1
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de Jonge JJ, Graw A, Kargas V, Batters C, Montanarella AF, O'Loughlin T, Johnson C, Arden SD, Warren AJ, Geeves MA, Kendrick-Jones J, Zaccai NR, Kröss M, Veigel C, Buss F. Motor domain phosphorylation increases nucleotide exchange and turns MYO6 into a faster and stronger motor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6716. [PMID: 39112473 PMCID: PMC11306250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Myosin motors perform many fundamental functions in eukaryotic cells by providing force generation, transport or tethering capacity. Motor activity control within the cell involves on/off switches, however, few examples are known of how myosins regulate speed or processivity and fine-tune their activity to a specific cellular task. Here, we describe a phosphorylation event for myosins of class VI (MYO6) in the motor domain, which accelerates its ATPase activity leading to a 4-fold increase in motor speed determined by actin-gliding assays, single molecule mechanics and stopped flow kinetics. We demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase DYRK2 phosphorylates MYO6 at S267 in vitro. Single-molecule optical-tweezers studies at low load reveal that S267-phosphorylation results in faster nucleotide-exchange kinetics without change in the working stroke of the motor. The selective increase in stiffness of the acto-MYO6 complex when proceeding load-dependently into the nucleotide-free rigor state demonstrates that S267-phosphorylation turns MYO6 into a stronger motor. Finally, molecular dynamic simulations of the nucleotide-free motor reveal an alternative interaction network within insert-1 upon phosphorylation, suggesting a molecular mechanism, which regulates insert-1 positioning, turning the S267-phosphorylated MYO6 into a faster motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeska J de Jonge
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andreas Graw
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Centre for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Vasileios Kargas
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher Batters
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Centre for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Antonino F Montanarella
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Centre for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Tom O'Loughlin
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Chloe Johnson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Susan D Arden
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - John Kendrick-Jones
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nathan R Zaccai
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Markus Kröss
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Centre for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany
| | - Claudia Veigel
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Centre for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799, München, Germany.
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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2
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Gopaldass N, Chen KE, Collins B, Mayer A. Assembly and fission of tubular carriers mediating protein sorting in endosomes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00746-8. [PMID: 38886588 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Endosomes are central protein-sorting stations at the crossroads of numerous membrane trafficking pathways in all eukaryotes. They have a key role in protein homeostasis and cellular signalling and are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Endosome-associated protein assemblies or coats collect transmembrane cargo proteins and concentrate them into retrieval domains. These domains can extend into tubular carriers, which then pinch off from the endosomal membrane and deliver the cargoes to appropriate subcellular compartments. Here we discuss novel insights into the structure of a number of tubular membrane coats that mediate the recruitment of cargoes into these carriers, focusing on sorting nexin-based coats such as Retromer, Commander and ESCPE-1. We summarize current and emerging views of how selective tubular endosomal carriers form and detach from endosomes by fission, highlighting structural aspects, conceptual challenges and open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Gopaldass
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Kai-En Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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3
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Behbehani R, Johnson C, Holmes AJ, Gratian MJ, Mulvihill DP, Buss F. The two C. elegans class VI myosins, SPE-15/HUM-3 and HUM-8, share similar motor properties, but have distinct developmental and tissue expression patterns. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1368054. [PMID: 38660538 PMCID: PMC11040104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1368054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Myosins of class VI move toward the minus-end of actin filaments and play vital roles in cellular processes such as endocytosis, autophagy, protein secretion, and the regulation of actin filament dynamics. In contrast to the majority of metazoan organisms examined to date which contain a single MYO6 gene, C. elegans, possesses two MYO6 homologues, SPE-15/HUM-3 and HUM-8. Through a combination of in vitro biochemical/biophysical analysis and cellular assays, we confirmed that both SPE-15/HUM-3 and HUM-8 exhibit reverse directionality, velocities, and ATPase activity similar to human MYO6. Our characterization also revealed that unlike SPE-15/HUM-3, HUM-8 is expressed as two distinct splice isoforms, one with an additional unique 14 amino acid insert in the cargo-binding domain. While lipid and adaptor binding sites are conserved in SPE-15/HUM-3 and HUM-8, this conservation does not enable recruitment to endosomes in mammalian cells. Finally, we performed super-resolution confocal imaging on transgenic worms expressing either mNeonGreen SPE-15/HUM-3 or wrmScarlet HUM-8. Our results show a clear distinction in tissue distribution between SPE-15/HUM-3 and HUM-8. While SPE-15/HUM-3 exhibited specific expression in the gonads and neuronal tissue in the head, HUM-8 was exclusively localized in the intestinal epithelium. Overall, these findings align with the established tissue distributions and localizations of human MYO6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya Behbehani
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe Johnson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Holmes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gratian
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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4
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Tan H, Ma L, Qin T, Liu K, Liu Y, Wen C, You K, Pang C, Luo H, Wei L, Shu Y, Yang X, Shen X, Zhou C. Myo6 mediates osteoclast function and is essential for joint damage in collagen-induced arthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166902. [PMID: 37816396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the novel function of MYO6 on Osteoclast differentiation and its joint destruction capacity in Rheumatoid arthritis mice model. METHODS We examined joint erosion in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model using micro-CT, with the mice having a MYO6 knockout background. Inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro, we investigated the osteoclastogenesis ability of bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from MYO6-/- mice and their littermate controls, examining both morphological and functional differences. Furthermore, we explored podosome formation and endosome maturation using immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS We found that MYO6 deficiency attenuated arthritis development and bone destruction in CIA mice as well as impaired osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting NFATc1 induction. Our findings indicate that MYO6 is essential for the organization of podosomes by modulating the FAK/AKT and integrin-β3/Src pathways. MYO6 also mediates endosome transportation by regulating the expression of Rab5 and GM130. This may impact the maintenance and functionality of the ruffled border, as well as the regulation of autophagy in osteoclasts. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated a critical function of MYO6 in osteoclast differentiation and its potential relevance in experimental arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Tan
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammatory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liqing Ma
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammatory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tian Qin
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammatory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kaifei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Cailing Wen
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammatory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Keyuan You
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Caixia Pang
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammatory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui Luo
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammatory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Linlin Wei
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammatory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Shu
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammatory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinru Yang
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammatory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammatory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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5
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Asghariazar V, Kadkhodayi M, Sarailoo M, Jolfayi AG, Baradaran B. MicroRNA-143 as a potential tumor suppressor in cancer: An insight into molecular targets and signaling pathways. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154792. [PMID: 37689002 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs), which are highly conserved and small noncoding RNAs, negatively regulate gene expression and influence signaling pathways involved in essential biological activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell invasion. MiRNAs have received much attention in the past decade due to their significant roles in cancer development. In particular, microRNA-143 (miR-143) is recognized as a tumor suppressor and is downregulated in most cancers. However, it seems that miR-143 is upregulated in rare cases, such as prostate cancer stem cells, and acts as an oncogene. The present review will outline the current studies illustrating the impact of miR-143 expression levels on cancer progression and discuss its target genes and their relevant signaling pathways to discover a potential therapeutic way for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Asghariazar
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Deputy of Research and Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mahtab Kadkhodayi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sarailoo
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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6
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Qi HY, Li ZF, Wang LM, Zhao Z, Wang JM, Tan FQ, Yang WX. Myosin VI stabilizes intercellular junctions in the testis through the LHR and MAPK signalling pathway during spermatogenesis in Eriocheir sinensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125842. [PMID: 37454996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The myosin motor protein myosin VI plays an essential role in mammalian spermatogenesis, however, the effects of myosin VI on male reproduction in Crustacea remain obscure. We identified the macromolecule es-Myosin VI in Eriocheir sinensis, and studied it by multiple methods. It co-localized with F-actin and was highly expressed in the testis. We interfered es-Myosin VI using dsRNA in vivo, an apparent decrease in spermatozoa count was detected. We also found that the MAPK signalling pathway was changed, subsequently causing disruption of intercellular junctions and damage to the functional hemolymph-testis barrier. We observed that luteinizing hormone receptor es-LHR was located within seminiferous tubules, which was different from the expression in mammals. Es-LHR could bind with es-Myosin VI in testis of E. sinensis, its localization was significantly altered when es-Myosin VI was deleted. Moreover, we obtained consistent results for the MAPK signalling pathway and spermatogenesis defects between the es-LHR and es-Myosin VI knockdown groups. In summary, our research demonstrated that knockdown of es-Myosin VI disturbed the intercellular junction and HTB function via the MAPK signalling pathway by changing the localization of es-LHR in the testis of E. sinensis, which was the potential reason for its negative impact on spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Qi
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lan-Min Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhan Zhao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Ming Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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7
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York HM, Joshi K, Wright CS, Kreplin LZ, Rodgers SJ, Moorthi UK, Gandhi H, Patil A, Mitchell CA, Iyer-Biswas S, Arumugam S. Deterministic early endosomal maturations emerge from a stochastic trigger-and-convert mechanism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4652. [PMID: 37532690 PMCID: PMC10397212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal maturation is critical for robust and timely cargo transport to specific cellular compartments. The most prominent model of early endosomal maturation involves a phosphoinositide-driven gain or loss of specific proteins on individual endosomes, emphasising an autonomous and stochastic description. However, limitations in fast, volumetric imaging long hindered direct whole cell-level measurements of absolute numbers of maturation events. Here, we use lattice light-sheet imaging and bespoke automated analysis to track individual very early (APPL1-positive) and early (EEA1-positive) endosomes over the entire population, demonstrating that direct inter-endosomal contact drives maturation between these populations. Using fluorescence lifetime, we show that this endosomal interaction is underpinned by asymmetric binding of EEA1 to very early and early endosomes through its N- and C-termini, respectively. In combination with agent-based simulation which supports a 'trigger-and-convert' model, our findings indicate that APPL1- to EEA1-positive maturation is driven not by autonomous events but by heterotypic EEA1-mediated interactions, providing a mechanism for temporal and population-level control of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M York
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Kunaal Joshi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Charles S Wright
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Laura Z Kreplin
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Samuel J Rodgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ullhas K Moorthi
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Hetvi Gandhi
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Abhishek Patil
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Srividya Iyer-Biswas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
| | - Senthil Arumugam
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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8
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Liu Y, Jiang C, Liu Q, Huang R, Wang M, Guo X. CircRNAs: emerging factors for regulating glucose metabolism in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03131-7. [PMID: 36944731 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a malignant disease with a high incidence and low survival rate, and the effectiveness of traditional treatments, such as surgery and radiotherapy, is very limited. CircRNAs, a kind of stable endogenous circular RNA, generally function by sponging miRNAs and binding or translating proteins. CircRNAs have been identified to play an important role in regulating the proliferation and metabolism of CRC. In recent years, many reports have indicated that by regulating the expression of glycolysis-related proteins, such as GLUT1 and HK2, or directly translating proteins, circRNAs can promote the Warburg effect in cancer cells, thereby driving CRC metabolism. Moreover, the Warburg effect increases lactate production in cancer cells and promotes acidification of the TME, which further drives cancer progression. In this review, we summarized the remarkable role of circRNAs in regulating glucose metabolism in CRC in recent years, which might be useful for finding new targets for the clinical treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjun Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Runchun Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Mancai Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China
- General Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaohu Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, The People's Republic of China.
- General Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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9
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Redpath GMI, Ananthanarayanan V. Endosomal sorting sorted - motors, adaptors and lessons from in vitro and cellular studies. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:292583. [PMID: 36861885 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor proteins are key players in exerting spatiotemporal control over the intracellular location of membrane-bound compartments, including endosomes containing cargo. In this Review, we focus on how motors and their cargo adaptors regulate positioning of cargoes from the earliest stages of endocytosis and through the two main intracellular itineraries: (1) degradation at the lysosome or (2) recycling back to the plasma membrane. In vitro and cellular (in vivo) studies on cargo transport thus far have typically focussed independently on either the motor proteins and adaptors, or membrane trafficking. Here, we will discuss recent studies to highlight what is known about the regulation of endosomal vesicle positioning and transport by motors and cargo adaptors. We also emphasise that in vitro and cellular studies are often performed at different scales, from single molecules to whole organelles, with the aim to provide a perspective on the unified principles of motor-driven cargo trafficking in living cells that can be learned from these differing scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M I Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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10
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Zhan XJ, Wang R, Kuang XR, Zhou JY, Hu XL. Elevated expression of myosin VI contributes to breast cancer progression via MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110633. [PMID: 36803774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies occurring in women worldwide, and its incidence is increasing each year. Accumulating evidence indicated that Myosin VI (MYO6) functions as a gene associated with tumor progression in several cancers. However, the potential role of MYO6 and its underlying mechanisms in the development and progression of BC remains unknown. Herein, we examined the expression levels of MYO6 in BC cells and tissues by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Loss- and gain-of-function investigations in vitro were performed to determine the biological functions of MYO6. And in vivo effects of MYO6 on tumorigenesis were investigated in nude mice. Our findings showed that the expression of MYO6 was up-regulated in breast cancer, and its high expression was correlated with poor prognosis. Further investigation exhibited that silencing the expression of MYO6 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas overexpression of MYO6 enhanced these abilities in vitro. Also, reduced expression of MYO6 significantly retarded the tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that MYO6 was involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Moreover, we proved that MYO6 enhanced BC proliferation, migration and invasion via increasing the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2. Taken together, our findings highlight the role of MYO6 in promoting BC cell progression through MAPK/ERK pathway, suggesting it may be a new potential therapeutic and prognostic target for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xiong-Ri Kuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jue-Yu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Hu
- Breast Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
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11
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Johnson CA, Behbehani R, Buss F. Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121889. [PMID: 36551317 PMCID: PMC9775386 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that perform a number of roles in fundamental cellular processes, including (but not limited to) intracellular trafficking, cell motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis. 40 myosins genes have been identified in humans, which belong to different 12 classes based on their domain structure and organisation. These genes are widely expressed in different tissues, and mutations leading to loss of function are associated with a wide variety of pathologies while over-expression often results in cancer. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a small, free-living, non-parasitic nematode. ~38% of the genome of C. elegans has predicted orthologues in the human genome, making it a valuable tool to study the function of human counterparts and human diseases. To date, 8 unconventional myosin genes have been identified in the nematode, from 6 different classes with high homology to human paralogues. The hum-1 and hum-5 (heavy chain of an unconventional myosin) genes encode myosin of class I, hum-2 of class V, hum-3 and hum-8 of class VI, hum-6 of class VII and hum-7 of class IX. The hum-4 gene encodes a high molecular mass myosin (307 kDa) that is one of the most highly divergent myosins and is a member of class XII. Mutations in many of the human orthologues are lethal, indicating their essential properties. However, a functional characterisation for many of these genes in C. elegans has not yet been performed. This article reviews the current knowledge of unconventional myosin genes in C. elegans and explores the potential use of the nematode to study the function and regulation of myosin motors to provide valuable insights into their role in diseases.
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12
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Bending over backwards: BAR proteins and the actin cytoskeleton in mammalian receptor-mediated endocytosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151257. [PMID: 35863103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the actin cytoskeleton during receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) has been well characterized in yeast for many years. Only more recently has the interplay between the actin cytoskeleton and RME been extensively explored in mammalian cells. These studies have revealed the central roles of BAR proteins in RME, and have demonstrated significant roles of BAR proteins in linking the actin cytoskeleton to this cellular process. The actin cytoskeleton generates and transmits mechanical force to promote the extension of receptor-bound endocytic vesicles into the cell. Many adaptor proteins link and regulate the actin cytoskeleton at the sites of endocytosis. This review will cover key effectors, adaptors and signalling molecules that help to facilitate the invagination of the cell membrane during receptor-mediated endocytosis, including recent insights gained on the roles of BAR proteins. The final part of this review will explore associations of alterations to genes encoding BAR proteins with cancer.
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13
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Matozo T, Kogachi L, de Alencar BC. Myosin motors on the pathway of viral infections. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 79:41-63. [PMID: 35842902 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular motors are microscopic machines that use energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to generate movement. While kinesins and dynein are molecular motors associated with microtubule tracks, myosins bind to and move on actin filaments. Mammalian cells express several myosin motors. They power cellular processes such as endo- and exocytosis, intracellular trafficking, transcription, migration, and cytokinesis. As viruses navigate through cells, they may take advantage or be hindered by host components and machinery, including the cytoskeleton. This review delves into myosins' cell roles and compares them to their reported functions in viral infections. In most cases, the previously described myosin functions align with their reported role in viral infections, although not in all cases. This opens the possibility that knowledge obtained from studying myosins in viral infections might shed light on new physiological roles for myosins in cells. However, given the high number of myosins expressed and the variety of viruses investigated in the different studies, it is challenging to infer whether the interactions found are specific to a single virus or can be applied to other viruses with the same characteristics. We conclude that the participation of myosins in viral cycles is still a largely unexplored area, especially concerning unconventional myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Matozo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Kogachi
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cunha de Alencar
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Ayagama T, Bose SJ, Capel RA, Priestman DA, Berridge G, Fischer R, Galione A, Platt FM, Kramer H, Burton RA. A modified density gradient proteomic-based method to analyze endolysosomal proteins in cardiac tissue. iScience 2021; 24:102949. [PMID: 34466782 PMCID: PMC8384914 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of lysosomes in cardiac physiology and pathology is well established, and evidence for roles in calcium signaling is emerging. We describe a label-free proteomics method suitable for small cardiac tissue biopsies based on density-separated fractionation, which allows study of endolysosomal (EL) proteins. Density gradient fractions corresponding to tissue lysate; sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), mitochondria (Mito) (1.3 g/mL); and EL with negligible contamination from SR or Mito (1.04 g/mL) were analyzed using Western blot, enzyme activity assay, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis (adapted discontinuous Percoll and sucrose differential density gradient). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Reactome, Panther, and Gene Ontology pathway analysis showed good coverage of RAB proteins and lysosomal cathepsins (including cardiac-specific cathepsin D) in the purified EL fraction. Significant EL proteins recovered included catalytic activity proteins. We thus present a comprehensive protocol and data set of guinea pig atrial EL organelle proteomics using techniques also applicable for non-cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamali Ayagama
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, OX1 3QT UK
| | - Samuel J. Bose
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, OX1 3QT UK
| | - Rebecca A. Capel
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, OX1 3QT UK
| | | | - Georgina Berridge
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Antony Galione
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, OX1 3QT UK
| | - Frances M. Platt
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, OX1 3QT UK
| | - Holger Kramer
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN UK
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15
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Zakrzewski P, Suwińska A, Lenartowski R, Rędowicz MJ, Buss F, Lenartowska M. Myosin VI maintains the actin-dependent organization of the tubulobulbar complexes required for endocytosis during mouse spermiogenesis†‡. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:863-875. [PMID: 31901088 PMCID: PMC7124960 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI (MYO6) is an actin-based motor that has been implicated in a wide range of cellular processes, including endocytosis and the regulation of actin dynamics. MYO6 is crucial for actin/membrane remodeling during the final step of Drosophila spermatogenesis, and MYO6-deficient males are sterile. This protein also localizes to actin-rich structures involved in mouse spermiogenesis. Although loss of MYO6 in Snell's waltzer knock-out (KO) mice causes several defects and shows reduced male fertility, no studies have been published to address the role of MYO6 in sperm development in mouse. Here we demonstrate that MYO6 and some of its binding partners are present at highly specialized actin-based structures, the apical tubulobulbar complexes (TBCs), which mediate endocytosis of the intercellular junctions at the Sertoli cell-spermatid interface, an essential process for sperm release. Using electron and light microscopy and biochemical approaches, we show that MYO6, GIPC1 and TOM1/L2 form a complex in testis and localize predominantly to an early endocytic APPL1-positive compartment of the TBCs that is distinct from EEA1-positive early endosomes. These proteins also associate with the TBC actin-free bulbular region. Finally, our studies using testis from Snell's waltzer males show that loss of MYO6 causes disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and disorganization of the TBCs and leads to defects in the distribution of the MYO6-positive early APPL1-endosomes. Taken together, we report here for the first time that lack of MYO6 in mouse testis reduces male fertility and disrupts spatial organization of the TBC-related endocytic compartment during the late phase of spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Zakrzewski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.,Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Suwińska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.,Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Robert Lenartowski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.,Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Lenartowska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland.,Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
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16
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Chakrabarti R, Lee M, Higgs HN. Multiple roles for actin in secretory and endocytic pathways. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R603-R618. [PMID: 34033793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin filaments play multiple roles in the secretory pathway and in endosome dynamics in mammals, including maintenance of Golgi structure, release of membrane cargo from the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endocytosis, and endosomal sorting dynamics. In addition, TGN carrier transport and endocytosis both occur by multiple mechanisms in mammals. Actin likely plays a role in at least four mammalian endocytic pathways, five pathways for membrane release from the TGN, and three processes involving endosomes. Also, the mammalian Golgi structure is highly dynamic, and actin is likely important for these dynamics. One challenge for many of these processes is the need to deal with other membrane-associated structures, such as the cortical actin network at the plasma membrane or the matrix that surrounds the Golgi. Arp2/3 complex is a major actin assembly factor in most of the processes mentioned, but roles for formins and tandem WH2-motif-containing assembly factors are being elucidated and are anticipated to grow with further study. The specific role for actin has not been defined for most of these processes, but is likely to involve the generation of force for membrane dynamics, either by actin polymerization itself or by myosin motor activity. Defining these processes mechanistically is necessary for understanding membrane dynamics in general, as well as pathways that utilize these processes, such as autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Miriam Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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17
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Roach TG, Lång HKM, Xiong W, Ryhänen SJ, Capelluto DGS. Protein Trafficking or Cell Signaling: A Dilemma for the Adaptor Protein TOM1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:643769. [PMID: 33718385 PMCID: PMC7952518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.643769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal degradation of ubiquitinated transmembrane protein receptors (cargo) relies on the function of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) protein complexes. The ESCRT machinery is comprised of five unique oligomeric complexes with distinct functions. Target of Myb1 (TOM1) is an ESCRT protein involved in the initial steps of endosomal cargo sorting. To exert its function, TOM1 associates with ubiquitin moieties on the cargo via its VHS and GAT domains. Several ESCRT proteins, including TOLLIP, Endofin, and Hrs, have been reported to form a complex with TOM1 at early endosomal membrane surfaces, which may potentiate the role of TOM1 in cargo sorting. More recently, it was found that TOM1 is involved in other physiological processes, including autophagy, immune responses, and neuroinflammation, which crosstalk with its endosomal cargo sorting function. Alteration of TOM1 function has emerged as a phosphoinositide-dependent survival mechanism for bacterial infections and cancer progression. Based on current knowledge of TOM1-dependent cellular processes, this review illustrates how TOM1 functions in coordination with an array of protein partners under physiological and pathological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany G. Roach
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Heljä K. M. Lång
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children’s Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, The New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wen Xiong
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Samppa J. Ryhänen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children’s Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, The New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel G. S. Capelluto
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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18
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Zakrzewski P, Lenartowska M, Buss F. Diverse functions of myosin VI in spermiogenesis. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:323-340. [PMID: 33386429 PMCID: PMC8021524 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, a differentiation process during which unpolarized spermatids undergo excessive remodeling that results in the formation of sperm. The actin cytoskeleton and associated actin-binding proteins play crucial roles during this process regulating organelle or vesicle delivery/segregation and forming unique testicular structures involved in spermatid remodeling. In addition, several myosin motor proteins including MYO6 generate force and movement during sperm differentiation. MYO6 is highly unusual as it moves towards the minus end of actin filaments in the opposite direction to other myosin motors. This specialized feature of MYO6 may explain the many proposed functions of this myosin in a wide array of cellular processes in animal cells, including endocytosis, secretion, stabilization of the Golgi complex, and regulation of actin dynamics. These diverse roles of MYO6 are mediated by a range of specialized cargo-adaptor proteins that link this myosin to distinct cellular compartments and processes. During sperm development in a number of different organisms, MYO6 carries out pivotal functions. In Drosophila, the MYO6 ortholog regulates actin reorganization during spermatid individualization and male KO flies are sterile. In C. elegans, the MYO6 ortholog mediates asymmetric segregation of cytosolic material and spermatid budding through cytokinesis, whereas in mice, this myosin regulates assembly of highly specialized actin-rich structures and formation of membrane compartments to allow the formation of fully differentiated sperm. In this review, we will present an overview and compare the diverse function of MYO6 in the specialized adaptations of spermiogenesis in flies, worms, and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Zakrzewski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Marta Lenartowska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland.,Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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19
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Lakoduk AM, Lee CF, Chen PH. Gain-of-"endocytic' function in mutant p53 cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 131:105905. [PMID: 33359084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Beyond its well-known canonical function as a tumor suppressor, p53 is also involved in numerous cellular processes through altered transcription under both normal and pathological conditions. The functional diversity of p53 outputs is complex and dependent on cell context. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this diversity remain largely unclear. The emerging evidence of p53 mutations involved in regulating endocytic trafficking and signaling, in tandem to promote malignancy (invasion, exosome biogenesis and immune evasion), sheds light on possible mechanisms behind the p53-driven complexity. The interrelated nature of endocytic trafficking and receptor signaling that form dynamic and adaptable feedback loops - either positive or negative - functions to modulate multiple cellular outputs. Biasing the tunable endocytic trafficking and receptor signaling network by mutant p53 expands the purview of p53, allowing its contribution to diverse and aggressive phenotypes. In this review, we explore recent studies in which the novel role of mutant p53 in altering endocytic trafficking to bias receptor signaling and drive transforming phenotypes is revealed. Understanding the complex crosstalk of mutant p53, endocytic trafficking and receptor signaling will allow the development of therapies to selectively target p53-altered endocytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Lakoduk
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75080, United States
| | - Cheng-Fan Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hung Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
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20
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McGowan SE, McCoy DM. Neuropilin-1 directs PDGFRα-entry into lung fibroblasts and signaling from very early endosomes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L179-L192. [PMID: 33174445 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00149.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) is absolutely required for the development of secondary pulmonary alveolar septa. Our earlier observations indicated that PDGFRα resides intracellularly as well as on the plasma membrane of murine lung fibroblasts (LF). We have examined how neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), a surface receptor without kinase activity, regulates the intracellular trafficking of PDGFRα in LF obtained from mice, some bearing a targeted deletion of Nrp1 in myofibroblasts. Using the proximity ligation assay, we observed that PDGFRα and Nrp1 colocalized in both early antigen-1 (EEA1) containing sorting endosomes and with adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin homology domain and a phosphotyrosine-binding domain-1 (APPL1) in very early endosomes (VEE). These findings were confirmed using live-cell imaging, which demonstrated that recently internalized PDGFRα was observed in Rab5-containing vesicles residing within 100 nm of the plasma membrane. Nrp1 deletion reduced the phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B), the major downstream target of PDGFRα, and limited accumulation of inositol-3 phosphates in APPL1-containing endosomes after exposure to PDGFA. PDGFRα co-immunoprecipitated with APPL1, indicating that PDGFRα enters VEE. Targeted deletion of Nrp1 or APPL1-depletion in control LF reduced the activity of an Akt1 biosensor following stimulation with PDGFA. Our findings demonstrate that Nrp1 enhances the entry of PDGFRα into APPL1 containing VEE and that APPL1 enhances PDGFRα signaling. Therefore, Nrp1 promotes endosomal signaling by PDGFRα offering a potential mechanism to explain our prior observation that Nrp1 supports the formation of alveolar ducts and alveoli during secondary septation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diann M McCoy
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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21
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York HM, Coyle J, Arumugam S. To be more precise: the role of intracellular trafficking in development and pattern formation. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2051-2066. [PMID: 32915197 PMCID: PMC7609031 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Living cells interpret a variety of signals in different contexts to elucidate functional responses. While the understanding of signalling molecules, their respective receptors and response at the gene transcription level have been relatively well-explored, how exactly does a single cell interpret a plethora of time-varying signals? Furthermore, how their subsequent responses at the single cell level manifest in the larger context of a developing tissue is unknown. At the same time, the biophysics and chemistry of how receptors are trafficked through the complex dynamic transport network between the plasma membrane-endosome-lysosome-Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum are much more well-studied. How the intracellular organisation of the cell and inter-organellar contacts aid in orchestrating trafficking, as well as signal interpretation and modulation by the cells are beginning to be uncovered. In this review, we highlight the significant developments that have strived to integrate endosomal trafficking, signal interpretation in the context of developmental biology and relevant open questions with a few chosen examples. Furthermore, we will discuss the imaging technologies that have been developed in the recent past that have the potential to tremendously accelerate knowledge gain in this direction while shedding light on some of the many challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M. York
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Joanne Coyle
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Senthil Arumugam
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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22
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Li S, Xiong GJ, Huang N, Sheng ZH. The cross-talk of energy sensing and mitochondrial anchoring sustains synaptic efficacy by maintaining presynaptic metabolism. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1077-1095. [PMID: 33020662 PMCID: PMC7572785 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria supply ATP essential for synaptic transmission. Neurons face exceptional challenges in maintaining energy homoeostasis at synapses. Regulation of mitochondrial trafficking and anchoring is critical for neurons to meet increased energy consumption during sustained synaptic activity. However, mechanisms recruiting and retaining presynaptic mitochondria in sensing synaptic ATP levels remain elusive. Here we reveal an energy signalling axis that controls presynaptic mitochondrial maintenance. Activity-induced presynaptic energy deficits can be rescued by recruiting mitochondria through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-p21-activated kinase (PAK) energy signalling pathway. Synaptic activity induces AMPK activation within axonal compartments and AMPK-PAK signalling triggers phosphorylation of myosin VI, which drives mitochondrial recruitment and syntaphilin-mediated anchoring on presynaptic filamentous actin. This pathway maintains presynaptic energy supply and calcium clearance during intensive synaptic activity. Disrupting this signalling cross-talk triggers local energy deficits and intracellular calcium build-up, leading to impaired synaptic efficacy during trains of stimulation and reduced recovery from synaptic depression after prolonged synaptic activity. Our study reveals a mechanistic cross-talk between energy sensing and mitochondria anchoring to maintain presynaptic metabolism, thus fine-tuning short-term synaptic plasticity and prolonged synaptic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Li
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gui-Jing Xiong
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ning Huang
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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23
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Hsa_circ_0000231 knockdown inhibits the glycolysis and progression of colorectal cancer cells by regulating miR-502-5p/MYO6 axis. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:255. [PMID: 32993655 PMCID: PMC7526375 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-02033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a heavy threat to human health owing to its high incidence and mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were investigated to participate in the progression of CRC, whereas there was no revenant data on the CRC process regulated by hsa_circ_0000231. This study aimed to explore the effects of hsa_circ_0000231 on CRC progression and underneath regulatory mechanism. Methods The expression levels of hsa_circ_0000231, miR-502-5p, and Myosin VI (MYO6) mRNA were detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot was employed to determine the protein expression levels of MYO6 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The effects of hsa_circ_0000231 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasive in CRC were determined by cell counting kit-8 proliferation (CCK-8) and colony formation assays, flow cytometry analysis, wound-healing assay, and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Glucose uptake and lactate production were severally illustrated by glucose assay kit and lactate assay kit. The relationship between miR-502-5p and hsa_circ_0000231 or MYO6 was predicted by circular RNA interactome or targetScan online databases, and identified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. In vivo tumor formation assay was carried out to determine the effects of hsa_circ_0000231 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo. Results Hsa_circ_0000231 expression was dramatically upregulated while miR-502-5p was obviously downregulated in CRC tissues and cells compared with control groups. Hsa_circ_0000231 knockdown repressed the expression levels of MYO6 and PCNA protein. Functionally, hsa_circ_0000231 knockdown repressed cell glycolysis, proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis, whereas these effects were decreased by miR-502-5p inhibitor. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0000231 acted as a sponge of miR-502-5p and miR-502-5p bound to MYO6. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0000231 knockdown decreased tumor volume and weight of CRC in vivo. Conclusion Hsa_circ_0000231 knockdown inhibited CRC progression and glycolysis by downregulating MYO6 expression through sponging miR-502-5p, which might provide a theoretical basis in further studying circ_0000231-directed therapy in CRC.
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Redpath GMI, Betzler VM, Rossatti P, Rossy J. Membrane Heterogeneity Controls Cellular Endocytic Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:757. [PMID: 32850860 PMCID: PMC7419583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking relies on highly localized events in cell membranes. Endocytosis involves the gathering of protein (cargo/receptor) at distinct plasma membrane locations defined by specific lipid and protein compositions. Simultaneously, the molecular machinery that drives invagination and eventually scission of the endocytic vesicle assembles at the very same place on the inner leaflet of the membrane. It is membrane heterogeneity - the existence of specific lipid and protein domains in localized regions of membranes - that creates the distinct molecular identity required for an endocytic event to occur precisely when and where it is required rather than at some random location within the plasma membrane. Accumulating evidence leads us to believe that the trafficking fate of internalized proteins is sealed following endocytosis, as this distinct membrane identity is preserved through the endocytic pathway, upon fusion of endocytic vesicles with early and sorting endosomes. In fact, just like at the plasma membrane, multiple domains coexist at the surface of these endosomes, regulating local membrane tubulation, fission and sorting to recycling pathways or to the trans-Golgi network via late endosomes. From here, membrane heterogeneity ensures that fusion events between intracellular vesicles and larger compartments are spatially regulated to promote the transport of cargoes to their intracellular destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M I Redpath
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,The ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Verena M Betzler
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Rossatti
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Rossy
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Formation of Aberrant Myotubes by Myoblasts Lacking Myosin VI Is Associated with Alterations in the Cytoskeleton Organization, Myoblast Adhesion and Fusion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071673. [PMID: 32664530 PMCID: PMC7408620 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously postulated that unconventional myosin VI (MVI) could be involved in myoblast differentiation. Here, we addressed the mechanism(s) of its involvement using primary myoblast culture derived from the hindlimb muscles of Snell’s waltzer mice, the natural MVI knockouts (MVI-KO). We observed that MVI-KO myotubes were formed faster than control heterozygous myoblasts (MVI-WT), with a three-fold increase in the number of myosac-like myotubes with centrally positioned nuclei. There were also changes in the levels of the myogenic transcription factors Pax7, MyoD and myogenin. This was accompanied by changes in the actin cytoskeleton and adhesive structure organization. We observed significant decreases in the levels of proteins involved in focal contact formation, such as talin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Interestingly, the levels of proteins involved in intercellular communication, M-cadherin and drebrin, were also affected. Furthermore, time-dependent alterations in the levels of the key proteins for myoblast membrane fusion, myomaker and myomerger, without effect on their cellular localization, were observed. Our data indicate that in the absence of MVI, the mechanisms controlling cytoskeleton organization, as well as myoblast adhesion and fusion, are dysregulated, leading to the formation of aberrant myotubes.
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26
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Yaqoob U, Luo F, Greuter T, Jalan Sakrikar N, Sehrawat TS, Lu J, Hu X, Gao J, Kostallari E, Chen J, Arab JP, Martin-Mateos R, Cao S, Shah VH. GIPC-Regulated IGFBP-3 Promotes HSC Migration In Vitro and Portal Hypertension In Vivo Through a β1-Integrin Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:545-559. [PMID: 32447051 PMCID: PMC7399184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Transforming growth factor (TGF-β)-induced activation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and their transformation to myofibroblasts is a key event in liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. GIPC (also referred to as synectin) is a downstream signal activation molecule of TGF-β and other receptors. In this study, we sought to identify novel genes targeted by TGF-β and GIPC and elucidate if and how they may contribute to liver fibrosis. METHODS We performed sequential messenger RNA sequencing analysis on TGF-β-stimulated HSCs and then on TGF-β-stimulated HSCs in the presence and absence of GIPC also referred to as synectin (GIPC) knockdown. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) transport protein emerged as a top activation target of both TGF-β and GIPC. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, targeted chromatin immunoprecipitation, and Western blot analysis were done for further confirmation. RESULTS IGFBP-3, an insulin growth factor transport protein, emerged as a top activation target of both TGF-β and GIPC, which was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot analysis. Targeted chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GIPC increases the histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) acetylation activating mark and concurrently decreases the H3K27 inhibitory trimethylation (H3K27m3) mark, providing an epigenetic correlate to the gene regulation changes. In vivo, global knockout of IGFBP-3 mice resulted in attenuation of HSC activation markers and attenuation of portal pressure in response to chronic liver injury models. Analysis of serum levels from cirrhotic patients also showed an IGFBP-3 increase of more than 2-fold compared with healthy controls. Finally, in vitro mechanism studies showed that IGFBP-3 promotes HSC migration through integrin-dependent phosphorylation of protein kinase B. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β up-regulates IGFBP-3 through GIPC, leading to increased HSC migration in vitro and promotes portal hypertension in vivo. These studies support the role of IGFBP-3 as a potential pathophysiologic target or biomarker in chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Yaqoob
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Fanghong Luo
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Thomas Greuter
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nidhi Jalan Sakrikar
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tejasav S Sehrawat
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jianwen Lu
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiao Hu
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jingbiao Chen
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rosa Martin-Mateos
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sheng Cao
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Zakrzewski P, Rędowicz MJ, Buss F, Lenartowska M. Loss of myosin VI expression affects acrosome/acroplaxome complex morphology during mouse spermiogenesis†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:521-533. [PMID: 32412041 PMCID: PMC7442776 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During spermiogenesis in mammals, actin filaments and a variety of actin-binding proteins are involved in the formation and function of highly specialized testis-specific structures. Actin-based motor proteins, such as myosin Va and VIIa, play a key role in this complex process of spermatid transformation into mature sperm. We have previously demonstrated that myosin VI (MYO6) is also expressed in mouse testes. It is present in actin-rich structures important for spermatid development, including one of the earliest events in spermiogenesis—acrosome formation. Here, we demonstrate using immunofluorescence, cytochemical, and ultrastructural approaches that MYO6 is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of these specialized actin-rich structures during acrosome biogenesis in mouse. We show that MYO6 together with its binding partner TOM1/L2 is present at/around the spermatid Golgi complex and the nascent acrosome. Depletion of MYO6 in Snell’s waltzer mice causes structural disruptions of the Golgi complex and affects the acrosomal granule positioning within the developing acrosome. In summary, our results suggest that MYO6 plays an anchoring role during the acrosome biogenesis mainly by tethering of different cargo/membranes to highly specialized actin-related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Zakrzewski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marta Lenartowska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland.,Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland
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28
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O'Loughlin T, Kendrick-Jones J, Buss F. Approaches to Identify and Characterise MYO6-Cargo Interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1239:355-380. [PMID: 32451866 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the prevalence and importance of the actin cytoskeleton and the host of associated myosin motors, it comes as no surprise to find that they are linked to a plethora of cellular functions and pathologies. Although our understanding of the biophysical properties of myosin motors has been aided by the high levels of conservation in their motor domains and the extensive work on myosin in skeletal muscle contraction, our understanding of how the nonmuscle myosins participate in such a wide variety of cellular processes is less clear. It is now well established that the highly variable myosin tails are responsible for targeting these myosins to distinct cellular sites for specific functions, and although a number of adaptor proteins have been identified, our current understanding of the cellular processes involved is rather limited. Furthermore, as more adaptor proteins, cargoes and complexes are identified, the importance of elucidating the regulatory mechanisms involved is essential. Ca2+, and now phosphorylation and ubiquitination, are emerging as important regulators of cargo binding, and it is likely that other post-translational modifications are also involved. In the case of myosin VI (MYO6), a number of immediate binding partners have been identified using traditional approaches such as yeast two-hybrid screens and affinity-based pull-downs. However, these methods have only been successful in identifying the cargo adaptors, but not the cargoes themselves, which may often comprise multi-protein complexes. Furthermore, motor-adaptor-cargo interactions are dynamic by nature and often weak, transient and highly regulated and therefore difficult to capture using traditional affinity-based methods. In this chapter we will discuss the various approaches including functional proteomics that have been used to uncover and characterise novel MYO6-associated proteins and complexes and how this work contributes to a fuller understanding of the targeting and function(s) of this unique myosin motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O'Loughlin
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK.
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29
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de Jonge JJ, Batters C, O'Loughlin T, Arden SD, Buss F. The MYO6 interactome: selective motor-cargo complexes for diverse cellular processes. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1494-1507. [PMID: 31206648 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myosins of class VI (MYO6) are unique actin-based motor proteins that move cargo towards the minus ends of actin filaments. As the sole myosin with this directionality, it is critically important in a number of biological processes. Indeed, loss or overexpression of MYO6 in humans is linked to a variety of pathologies including deafness, cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. This myosin interacts with a wide variety of direct binding partners such as for example the selective autophagy receptors optineurin, TAX1BP1 and NDP52 and also Dab2, GIPC, TOM1 and LMTK2, which mediate distinct functions of different MYO6 isoforms along the endocytic pathway. Functional proteomics has recently been used to identify the wider MYO6 interactome including several large functionally distinct multi-protein complexes, which highlight the importance of this myosin in regulating the actin and septin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, adaptor-binding not only triggers cargo attachment, but also controls the inactive folded conformation and dimerisation of MYO6. Thus, the C-terminal tail domain mediates cargo recognition and binding, but is also crucial for modulating motor activity and regulating cytoskeletal track dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas O'Loughlin
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan D Arden
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
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30
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Wagner W, Lippmann K, Heisler FF, Gromova KV, Lombino FL, Roesler MK, Pechmann Y, Hornig S, Schweizer M, Polo S, Schwarz JR, Eilers J, Kneussel M. Myosin VI Drives Clathrin-Mediated AMPA Receptor Endocytosis to Facilitate Cerebellar Long-Term Depression. Cell Rep 2019; 28:11-20.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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31
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Sugiyama MG, Fairn GD, Antonescu CN. Akt-ing Up Just About Everywhere: Compartment-Specific Akt Activation and Function in Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:70. [PMID: 31131274 PMCID: PMC6509475 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt is a master regulator of many diverse cellular functions, including survival, growth, metabolism, migration, and differentiation. Receptor tyrosine kinases are critical regulators of Akt, as a result of activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling leading to Akt activation upon receptor stimulation. The signaling axis formed by receptor tyrosine kinases, PI3K and Akt, as well as the vast range of downstream substrates is thus central to control of cell physiology in many different contexts and tissues. This axis must be tightly regulated, as disruption of PI3K-Akt signaling underlies the pathology of many diseases such as cancer and diabetes. This sophisticated regulation of PI3K-Akt signaling is due in part to the spatial and temporal compartmentalization of Akt activation and function, including in specific nanoscale domains of the plasma membrane as well as in specific intracellular membrane compartments. Here, we review the evidence for localized activation of PI3K-Akt signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases in various specific cellular compartments, as well as that of compartment-specific functions of Akt leading to control of several fundamental cellular processes. This spatial and temporal control of Akt activation and function occurs by a large number of parallel molecular mechanisms that are central to regulation of cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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32
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Lakoduk AM, Roudot P, Mettlen M, Grossman HM, Schmid SL, Chen PH. Mutant p53 amplifies a dynamin-1/APPL1 endosome feedback loop that regulates recycling and migration. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1928-1942. [PMID: 31043431 PMCID: PMC6548126 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedback loops arising from crosstalk between early endocytic trafficking and receptor signaling can be co-opted or amplified in cancer cells to enhance their metastatic abilities. Lakoduk et al. reveal that mutant p53 upregulates dynamin-1 expression and recruitment of the APPL1 signaling scaffold to a spatially localized subpopulation of endosomes to increase receptor recycling and cell migration. Multiple mechanisms contribute to cancer cell progression and metastatic activity, including changes in endocytic trafficking and signaling of cell surface receptors downstream of gain-of-function (GOF) mutant p53. We report that dynamin-1 (Dyn1) is up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in a manner dependent on expression of GOF mutant p53. Dyn1 is required for the recruitment and accumulation of the signaling scaffold, APPL1, to a spatially localized subpopulation of endosomes at the cell perimeter. We developed new tools to quantify peripherally localized early endosomes and measure the rapid recycling of integrins. We report that these perimeter APPL1 endosomes modulate Akt signaling and activate Dyn1 to create a positive feedback loop required for rapid recycling of EGFR and β1 integrins, increased focal adhesion turnover, and cell migration. Thus, Dyn1- and Akt-dependent perimeter APPL1 endosomes function as a nexus that integrates signaling and receptor trafficking, which can be co-opted and amplified in mutant p53–driven cancer cells to increase migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Lakoduk
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Philippe Roudot
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Heather M Grossman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX.,Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
| | - Ping-Hung Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
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33
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Sakai R, Fukuda R, Unida S, Aki M, Ono Y, Endo A, Kusumi S, Koga D, Fukushima T, Komada M, Okiyoneda T. The integral function of the endocytic recycling compartment is regulated by RFFL-mediated ubiquitylation of Rab11 effectors. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.228007. [PMID: 30659120 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking is regulated by ubiquitylation (also known as ubiquitination) of cargoes and endocytic machineries. The role of ubiquitylation in lysosomal delivery has been well documented, but its role in the recycling pathway is largely unknown. Here, we report that the ubiquitin (Ub) ligase RFFL regulates ubiquitylation of endocytic recycling regulators. An RFFL dominant-negative (DN) mutant induced clustering of endocytic recycling compartments (ERCs) and delayed endocytic cargo recycling without affecting lysosomal traffic. A BioID RFFL interactome analysis revealed that RFFL interacts with the Rab11 effectors EHD1, MICALL1 and class I Rab11-FIPs. The RFFL DN mutant strongly captured these Rab11 effectors and inhibited their ubiquitylation. The prolonged interaction of RFFL with Rab11 effectors was sufficient to induce the clustered ERC phenotype and to delay cargo recycling. RFFL directly ubiquitylates these Rab11 effectors in vitro, but RFFL knockout (KO) only reduced the ubiquitylation of Rab11-FIP1. RFFL KO had a minimal effect on the ubiquitylation of EHD1, MICALL1, and Rab11-FIP2, and failed to delay transferrin recycling. These results suggest that multiple Ub ligases including RFFL regulate the ubiquitylation of Rab11 effectors, determining the integral function of the ERC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Sakai
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fukuda
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Shin Unida
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Misaki Aki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yuji Ono
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Akinori Endo
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kusumi
- Division of Morphological Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koga
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komada
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Okiyoneda
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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34
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Moya-Alvarado G, Gonzalez A, Stuardo N, Bronfman FC. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Regulates Rab5-Positive Early Endosomes in Hippocampal Neurons to Induce Dendritic Branching. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:493. [PMID: 30618640 PMCID: PMC6304382 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophin receptors use endosomal pathways for signaling in neurons. However, how neurotrophins regulate the endosomal system for proper signaling is unknown. Rabs are monomeric GTPases that act as molecular switches to regulate membrane trafficking by binding a wide range of effectors. Among the Rab GTPases, Rab5 is the key GTPase regulating early endosomes and is the first sorting organelle of endocytosed receptors. The objective of our work was to study the regulation of Rab5-positive endosomes by BDNF at different levels, including dynamic, activity and protein levels in hippocampal neurons. Short-term treatment with BDNF increased the colocalization of TrkB in dendrites and cell bodies, increasing the vesiculation of Rab5-positive endosomes. Consistently, BDNF increased the number and mobility of Rab5 endosomes in dendrites. Cell body fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of Rab-EGFP-expressing neurons suggested increased movement of Rab5 endosomes from dendrites to cell bodies. These results correlated with the BDNF-induced activation of Rab5 in dendrites, followed by increased activation of Rab5 in cell bodies. Long-term treatment of hippocampal neurons with BDNF increased the protein levels of Rab5 and Rab11 in an mTOR-dependent manner. While BDNF regulation of Rab5a levels occurred at both the transcriptional and translational levels, Rab11a levels were regulated at the translational level at the time points analyzed. Finally, expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Rab5 reduced the basal arborization of nontreated neurons, and although BDNF was partially able to rescue the effect of Rab5DN at the level of primary dendrites, BDNF-induced dendritic branching was largely reduced. Our findings indicate that BDNF regulates the Rab5-Rab11 endosomal system at different levels and that these processes are likely required for BDNF-induced dendritic branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Moya-Alvarado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Stuardo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca C Bronfman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Simonetti B, Cullen PJ. Actin-dependent endosomal receptor recycling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 56:22-33. [PMID: 30227382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endosomes constitute major sorting compartments within the cell. There, a myriad of transmembrane proteins (cargoes) are delivered to the lysosome for degradation or retrieved from this fate and recycled through tubulo-vesicular transport carriers to different cellular destinations. Retrieval and recycling are orchestrated by multi-protein assemblies that include retromer and retriever, sorting nexins, and the Arp2/3 activating WASH complex. Fine-tuned control of actin polymerization on endosomes is fundamental for the retrieval and recycling of cargoes. Recent advances in the field have highlighted several roles that actin plays in this process including the binding to cargoes, stabilization of endosomal subdomains, generation of the remodeling forces required for the biogenesis of cargo-enriched transport carriers and short-range motility of the transport carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Simonetti
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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Luo R, Chen PW, Kuo JC, Jenkins L, Jian X, Waterman CM, Randazzo PA. ARAP2 inhibits Akt independently of its effects on focal adhesions. Biol Cell 2018; 110:257-270. [PMID: 30144359 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ARAP2, an Arf GTPase-activating protein (Arf GAP) that binds to adaptor protein with PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motifs 1 (APPL1), regulates focal adhesions (FAs). APPL1 affects FA dynamics by regulating Akt. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ARAP2 affects FAs in part by regulating Akt through APPL1. RESULTS We found that ARAP2 controlled FA dynamics dependent on its enzymatic Arf GAP activity. In some cells, ARAP2 also regulated phosphoAkt (pAkt) levels. However, ARAP2 control of FAs did not require Akt and conversely, the effects on pAkt were independent of FAs. Reducing ARAP2 expression reduced the size and number of FAs in U118, HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells. Decreasing ARAP2 expression increased pAkt in U118 cells and HeLa cells and overexpressing ARAP2 decreased pAkt in U118 cells; in contrast, ARAP2 had no effect on pAkt in MDA-MB-231 cells. An Akt inhibitor did not block the effect of reduced ARAP2 on FAs in U118. Furthermore, the effect of ARAP2 on Akt did not require Arf GAP activity, which is necessary for effects on FAs and integrin traffic. Altering FAs by other means did not induce the same changes in pAkt as those seen by reducing ARAP2 in U118 cells. In addition, we discovered that ARAP2 and APPL1 had co-ordinated effects on pAkt in U118 cells. Reduced APPL1 expression, as for ARAP2, increased pAkt in U118 and the effect of reduced APPL1 expression was reversed by overexpressing ARAP2. Conversely, the effect of reduced ARAP2 expression was reversed by overexpressing APPL1. ARAP2 is an Arf GAP that has previously been reported to affect FAs by regulating Arf6 and integrin trafficking and to bind to the adaptor proteins APPL1. Here, we report that ARAP2 suppresses pAkt levels in cells co-ordinately with APPL1 and independently of GAP activity and its effect on the dynamic behaviour of FAs. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ARAP2 affects Akt signalling in some cells by a mechanism independent of FAs or membrane traffic. SIGNIFICANCE Our results highlight an Arf GAP-independent function of ARAP2 in regulating Akt activity and distinguish the effect of ARAP2 on Akt from that on FAs and integrin trafficking, which requires regulation of Arf6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibai Luo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Lisa Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Tian T, Lu Y, Yao J, Cao X, Wei Q, Li Q. Identification of a novel MYO6 mutation associated with autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss in a Chinese family by whole-exome sequencing. Genes Genet Syst 2018; 93:171-179. [PMID: 30175721 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.18-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL) is characterized by postlingual progressive onset. Due to its high genetic heterogeneity, it is difficult to perform a molecular diagnosis for most patients with ADNSHL. In our study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to screen pathogenic gene candidates by analyzing genomic DNA samples from a large Chinese family (JSNY-067), including the proband and her father, who suffered from non-syndromic hearing loss. The pathogenicity of candidate nonsynonymous variants in ADNSHL genes was evaluated by co-segregation analysis in family members by direct PCR and Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, multiple in silico analyses (SIFT, Polyphen2, PROVEAN and MutationTaster) and molecular dynamics simulation were used to assess the potential pathogenicity of the candidate mutations. We identified a novel causative mutation, c.622A>G in MYO6 (DFNA22), that resulted in a p.K208E substitution. This mutation co-segregated with the hearing loss phenotype in extended family members, and was predicted to be pathogenic by SIFT, PolyPhen2, PROVEAN and MutationTaster. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation analysis revealed that the p.K208E substitution had a limited influence on the whole protein structure and stability, but that it could affect the locations of the sidechains of nearby hydrophilic residues, which in turn resulted in the sidechains of Asn186 and Glu190 being exposed more frequently at the surface of the protein. WES has thus been shown to be a useful molecular diagnostic tool in screening uncommon gene mutations associated with hereditary hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Yajie Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Qinjun Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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Ritt M, Sivaramakrishnan S. Engaging myosin VI tunes motility, morphology and identity in endocytosis. Traffic 2018; 19:10.1111/tra.12583. [PMID: 29869361 PMCID: PMC6437008 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While unconventional myosins interact with different stages of the endocytic pathway, they are ascribed a transport function that is secondary to the protein complexes that control organelle identity. Endosomes are subject to a dynamic, continuous flux of proteins that control their characteristic properties, including their motility within the cell. Efforts to describe the changes in identity of this compartment have largely focused on the adaptors present on the compartment and not on the motile properties of the compartment itself. In this study, we use a combination of optogenetic and chemical-dimerization strategies to target exogenous myosin VI to early endosomes, and probe its influence on organelle motility, morphology and identity. Our analysis across timescales suggests a model wherein the artificial engagement of myosin VI motility on early endosomes restricts microtubule-based motion, followed by morphological changes characterized by the rapid condensation and disintegration of organelles, ultimately leading to the enhanced overlap of markers that demarcate endosomal compartments. Together, our findings show that synthetic engagement of myosin VI motility is sufficient to alter organelle homeostasis in the endocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ritt
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sivaraj Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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O'Loughlin T, Masters TA, Buss F. The MYO6 interactome reveals adaptor complexes coordinating early endosome and cytoskeletal dynamics. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e44884. [PMID: 29467281 PMCID: PMC5891429 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular functions of myosin motors requires a number of adaptor molecules, which control cargo attachment, but also fine-tune motor activity in time and space. These motor-adaptor-cargo interactions are often weak, transient or highly regulated. To overcome these problems, we use a proximity labelling-based proteomics strategy to map the interactome of the unique minus end-directed actin motor MYO6. Detailed biochemical and functional analysis identified several distinct MYO6-adaptor modules including two complexes containing RhoGEFs: the LIFT (LARG-Induced F-actin for Tethering) complex that controls endosome positioning and motility through RHO-driven actin polymerisation; and the DISP (DOCK7-Induced Septin disPlacement) complex, a novel regulator of the septin cytoskeleton. These complexes emphasise the role of MYO6 in coordinating endosome dynamics and cytoskeletal architecture. This study provides the first in vivo interactome of a myosin motor protein and highlights the power of this approach in uncovering dynamic and functionally diverse myosin motor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O'Loughlin
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas A Masters
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, UK
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, UK
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