1
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Owen CM, Jaffe LA. Luteinizing hormone stimulates ingression of mural granulosa cells within the mouse preovulatory follicle†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:288-299. [PMID: 37847612 PMCID: PMC10873281 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) induces ovulation by acting on its receptors in the mural granulosa cells that surround a mammalian oocyte in an ovarian follicle. However, much remains unknown about how activation of the LH receptor modifies the structure of the follicle such that the oocyte is released and the follicle remnants are transformed into the corpus luteum. The present study shows that the preovulatory surge of LH stimulates LH receptor-expressing granulosa cells, initially located almost entirely in the outer layers of the mural granulosa, to rapidly extend inwards, intercalating between other cells. The cellular ingression begins within 30 min of the peak of the LH surge, and the proportion of LH receptor-expressing cell bodies in the inner half of the mural granulosa layer increases until the time of ovulation, which occurs at about 10 h after the LH peak. During this time, many of the initially flask-shaped cells appear to detach from the basal lamina, acquiring a rounder shape with multiple filipodia. Starting at about 4 h after the LH peak, the mural granulosa layer at the apical surface of the follicle where ovulation will occur begins to thin, and the basolateral surface develops invaginations and constrictions. Our findings raise the question of whether LH stimulation of granulosa cell ingression may contribute to these changes in the follicular structure that enable ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corie M Owen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Laurinda A Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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2
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Norris RP, Jaffe LA. Granulosa Cells Alone, Without Theca Cells, Can Mediate LH-induced Oocyte Meiotic Resumption. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqad200. [PMID: 38180498 PMCID: PMC10805430 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Signaling in the granulosa cells of mammalian ovarian follicles is necessary for maintaining prophase arrest in the oocyte and for mediating the resumption of meiosis in response to luteinizing hormone (LH). However, the follicle also includes an outer layer of theca cells, some of which express receptors for LH. To investigate whether theca cells are required for maintaining meiotic arrest and reinitiating meiosis in response to LH, we mechanically separated the granulosa cells and oocyte from the theca and basal lamina. This was accomplished by cutting a slit in the outer surface of isolated follicles such that the mural granulosa cells and cumulus-oocyte complex were extruded from the theca shell, forming a lawn of cells on an organotypic membrane. The remnant of theca cells and basal lamina was then removed. The separation of the granulosa cells from the theca cells and basal lamina was demonstrated by immunofluorescence localization of endomucin (blood vessels of the theca) and laminin gamma (basal lamina). Cells comprising these granulosa cell-oocyte complexes expressed LH receptors and were connected by gap junctions. Oocytes within these granulosa cell complexes maintained meiotic arrest and resumed meiosis in response to LH, showing that the granulosa cells alone, without theca cells, transduce these signals. This semi-intact and mostly 2-dimensional preparation could facilitate imaging studies of follicle physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael P Norris
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Laurinda A Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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3
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Silva AFB, Morais ANP, Lima LF, Ferreira ACA, Silva RF, Sá NAR, Kumar S, Oliveira AC, Alves BG, Rodrigues APR, Gastal EL, Bordignon V, Figueiredo JR. Trimethylation profile of histones H3 lysine 4 and 9 in late preantral and early antral caprine follicles grown in vivo versus in vitro in the presence of anethole. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:810-823. [PMID: 37671983 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the histones methylation profile (H3K4me3 and H3K9me3) in late preantral (PA) and early antral (EA) caprine follicles grown in vivo and in vitro, and the anethole effect during in vitro culture of PA follicles. Uncultured in vivo-grown follicles (PA, n = 64; EA, n = 73) were used as controls to assess the methylation profile and genes' expression related to apoptosis cascade (BAX, proapoptotic; BCL2, antiapoptotic), steroidogenesis (CYP17, CYP19A1), and demethylation (KDM1AX1, KDM1AX2, KDM3A). The isolated PA follicles (n = 174) were cultured in vitro for 6 days in α-MEM+ in either absence (control) or presence of anethole. After culture, EA follicles were evaluated for methylation, mRNA abundance, and morphometry. Follicle diameter increased after culture, regardless of treatment. The methylation profile and the mRNA abundance were similar between in vivo-grown PA and EA follicles. Anethole treatment led to higher H3K4me3 fluorescence intensity in EA follicles. The mRNA abundances of BAX, CYP17, and CYP19A1 were higher, and BCL2 and KDM3A were lower in in vitro-grown EA follicles than in vivo-grown follicles. In conclusion, in vitro follicle culture affected H3K4me3 fluorescence intensity, mRNA abundance of apoptotic genes, and steroidogenic and demethylase enzymes compared with in vivo-grown follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F B Silva
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana N P Morais
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Laritza F Lima
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anna C A Ferreira
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renato F Silva
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Naiza A R Sá
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Satish Kumar
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ariclécio C Oliveira
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Benner G Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana P R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Vilceu Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - José R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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4
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Birgersson M, Indukuri R, Lindquist L, Stepanauskaite L, Luo Q, Deng Q, Archer A, Williams C. Ovarian ERβ cistrome and transcriptome reveal chromatin interaction with LRH-1. BMC Biol 2023; 21:277. [PMID: 38031019 PMCID: PMC10688478 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ, Esr2) plays a pivotal role in folliculogenesis and ovulation, yet its exact mechanism of action is mainly uncharacterized. RESULTS We here performed ERβ ChIP-sequencing of mouse ovaries followed by complementary RNA-sequencing of wild-type and ERβ knockout ovaries. By integrating the ERβ cistrome and transcriptome, we identified its direct target genes and enriched biological functions in the ovary. This demonstrated its strong impact on genes regulating organism development, cell migration, lipid metabolism, response to hypoxia, and response to estrogen. Cell-type deconvolution analysis of the bulk RNA-seq data revealed a decrease in luteal cells and an increased proportion of theca cells and a specific type of cumulus cells upon ERβ loss. Moreover, we identified a significant overlap with the gene regulatory network of liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1, Nr5a2) and showed that ERβ and LRH-1 extensively bound to the same chromatin locations in granulosa cells. Using ChIP-reChIP, we corroborated simultaneous ERβ and LRH-1 co-binding at the ERβ-repressed gene Greb1 but not at the ERβ-upregulated genes Cyp11a1 and Fkbp5. Transactivation assay experimentation further showed that ERβ and LRH-1 can inhibit their respective transcriptional activity at classical response elements. CONCLUSIONS By characterizing the genome-wide endogenous ERβ chromatin binding, gene regulations, and extensive crosstalk between ERβ and LRH-1, along with experimental corroborations, our data offer genome-wide mechanistic underpinnings of ovarian physiology and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Birgersson
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rajitha Indukuri
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Lindquist
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lina Stepanauskaite
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Amena Archer
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Solna, Sweden.
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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5
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Owen CM, Jaffe LA. Luteinizing hormone stimulates ingression of mural granulosa cells within the mouse preovulatory follicle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.21.537855. [PMID: 37131774 PMCID: PMC10153244 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.21.537855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) induces ovulation by acting on its receptors in the mural granulosa cells that surround a mammalian oocyte in an ovarian follicle. However, much remains unknown about how activation of the LH receptor modifies the structure of the follicle such that the oocyte is released and the follicle remnants are transformed into the corpus luteum. The present study shows that the preovulatory surge of LH stimulates LH receptor-expressing granulosa cells, initially located almost entirely in the outer layers of the mural granulosa, to rapidly extend inwards, intercalating between other cells. The cellular ingression begins within 30 minutes of the peak of the LH surge, and the proportion of LH receptor-expressing cell bodies in the inner half of the mural granulosa layer increases until the time of ovulation, which occurs at about 10 hours after the LH peak. During this time, many of the initially flask-shaped cells appear to detach from the basal lamina, acquiring a rounder shape with multiple filipodia. Starting at about 4 hours after the LH peak, the mural granulosa layer at the apical surface of the follicle where ovulation will occur begins to thin, and the basolateral surface develops invaginations and constrictions. Our findings raise the question of whether LH stimulation of granulosa cell ingression may contribute to these changes in the follicular structure that enable ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corie M. Owen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Laurinda A. Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
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6
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Dinh DT, Breen J, Nicol B, Foot NJ, Bersten DC, Emery A, Smith KM, Wong YY, Barry SC, Yao HC, Robker RL, Russell DL. Progesterone receptor mediates ovulatory transcription through RUNX transcription factor interactions and chromatin remodelling. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:5981-5996. [PMID: 37099375 PMCID: PMC10325896 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PGR) plays diverse roles in reproductive tissues and thus coordinates mammalian fertility. In the ovary, rapid acute induction of PGR is the key determinant of ovulation through transcriptional control of a unique set of genes that culminates in follicle rupture. However, the molecular mechanisms for this specialized PGR function in ovulation is poorly understood. We have assembled a detailed genomic profile of PGR action through combined ATAC-seq, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis in wildtype and isoform-specific PGR null mice. We demonstrate that stimulating ovulation rapidly reprograms chromatin accessibility in two-thirds of sites, correlating with altered gene expression. An ovary-specific PGR action involving interaction with RUNX transcription factors was observed with 70% of PGR-bound regions also bound by RUNX1. These transcriptional complexes direct PGR binding to proximal promoter regions. Additionally, direct PGR binding to the canonical NR3C motif enable chromatin accessibility. Together these PGR actions mediate induction of essential ovulatory genes. Our findings highlight a novel PGR transcriptional mechanism specific to ovulation, providing new targets for infertility treatments or new contraceptives that block ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan T Dinh
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Breen
- Indigenous Genomics, Telethon Kids Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Barbara Nicol
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Natalie J Foot
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - David C Bersten
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alaknanda Emery
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kirsten M Smith
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ying Y Wong
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Humphrey H C Yao
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Rebecca L Robker
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Darryl L Russell
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
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7
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Jin J, Ren P, Li X, Zhang Y, Yang W, Ma Y, Lai M, Yu C, Zhang S, Zhang YL. Ovulatory signal-triggered chromatin remodeling in ovarian granulosa cells by HDAC2 phosphorylation activation-mediated histone deacetylation. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:11. [PMID: 37076890 PMCID: PMC10116676 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic reprogramming is involved in luteinizing hormone (LH)-induced ovulation; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. RESULTS We here observed a rapid histone deacetylation process between two waves of active transcription mediated by the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the LH congener human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), respectively. Analysis of the genome-wide H3K27Ac distribution in hCG-treated granulosa cells revealed that a rapid wave of genome-wide histone deacetylation remodels the chromatin, followed by the establishment of specific histone acetylation for ovulation. HDAC2 phosphorylation activation coincides with histone deacetylation in mouse preovulatory follicles. When HDAC2 was silenced or inhibited, histone acetylation was retained, leading to reduced gene transcription, retarded cumulus expansion, and ovulation defect. HDAC2 phosphorylation was associated with CK2α nuclear translocation, and inhibition of CK2α attenuated HDAC2 phosphorylation, retarded H3K27 deacetylation, and inactivated the ERK1/2 signaling cascade. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the ovulatory signal erases histone acetylation through activation of CK2α-mediated HDAC2 phosphorylation in granulosa cells, which is an essential prerequisite for subsequent successful ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Jin
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Peipei Ren
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yinyi Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yerong Ma
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Mengru Lai
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Songying Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Yin-Li Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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8
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Mizutani T, Orisaka M, Kawabe S, Morichika R, Uesaka M, Yoshida Y. YAP/TAZ-TEAD is a novel transcriptional regulator of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes in rat granulosa cells and KGN cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111808. [PMID: 36309205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis in ovarian granulosa cells is regulated by the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) via transcriptional regulation of its related genes. We herein showed the involvement of the Hippo pathway in this regulation. In KGN granulosa cell, repression of YAP/TAZ activity induced the expression of CYP11A1, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 in a TEAD-dependent manner without cAMP stimulation. A selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, suppressed YAP/TAZ knockdown-indued the expression of these genes, suggesting this signal could be involved. The expression of these genes was induced by 8Br-cAMP, whereas that of CYR61 and ADATS1, typical YAP/TAZ-TEAD target genes, was suppressed, suggesting that the cellular signaling of cAMP reduced YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity. The constitutively active mutant YAP canceled the FSH- and 8Br-cAMP-mediated induction of these genes in primary rat granulosa and KGN cells, respectively. Moreover, regulation of steroidogenesis-related genes by YAP/TAZ-TEAD was independent of steroidogenic factor 1, a master gene regulator of steroidogenesis. These results suggest that YAP/TAZ-TEAD is a negative regulator of steroidogenesis and that suppression of YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity by FSH is involved in ovarian steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Mizutani
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Welfare Sciences, Fukui Prefectural University, Japan.
| | - Makoto Orisaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan
| | - Shinya Kawabe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Fisheries University, Japan
| | - Ririko Morichika
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Welfare Sciences, Fukui Prefectural University, Japan
| | - Miki Uesaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan
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9
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Beltran AS, King KE, La J, Reipolska A, Young KA. Short communication: Photoperiod impacts ovarian extracellular matrix and metabolic gene expression in Siberian hamsters. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 274:111302. [PMID: 36041709 PMCID: PMC11285357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cyclicity is variable in adult Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), who respond to long breeding season photoperiods with follicle development and ovulation, while short photoperiods typical of the non-breeding season induce gonadal atrophy. Recent RNAseq results identified ovarian matrix components and regulators of metabolism as differentially regulated by photoperiod; however, the impact of photoperiod across a full cycle of ovarian regression and recrudescence had not been explored for additional regulators of ovarian metabolism and extracellular matrix components. We hypothesized that matrix and metabolism-related genes would be expressed differentially across photoperiods that mimic breeding and non-breeding season daylengths. Hamsters were housed in one of four photoperiod groups: long day (16 h of light per day: 8 h of dark; LD, controls), short day regressed (8 L:16D; SD, regressed), and females exposed to SD then transferred to LD to stimulate return of ovarian function for 2 (early recrudescence), or 8 (late recrudescence) weeks. Plasma leptin concentrations along with expression of ovarian versican and liver-receptor homolog-1/Nr582 mRNA decreased in SD compared to LD and late recrudescence, while vimentin mRNA expression peaked in early and late recrudescence. Ovarian expression of fibronectin and extracellular matrix protein-1 was low in LD ovaries and increased in regressed and recrudescing groups. Expression of hyaluronidase-2, nectin-2, liver-X receptors-α and-β, and adiponectin mRNA peaked in late recrudescence, with no changes noted for adiponectin receptor-1 and -2. The results offer a first look at the parallels between expression of these genes and the dynamic remodeling that occurs during ovarian regression and recrudescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna S Beltran
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States of America
| | - Kristen E King
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States of America
| | - Josephine La
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States of America
| | - Anastasiia Reipolska
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States of America
| | - Kelly A Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, United States of America.
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10
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Wang J, Xu G, Cai Y, Wang L, Zhang W. Effect of liver receptor homolog-1 on cell apoptosis and steroid hormone secretion on granulosa cells from Hu sheep. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:21-28. [PMID: 34993764 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis of granulosa cells can result in follicular atresia, a key process in follicle selection and development. The related molecular mechanisms were explored to study the effects of liver receptor homolog-1 (Lrh-1) on apoptosis, sodium-titanium system, and steroid synthesis of granulosa cells from Hu sheep in vitro. After constructing, designing, and synthesizing the Lrh-1 overexpression vector, liposomes were used to transfect Hu sheep granulosa cells. Thereafter, qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mechanism of Lrh-1 on the titanium system and steroid synthesis of Hu sheep granulosa cells. The overexpression efficiency was determined by fluorescence 48 h after liposome transfection into the Hu sheep granulosa cells in vitro culture. The transfection efficiency was higher, hence providing a basis for subsequent experiments. However, the protein level and transcriptional level of Lrh-1 significantly increased after transfection with Lrh-1 overexpression vector in Hu sheep granulosa cells. We further revealed that after Lrh-1 overexpression in Hu sheep granulosa cells, the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax decreased significantly, while that of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 increased significantly, as well as the sodium peptide system. Moreover, the expression levels of natriuretic peptide precursor A, B, and C (NPPA, NPPB, NPPC) all showed an upward trend, while the expression levels of steroid synthesis-related genes (P450arom and P450scc) decreased. The above results showed that Lrh-1 overexpression influenced the apoptosis, sodium peptide system, and steroid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijiang Xu
- Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Service Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cai
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Chen Q, Cai J, Zhang W, Xiao L, Liu G, Li H, Wu F, Song Q, Li K, Zhang J. Expression analysis of the NR5A2 gene and associations between its polymorphisms and reproductive traits in Jiaxing Black sows. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.2020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Translation Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixia Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Company Limited, Jiaxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haihong Li
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Company Limited, Jiaxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Song
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kui Li
- Zhejiang General Station of Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion and Breeding Livestock Monitoring, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Profile of Bile Acid Metabolomics in the Follicular Fluid of PCOS Patients. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120845. [PMID: 34940603 PMCID: PMC8703527 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex heterogeneous endocrine disease affected by genetic and environmental factors. In this manuscript, we aimed to describe the composition of bile acid metabolomics in the follicular fluid (FF) of PCOS. The FF was collected from 31 control patients and 35 PCOS patients diagnosed according to the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria. The Bile Acid Assay Kit and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were used in this study to detect the total bile acid and 24 bile acid metabolites. Glycocholic acid (GC3A), taurocholic acid (TCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), and chenodeoxycholic acid-3-β-d-glucuronide (CDCA-3Gln) were elevated in the PCOS group. GCDCA was positively correlated with the serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (r = 0.3787, p = 0.0017) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (r = 0.2670, p = 0.0302). The level of CDCA-3Gln also rose with the increase in antral follicle counts (AFC) (r = 0.3247, p = 0.0078). Compared with the control group, the primary bile acids (p = 0.0207) and conjugated bile acids (p = 0.0283) were elevated in PCOS. For the first time, our study described the changes in bile acid metabolomics in the FF of PCOS patients, suggesting that bile acids may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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13
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Yang X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Song T, Zheng Y, Wang W, Shi Y. LRH-1 high expression in the ovarian granulosa cells of PCOS patients. Endocrine 2021; 74:413-420. [PMID: 34129175 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered one of the most common endocrine disorders with heterogeneity. There are also reports that liver receptor homolog 1 [LRH-1 or nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2] plays an important role in the reproductive system. But up to now, there are no reports related to the link with PCOS and LRH-1. In this study, we aimed to detect the LRH-1 expression in the ovarian granulosa cell (GC) of PCOS patients and explore the potential relationship between LRH-1 and PCOS. METHODS In all, 146 follicular fluid samples were collected in this study, including 72 from PCOS patients and 74 from control patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection or in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. The ovarian GCs were extracted from the patient's follicular fluid by magnetic-activated cell sorting method, and real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression of LRH-1 in ovarian GCs. Then we analyzed the correlation between the expression level of LRH-1 and the clinical characteristics of the patient by using Pearson Correlation analysis. RESULTS The expression of LRH-1 was significantly higher in PCOS patients ovarian GCs than that in the control patients [(1.38 ± 0.47) vs (1.03 ± 0.32), t = 5.327, p < 0.0001], and it was positively correlated with antral follicles counting (r = 0.3607, p < 0.0001) and the serum anti-Mullerian hormone (r = 0.2662, p = 0.0012), luteotropic hormone (r = 0.2518, p = 0.0022), testosterone (r = 0.2794, p = 0.0006) in all patients. No statistical significance between LRH-1 and body mass index, follicle-stimulating hormone, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, progesterone. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the control group, we found that LRH-1 was highly expressed in the ovarian GCs of PCOS patients. Our study has revealed the relationship between the LRH-1 expression and PCOS, which suggested that LRH-1 may play an important role in ovulation disorders. While this finding provided new ideas for the study of pathogenesis, it also provided a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qiumin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Tian Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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14
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Meinsohn MC, Hughes CHK, Estienne A, Saatcioglu HD, Pépin D, Duggavathi R, Murphy BD. A role for orphan nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1, NR5A2) in primordial follicle activation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1079. [PMID: 33441767 PMCID: PMC7807074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver receptor homolog-1 (NR5A2) is expressed specifically in granulosa cells of developing ovarian follicles where it regulates the late stages of follicle development and ovulation. To establish its effects earlier in the trajectory of follicular development, NR5A2 was depleted from granulosa cells of murine primordial and primary follicles. Follicle populations were enumerated in neonates at postnatal day 4 (PND4) coinciding with the end of the formation of the primordial follicle pool. The frequency of primordial follicles in PND4 conditional knockout (cKO) ovaries was greater and primary follicles were substantially fewer relative to control (CON) counterparts. Ten-day in vitro culture of PND4 ovaries recapitulated in vivo findings and indicated that CON mice developed primary follicles in the ovarian medulla to a greater extent than did cKO animals. Two subsets of primordial follicles were observed in wildtype ovaries: one that expressed NR5A2 and the second in which the transcript was absent. Neither expressed the mitotic marker. KI-67, indicating their developmental quiescence. RNA sequencing on PND4 demonstrated that loss of NR5A2 induced changes in 432 transcripts, including quiescence markers, inhibitors of follicle activation, and regulators of cellular migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These experiments suggest that NR5A2 expression poises primordial follicles for entry into the developing pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Meinsohn
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Camilla H K Hughes
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Hatice D Saatcioglu
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Simches Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David Pépin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Simches Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Raj Duggavathi
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., MS1085, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Bruce D Murphy
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.
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15
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Hughes CHK, Murphy BD. Nuclear receptors: Key regulators of somatic cell functions in the ovulatory process. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 78:100937. [PMID: 33288229 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of the ovarian follicle to its culmination by ovulation is an essential element of fertility. The final stages of ovarian follicular growth are characterized by granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation, and steroid synthesis under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The result is a population of granulosa cells poised to respond to the ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH). Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors play indispensable roles in the regulation of these events. The key regulators of the final stages of follicular growth that precede ovulation from this family include the estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) and the androgen receptor (AR), with additional roles for others, including steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1). Following the LH surge, the mural and cumulus granulosa cells undergo rapid changes that result in expansion of the cumulus layer, and a shift in ovarian steroid hormone biosynthesis from estradiol to progesterone production. The nuclear receptor best associated with these events is LRH-1. Inadequate cumulus expansion is also observed in the absence of AR and ESR2, but not the progesterone receptor (PGR). The terminal stages of ovulation are regulated by PGR, which increases the abundance of the proteases that are directly responsible for rupture. It further regulates the prostaglandins and cytokines associated with the inflammatory-like characteristics of ovulation. LRH-1 regulates PGR, and is also a key regulator of steroidogenesis, cellular proliferation, and cellular migration, and cytoskeletal remodeling. In summary, nuclear receptors are among the panoply of transcriptional regulators with roles in ovulation, and several are necessary for normal ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla H K Hughes
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Qc, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Bruce D Murphy
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Qc, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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16
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Yan W. An Interview with Dr. Bruce Murphy. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:244-247. [PMID: 33230540 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Seacrist CD, Kuenze G, Hoffmann RM, Moeller BE, Burke JE, Meiler J, Blind RD. Integrated Structural Modeling of Full-Length LRH-1 Reveals Inter-domain Interactions Contribute to Receptor Structure and Function. Structure 2020; 28:830-846.e9. [PMID: 32433991 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1; NR5A2) is a nuclear receptor that regulates a diverse array of biological processes. In contrast to dimeric nuclear receptors, LRH-1 is an obligate monomer and contains a subtype-specific helix at the C terminus of the DNA-binding domain (DBD), termed FTZ-F1. Although detailed structural information is available for individual domains of LRH-1, it is unknown how these domains exist in the intact nuclear receptor. Here, we developed an integrated structural model of human full-length LRH-1 using a combination of HDX-MS, XL-MS, Rosetta computational docking, and SAXS. The model predicts the DBD FTZ-F1 helix directly interacts with ligand binding domain helix 2. We confirmed several other predicted inter-domain interactions via structural and functional analyses. Comparison between the LRH-1/Dax-1 co-crystal structure and the integrated model predicted and confirmed Dax-1 co-repressor to modulate LRH-1 inter-domain dynamics. Together, these data support individual LRH-1 domains interacting to influence receptor structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey D Seacrist
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Georg Kuenze
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reece M Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Brandon E Moeller
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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18
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Knapp EM, Li W, Singh V, Sun J. Nuclear receptor Ftz-f1 promotes follicle maturation and ovulation partly via bHLH/PAS transcription factor Sim. eLife 2020; 9:54568. [PMID: 32338596 PMCID: PMC7239656 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The NR5A-family nuclear receptors are highly conserved and function within the somatic follicle cells of the ovary to regulate folliculogenesis and ovulation in mammals; however, their roles in Drosophila ovaries are largely unknown. Here, we discover that Ftz-f1, one of the NR5A nuclear receptors in Drosophila, is transiently induced in follicle cells in late stages of oogenesis via ecdysteroid signaling. Genetic disruption of Ftz-f1 expression prevents follicle cell differentiation into the final maturation stage, which leads to anovulation. In addition, we demonstrate that the bHLH/PAS transcription factor Single-minded (Sim) acts as a direct target of Ftz-f1 to promote follicle cell differentiation/maturation and that Ftz-f1’s role in regulating Sim expression and follicle cell differentiation can be replaced by its mouse homolog steroidogenic factor 1 (mSF-1). Our work provides new insight into the regulation of follicle maturation in Drosophila and the conserved role of NR5A nuclear receptors in regulating folliculogenesis and ovulation. When animals reproduce, females release eggs from their ovaries which then get fertilized by sperm from males. Each egg needs to properly mature within a collection of cells known as follicle cells before it can be let go. As the egg matures, so do the follicle cells surrounding it, until both are primed and ready to discharge the egg from the ovary. Mammals rely on a protein called SF-1 to mature their follicle cells, but it is unclear how this process works. Most animals – from humans to fruit flies – release their eggs in a very similar way, using many of the same proteins and genes. For example, the gene for SF-1 in mammals is similar to a gene in fruit flies which codes for another protein called Ftz-f1. Since it is more straightforward to study ovaries in fruit flies than in humans and other mammals, investigating this protein could shed light on how follicle cells mature. However, it remained unclear whether Ftz-f1 plays a similar role to its mammalian counterpart. Here, Knapp et al. show that Ftz-f1 is present in the follicle cells of fruit flies and is required for them to properly mature. Ftz-f1 controlled this process by regulating the activity of another protein called Sim. Further experiments found that the gene that codes for the SF-1 protein in mice was able to compensate for the loss of Ftz-f1 and drive follicle cells to mature. Studying how ovaries release eggs is an essential part of understanding female fertility. This work highlights the similarities between these processes in mammals and fruit flies and may help us understand how ovaries work in humans and other mammals. In the future, the findings of Knapp et al. may lead to new therapies for infertility in females and other disorders that affect ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Knapp
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - Vijender Singh
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
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