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Liu W, Li G, Huang D, Qin T. AKR1C3 promotes progression and mediates therapeutic resistance by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in small cell lung cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 47:102027. [PMID: 38954974 PMCID: PMC11263718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a high-grade neuroendocrine tumor characterized by initial sensitivity to chemotherapy, followed by the development of drug resistance. The underlying mechanisms of resistance in SCLC have not been fully elucidated. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), is known to be associated with chemoradiotherapy resistance in diverse tumors. We aim to evaluate the prognostic significance and immune characteristics of AKR1C3 and investigate its potential role in promoting drug resistance in SCLC. METHODS 81 postoperative SCLC tissues were used to analyze AKR1C3 prognostic value and immune features. The tissue microarrays were employed to validate the clinical significance of AKR1C3 in SCLC. The effects of AKR1C3 on SCLC cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis were detected by CCK-8, wound healing assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry and tube formation assay. RESULTS AKR1C3 demonstrated the highest expression level compared to other AKR1C family genes, and multivariate cox regression analysis identified it as an independent prognostic factor for SCLC. High AKR1C3 expression patients who underwent chemoradiotherapy experienced significantly shorter overall survival (OS). Furthermore, AKR1C3 was involved in the regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment in SCLC. Silencing of AKR1C3 led to the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration, while simultaneously promoting apoptosis and reducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SCLC. CONCLUSION AKR1C3 promotes cell growth and metastasis, leading to drug resistance through inducing EMT and angiogenesis in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Dingzhi Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
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2
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Böttger F, Radonic T, Bahce I, Monkhorst K, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Dingemans AC, Hillen LM, Santarpia M, Giovannetti E, Smit EF, Burgers SA, Jimenez CR. Identification of protein biomarkers for prediction of response to platinum-based treatment regimens in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1417-1436. [PMID: 38010703 PMCID: PMC11161729 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with resected stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are treated with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in a one-size-fits-all approach. However, a significant number of patients do not derive clinical benefit, and no predictive patient selection biomarker is currently available. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we have profiled tumour resection material of 2 independent, multi-centre cohorts of in total 67 patients with NSCLC who underwent ACT. Unsupervised cluster analysis of both cohorts revealed a poor response/survival sub-cluster composed of ~ 25% of the patients, that displayed a strong epithelial-mesenchymal transition signature and stromal phenotype. Beyond this stromal sub-population, we identified and validated platinum response prediction biomarker candidates involved in pathways relevant to the mechanism of action of platinum drugs, such as DNA damage repair, as well as less anticipated processes such as those related to the regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Integration with pre-clinical proteomics data supported a role for several of these candidate proteins in platinum response prediction. Validation of one of the candidates (HMGB1) in a third independent patient cohort using immunohistochemistry highlights the potential of translating these proteomics results to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Böttger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Idris Bahce
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Division of PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sander R. Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Thang V. Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Anne‐Marie C. Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology & Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa M. Hillen
- Department of PathologyMaastricht University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”University of MessinaItaly
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology LabFondazione Pisana per la ScienzaPisaItaly
| | - Egbert F. Smit
- Division of Thoracic OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesLeiden University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Sjaak A. Burgers
- Division of Thoracic OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Connie R. Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
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Trillo Aliaga P, Del Signore E, Fuorivia V, Spitaleri G, Asnaghi R, Attili I, Corvaja C, Carnevale Schianca A, Passaro A, de Marinis F. The Evolving Scenario of ES-SCLC Management: From Biology to New Cancer Therapeutics. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:701. [PMID: 38927637 PMCID: PMC11203015 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma accounting for 15% of lung cancers with dismal survival outcomes. Minimal changes in therapy and prognosis have occurred in SCLC for the past four decades. Recent progress in the treatment of extensive-stage disease (ES-SCLC) has been marked by incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) into platinum-based chemotherapy, leading to modest improvements. Moreover, few second-line-and-beyond treatment options are currently available. The main limitation for the molecular study of SCLC has been the scarcity of samples, because only very early diseases are treated with surgery and biopsies are not performed when the disease progresses. Despite all these difficulties, in recent years we have come to understand that SCLC is not a homogeneous disease. At the molecular level, in addition to the universal loss of retinoblastoma (RB) and TP53 genes, a recent large molecular study has identified other mutations that could serve as targets for therapy development or patient selection. In recent years, there has also been the identification of new genetic subtypes which have shown us how intertumor heterogeneity exists. Moreover, SCLC can also develop intratumoral heterogeneity linked mainly to the concept of cellular plasticity, mostly due to the development of resistance to therapies. The aim of this review is to quickly present the current standard of care of ES-SCLC, to focus on the molecular landscapes and subtypes of SCLC, subsequently present the most promising therapeutic strategies under investigation, and finally recap the future directions of ongoing clinical trials for this aggressive disease which still remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Trillo Aliaga
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Ester Del Signore
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fuorivia
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spitaleri
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Asnaghi
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Attili
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Corvaja
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Ambra Carnevale Schianca
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
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Valdez Capuccino L, Kleitke T, Szokol B, Svajda L, Martin F, Bonechi F, Krekó M, Azami S, Montinaro A, Wang Y, Nikolov V, Kaiser L, Bonasera D, Saggau J, Scholz T, Schmitt A, Beleggia F, Reinhardt HC, George J, Liccardi G, Walczak H, Tóvári J, Brägelmann J, Montero J, Sos ML, Őrfi L, Peltzer N. CDK9 inhibition as an effective therapy for small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:345. [PMID: 38769311 PMCID: PMC11106072 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Treatment-naïve small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is typically susceptible to standard-of-care chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and etoposide recently combined with PD-L1 inhibitors. Yet, in most cases, SCLC patients develop resistance to first-line therapy and alternative therapies are urgently required to overcome this resistance. In this study, we tested the efficacy of dinaciclib, an FDA-orphan drug and inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 9, among other CDKs, in SCLC. Furthermore, we report on a newly developed, highly specific CDK9 inhibitor, VC-1, with tumour-killing activity in SCLC. CDK9 inhibition displayed high killing potential in a panel of mouse and human SCLC cell lines. Mechanistically, CDK9 inhibition led to a reduction in MCL-1 and cFLIP anti-apoptotic proteins and killed cells, almost exclusively, by intrinsic apoptosis. While CDK9 inhibition did not synergise with chemotherapy, it displayed high efficacy in chemotherapy-resistant cells. In vivo, CDK9 inhibition effectively reduced tumour growth and improved survival in both autochthonous and syngeneic SCLC models. Together, this study shows that CDK9 inhibition is a promising therapeutic agent against SCLC and could be applied to chemo-refractory or resistant SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valdez Capuccino
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Kleitke
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Szokol
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Veszprém, Hungary
| | - L Svajda
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - F Martin
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Bonechi
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Krekó
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Veszprém, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Azami
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Y Wang
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - V Nikolov
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cell death, inflammation and immunity laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L Kaiser
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Bonasera
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cell death, inflammation and immunity laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Genome instability, inflammation and cell death laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Saggau
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cell death, inflammation and immunity laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Genome instability, inflammation and cell death laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - T Scholz
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Schmitt
- University Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Department I for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Beleggia
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Department I for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H C Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK partner site Essen), Essen, Germany
| | - J George
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Liccardi
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Genome instability, inflammation and cell death laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H Walczak
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cell death, inflammation and immunity laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry I, Centre for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Brägelmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Montero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M L Sos
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- Division for Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), The German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), München Partner Site, Ludwig-Maximilian University München, Munich, Germany
| | - L Őrfi
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., Veszprém, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - N Peltzer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany.
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Gao X, Liu T, Fan M, Sun H, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu H, Zhang R, Li Z, Huang W. The therapeutic effect of radiotherapy combined with systemic therapy compared to radiotherapy alone in patients with simple brain metastasis after first-line treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:89. [PMID: 38600579 PMCID: PMC11005192 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy (RT) plus systemic therapy (ST) with RT alone in patients with simple brain metastasis (BM) after first-line treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). METHODS The patients were treated at a single center from January 2011 to January 2022. BM only without metastases to other organs was defined as simple BM. The eligible patients were divided into RT alone (monotherapy arm) and RT plus ST (combined therapy arm). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to examine factors associated with increased risk of extracranial progression. After 1:1 propensity score matching analysis, two groups were compared for extracranial progression-free survival (ePFS), PFS, overall survival (OS), and intracranial PFS (iPFS). RESULTS 133 patients were identified and 100 were analyzed (monotherapy arm: n = 50, combined therapy arm: n = 50). The ePFS of the combined therapy was significantly longer than that of the monotherapy, with a median ePFS of 13.2 months (95% CI, 6.6-19.8) in combined therapy and 8.2 months (95% CI, 5.7-10.7) in monotherapy (P = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences in PFS (P = 0.057), OS (P = 0.309), or iPFS (P = 0.448). Multifactorial analysis showed that combined therapy was independently associated with better ePFS compared with monotherapy (HR = 0.617, P = 0.034); more than 5 BMs were associated with worse ePFS compared with 1-5 BMs (HR = 1.808, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Compared with RT alone, combined therapy improves ePFS in patients with simple BM after first-line treatment of LS-SCLC. Combined therapy and 1-5 BMs reduce the risk of extracranial recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongfu Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shixuan Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haolin Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhanyuan Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Oser MG, MacPherson D, Oliver TG, Sage J, Park KS. Genetically-engineered mouse models of small cell lung cancer: the next generation. Oncogene 2024; 43:457-469. [PMID: 38191672 PMCID: PMC11180418 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains the most fatal form of lung cancer, with patients in dire need of new and effective therapeutic approaches. Modeling SCLC in an immunocompetent host is essential for understanding SCLC pathogenesis and ultimately discovering and testing new experimental therapeutic strategies. Human SCLC is characterized by near universal genetic loss of the RB1 and TP53 tumor suppressor genes. Twenty years ago, the first genetically-engineered mouse model (GEMM) of SCLC was generated using conditional deletion of both Rb1 and Trp53 in the lungs of adult mice. Since then, several other GEMMs of SCLC have been developed coupling genomic alterations found in human SCLC with Rb1 and Trp53 deletion. Here we summarize how GEMMs of SCLC have contributed significantly to our understanding of the disease in the past two decades. We also review recent advances in modeling SCLC in mice that allow investigators to bypass limitations of the previous generation of GEMMs while studying new genes of interest in SCLC. In particular, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated somatic gene editing can accelerate how new genes of interest are functionally interrogated in SCLC tumorigenesis. Notably, the development of allograft models and precancerous precursor models from SCLC GEMMs provides complementary approaches to GEMMs to study tumor cell-immune microenvironment interactions and test new therapeutic strategies to enhance response to immunotherapy. Ultimately, the new generation of SCLC models can accelerate research and help develop new therapeutic strategies for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Oser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - David MacPherson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kwon-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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7
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Ko JH, Lambert KE, Bhattacharya D, Lee MC, Colón CI, Hauser H, Sage J. Small Cell Lung Cancer Plasticity Enables NFIB-Independent Metastasis. Cancer Res 2024; 84:226-240. [PMID: 37963187 PMCID: PMC10842891 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer, highlighting the need to identify improved treatment and prevention strategies. Previous observations in preclinical models and tumors from patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a fatal form of lung cancer with high metastatic potential, identified the transcription factor NFIB as a driver of tumor growth and metastasis. However, investigation into the requirement for NFIB activity for tumor growth and metastasis in relevant in vivo models is needed to establish NFIB as a therapeutic target. Here, using conditional gene knockout strategies in genetically engineered mouse models of SCLC, we found that upregulation of NFIB contributes to tumor progression, but NFIB is not required for metastasis. Molecular studies in NFIB wild-type and knockout tumors identified the pioneer transcription factors FOXA1/2 as candidate drivers of metastatic progression. Thus, while NFIB upregulation is a frequent event in SCLC during tumor progression, SCLC tumors can employ NFIB-independent mechanisms for metastasis, further highlighting the plasticity of these tumors. SIGNIFICANCE Small cell lung cancer cells overcome deficiency of the prometastatic oncogene NFIB to gain metastatic potential through various molecular mechanisms, which may represent targets to block progression of this fatal cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H. Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kyle E. Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Debadrita Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Myung Chang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caterina I. Colón
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haley Hauser
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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8
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Wollenzien H, Tecleab YA, Szczepaniak-Sloane R, Restaino A, Kareta MS. Single-Cell Evolutionary Analysis Reveals Drivers of Plasticity and Mediators of Chemoresistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:892-907. [PMID: 37256926 PMCID: PMC10527088 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is often a heterogeneous tumor, where dynamic regulation of key transcription factors can drive multiple populations of phenotypically different cells which contribute differentially to tumor dynamics. This tumor is characterized by a very low 2-year survival rate, high rates of metastasis, and rapid acquisition of chemoresistance. The heterogeneous nature of this tumor makes it difficult to study and to treat, as it is not clear how or when this heterogeneity arises. Here we describe temporal, single-cell analysis of SCLC to investigate tumor initiation and chemoresistance in both SCLC xenografts and an autochthonous SCLC model. We identify an early population of tumor cells with high expression of AP-1 network genes that are critical for tumor growth. Furthermore, we have identified and validated the cancer testis antigens (CTA) PAGE5 and GAGE2A as mediators of chemoresistance in human SCLC. CTAs have been successfully targeted in other tumor types and may be a promising avenue for targeted therapy in SCLC. IMPLICATIONS Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of SCLC can shed light on key mechanisms such as cellular plasticity, heterogeneity, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wollenzien
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Genetics & Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | | | - Robert Szczepaniak-Sloane
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Genetics & Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Anthony Restaino
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Michael S. Kareta
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Genetics & Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
- Functional Genomics & Bioinformatics Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
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9
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Sanchez-Martin A, Sanchon-Sanchez P, Romero MR, Marin JJG, Briz O. Impact of tumor suppressor genes inactivation on the multidrug resistance phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115209. [PMID: 37499450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to pharmacological treatments is unsatisfactory and heterogeneous. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) by genetic and epigenetic events is frequent in HCC. This study aimed at investigating the impact of frequently altered TSGs on HCC chemoresistance. TSG alterations were screened by in silico analysis of TCGA-LIHC database, and their relationship with survival was investigated. These TSGs were silenced in HCC-derived cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9. TLDA was used to determine the expression of a panel of 94 genes involved in the resistome. Drug sensitivity, cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration were assessed. The in silico study revealed the down-regulation of frequently inactivated TSGs in HCC (ARID1A, PTEN, CDH1, and the target of p53, CDKN1A). The presence of TP53 and ARID1A variants and the low expression of PTEN and CDH1 correlated with a worse prognosis of HCC patients. In PLC/PRF/5 cells, ARID1A knockout (ARID1AKO) induced increased sensitivity to cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cabozantinib, without affecting other characteristics of malignancy. PTENKO and E-CadKO showed minimal changes in malignancy, resistome, and drug response. In p53KO HepG2 cells, enhanced malignant properties and higher resistance to cisplatin, doxorubicin, sorafenib, and regorafenib were found. This was associated with changes in the resistome. In conclusion, the altered expression and function of several TSGs are involved in the heterogeneity of HCC chemoresistance and other features of malignancy, contributing to the poor prognosis of these patients. Individual identification of pharmacological vulnerabilities is required to select the most appropriate treatment for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Sanchez-Martin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula Sanchon-Sanchez
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta R Romero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Yang M, Zhang S, Jiang R, Chen S, Huang M. Circlehunter: a tool to identify extrachromosomal circular DNA from ATAC-Seq data. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:28. [PMID: 37217468 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer, extrachromosomal circular DNA (ecDNA), or megabase-pair amplified circular DNA, plays an essential role in intercellular heterogeneity and tumor cell revolution because of its non-Mendelian inheritance. We developed circlehunter ( https://github.com/suda-huanglab/circlehunter ), a tool for identifying ecDNA from ATAC-Seq data using the enhanced chromatin accessibility of ecDNA. Using simulated data, we showed that circlehunter has an F1 score of 0.93 at 30× local depth and read lengths as short as 35 bp. Based on 1312 ecDNAs predicted from 94 publicly available datasets of ATAC-Seq assays, we found 37 oncogenes contained in these ecDNAs with amplification characteristics. In small cell lung cancer cell lines, ecDNA containing MYC leads to amplification of MYC and cis-regulates the expression of NEUROD1, resulting in an expression pattern consistent with the NEUROD1 high expression subtype and sensitive to Aurora kinase inhibitors. This showcases that circlehunter could serve as a valuable pipeline for the investigation of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqiu Yang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Shufan Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Shaomu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
| | - Moli Huang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
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11
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Yehia L, Centomo ML, Pandolfi PP, Eng C. Two's Company, Three's a Crowd: Rb1/Trp53/Pten Trifecta and Lung Cancer Molecular and Histopathologic Heterogeneity. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:260-261. [PMID: 36842808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maria Laura Centomo
- William N. Pennington Cancer Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, Nevada
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- William N. Pennington Cancer Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, Nevada
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Community Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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12
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Zhang L, Liu C, Zhang B, Zheng J, Singh PK, Bshara W, Wang J, Gomez EC, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhu X, Goodrich DW. PTEN Loss Expands the Histopathologic Diversity and Lineage Plasticity of Lung Cancers Initiated by Rb1/Trp53 Deletion. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:324-338. [PMID: 36473627 PMCID: PMC9974779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-grade neuroendocrine tumors of the lung such as SCLC are recalcitrant cancers for which more effective systemic therapies are needed. Despite their histopathologic and molecular heterogeneity, they are generally treated as a single disease entity with similar chemotherapy regimens. Whereas marked clinical responses can be observed, they are short-lived. Inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity is considered a confounding factor in these unsatisfactory clinical outcomes, yet the origin of this heterogeneity and its impact on therapeutic responses is not well understood. METHODS New genetically engineered mouse models are used to test the effects of PTEN loss on the development of lung tumors initiated by Rb1 and Trp53 tumor suppressor gene deletion. RESULTS Complete PTEN loss drives more rapid tumor development with a greater diversity of tumor histopathology ranging from adenocarcinoma to SCLC. PTEN loss also drives transcriptional heterogeneity as marked lineage plasticity is observed within histopathologic subtypes. Spatial profiling indicates transcriptional heterogeneity exists both within and among tumor foci with transcriptional patterns correlating with spatial position, implying that the growth environment influences gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These results identify PTEN loss as a clinically relevant genetic alteration driving the molecular and histopathologic heterogeneity of neuroendocrine lung tumors initiated by Rb1/Trp53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York; Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Congrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Wiam Bshara
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
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13
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Molecular features and evolutionary trajectory of ASCL1 + and NEUROD1 + SCLC cells. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:748-759. [PMID: 36517551 PMCID: PMC9977910 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive subtype of lung cancer without recognised morphologic or genetic heterogeneity. Based on the expression of four transcription factors, ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1, SCLCs are classified into four subtypes. However, biological functions of these different subtypes are largely uncharacterised. METHODS We studied intratumoural heterogeneity of resected human primary SCLC tissues using single-cell RNA-Seq. In addition, we undertook a series of in vitro and in vivo functional studies to reveal the distinct features of SCLC subtypes. RESULTS We identify the coexistence of ASCL1+ and NEUROD1+ SCLC cells within the same human primary SCLC tissue. Compared with ASCL1+ SCLC cells, NEUROD1+ SCLC cells show reduced epithelial features and lack EPCAM expression. Thus, EPCAM can be considered as a cell surface marker to distinguish ASCL1+ SCLC cells from NEUROD1+ SCLC cells. We further demonstrate that NEUROD1+ SCLC cells exhibit higher metastatic capability than ASCL1+ SCLC cells and can be derived from ASCL1+ SCLC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our studies unveil the biology and evolutionary trajectory of ASCL1+ and NEUROD1+ SCLC cells, shedding light on SCLC tumourigenesis and progression.
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14
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Yaourtis AM, Levina A, Lay PA. Tumour cell heterogeneity in triple-negative breast cancer cells affects response to cisplatin, but not doxorubicin. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 239:112082. [PMID: 36459780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumour cell heterogeneity affects cisplatin but not doxorubicin cytotoxicity in two phenotypes of the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231. A mesenchymal MDA-MB-231 phenotype was three times less sensitive to cisplatin than an epithelial-type phenotype from the same cell line, which has important implications in the success of TNBC chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria M Yaourtis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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15
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Sun J, Chen J. [Research Progress of DNA Methylation in Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2023; 26:52-58. [PMID: 36792081 PMCID: PMC9987084 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2023.101.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most common malignant tumors, lung cancer poses a serious threat to human life and health. The platinum-based drug cisplatin (DDP) is used as the first-line treatment for lung cancer. The poor prognosis of lung cancer is mostly due to developed resistance to cisplatin, which poses a serious treatment challenge. The mechanism of cisplatin resistance is complex and unclear. Numerous studies have shown that DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the emergence of lung cancer cisplatin resistance. DNA hypermethylation results in the deactivation of numerous drug resistance genes and tumor suppressor genes through a change in chromatin conformation. Finding new therapeutic targets and indicators to predict the therapeutic effect can be aided by elucidating the complex mechanism. In order to discover novel strategies to overcome cisplatin resistance in lung cancer, this paper discusses DNA methylation-mediated cisplatin resistance and offers an overview of current demethylation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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16
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Ling B, Zhang Z, Xiang Z, Cai Y, Zhang X, Wu J. Advances in the application of proteomics in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:993781. [PMID: 36237335 PMCID: PMC9552298 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.993781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence and mortality of lung cancer have decreased significantly in the past decade, it is still one of the leading causes of death, which greatly impairs people’s life and health. Proteomics is an emerging technology that involves the application of techniques for identifying and quantifying the overall proteins in cells, tissues and organisms, and can be combined with genomics, transcriptomics to form a multi-omics research model. By comparing the content of proteins between normal and tumor tissues, proteomics can be applied to different clinical aspects like diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, especially the exploration of disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The applications of proteomics have promoted the research on lung cancer. To figure out potential applications of proteomics associated with lung cancer, we summarized the role of proteomics in studies about tumorigenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and resistance of lung cancer in this review, which will provide guidance for more rational application of proteomics and potential therapeutic strategies of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Nanjing Medical University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Cai
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wu,
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17
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Zhu Y, Cui Y, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Sun G. Small-cell lung cancer brain metastasis: From molecular mechanisms to diagnosis and treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166557. [PMID: 36162624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most malignant human cancer worldwide, also with the highest incidence rate. However, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 14 % of all lung cancer cases. Approximately 10 % of patients with SCLC have brain metastasis at the time of diagnosis, which is the leading cause of death of patients with SCLC worldwide. The median overall survival is only 4.9 months, and a long-tern cure exists for patients with SCLC brain metastasis due to limited common therapeutic options. Recent studies have enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to meningeal metastasis, and multimodality treatments have brought new hopes for a better cure for the disease. This review aimed to offer an insight into the cellular processes of different metastatic stages of SCLC revealed by the established animal models, and into the major diagnostic methods of SCLC. Additionally, it provided in-depth information on the recent advances in SCLC treatments, and highlighted several new models and biomarkers with promises to improve the prognosis of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Zhu
- Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Yishuang Cui
- Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Guogui Sun
- Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China.
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18
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Zingg D, Bhin J, Yemelyanenko J, Kas SM, Rolfs F, Lutz C, Lee JK, Klarenbeek S, Silverman IM, Annunziato S, Chan CS, Piersma SR, Eijkman T, Badoux M, Gogola E, Siteur B, Sprengers J, de Klein B, de Goeij-de Haas RR, Riedlinger GM, Ke H, Madison R, Drenth AP, van der Burg E, Schut E, Henneman L, van Miltenburg MH, Proost N, Zhen H, Wientjens E, de Bruijn R, de Ruiter JR, Boon U, de Korte-Grimmerink R, van Gerwen B, Féliz L, Abou-Alfa GK, Ross JS, van de Ven M, Rottenberg S, Cuppen E, Chessex AV, Ali SM, Burn TC, Jimenez CR, Ganesan S, Wessels LFA, Jonkers J. Truncated FGFR2 is a clinically actionable oncogene in multiple cancers. Nature 2022; 608:609-617. [PMID: 35948633 PMCID: PMC9436779 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Somatic hotspot mutations and structural amplifications and fusions that affect fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (encoded by FGFR2) occur in multiple types of cancer1. However, clinical responses to FGFR inhibitors have remained variable1–9, emphasizing the need to better understand which FGFR2 alterations are oncogenic and therapeutically targetable. Here we apply transposon-based screening10,11 and tumour modelling in mice12,13, and find that the truncation of exon 18 (E18) of Fgfr2 is a potent driver mutation. Human oncogenomic datasets revealed a diverse set of FGFR2 alterations, including rearrangements, E1–E17 partial amplifications, and E18 nonsense and frameshift mutations, each causing the transcription of E18-truncated FGFR2 (FGFR2ΔE18). Functional in vitro and in vivo examination of a compendium of FGFR2ΔE18 and full-length variants pinpointed FGFR2-E18 truncation as single-driver alteration in cancer. By contrast, the oncogenic competence of FGFR2 full-length amplifications depended on a distinct landscape of cooperating driver genes. This suggests that genomic alterations that generate stable FGFR2ΔE18 variants are actionable therapeutic targets, which we confirmed in preclinical mouse and human tumour models, and in a clinical trial. We propose that cancers containing any FGFR2 variant with a truncated E18 should be considered for FGFR-targeted therapies. Truncation of exon 18 of FGFR2 (FGFR2ΔE18) is a potent driver mutation in mice and humans, and FGFR-targeted therapy should be considered for patients with cancer expressing stable FGFR2ΔE18 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zingg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinhyuk Bhin
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Yemelyanenko
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors M Kas
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Rolfs
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Lutz
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chang S Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sander R Piersma
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Eijkman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon Badoux
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Siteur
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Justin Sprengers
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bim de Klein
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard R de Goeij-de Haas
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory M Riedlinger
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Department of Pathology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hua Ke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Schut
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine H van Miltenburg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie Proost
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ellen Wientjens
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Boon
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bastiaan van Gerwen
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Féliz
- Incyte Biosciences International, Morges, Switzerland
| | - Ghassan K Abou-Alfa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Upstate University Hospital, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Connie R Jimenez
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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19
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Stanzione M, Zhong J, Wong E, LaSalle TJ, Wise JF, Simoneau A, Myers DT, Phat S, Sade-Feldman M, Lawrence MS, Hadden MK, Zou L, Farago AF, Dyson NJ, Drapkin BJ. Translesion DNA synthesis mediates acquired resistance to olaparib plus temozolomide in small cell lung cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1229. [PMID: 35559669 PMCID: PMC9106301 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In small cell lung cancer (SCLC), acquired resistance to DNA-damaging therapy is challenging to study because rebiopsy is rarely performed. We used patient-derived xenograft models, established before therapy and after progression, to dissect acquired resistance to olaparib plus temozolomide (OT), a promising experimental therapy for relapsed SCLC. These pairs of serial models reveal alterations in both cell cycle kinetics and DNA replication and demonstrate both inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity in mechanisms of resistance. In one model pair, up-regulation of translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) enabled tolerance of OT-induced damage during DNA replication. TLS inhibitors restored sensitivity to OT both in vitro and in vivo, and similar synergistic effects were seen in additional SCLC cell lines. This represents the first described mechanism of acquired resistance to DNA damage in a patient with SCLC and highlights the potential of the serial model approach to investigate and overcome resistance to therapy in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Zhong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edmond Wong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J. LaSalle
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jillian F. Wise
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - David T. Myers
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Phat
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael S. Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Kyle Hadden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna F. Farago
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Drapkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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20
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Xu D, Wang L, Wieczorek K, Wang Y, Zhang X, Goodrich DW, Li Q. Ex Vivo Organoid Model of Adenovirus-Cre Mediated Gene Deletions in Mouse Urothelial Cells. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63855. [PMID: 35604166 PMCID: PMC9768623 DOI: 10.3791/63855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is an understudied area, particularly in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Inbred GEMMs with tissue-specific Cre and loxP sites have been the gold standards for conditional or inducible gene targeting. To provide faster and more efficient experimental models, an ex vivo organoid culture system is developed using adenovirus Cre and normal urothelial cells carrying multiple loxP alleles of the tumor suppressors Trp53, Pten, and Rb1. Normal urothelial cells are enzymatically disassociated from four bladders of triple floxed mice (Trp53f/f: Ptenf/f: Rb1f/f). The urothelial cells are transduced ex vivo with adenovirus-Cre driven by a CMV promoter (Ad5CMVCre). The transduced bladder organoids are cultured, propagated, and characterized in vitro and in vivo. PCR is used to confirm gene deletions in Trp53, Pten, and Rb1. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining of organoids demonstrates positive expression of urothelial lineage markers (CK5 and p63). The organoids are injected subcutaneously into host mice for tumor expansion and serial passages. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) of xenografts exhibits positive expression of CK7, CK5, and p63 and negative expression of CK8 and Uroplakin 3. In summary, adenovirus-mediated gene deletion from mouse urothelial cells engineered with loxP sites is an efficient method to rapidly test the tumorigenic potential of defined genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Xu
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Kyle Wieczorek
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center;
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21
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Kashima J, Okuma Y. Advances in biology and novel treatments of SCLC: The four-color problem in uncharted territory. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:386-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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22
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Lissa D, Takahashi N, Desai P, Manukyan I, Schultz CW, Rajapakse V, Velez MJ, Mulford D, Roper N, Nichols S, Vilimas R, Sciuto L, Chen Y, Guha U, Rajan A, Atkinson D, El Meskini R, Weaver Ohler Z, Thomas A. Heterogeneity of neuroendocrine transcriptional states in metastatic small cell lung cancers and patient-derived models. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2023. [PMID: 35440132 PMCID: PMC9018864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular subtypes of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) defined by the expression of key transcription regulators have recently been proposed in cell lines and limited number of primary tumors. The clinical and biological implications of neuroendocrine (NE) subtypes in metastatic SCLC, and the extent to which they vary within and between patient tumors and in patient-derived models is not known. We integrate histology, transcriptome, exome, and treatment outcomes of SCLC from a range of metastatic sites, revealing complex intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of NE differentiation. Transcriptomic analysis confirms previously described subtypes based on ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, YAP1, and ATOH1 expression, and reveal a clinical subtype with hybrid NE and non-NE phenotypes, marked by chemotherapy-resistance and exceedingly poor outcomes. NE tumors are more likely to have RB1, NOTCH, and chromatin modifier gene mutations, upregulation of DNA damage response genes, and are more likely to respond to replication stress targeted therapies. In contrast, patients preferentially benefited from immunotherapy if their tumors were non-NE. Transcriptional phenotypes strongly skew towards the NE state in patient-derived model systems, an observation that was confirmed in paired patient-matched tumors and xenografts. We provide a framework that unifies transcriptomic and genomic dimensions of metastatic SCLC. The marked differences in transcriptional diversity between patient tumors and model systems are likely to have implications in development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Lissa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Medical Oncology Department, Center Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Parth Desai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Irena Manukyan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher W Schultz
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vinodh Rajapakse
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Moises J Velez
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Deborah Mulford
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Samantha Nichols
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rasa Vilimas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Linda Sciuto
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Cancer and Hematology Centers of Western Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Udayan Guha
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Arun Rajan
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Devon Atkinson
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rajaa El Meskini
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Zoe Weaver Ohler
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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23
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Krencz I, Sztankovics D, Danko T, Sebestyen A, Khoor A. Progression and metastasis of small cell lung carcinoma: the role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and metabolic alterations. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1141-1157. [PMID: 34958428 PMCID: PMC8825381 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is characterized by high metastatic rate and poor prognosis. The platinum-based chemotherapy still represents the backbone of the therapy; however, acquired resistance develops almost in all patients. Although SCLC has been formerly considered a homogeneous disease, recent advances in SCLC research have highlighted the importance of inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity and have resulted in the subclassification of SCLC. The newly described SCLC subtypes are characterized by distinct biological behavior and vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is frequently affected in SCLC, and its activation represents a promising therapeutic target. Since the mTOR pathway is a master regulator of cellular metabolism, its alterations may also influence the bioenergetic processes of SCLC cells. Despite the encouraging preclinical results, both mTOR and metabolic inhibitors have met limited clinical success so far. Patient selection for personalized therapy, the development of rational drug combinations, and a better understanding of heterogeneity and spatiotemporal evolution of the tumor cells may improve efficacy and can help to overcome acquired resistance. Here we provide a summary of current investigations regarding the role of the mTOR pathway and metabolic alterations in the progression and metastasis formation of SCLC.
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24
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Suphavilai C, Chia S, Sharma A, Tu L, Da Silva RP, Mongia A, DasGupta R, Nagarajan N. Predicting heterogeneity in clone-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities using single-cell transcriptomic signatures. Genome Med 2021; 13:189. [PMID: 34915921 PMCID: PMC8680165 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-01000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While understanding molecular heterogeneity across patients underpins precision oncology, there is increasing appreciation for taking intra-tumor heterogeneity into account. Based on large-scale analysis of cancer omics datasets, we highlight the importance of intra-tumor transcriptomic heterogeneity (ITTH) for predicting clinical outcomes. Leveraging single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) with a recommender system (CaDRReS-Sc), we show that heterogeneous gene-expression signatures can predict drug response with high accuracy (80%). Using patient-proximal cell lines, we established the validity of CaDRReS-Sc's monotherapy (Pearson r>0.6) and combinatorial predictions targeting clone-specific vulnerabilities (>10% improvement). Applying CaDRReS-Sc to rapidly expanding scRNA-seq compendiums can serve as in silico screen to accelerate drug-repurposing studies. Availability: https://github.com/CSB5/CaDRReS-Sc .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shumei Chia
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorna Tu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rafael Peres Da Silva
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aanchal Mongia
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, India
| | | | - Niranjan Nagarajan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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25
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Arnal-Estapé A, Foggetti G, Starrett JH, Nguyen DX, Politi K. Preclinical Models for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a037820. [PMID: 34518338 PMCID: PMC8634791 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Experimental preclinical models have been a cornerstone of lung cancer translational research. Work in these model systems has provided insights into the biology of lung cancer subtypes and their origins, contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie tumor progression, and revealed new therapeutic vulnerabilities. Initially patient-derived lung cancer cell lines were the main preclinical models available. The landscape is very different now with numerous preclinical models for research each with unique characteristics. These include genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and three-dimensional culture systems ("organoid" cultures). Here we review the development and applications of these models and describe their contributions to lung cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arnal-Estapé
- Department of Pathology
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | | | | | - Don X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology)
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology)
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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26
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Li X, Li C, Guo C, Zhao Q, Cao J, Huang HY, Yue M, Xue Y, Jin Y, Hu L, Ji H. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling orchestrates the phenotypic transition and chemo-resistance of small cell lung cancer. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:640-651. [PMID: 34167917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a phenotypically heterogeneous disease with an extremely poor prognosis, which is mainly attributed to the rapid development of resistance to chemotherapy. However, the relation between the growth phenotypes and chemo-resistance of SCLC remains largely unclear. Through comprehensive bioinformatic analyses, we found that the heterogeneity of SCLC phenotype was significantly associated with different sensitivity to chemotherapy. Adherent or semiadherent SCLC cells were enriched with activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and were highly chemoresistant. Mechanistically, activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway promotes the phenotypic transition from suspension to adhesion growth pattern and confers SCLC cells with chemo-resistance. Such chemo-resistance could be largely overcome by combining chemotherapy with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors. Our findings support that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays an important role in SCLC phenotype transition and chemo-resistance, which holds important clinical implications for improving SCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospita, Hengyang MedicalSchool, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospita, Hengyang MedicalSchool, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chenchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jiayu Cao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meiting Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200120, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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27
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Wei M, Zhang R, Zhang F, Zhang Y. Evaluating cell viability heterogeneity based on information fusion of multiple adhesion strengths. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2360-2367. [PMID: 33694331 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell viability evaluation is significantly meaningful for cellular assays. Some cells with weak viability are easily killed in the detection of anticancer drugs, while others with strong viability survive and proliferate, ultimately leading to the treatment failure or the inaccuracy of biological assays. Accurately evaluating cell viability heterogeneity still remains difficult. This article proposed a multiphysical property information fusion method for evaluating cell viability heterogeneity based on polynomial regression in a single-channel integrated microfluidic chip. In this method, adhesion strengths τN , that are defined as the magnitude of shear stress needed to detach (100 - N) % of cell population, were extracted as the independent variables of polynomial regression model by calculating the nonlinear fitting of the impedance-response curves for shear stress (cell detachment assay). Besides, by calculating the nonlinear fitting of the drug dose-response curves for cancer cells (IC50 assay), the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) was extracted as the dependent variables of polynomial regression model. The results show that the mean relative error of our fusion method averagely reduces by 6.04% and 62.79% compared with the multiple linear regression method and the cell counting method. Moreover, a simplified theoretical model used to describe the quantitative relationship between cell viability and its adhesion strengths was built to provide a theoretical basis for our fusion method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingji Wei
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongbiao Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yecheng Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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28
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Ferone G, Song JY, Krijgsman O, van der Vliet J, Cozijnsen M, Semenova EA, Adams DJ, Peeper D, Berns A. FGFR1 Oncogenic Activation Reveals an Alternative Cell of Origin of SCLC in Rb1/p53 Mice. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3837-3850.e3. [PMID: 32187553 PMCID: PMC7090386 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is frequently amplified in human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), but its contribution to SCLC and other lung tumors has remained elusive. Here, we assess the tumorigenic capacity of constitutive-active FGFR1 (FGFR1K656E) with concomitant RB and P53 depletion in mouse lung. Our results reveal a context-dependent effect of FGFR1K656E: it impairs SCLC development from CGRPPOS neuroendocrine (NE) cells, which are considered the major cell of origin of SCLC, whereas it promotes SCLC and low-grade NE bronchial lesions from tracheobronchial-basal cells. Moreover, FGFR1K656E induces lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) from most lung cell compartments. However, its expression is not sustained in LADC originating from CGRPPOS cells. Therefore, cell context and tumor stage should be taken into account when considering FGFR1 inhibition as a therapeutic option. FGRF signaling impairs SCLC development initiated from CGRPPOS NE cells FGRF signaling promotes development of NE tumors initiated from K14POS cells Rb;p53;Fgfr1 mice develop ADCs that retain signatures of their cell of origin Low expression of Fgfr1 in progressed tumors suggests a role in tumor initiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Giustina Ferone
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Division of Molecular Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Oncode Institute, Department of Experimental Animal Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Vliet
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Cozijnsen
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina A Semenova
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Daniel Peeper
- Oncode Institute, Department of Experimental Animal Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Berns
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Gay CM, Stewart CA, Park EM, Diao L, Groves SM, Heeke S, Nabet BY, Fujimoto J, Solis LM, Lu W, Xi Y, Cardnell RJ, Wang Q, Fabbri G, Cargill KR, Vokes NI, Ramkumar K, Zhang B, Della Corte CM, Robson P, Swisher SG, Roth JA, Glisson BS, Shames DS, Wistuba II, Wang J, Quaranta V, Minna J, Heymach JV, Byers LA. Patterns of transcription factor programs and immune pathway activation define four major subtypes of SCLC with distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:346-360.e7. [PMID: 33482121 PMCID: PMC8143037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite molecular and clinical heterogeneity, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is treated as a single entity with predictably poor results. Using tumor expression data and non-negative matrix factorization, we identify four SCLC subtypes defined largely by differential expression of transcription factors ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 or low expression of all three transcription factor signatures accompanied by an Inflamed gene signature (SCLC-A, N, P, and I, respectively). SCLC-I experiences the greatest benefit from the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy, while the other subtypes each have distinct vulnerabilities, including to inhibitors of PARP, Aurora kinases, or BCL-2. Cisplatin treatment of SCLC-A patient-derived xenografts induces intratumoral shifts toward SCLC-I, supporting subtype switching as a mechanism of acquired platinum resistance. We propose that matching baseline tumor subtype to therapy, as well as manipulating subtype switching on therapy, may enhance depth and duration of response for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Allison Stewart
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Park
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah M Groves
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Simon Heeke
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barzin Y Nabet
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanxin Xi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Cardnell
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kasey R Cargill
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalie I Vokes
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kavya Ramkumar
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingnan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carminia M Della Corte
- Department of Precision Medicine, Oncology Division, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Shames
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vito Quaranta
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John Minna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Simmons Cancer Center, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Yu S, Jia M, Li Y, Sun PL, Gao H. Differential Expression of PD-L1 in Central and Peripheral and TTF1-Positive and -Negative Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:621838. [PMID: 33585516 PMCID: PMC7874122 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.621838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Central and peripheral location as well as thyroid transcription factor-I (TTF-1) expression was reported to be associated with different characteristics and prognosis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study aimed to investigate differential expression of PD-L1 in different SCLC subtypes, and in biopsy and resection specimens. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 142 SCLC tumor samples using immunohistochemistry to correlate PD-L1 (22C3) expression with clinicopathologic features and survival data. Results: PD-L1 expression was found in 19.7% SCLCs (28/142) and was more frequent in females than in males (32%, 16/50 vs. 13%, 12/92, p = 0.009), in central type than in peripheral type SCLCs (26%, 26/100 vs. 4.8%, 2/42, p = 0.003), and in TTF-1 positive than in negative SCLCs (23.8%, 25/105 vs. 8.1%, 3/37, p = 0.039). PD-L1 expression was associated with vascular (p = 0.001) and lymphatic invasion (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in PD-L1 expression between biopsy and resection specimens. On univariate analysis, patients with PD-L1 expression had significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.026) and overall survival (OS; p = 0.012). Multivariate analysis revealed that PD-L1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR, 2.317; 95% CI 1.199–4.478; p = 0.012) and PFS (HR, 1.636; 95% CI 0.990–2.703; p = 0.051) in SCLC. Conclusions: PD-L1 expression was more frequent in central type, TTF-1 positive SCLCs, and predicted a poor clinical outcome in these patients. Therefore, tumor location and TTF-1 expression could predict expression status of PD-L1, and could potentially serve as clinical response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shili Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Jia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuemin Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping-Li Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongwen Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents about 15% of all lung cancers and is marked by an exceptionally high proliferative rate, strong predilection for early metastasis and poor prognosis. SCLC is strongly associated with exposure to tobacco carcinogens. Most patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis, with only one-third having earlier-stage disease that is amenable to potentially curative multimodality therapy. Genomic profiling of SCLC reveals extensive chromosomal rearrangements and a high mutation burden, almost always including functional inactivation of the tumour suppressor genes TP53 and RB1. Analyses of both human SCLC and murine models have defined subtypes of disease based on the relative expression of dominant transcriptional regulators and have also revealed substantial intratumoural heterogeneity. Aspects of this heterogeneity have been implicated in tumour evolution, metastasis and acquired therapeutic resistance. Although clinical progress in SCLC treatment has been notoriously slow, a better understanding of the biology of disease has uncovered novel vulnerabilities that might be amenable to targeted therapeutic approaches. The recent introduction of immune checkpoint blockade into the treatment of patients with SCLC is offering new hope, with a small subset of patients deriving prolonged benefit. Strategies to direct targeted therapies to those patients who are most likely to respond and to extend the durable benefit of effective antitumour immunity to a greater fraction of patients are urgently needed and are now being actively explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elisabeth Brambilla
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Faivre-Finn
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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32
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Ko J, Winslow MM, Sage J. Mechanisms of small cell lung cancer metastasis. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13122. [PMID: 33296145 PMCID: PMC7799359 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the ability of cancer cells to metastasize remain relatively poorly understood. Among all solid tumors, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has remarkable metastatic proclivity, with a majority of patients diagnosed with metastatic disease. Our understanding of SCLC metastasis has been hampered for many years by the paucity of material from primary tumors and metastases, as well as the lack of faithful pre-clinical models. Here, we review recent advances that are helping circumvent these limitations. These advances include methods that employ circulating tumor cells from the blood of SCLC patients and the development of diverse genetically engineered mouse models of metastatic SCLC. New insights into the cellular mechanisms of SCLC metastasis include observations of cell fate changes associated with increased metastatic ability. Ongoing studies on cell migration and organ tropism promise to expand our understanding of SCLC metastasis. Ultimately, a better molecular understanding of metastatic phenotypes may be translated into new therapeutic options to limit metastatic spread and treat metastatic SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ko
- Department of PediatricsStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Department of PathologyStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of PediatricsStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
- Department of GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
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33
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Neuroendocrine Lung Cancer Mouse Models: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010014. [PMID: 33375066 PMCID: PMC7792789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroendocrine lung tumors are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that share a common neuroendocrine nature. They range from low- and intermediate-grade typical and atypical carcinoma, to the highly malignant large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma and small cell carcinoma, with marked differences in incidences and prognosis. This review delineates the current knowledge of the genetic landscape of the human tumors, its influence in the development of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and the molecular imaging tools available to detect and monitor these diseases. While small cell lung carcinoma is one of the diseases best represented by GEMMs, there is a worrying lack of animal models for the other members of the group, these being understudied diseases. Regardless of the incidence and material available, they all are in urgent need of effective therapies. Abstract Neuroendocrine lung tumors comprise a range of malignancies that extend from benign tumorlets to the most prevalent and aggressive Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC). They also include low-grade Typical Carcinoids (TC), intermediate-grade Atypical Carcinoids (AC) and high-grade Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC). Optimal treatment options have not been adequately established: surgical resection when possible is the choice for AC and TC, and for SCLC chemotherapy and very recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors. Some mouse models have been generated based on the molecular alterations identified in genomic analyses of human tumors. With the exception of SCLC, there is a limited availability of (preclinical) models making their development an unmet need for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases. For SCLC, these models are crucial for translational research and novel drug testing, given the paucity of human material from surgery. The lack of early detection systems for lung cancer point them out as suitable frameworks for the identification of biomarkers at the initial stages of tumor development and for testing molecular imaging methods based on somatostatin receptors. Here, we review the relevant models reported to date, their impact on the understanding of the biology of the tumor subtypes and their relationships, as well as the effect of the analyses of the genetic landscape of the human tumors and molecular imaging tools in their development.
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34
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Khan P, Siddiqui JA, Maurya SK, Lakshmanan I, Jain M, Ganti AK, Salgia R, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Epigenetic landscape of small cell lung cancer: small image of a giant recalcitrant disease. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:57-76. [PMID: 33220460 PMCID: PMC8218609 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a particular subtype of lung cancer with high mortality. Recent advances in understanding SCLC genomics and breakthroughs of immunotherapy have substantially expanded existing knowledge and treatment modalities. However, challenges associated with SCLC remain enigmatic and elusive. Most of the conventional drug discovery approaches targeting altered signaling pathways in SCLC end up in the 'grave-yard of drug discovery', which mandates exploring novel approaches beyond inhibiting cell signaling pathways. Epigenetic modifications have long been documented as the key contributors to the tumorigenesis of almost all types of cancer, including SCLC. The last decade witnessed an exponential increase in our understanding of epigenetic modifications for SCLC. The present review highlights the central role of epigenetic regulations in acquiring neoplastic phenotype, metastasis, aggressiveness, resistance to chemotherapy, and immunotherapeutic approaches of SCLC. Different types of epigenetic modifications (DNA/histone methylation or acetylation) that can serve as predictive biomarkers for prognostication, treatment stratification, neuroendocrine lineage determination, and development of potential SCLC therapies are also discussed. We also review the utility of epigenetic targets/epidrugs in combination with first-line chemotherapy and immunotherapy that are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical studies. Altogether, the information presents the inclusive landscape of SCLC epigenetics and epidrugs that will help to improve SCLC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Apar Kishor Ganti
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA-Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA; Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte 91010, CA, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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35
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Grunblatt E, Wu N, Zhang H, Liu X, Norton JP, Ohol Y, Leger P, Hiatt JB, Eastwood EC, Thomas R, Ibrahim AH, Jia D, Basom R, Eaton KD, Martins R, Houghton AM, MacPherson D. MYCN drives chemoresistance in small cell lung cancer while USP7 inhibition can restore chemosensitivity. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1210-1226. [PMID: 32820040 PMCID: PMC7462062 DOI: 10.1101/gad.340133.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine cancer characterized by initial chemosensitivity followed by emergence of chemoresistant disease. To study roles for MYCN amplification in SCLC progression and chemoresistance, we developed a genetically engineered mouse model of MYCN-overexpressing SCLC. In treatment-naïve mice, MYCN overexpression promoted cell cycle progression, suppressed infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, and accelerated SCLC. MYCN overexpression also suppressed response to cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy, with similar findings made upon MYCL overexpression. We extended these data to genetically perturb chemosensitive patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of SCLC. In chemosensitive PDX models, overexpression of either MYCN or MYCL also conferred a switch to chemoresistance. To identify therapeutic strategies for MYCN-overexpressing SCLC, we performed a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 sgRNA screen. We identified the deubiquitinase USP7 as a MYCN-associated synthetic vulnerability. Pharmacological inhibition of USP7 resensitized chemoresistant MYCN-overexpressing PDX models to chemotherapy in vivo. Our findings show that MYCN overexpression drives SCLC chemoresistance and provide a therapeutic strategy to restore chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Grunblatt
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Huajia Zhang
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Justin P Norton
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Yamini Ohol
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Paul Leger
- RAPT Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Joseph B Hiatt
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Emily C Eastwood
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Rhiana Thomas
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ali H Ibrahim
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Deshui Jia
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ryan Basom
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Keith D Eaton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Renato Martins
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - A McGarry Houghton
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - David MacPherson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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36
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Mantini G, Vallés AM, Le Large TYS, Capula M, Funel N, Pham TV, Piersma SR, Kazemier G, Bijlsma MF, Giovannetti E, Jimenez CR. Co-expression analysis of pancreatic cancer proteome reveals biology and prognostic biomarkers. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:1147-1159. [PMID: 32860207 PMCID: PMC7716908 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite extensive biological and clinical studies, including comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling efforts, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a devastating disease, with a poor survival and limited therapeutic options. The goal of this study was to assess co-expressed PDAC proteins and their associations with biological pathways and clinical parameters. Methods Correlation network analysis is emerging as a powerful approach to infer tumor biology from omics data and to prioritize candidate genes as biomarkers or drug targets. In this study, we applied a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to the proteome of 20 surgically resected PDAC specimens (PXD015744) and confirmed its clinical value in 82 independent primary cases. Results Using WGCNA, we obtained twelve co-expressed clusters with a distinct biology. Notably, we found that one module enriched for metabolic processes and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) was significantly associated with overall survival (p = 0.01) and disease-free survival (p = 0.03). The prognostic value of three proteins (SPTBN1, KHSRP and PYGL) belonging to this module was confirmed using immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 82 independent resected patients. Risk score evaluation of the prognostic signature confirmed its association with overall survival in multivariate analyses. Finally, immunofluorescence analysis confirmed co-expression of SPTBN1 and KHSRP in Hs766t PDAC cells. Conclusions Our WGCNA analysis revealed a PDAC module enriched for metabolic and EMT-associated processes. In addition, we found that three of the proteins involved were associated with PDAC survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13402-020-00548-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mantini
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Fondazione Pisana Per La Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - A M Vallés
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Y S Le Large
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Capula
- Fondazione Pisana Per La Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - N Funel
- U.O. Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica II Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana , Pisa, Italy
| | - T V Pham
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S R Piersma
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Kazemier
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M F Bijlsma
- U.O. Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica II Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana , Pisa, Italy.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Giovannetti
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Fondazione Pisana Per La Scienza, Pisa, Italy.
| | - C R Jimenez
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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37
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Stewart CA, Gay CM, Xi Y, Sivajothi S, Sivakamasundari V, Fujimoto J, Bolisetty M, Hartsfield PM, Balasubramaniyan V, Chalishazar MD, Moran C, Kalhor N, Stewart J, Tran H, Swisher SG, Roth JA, Zhang J, de Groot J, Glisson B, Oliver TG, Heymach JV, Wistuba I, Robson P, Wang J, Byers LA. Single-cell analyses reveal increased intratumoral heterogeneity after the onset of therapy resistance in small-cell lung cancer. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:423-436. [PMID: 33521652 PMCID: PMC7842382 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-019-0020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) includes rapid evolution from chemosensitivity to chemoresistance, although mechanisms underlying this evolution remain obscure due to scarcity of post-relapse tissue samples. We generated circulating tumor cell (CTC)-derived xenografts (CDXs) from SCLC patients to study intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) via single-cell RNAseq of chemo-sensitive and -resistant CDXs and patient CTCs. We found globally increased ITH including heterogeneous expression of therapeutic targets and potential resistance pathways, such as EMT, between cellular subpopulations following treatment-resistance. Similarly, serial profiling of patient CTCs directly from blood confirmed increased ITH post-relapse. These data suggest that treatment-resistance in SCLC is characterized by coexisting subpopulations of cells with heterogeneous gene expression leading to multiple, concurrent resistance mechanisms. These findings emphasize the need for clinical efforts to focus on rational combination therapies for treatment-naïve SCLC tumors to maximize initial responses and counteract the emergence of ITH and diverse resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Allison Stewart
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanxin Xi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohan Bolisetty
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Patrice M Hartsfield
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Milind D Chalishazar
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cesar Moran
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Stewart
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hai Tran
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bonnie Glisson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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38
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Sui JSY, Martin P, Gray SG. Pre-clinical models of small cell lung cancer and the validation of therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:187-204. [PMID: 32068452 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1732353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer that has a dismal prognosis. One of the factors hindering therapeutic developments for SCLC is that most SCLC is not surgically resected resulting in a paucity of material for analysis. To address this, significant efforts have been made by investigators to develop pre-clinical models of SCLC allowing for downstream target identification in this difficult to treat cancer.Areas covered: In this review, we describe the current pre-clinical models that have been developed to interrogate SCLC, and outline the benefits and limitations associated with each. Using examples we show how each has been used to (i) improve our knowledge of this intractable cancer, and (ii) identify and validate potential therapeutic targets that (iii) are currently under development and testing within the clinic.Expert opinion: The large numbers of preclinical models that have been developed have dramatically improved the ways in which we can examine SCLC and test therapeutic targets/interventions. The newer models are rapidly providing novel avenues for the design and testing of new therapeutics. Despite this many of these models have inherent flaws that limit the possibility of their use for individualized therapy decision-making for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Y Sui
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Petra Martin
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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Yang D, Qu F, Cai H, Chuang CH, Lim JS, Jahchan N, Grüner BM, S Kuo C, Kong C, Oudin MJ, Winslow MM, Sage J. Axon-like protrusions promote small cell lung cancer migration and metastasis. eLife 2019; 8:50616. [PMID: 31833833 PMCID: PMC6940020 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients but remains a poorly understood process. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most lethal and most metastatic cancer types. SCLC cells normally express neuroendocrine and neuronal gene programs but accumulating evidence indicates that these cancer cells become relatively more neuronal and less neuroendocrine as they gain the ability to metastasize. Here we show that mouse and human SCLC cells in culture and in vivo can grow cellular protrusions that resemble axons. The formation of these protrusions is controlled by multiple neuronal factors implicated in axonogenesis, axon guidance, and neuroblast migration. Disruption of these axon-like protrusions impairs cell migration in culture and inhibits metastatic ability in vivo. The co-option of developmental neuronal programs is a novel molecular and cellular mechanism that contributes to the high metastatic ability of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Fangfei Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Hongchen Cai
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Jing Shan Lim
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Nadine Jahchan
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Barbara M Grüner
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christin S Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Christina Kong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Madeleine J Oudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, United States
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Julien Sage
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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Böckelmann LC, Schumacher U. Targeting tumor interstitial fluid pressure: will it yield novel successful therapies for solid tumors? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:1005-1014. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1702974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Clemens Böckelmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Targeting DNA Replication Stress and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair for Optimizing SCLC Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091289. [PMID: 31480716 PMCID: PMC6770306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounting for about 15% of all cases of lung cancer worldwide, is the most lethal form of lung cancer. Despite an initially high response rate of SCLC to standard treatment, almost all patients are invariably relapsed within one year. Effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes. Replication stress is a hallmark of SCLC due to several intrinsic factors. As a consequence, constitutive activation of the replication stress response (RSR) pathway and DNA damage repair system is involved in counteracting this genotoxic stress. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of such RSR and DNA damage repair pathways will be likely to kill SCLC cells preferentially and may be exploited in improving chemotherapeutic efficiency through interfering with DNA replication to exert their functions. Here, we summarize potentially valuable targets involved in the RSR and DNA damage repair pathways, rationales for targeting them in SCLC treatment and ongoing clinical trials, as well as possible predictive biomarkers for patient selection in the management of SCLC.
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Friedman FB. So you always wanted to write about that patient who. Exp Mol Med 1981; 51:1-13. [PMID: 31827074 PMCID: PMC6906379 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains the deadliest of all the lung cancer types. Its high mortality is largely attributed to the invariable development of resistance to standard chemo/radiotherapies, which have remained unchanged for the past 30 years, underscoring the need for new therapeutic approaches. The discovery of molecular targets for chemoprevention and treatment has been hampered by the poor understanding of SCLC progression. In recent years, comprehensive omics-based analyses have led to the discovery of recurrent alterations in patient tumors, and functional studies using genetically engineered mouse models and patient-derived tumor models have provided information about the alterations critical for SCLC pathogenesis. Defining the somatic alterations scattered throughout the SCLC genome will help to understand the underlying mechanism of this devastating disease and pave the way for the discovery of therapeutic vulnerabilities associated with the genomic alterations. Alterations in the small cell lung cancer (SCLC) genome are critical for disease progression and relapse. A complete map of the genome in cancerous cells would greatly improve the chances of successfully treating this deadly disease. SCLC is often detected too late, and only five per cent of patients survive beyond five years after diagnosis. While the disease initially responds to standard chemotherapy, the cancer cells quickly build resistance and relapse follows. Kwon-Sik Park at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, US, and co-workers reviewed current understanding of SCLC genome alterations. The latest research highlights substantial variations in the SCLC genome between patients, with implications for existing treatment regimens. Researchers have made considerable progress in profiling the genome, with significant alterations, mutations and potential therapeutic targets now being explored in genetically engineered mouse models and patient-derived tumor models.
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