a way that partly requires non-intestinal DAF-16. Consistent with intestine supplying nutrients to the entire body, evidence from this and other studies suggests that altered metabolism, particularly down-regulation of protein and RNA synthesis, mediates longevity by reduction of insulin/IGF-1 signaling.
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13
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Khanijou JK, Yee Z, Raida M, Lee JM, Tay EZE, Gruber J, Walczyk T. Efficiency of Protein Renewal Is Limited by Feed Intake and Not by Protein Lifetime in Aging Caenorhabditis elegans. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2664-2686. [PMID: 36181456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein turnover maintains the proteome's functional integrity. Here, protein turnover efficiency over time in wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans was assessed using inverse [15N]-pulse labeling up to 7 days after the egg-laying phase at 20 °C. Isotopic analysis of some abundant proteins was executed favoring data quality over quantity for mathematical modeling. Surprisingly, isotopic enrichment over time reached an upper limit showing an apparent cessation of protein renewal well before death, with protein fractions inaccessible to turnover ranging from 14 to 83%. For life span modulation, worms were raised at different temperatures after egg laying. Mathematical modeling of isotopic enrichment points either to a slowdown of protein turnover or to an increasing protein fraction resistant to turnover with time. Most notably, the estimated time points of protein turnover cessation from our mathematical model were highly correlated with the observed median life span. Thrashing and pumping rates over time were linearly correlated with isotopic enrichment, therefore linking protein/tracer intake to protein turnover rate and protein life span. If confirmed, life span extension is possible by optimizing protein turnover rate through modulating protein intake in C. elegans and possibly other organisms. While proteome maintenance benefits from a high protein turnover rate, protein turnover is fundamentally energy-intensive, where oxidative stress contributes to damage that it is supposed to repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur Khanijou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Shared Analytics, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Zhuangli Yee
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Manfred Raida
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Jin Meng Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Evan Zhi En Tay
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Thomas Walczyk
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117543, Singapore
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14
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Axenic Culture of Caenorhabditis elegans Alters Lysosomal/Proteasomal Balance and Increases Neuropeptide Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911517. [PMID: 36232823 PMCID: PMC9570027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Axenically cultured C. elegans show many characteristic traits of worms subjected to dietary restriction, such as slowed development, reduced fertility, and increased stress resistance. Hence, the term axenic dietary restriction (ADR) is often applied. ADR dramatically extends the worm lifespan compared to other DR regimens such as bacterial dilution. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. The primary goal of this study is to comprehensively investigate transcriptional alterations that occur when worms are subjected to ADR and to estimate the molecular and physiological changes that may underlie ADR-induced longevity. One of the most enriched clusters of up-regulated genes under ADR conditions is linked to lysosomal activity, while proteasomal genes are significantly down-regulated. The up-regulation of genes specifically involved in amino acid metabolism is likely a response to the high peptide levels found in axenic culture medium. Genes related to the integrity and function of muscles and the extracellular matrix are also up-regulated. Consistent down-regulation of genes involved in DNA replication and repair may reflect the reduced fertility phenotype of ADR worms. Neuropeptide genes are found to be largely up-regulated, suggesting a possible involvement of neuroendocrinal signaling in ADR-induced longevity. In conclusion, axenically cultured worms seem to rely on increased amino acid catabolism, relocate protein breakdown from the cytosol to the lysosomes, and do not invest in DNA maintenance but rather retain muscle integrity and the extracellular matrix. All these changes may be coordinated by peptidergic signaling.
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15
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Tan L, Zheng ZY, Huang L, Jin Z, Li SL, Wu GS, Luo HR. Flavonol glycoside complanatoside A requires FOXO/DAF-16, NRF2/SKN-1, and HSF-1 to improve stress resistances and extend the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:931886. [PMID: 36071837 PMCID: PMC9441740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.931886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with the increased risk of most age-related diseases in humans. Complanatoside A (CA) is a flavonoid compound isolated from the herbal medicine Semen Astragali Complanati. CA was reported to have potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In this study, we investigated whether CA could increase the stress resistance capability and life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results showed that CA could extend the longevity of C. elegans in a dosage-dependent manner, while 50 μM of CA has the best effect and increased the life span of C. elegans by about 16.87%. CA also improved the physiological functions in aging worms, such as enhanced locomotor capacity, and reduced the accumulation of the aging pigment. CA could also reduce the accumulation of toxic proteins (α-synuclein and β-amyloid) and delay the onset of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, in models of C. elegans. Further investigation has revealed that CA requires DAF-16/FOXO, SKN-1, and HSF-1 to extend the life span of C. elegans. CA could increase the antioxidation and detoxification activities regulated by transcription factor SKN-1 and the heat resistance by activating HSF-1 that mediated the expression of the chaperone heat shock proteins. Our results suggest that CA is a potential antiaging agent worth further research for its pharmacological mechanism and development for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guang’an People’s Hospital, Guang’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lv Huang
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhong Jin
- Luzhou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Su-Lian Li
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Gui-Sheng Wu, ; Huai-Rong Luo,
| | - Huai-Rong Luo
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Gui-Sheng Wu, ; Huai-Rong Luo,
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16
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Amorim JA, Coppotelli G, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Ross JM, Sinclair DA. Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:243-258. [PMID: 35145250 PMCID: PMC9059418 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organismal ageing is accompanied by progressive loss of cellular function and systemic deterioration of multiple tissues, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. Mitochondria have become recognized not merely as being energy suppliers but also as having an essential role in the development of diseases associated with ageing, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that ageing and age-related diseases are tightly related to an energy supply and demand imbalance, which might be alleviated by a variety of interventions, including physical activity and calorie restriction, as well as naturally occurring molecules targeting conserved longevity pathways. Here, we review key historical advances and progress from the past few years in our understanding of the role of mitochondria in ageing and age-related metabolic diseases. We also highlight emerging scientific innovations using mitochondria-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A Amorim
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jaime M Ross
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Zečić A, Dhondt I, Braeckman BP. Accumulation of Glycogen and Upregulation of LEA-1 in C. elegans daf-2(e1370) Support Stress Resistance, Not Longevity. Cells 2022; 11:245. [PMID: 35053361 PMCID: PMC8773926 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DAF-16-dependent activation of a dauer-associated genetic program in the C. elegans insulin/IGF-1 daf-2(e1370) mutant leads to accumulation of large amounts of glycogen with concomitant upregulation of glycogen synthase, GSY-1. Glycogen is a major storage sugar in C. elegans that can be used as a short-term energy source for survival, and possibly as a reservoir for synthesis of a chemical chaperone trehalose. Its role in mitigating anoxia, osmotic and oxidative stress has been demonstrated previously. Furthermore, daf-2 mutants show increased abundance of the group 3 late embryogenesis abundant protein LEA-1, which has been found to act in synergy with trehalose to exert its protective role against desiccation and heat stress in vitro, and to be essential for desiccation tolerance in C. elegans dauer larvae. Here we demonstrate that accumulated glycogen is not required for daf-2 longevity, but specifically protects against hyperosmotic stress, and serves as an important energy source during starvation. Similarly, lea-1 does not act to support daf-2 longevity. Instead, it contributes to increased resistance of daf-2 mutants to heat, osmotic, and UV stress. In summary, our experimental results suggest that longevity and stress resistance can be uncoupled in IIS longevity mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bart P. Braeckman
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.Z.); (I.D.)
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18
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Jiang S, Jiang CP, Cao P, Liu YH, Gao CH, Yi XX. Sonneradon A Extends Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by Modulating Mitochondrial and IIS Signaling Pathways. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010059. [PMID: 35049915 PMCID: PMC8778700 DOI: 10.3390/md20010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is related to the lowered overall functioning and increased risk for various age-related diseases in humans. Sonneradon A (SDA), a new compound first extracted from the edible fruits of mangrove Sonneratia apetala, showed remarkable antiaging activity. However, the role of SDA in antiaging remains unclear. In this article, we studied the function of SDA in antiaging by using the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Results showed that SDA inhibited production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 53%, and reduced the accumulation of aging markers such as lipids and lipofuscins. Moreover, SDA also enhanced the innate immune response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Genetic analysis of a series of mutants showed that SDA extended the lifespan of the mutants of eat-2 and glp-1. Together, this effect may be related to the enhanced resistance to oxidative stress via mitochondrial and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling (IIS) pathways. The results of this study provided new evidence for an antiaging effect of SDA in C. elegans, as well as insights into the implication of antiaging activity of SDA in higher organisms.
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19
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Transcriptome Analysis of Insulin Signaling-Associated Transcription Factors in C. elegans Reveal Their Genome-Wide Target Genes Specificity and Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212462. [PMID: 34830338 PMCID: PMC8618238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) plays a crucial, conserved role in development, growth, reproduction, stress tolerance, and longevity. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the enhanced longevity under reduced insulin signaling (rIIS) is primarily regulated by the transcription factors (TFs) DAF-16/FOXO, SKN-1/Nrf-1, and HSF1/HSF-1. The specific and coordinated regulation of gene expression by these TFs under rIIS has not been comprehensively elucidated. Here, using RNA-sequencing analysis, we report a systematic study of the complexity of TF-dependent target gene interactions during rIIS under analogous genetic and experimental conditions. We found that DAF-16 regulates only a fraction of the C. elegans transcriptome but controls a large set of genes under rIIS; SKN-1 and HSF-1 show the opposite trend. Both of the latter TFs function as activators and repressors to a similar extent, while DAF-16 is predominantly an activator. For expression of the genes commonly regulated by TFs under rIIS conditions, DAF-16 is the principal determining factor, dominating over the other two TFs, irrespective of whether they activate or repress these genes. The functional annotations and regulatory networks presented in this study provide novel insights into the complexity of the gene regulatory networks downstream of the IIS pathway that controls diverse phenotypes, including longevity.
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20
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Dhondt I, Verschuuren C, Zečić A, Loier T, Braeckman BP, De Vos WH. Prediction of biological age by morphological staging of sarcopenia in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:272684. [PMID: 34723324 PMCID: PMC8649172 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia encompasses a progressive decline in muscle quantity and quality. Given its close association with ageing, it may represent a valuable healthspan marker. The commonalities with human muscle structure and facile visualization possibilities make Caenorhabditis elegans an attractive model for studying the relationship between sarcopenia and healthspan. However, classical visual assessment of muscle architecture is subjective and has low throughput. To resolve this, we have developed an image analysis pipeline for the quantification of muscle integrity in confocal microscopy images from a cohort of ageing myosin::GFP reporter worms. We extracted a variety of morphological descriptors and found a subset to scale linearly with age. This allowed establishing a linear model that predicts biological age from a morphological muscle signature. To validate the model, we evaluated muscle architecture in long-lived worms that are known to experience delayed sarcopenia by targeted knockdown of the daf-2 gene. We conclude that quantitative microscopy allows for staging sarcopenia in C. elegans and may foster the development of image-based screens in this model organism to identify modulators that mitigate age-related muscle frailty and thus improve healthspan. Summary: A tool for quantitative image analysis of muscle deterioration that allows predicting healthspan in the nematode model Caenorhabditis elegans and may lead to the first C. elegans-based high-throughput sarcopenia screening platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Dhondt
- Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clara Verschuuren
- Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Zečić
- Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Loier
- Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart P Braeckman
- Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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21
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Blagosklonny MV. DNA- and telomere-damage does not limit lifespan: evidence from rapamycin. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3167-3175. [PMID: 33578394 PMCID: PMC7906135 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Failure of rapamycin to extend lifespan in DNA repair mutant and telomerase-knockout mice, while extending lifespan in normal mice, indicates that neither DNA damage nor telomere shortening limits normal lifespan or causes normal aging.
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22
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Mendenhall AR, Martin GM, Kaeberlein M, Anderson RM. Cell-to-cell variation in gene expression and the aging process. GeroScience 2021; 43:181-196. [PMID: 33595768 PMCID: PMC8050212 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is tremendous variation in biological traits, and much of it is not accounted for by variation in DNA sequence, including human diseases and lifespan. Emerging evidence points to differences in the execution of the genetic program as a key source of variation, be it stochastic variation or programmed variation. Here we discuss variation in gene expression as an intrinsic property and how it could contribute to variation in traits, including the rate of aging. The review is divided into sections describing the historical context and evidence to date for nongenetic variation, the different approaches that may be used to detect nongenetic variation, and recent findings showing that the amount of variation in gene expression can be both genetically programmed and epigenetically controlled. Finally, we present evidence that changes in cell-to-cell variation in gene expression emerge as part of the aging process and may be linked to disease vulnerability as a function of age. These emerging concepts are likely to be important across the spectrum of biomedical research and may well underpin what we understand as biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Mendenhall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Nathan Shock Center for Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Nathan Shock Center for Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Nathan Shock Center for Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rozalyn M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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23
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Build-UPS and break-downs: metabolism impacts on proteostasis and aging. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:505-521. [PMID: 33398091 PMCID: PMC7862225 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of metabolism elicits cellular stress which profoundly modulates the cellular proteome and thus protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Consequently, changes in the cellular proteome due to metabolic shift require adaptive mechanisms by molecular protein quality control. The mechanisms vitally controlling proteostasis embrace the entire life cycle of a protein involving translational control at the ribosome, chaperone-assisted native folding, and subcellular sorting as well as proteolysis by the proteasome or autophagy. While metabolic imbalance and proteostasis decline have been recognized as hallmarks of aging and age-associated diseases, both processes are largely considered independently. Here, we delineate how proteome stability is governed by insulin/IGF1 signaling (IIS), mechanistic target of Rapamycin (TOR), 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and NAD-dependent deacetylases (Sir2-like proteins known as sirtuins). This comprehensive overview is emphasizing the regulatory interconnection between central metabolic pathways and proteostasis, indicating the relevance of shared signaling nodes as targets for future therapeutic interventions. ![]()
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24
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de Graff AMR, Mosedale DE, Sharp T, Dill KA, Grainger DJ. Proteostasis is adaptive: Balancing chaperone holdases against foldases. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008460. [PMID: 33315891 PMCID: PMC7769611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because a cell must adapt to different stresses and growth rates, its proteostasis system must too. How do cells detect and adjust proteome folding to different conditions? Here, we explore a biophysical cost-benefit principle, namely that the cell should keep its proteome as folded as possible at the minimum possible energy cost. This can be achieved by differential expression of chaperones–balancing foldases (which accelerate folding) against holdases (which act as parking spots). The model captures changes in the foldase-holdase ratio observed both within organisms during aging and across organisms of varying metabolic rates. This work describes a simple biophysical mechanism by which cellular proteostasis adapts to meet the needs of a changing growth environment. Cells must maintain low levels of protein unfolding to avoid deleterious outcomes such as protein aggregation, oxidative damage, or premature degradation. The proteins responsible for this, called chaperones, come in two main varieties: ATP-consuming “foldases” that help clients fold and ATP-independent “holdases” that hold unfolded proteins until a foldase arrives. While foldases are necessary for folding, they are expensive to have in high quantities. Given that chaperones are abundant and costly, cells are under strong selective pressure to find economical combinations of foldases and holdases for maintaining low levels of unfolded protein. Yet, it is presently unclear what the ideal combination is and how it varies with growth conditions. By examining a toy model of chaperone function and minimizing the total cost of folding at different rates of protein synthesis, we find that while foldases are necessary at fast growth, holdases become increasingly effective at slow growth. Unexpectedly, total chaperone requirements were predicted to increase as synthesis slows, consistent with observations across age in worms, as well as across species with varying metabolic rates. This work thus provides a general framework for understanding the chaperone requirements of a proteome in terms of an energy minimization principle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tilly Sharp
- Methuselah Health UK Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken A. Dill
- Laufer Center for Physical & Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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25
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Basisty N, Holtz A, Schilling B. Accumulation of "Old Proteins" and the Critical Need for MS-based Protein Turnover Measurements in Aging and Longevity. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1800403. [PMID: 31408259 PMCID: PMC7015777 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging and age-related diseases are accompanied by proteome remodeling and progressive declines in cellular machinery required to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis), such as autophagy, ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and protein synthesis. While many studies have focused on capturing changes in proteostasis, the identification of proteins that evade these cellular processes has recently emerged as an approach to studying the aging proteome. With advances in proteomic technology, it is possible to monitor protein half-lives and protein turnover at the level of individual proteins in vivo. For large-scale studies, these technologies typically include the use of stable isotope labeling coupled with MS and comprehensive assessment of protein turnover rates. Protein turnover studies have revealed groups of highly relevant long-lived proteins (LLPs), such as the nuclear pore complexes, extracellular matrix proteins, and protein aggregates. Here, the role of LLPs during aging and age-related diseases and the methods used to identify and quantify their changes are reviewed. The methods available to conduct studies of protein turnover, used in combination with traditional proteomic methods, will enable the field to perform studies in a systems biology context, as changes in proteostasis may not be revealed in studies that solely measure differential protein abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Holtz
- The Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovatoCAUSA
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27
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Mitochondria in the signaling pathways that control longevity and health span. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 54:100940. [PMID: 31415807 PMCID: PMC7479635 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological intervention studies have identified evolutionarily conserved and functionally interconnected networks of cellular energy homeostasis, nutrient-sensing, and genome damage response signaling pathways, as prominent regulators of longevity and health span in various species. Mitochondria are the primary sites of ATP production and are key players in several other important cellular processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction diminishes tissue and organ functional performance and is a commonly considered feature of the aging process. Here we review the evidence that through reciprocal and multilevel functional interactions, mitochondria are implicated in the lifespan modulation function of these pathways, which altogether constitute a highly dynamic and complex system that controls the aging process. An important characteristic of these pathways is their extensive crosstalk and apparent malleability to modification by non-invasive pharmacological, dietary, and lifestyle interventions, with promising effects on lifespan and health span in animal models and potentially also in humans.
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Wu G, Wang Y, Yang Y, Shi Y, Sun J, Xu Y, Luo T, Le G. Dietary Methionine Restriction Upregulates Endogenous H 2 S via miR-328-3p: A Potential Mechanism to Improve Liver Protein Metabolism Efficiency in a Mouse Model of High-fat-diet-induced Obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800735. [PMID: 30512228 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary methionine restriction (MR) promotes multifaceted health benefits. Moreover, lower rate of protein synthesis by dietary MR is associated with life span extension. The goal of this work is to explore how dietary MR would affect protein metabolism in a mouse model of high-fat-diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS AND RESULTS DIO mice (male C57BL/6) are subjected to dietary MR for 22 weeks. High-throughput sequencing technology, qRT-PCR analysis, and the dual luciferase reporter assay are performed to verify that MiR-328-3p directly targets cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) to modulate endogenous H2 S production. Moreover, indicators of endogenous H2 S, fractional synthesis rate (FSR), fractional growth rate (FGR), fractional degradation rate (FDR), and protein retention efficiency (PRE) are analyzed. MR results in an increase in endogenous H2 S to relieve oxidative stress and ER stress to improve protein homeostasis and metabolic efficiency in DIO mice. CONCLUSION Results show that dietary MR increases endogenous H2 S production via miR-328-3p. Furthermore, these results suggest the potential involvement of endogenous H2 S on the efficiency of protein metabolism in dietary MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yunchong Xu
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Tingyu Luo
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.,Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
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Denzel MS, Lapierre LR, Mack HID. Emerging topics in C. elegans aging research: Transcriptional regulation, stress response and epigenetics. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 177:4-21. [PMID: 30134144 PMCID: PMC6696993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Key discoveries in aging research have been made possible with the use of model organisms. Caenorhabditis elegans is a short-lived nematode that has become a well-established system to study aging. The practicality and powerful genetic manipulations associated with this metazoan have revolutionized our ability to understand how organisms age. 25 years after the publication of the discovery of the daf-2 gene as a genetic modifier of lifespan, C. elegans remains as relevant as ever in the quest to understand the process of aging. Nematode aging research has proven useful in identifying transcriptional regulators, small molecule signals, cellular mechanisms, epigenetic modifications associated with stress resistance and longevity, and lifespan-extending compounds. Here, we review recent discoveries and selected topics that have emerged in aging research using this incredible little worm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Denzel
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Louis R Lapierre
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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30
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C. elegans Eats Its Own Intestine to Make Yolk Leading to Multiple Senescent Pathologies. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2544-2556.e5. [PMID: 30100339 PMCID: PMC6108400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging (senescence) is characterized by the development of numerous pathologies, some of which limit lifespan. Key to understanding aging is discovery of the mechanisms (etiologies) that cause senescent pathology. In C. elegans, a major senescent pathology of unknown etiology is atrophy of its principal metabolic organ, the intestine. Here we identify a cause of not only this pathology but also of yolky lipid accumulation and redistribution (a form of senescent obesity): autophagy-mediated conversion of intestinal biomass into yolk. Inhibiting intestinal autophagy or vitellogenesis rescues both visceral pathologies and can also extend lifespan. This defines a disease syndrome leading to multimorbidity and contributing to late-life mortality. Activation of gut-to-yolk biomass conversion by insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) promotes reproduction and senescence. This illustrates how major, IIS-promoted senescent pathologies in C. elegans can originate not from damage accumulation but from direct effects of futile, continued action of a wild-type biological program (vitellogenesis). C. elegans consume their own intestine to synthesize yolk and promote reproduction This causes diseases of aging, including atrophy of the intestine and yolk steatosis Intestinal senescence in C. elegans is promoted by autophagy Here destructive run-on of wild-type biological programs causes senescent pathologies
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31
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Mergoud dit Lamarche A, Molin L, Pierson L, Mariol M, Bessereau J, Gieseler K, Solari F. UNC-120/SRF independently controls muscle aging and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12713. [PMID: 29314608 PMCID: PMC5847867 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is commonly defined as the loss of global homeostasis, which results from progressive alteration of all organs function. This model is currently challenged by recent data showing that interventions that extend lifespan do not always increase the overall fitness of the organism. These data suggest the existence of tissue-specific factors that regulate the pace of aging in a cell-autonomous manner. Here, we investigated aging of Caenorhabditis elegans striated muscles at the subcellular and the physiological level. Our data show that muscle aging is characterized by a dramatic decrease in the expression of genes encoding proteins required for muscle contraction, followed by a change in mitochondria morphology, and an increase in autophagosome number. Myofilaments, however, remain unaffected during aging. We demonstrated that the conserved transcription factor UNC-120/SRF regulates muscle aging biomarkers. Interestingly, the role of UNC-120/SRF in the control of muscle aging can be dissociated from its broader effect on lifespan. In daf-2/insulin/IGF1 receptor mutants, which exhibit a delayed appearance of muscle aging biomarkers and are long-lived, disruption of unc-120 accelerates muscle aging but does not suppress the lifespan phenotype of daf-2 mutant. Conversely, unc-120 overexpression delays muscle aging but does not increase lifespan. Overall, we demonstrate that UNC-120/SRF controls the pace of muscle aging in a cell-autonomous manner downstream of the insulin/IGF1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Mergoud dit Lamarche
- University of LyonUniversity of Lyon1 Claude Bernard Lyon1NeuroMyoGene InstituteCNRS UMR5310INSERM U1217LyonFrance
| | - Laurent Molin
- University of LyonUniversity of Lyon1 Claude Bernard Lyon1NeuroMyoGene InstituteCNRS UMR5310INSERM U1217LyonFrance
| | - Laura Pierson
- University of LyonUniversity of Lyon1 Claude Bernard Lyon1NeuroMyoGene InstituteCNRS UMR5310INSERM U1217LyonFrance
| | - Marie‐Christine Mariol
- University of LyonUniversity of Lyon1 Claude Bernard Lyon1NeuroMyoGene InstituteCNRS UMR5310INSERM U1217LyonFrance
| | - Jean‐Louis Bessereau
- University of LyonUniversity of Lyon1 Claude Bernard Lyon1NeuroMyoGene InstituteCNRS UMR5310INSERM U1217LyonFrance
- Hospices Civils de LyonFaculté de Médecine Lyon EstLyonFrance
| | - Kathrin Gieseler
- University of LyonUniversity of Lyon1 Claude Bernard Lyon1NeuroMyoGene InstituteCNRS UMR5310INSERM U1217LyonFrance
| | - Florence Solari
- University of LyonUniversity of Lyon1 Claude Bernard Lyon1NeuroMyoGene InstituteCNRS UMR5310INSERM U1217LyonFrance
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32
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Nichenametla SN, Mattocks DAL, Malloy VL, Pinto JT. Sulfur amino acid restriction-induced changes in redox-sensitive proteins are associated with slow protein synthesis rates. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1418:80-94. [PMID: 29377163 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying life span extension by sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) are unclear. Cysteine and methionine are essential for the biosynthesis of proteins and glutathione (GSH), a major redox buffer in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We hypothesized that SAAR alters protein synthesis by modulating the redox milieu. Male F344-rats were fed control (CD: 0.86% methionine without cysteine) and SAAR diets (0.17% methionine without cysteine) for 12 weeks. Growth rates, food intake, cysteine and GSH levels, proteins associated with redox status and translation, and fractional protein synthesis rates (FSRs) were determined in liver. Despite a 40% higher food intake, growth rates for SAAR rats were 27% of those fed CD. Hepatic free cysteine in SAAR rats was 55% compared with CD rats. SAAR altered tissue distribution of GSH, as hepatic and erythrocytic levels were 56% and 196% of those in CD rats. Lower GSH levels did not induce ER stress (i.e., unchanged expression of Xbp1s , Chop, and Grp78), but activated PERK and its substrates eIF2-α and NRF2. SAAR-induced changes in translation-initiation machinery (higher p-eIF2-α and 4E-BP1, and lower eIF4G-1) resulted in slower protein synthesis rates (53% of CD). Proteins involved in the antioxidant response (NRF2, KEAP1, GCLM, and NQO1) and protein folding (PDI and ERO1-α) were increased in SAAR. Lower FSR and efficient protein folding might be improving proteostasis in SAAR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Virginia L Malloy
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring, New York
| | - John T Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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33
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Lysine-Less Variants of Spinal Muscular Atrophy SMN and SMNΔ7 Proteins Are Degraded by the Proteasome Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122667. [PMID: 29292768 PMCID: PMC5751269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is due to mutations affecting the SMN1 gene coding for the full-length protein (survival motor neuron; SMN) and the SMN2 gene that preferentially generates an exon 7-deleted protein (SMNΔ7) by alternative splicing. To study SMN and SMNΔ7 degradation in the cell, we have used tagged versions at the N- (Flag) or C-terminus (V5) of both proteins. Transfection of those constructs into HeLa cells and treatment with cycloheximide showed that those protein constructs were degraded. Proteasomal degradation usually requires prior lysine ubiquitylation. Surprisingly, lysine-less variants of both proteins tagged either at N- (Flag) or C-terminus (V5) were also degraded. The degradation of the endogenous SMN protein, and the protein constructs mentioned above, was mediated by the proteasome, as it was blocked by lactacystin, a specific and irreversible proteasomal inhibitor. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that SMN and SMNΔ7 proteasomal degradation did not absolutely require internal ubiquitylation nor N-terminal ubiquitylation (prevented by N-terminal tagging). While the above conclusions are firmly supported by the experimental data presented, we discuss and justify the need of deep proteomic techniques for the study of SMN complex components (orphan and bound) turn-over to understand the physiological relevant mechanisms of degradation of SMN and SMNΔ7 in the cell.
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34
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Visscher M, De Henau S, Wildschut MHE, van Es RM, Dhondt I, Michels H, Kemmeren P, Nollen EA, Braeckman BP, Burgering BMT, Vos HR, Dansen TB. Proteome-wide Changes in Protein Turnover Rates in C. elegans Models of Longevity and Age-Related Disease. Cell Rep 2017; 16:3041-3051. [PMID: 27626671 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between protein synthesis and protein breakdown is a major determinant of protein homeostasis, and loss of protein homeostasis is one of the hallmarks of aging. Here we describe pulsed SILAC-based experiments to estimate proteome-wide turnover rates of individual proteins. We applied this method to determine protein turnover rates in Caenorhabditis elegans models of longevity and Parkinson's disease, using both developing and adult animals. Whereas protein turnover in developing, long-lived daf-2(e1370) worms is about 30% slower than in controls, the opposite was observed in day 5 adult worms, in which protein turnover in the daf-2(e1370) mutant is twice as fast as in controls. In the Parkinson's model, protein turnover is reduced proportionally over the entire proteome, suggesting that the protein homeostasis network has a strong ability to adapt. The findings shed light on the relationship between protein turnover and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Visscher
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sasha De Henau
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mattheus H E Wildschut
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert M van Es
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ineke Dhondt
- Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86 N1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helen Michels
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Kemmeren
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen A Nollen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart P Braeckman
- Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86 N1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harmjan R Vos
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Buchwalter A, Hetzer MW. Nucleolar expansion and elevated protein translation in premature aging. Nat Commun 2017; 8:328. [PMID: 28855503 PMCID: PMC5577202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature aging disorders provide an opportunity to study the mechanisms that drive aging. In Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a mutant form of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A distorts nuclei and sequesters nuclear proteins. We sought to investigate protein homeostasis in this disease. Here, we report a widespread increase in protein turnover in HGPS-derived cells compared to normal cells. We determine that global protein synthesis is elevated as a consequence of activated nucleoli and enhanced ribosome biogenesis in HGPS-derived fibroblasts. Depleting normal lamin A or inducing mutant lamin A expression are each sufficient to drive nucleolar expansion. We further show that nucleolar size correlates with donor age in primary fibroblasts derived from healthy individuals and that ribosomal RNA production increases with age, indicating that nucleolar size and activity can serve as aging biomarkers. While limiting ribosome biogenesis extends lifespan in several systems, we show that increased ribosome biogenesis and activity are a hallmark of premature aging. HGPS is a premature aging disease caused by mutations in the nuclear protein lamin A. Here, the authors show that cells from patients with HGPS have expanded nucleoli and increased protein synthesis, and report that nucleoli also expand as aging progresses in cells derived from healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Buchwalter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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36
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Mikkonen E, Haglund C, Holmberg CI. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals variations in proteasome tissue expression in C. elegans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183403. [PMID: 28817671 PMCID: PMC5560697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial part in normal cell function by mediating intracellular protein clearance. We have previously shown that UPS-mediated protein degradation varies in a cell type-specific manner in C. elegans. Here, we use formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded C. elegans sections to enable studies on endogenous proteasome tissue expression. We show that the proteasome immunoreactivity pattern differs between cell types and within subcellular compartments in adult wild-type (N2) C. elegans. Interestingly, widespread knockdown of proteasome subunits by RNAi results in tissue-specific changes in proteasome expression instead of a uniform response. In addition, long-lived daf-2(e1370) mutants with impaired insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) display similar proteasome tissue expression as aged-matched wild-type animals. Our study emphasizes the importance of alternate approaches to the commonly used whole animal lysate-based methods to detect changes in proteasome expression occurring at the sub-cellular, cell or tissue resolution level in a multicellular organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mikkonen
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carina I. Holmberg
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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37
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Harvald EB, Sprenger RR, Dall KB, Ejsing CS, Nielsen R, Mandrup S, Murillo AB, Larance M, Gartner A, Lamond AI, Færgeman NJ. Multi-omics Analyses of Starvation Responses Reveal a Central Role for Lipoprotein Metabolism in Acute Starvation Survival in C. elegans. Cell Syst 2017; 5:38-52.e4. [PMID: 28734827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Starvation causes comprehensive metabolic changes, which are still not fully understood. Here, we used quantitative proteomics and RNA sequencing to examine the temporal starvation responses in wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans and animals lacking the transcription factor HLH-30. Our findings show that starvation alters the abundance of hundreds of proteins and mRNAs in a temporal manner, many of which are involved in central metabolic pathways, including lipoprotein metabolism. We demonstrate that premature death of hlh-30 animals under starvation can be prevented by knockdown of either vit-1 or vit-5, encoding two different lipoproteins. We further show that the size and number of intestinal lipid droplets under starvation are altered in hlh-30 animals, which can be rescued by knockdown of vit-1. Taken together, this indicates that survival of hlh-30 animals under starvation is closely linked to regulation of intestinal lipid stores. We provide the most detailed poly-omic analysis of starvation responses to date, which serves as a resource for further mechanistic studies of starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bang Harvald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Richard R Sprenger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Brændgaard Dall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Christer S Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ronni Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Brenes Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mark Larance
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, UK
| | - Anton Gartner
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, UK
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, UK
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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38
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Dhondt I, Petyuk VA, Bauer S, Brewer HM, Smith RD, Depuydt G, Braeckman BP. Changes of Protein Turnover in Aging Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1621-1633. [PMID: 28679685 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein turnover rates severely decline in aging organisms, including C. elegans However, limited information is available on turnover dynamics at the individual protein level during aging. We followed changes in protein turnover at one-day resolution using a multiple-pulse 15N-labeling and accurate mass spectrometry approach. Forty percent of the proteome shows gradual slowdown in turnover with age, whereas only few proteins show increased turnover. Decrease in protein turnover was consistent for only a minority of functionally related protein subsets, including tubulins and vitellogenins, whereas randomly diverging turnover patterns with age were the norm. Our data suggests increased heterogeneity of protein turnover of the translation machinery, whereas protein turnover of ubiquitin-proteasome and antioxidant systems are well-preserved over time. Hence, we presume that maintenance of quality control mechanisms is a protective strategy in aging worms, although the ultimate proteome collapse is inescapable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Dhondt
- From the ‡Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- §Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Sophie Bauer
- From the ‡Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Heather M Brewer
- §Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- §Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Geert Depuydt
- From the ‡Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent Belgium.,¶Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart P Braeckman
- From the ‡Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent Belgium;
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39
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Pu YZ, Wan QL, Ding AJ, Luo HR, Wu GS. Quantitative proteomics analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans upon germ cell loss. J Proteomics 2017; 156:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Braeckman BP, Dhondt I. Lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans insulin/IGF-1 signalling mutants is supported by non-vertebrate physiological traits. NEMATOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The insulin/IGF-1 signalling (IIS) pathway connects nutrient levels to metabolism, growth and lifespan in eukaryotes ranging from yeasts to humans, including nematodes such as the genetic model organismCaenorhabditis elegans. The link between ageing and the IIS pathway has been thoroughly studied inC. elegans; upon reduced IIS signalling, a genetic survival program is activated resulting in a drastic lifespan extension. One of the components of this program is the upregulation of antioxidant activity but experiments failed to show a clear causal relation to longevity. However, oxidative damage, such as protein carbonyls, accumulates at a slower pace in long-livedC. elegansmutants with reduced IIS. This is probably not achieved by increased macroautophagy, a process that sequesters cellular components to be eliminated as protein turnover rates are slowed down in IIS mutants. The IIS mutantdaf-2, bearing a mutation in the insulin/IGF-1 receptor, recapitulates the dauer survival program, including accumulation of fat and glycogen. Fat can be converted into glucose and glycogenviathe glyoxylate shunt, a pathway absent in vertebrates. These carbohydrates can be used as substrates for trehalose synthesis, also absent in mammals. Trehalose, a non-reducing homodimer of glucose, stabilises intracellular components and is responsible for almost half of the lifespan extension in IIS mutants. Hence, the molecular mechanisms by which lifespan is extended under reduced IIS may differ substantially between phyla that have an active glyoxylate cycle and trehalose synthesis, such as ecdysozoans and fungi, and vertebrate species such as mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart P. Braeckman
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86 N1, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ineke Dhondt
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86 N1, Ghent, Belgium
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