1
|
Thomasen PB, Salasova A, Kjaer-Sorensen K, Woloszczuková L, Lavický J, Login H, Tranberg-Jensen J, Almeida S, Beel S, Kavková M, Qvist P, Kjolby M, Ovesen PL, Nolte S, Vestergaard B, Udrea AC, Nejsum LN, Chao MV, Van Damme P, Krivanek J, Dasen J, Oxvig C, Nykjaer A. SorCS2 binds progranulin to regulate motor neuron development. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113333. [PMID: 37897724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron (MN) development and nerve regeneration requires orchestrated action of a vast number of molecules. Here, we identify SorCS2 as a progranulin (PGRN) receptor that is required for MN diversification and axon outgrowth in zebrafish and mice. In zebrafish, SorCS2 knockdown also affects neuromuscular junction morphology and fish motility. In mice, SorCS2 and PGRN are co-expressed by newborn MNs from embryonic day 9.5 until adulthood. Using cell-fate tracing and nerve segmentation, we find that SorCS2 deficiency perturbs cell-fate decisions of brachial MNs accompanied by innervation deficits of posterior nerves. Additionally, adult SorCS2 knockout mice display slower motor nerve regeneration. Interestingly, primitive macrophages express high levels of PGRN, and their interaction with SorCS2-positive motor axon is required during axon pathfinding. We further show that SorCS2 binds PGRN to control its secretion, signaling, and conversion into granulins. We propose that PGRN-SorCS2 signaling controls MN development and regeneration in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Bogetofte Thomasen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alena Salasova
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Kasper Kjaer-Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lucie Woloszczuková
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Josef Lavický
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hande Login
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Tranberg-Jensen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sergio Almeida
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sander Beel
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michaela Kavková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Lund Ovesen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stella Nolte
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Benedicte Vestergaard
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Andreea-Cornelia Udrea
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Moses V Chao
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jeremy Dasen
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience DANDRITE-Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Center of Excellence PROMEMO, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nelke C, Schroeter CB, Theissen L, Preusse C, Pawlitzki M, Räuber S, Dobelmann V, Cengiz D, Kleefeld F, Roos A, Schoser B, Brunn A, Neuen-Jacob E, Zschüntzsch J, Meuth SG, Stenzel W, Ruck T. Senescent fibro-adipogenic progenitors are potential drivers of pathology in inclusion body myositis. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:725-745. [PMID: 37773216 PMCID: PMC10564677 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is unique across the spectrum of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) due to its distinct clinical presentation and refractoriness to current treatment approaches. One explanation for this resistance may be the engagement of cell-autonomous mechanisms that sustain or promote disease progression of IBM independent of inflammatory activity. In this study, we focused on senescence of tissue-resident cells as potential driver of disease. For this purpose, we compared IBM patients to non-diseased controls and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy patients. Histopathological analysis suggested that cellular senescence is a prominent feature of IBM, primarily affecting non-myogenic cells. In-depth analysis by single nuclei RNA sequencing allowed for the deconvolution and study of muscle-resident cell populations. Among these, we identified a specific cluster of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) that demonstrated key hallmarks of senescence, including a pro-inflammatory secretome, expression of p21, increased β-galactosidase activity, and engagement of senescence pathways. FAP function is required for muscle cell health with changes to their phenotype potentially proving detrimental. In this respect, the transcriptomic landscape of IBM was also characterized by changes to the myogenic compartment demonstrating a pronounced loss of type 2A myofibers and a rarefication of acetylcholine receptor expressing myofibers. IBM muscle cells also engaged a specific pro-inflammatory phenotype defined by intracellular complement activity and the expression of immunogenic surface molecules. Skeletal muscle cell dysfunction may be linked to FAP senescence by a change in the collagen composition of the latter. Senescent FAPs lose collagen type XV expression, which is required to support myofibers' structural integrity and neuromuscular junction formation in vitro. Taken together, this study demonstrates an altered phenotypical landscape of muscle-resident cells and that FAPs, and not myofibers, are the primary senescent cell type in IBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nelke
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina B Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Theissen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Preusse
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Pawlitzki
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Saskia Räuber
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Dobelmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Derya Cengiz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Kleefeld
- Department of Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Brunn
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Neuen-Jacob
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Zschüntzsch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ha BG, Jang YJ, Lee E, Kim BG, Myung K, Sun W, Jeong SJ. Isolation and identification of extracellular matrix proteins from oil-based CASPERized mouse brains for matrisomal analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14777. [PMID: 37025807 PMCID: PMC10070542 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) components present within all tissues and organs help to maintain the cytoskeletal architecture and tissue morphology. Although the ECM plays a role in cellular events and signaling pathways, it has not been well studied due its insolubility and complexity. Brain tissue has a higher cell density and weaker mechanical strength than other tissues in the body. When removing cells using a general decellularization method to produce scaffolds and obtain ECM proteins, various problems must be considered because tissues are easily damaged. To retain the brain shape and ECM components, we performed decellularization in combination with polymerization. We immersed mouse brains in oil for polymerization and decellularization via O-CASPER (Oil-based Clinically and Experimentally Applicable Acellular Tissue Scaffold Production for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine) and then isolated ECM components using sequential matrisome preparation reagents (SMPRs), namely, RIPA, PNGase F, and concanavalin A. Adult mouse brains were preserved with our decellularization method. Western blot and LC-MS/MS analyses revealed that ECM components, including collagen and laminin, were isolated efficiently from decellularized mouse brains using SMPRs. Our method will be useful to obtain matrisomal data and perform functional studies using adult mouse brains and other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Geun Ha
- Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jang
- Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - EunSoo Lee
- Fluorescence Core Imaging Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Jeong
- Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oprişoreanu AM. Perspective on automated in vivo drug screening using the chodl mutant zebrafish line. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2437-2438. [PMID: 35535889 PMCID: PMC9120713 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
5
|
Lescouzères L, Bordignon B, Bomont P. Development of a high-throughput tailored imaging method in zebrafish to understand and treat neuromuscular diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:956582. [PMID: 36204134 PMCID: PMC9530744 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.956582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate species offering multitude of advantages for the study of conserved biological systems in human and has considerably enriched our knowledge in developmental biology and physiology. Being equally important in medical research, the zebrafish has become a critical tool in the fields of diagnosis, gene discovery, disease modeling, and pharmacology-based therapy. Studies on the zebrafish neuromuscular system allowed for deciphering key molecular pathways in this tissue, and established it as a model of choice to study numerous motor neurons, neuromuscular junctions, and muscle diseases. Starting with the similarities of the zebrafish neuromuscular system with the human system, we review disease models associated with the neuromuscular system to focus on current methodologies employed to study them and outline their caveats. In particular, we put in perspective the necessity to develop standardized and high-resolution methodologies that are necessary to deepen our understanding of not only fundamental signaling pathways in a healthy tissue but also the changes leading to disease phenotype outbreaks, and offer templates for high-content screening strategies. While the development of high-throughput methodologies is underway for motility assays, there is no automated approach to quantify the key molecular cues of the neuromuscular junction. Here, we provide a novel high-throughput imaging methodology in the zebrafish that is standardized, highly resolutive, quantitative, and fit for drug screening. By providing a proof of concept for its robustness in identifying novel molecular players and therapeutic drugs in giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) disease, we foresee that this new tool could be useful for both fundamental and biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Lescouzères
- ERC Team, Institut NeuroMyoGéne-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benoît Bordignon
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ERC Team, Institut NeuroMyoGéne-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Pascale Bomont,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Glasgow JE, Byrnes JR, Barbee SD, Moreau JM, Rosenblum MD, Wells JA. Identifying and antagonizing the interactions between layilin and glycosylated collagens. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:597-604.e7. [PMID: 35104453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Layilin is a small type I transmembrane receptor thought to bridge extracellular ligands with the cytoskeleton through its intracellular interactions with the scaffolding protein talin. Recent bulk- and single-cell RNA sequencing experiments have repeatedly found layilin to be highly upregulated in key T cell sub-populations in multiple disease states, suggesting its importance to the adaptive immune response. Despite this prevalence, little is known about layilin's precise role in mediating extracellular interactions or how these interactions can be modulated in disease states. Here we take advantage of layilin's dependence on calcium ions to discover its interactions with highly glycosylated type II, IV, V, and VI collagens. Toward exploring layilin's role in disease, we exploited the Ca2+ dependence in a differential phage display strategy to engineer species cross-reactive antibodies that block this interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff E Glasgow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - James R Byrnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Moreau
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Q, Zhang W, Cai J, Ni Y, Xiao L, Zhang J. Transcriptome analysis in comparing carcass and meat quality traits of Jiaxing Black Pig and Duroc × Duroc × Berkshire × Jiaxing Black Pig crosses. Gene 2022; 808:145978. [PMID: 34592352 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study compares two typical strains: Chinese local excellent meat quality of Jiaxing Black (JXB) Pig and quadratic crossbred pig strain Duroc × Duroc × Berkshire × Jiaxing Black (DDBJ). It was found that between the two pig strains, carcass traits and meat quality traits differed significantly. This is exemplified by the leanness and dressing out percent of DDBJ that were significantly higher than JXB pigs of the same age (P < 0.05) and the better growth rate of DDBJ pigs as to JXB pigs was shown by quantifying muscle proliferation and differentiation of longissimus dorsi muscle employing Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of longissimus dorsi muscle. Nutrients such as inosinic acid, intramuscular fat, and free amino acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle were significantly higher in JXB pigs than DDBJ pigs (p < 0.0001); saturated fatty acids were higher in JXB than in DDBJ pigs (p = 0.0097); essential amino acids and fresh taste amino acids (serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine) of JXB pigs was higher than that of DDBJ pigs (p < 0.0001) and amino acids in longissimus dorsi muscle of JXB pigs surpasses the amino acid concentration of DDBJ pigs (p < 0.0001), thus showing the superiority of JXB in terms of meat quality. However, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is responsible for poor meat quality, was significantly higher in the longissimus dorsi muscle of DDBJ pig than JXB pigs (p < 0.0001); RNA-seq analysis of 5 biological replicates from two of the strains was performed. The screening of 164 up-regulated genes and 183 down-regulated genes found in longissimus dorsi muscle of DDBJ was done and the results identified differentially expressed genes related to muscle development, adipogenesis, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and inosine synthesis. In conclusion, the study identified functional genes, elucidated the mechanisms associated with carcass quality traits, meat quality traits and other related traits, and provided means of genetic enhancement to improve meat quality traits and carcass traits in Chinese commercial pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yifan Ni
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lixia Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu H, Zhang R, Ma Y, Luo Y, Pan Y, Xu J, Jiang L, Wang D. Prenatal Diagnosis and Genetic Analysis of 21q21.1-q21.2 Aberrations in Seven Chinese Pedigrees. Front Genet 2022; 12:731815. [PMID: 34992628 PMCID: PMC8724545 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.731815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chromosomal aberrations contribute to human phenotypic diversity and disease susceptibility, but it is difficult to assess their pathogenic effects in the clinic. Therefore, it is of great value to report new cases of chromosomal aberrations associated with normal phenotypes or clinical abnormalities. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of seven pedigrees that carried 21q21.1–q21.2 aberrations. G-banding and single-nucleotide polymorphism array techniques were used to analyze chromosomal karyotypes and copy number variations in the fetuses and their family members. Results: All fetuses and their family members showed normal karyotypes in seven pedigrees. Here, it was revealed that six fetuses carried maternally inherited 21q21.1–q21.2 duplications, ranging from 1 to 2.7 Mb, but none of the mothers had an abnormal phenotype. In one fetus, an 8.7 Mb deletion of 21q21.1–q21.2 was found. An analysis of the pedigree showed that the deletion was also observed in the mother, brother, and maternal grandmother, but no abnormal phenotypes were found. Conclusion: This study identified 21q21.1–q21.2 aberrations in Chinese pedigrees. The carriers of 21q21.1–q21.2 duplications had no clinical consequences based on their phenotypes, and the 21q21.1–q21.2 deletion was transmitted through three generations of normal individuals. This provides benign clinical evidence for pathogenic assessment of 21q21.1–q21.2 duplication and deletion, which was considered a variant of uncertain significance and a likely pathogenic variant in previous reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyi Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanmei Luo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Juchun Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lupin Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chaytow H, Faller KM, Huang YT, Gillingwater TH. Spinal muscular atrophy: From approved therapies to future therapeutic targets for personalized medicine. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100346. [PMID: 34337562 PMCID: PMC8324491 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating childhood motor neuron disease that, in the most severe cases and when left untreated, leads to death within the first two years of life. Recent therapeutic advances have given hope to families and patients by compensating for the deficiency in survival motor neuron (SMN) protein via gene therapy or other genetic manipulation. However, it is now apparent that none of these therapies will cure SMA alone. In this review, we discuss the three currently licensed therapies for SMA, briefly highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages, before considering alternative approaches to increasing SMN protein levels. We then explore recent preclinical research that is identifying and targeting dysregulated pathways secondary to, or independent of, SMN deficiency that may provide adjunctive opportunities for SMA. These additional therapies are likely to be key for the development of treatments that are effective across the lifespan of SMA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Chaytow
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kiterie M.E. Faller
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas H. Gillingwater
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rgs4 is a regulator of mTOR activity required for motoneuron axon outgrowth and neuronal development in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13338. [PMID: 34172795 PMCID: PMC8233358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Regulator of G protein signaling 4 (Rgs4) is a member of the RGS proteins superfamily that modulates the activity of G-protein coupled receptors. It is mainly expressed in the nervous system and is linked to several neuronal signaling pathways; however, its role in neural development in vivo remains inconclusive. Here, we generated and characterized a rgs4 loss of function model (MZrgs4) in zebrafish. MZrgs4 embryos showed motility defects and presented reduced head and eye sizes, reflecting defective motoneurons axon outgrowth and a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. Forcing the expression of Rgs4 specifically within motoneurons rescued their early defective outgrowth in MZrgs4 embryos, indicating an autonomous role for Rgs4 in motoneurons. We also analyzed the role of Akt, Erk and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascades and showed a requirement for these pathways in motoneurons axon outgrowth and neuronal development. Drawing on pharmacological and rescue experiments in MZrgs4, we provide evidence that Rgs4 facilitates signaling mediated by Akt, Erk and mTOR in order to drive axon outgrowth in motoneurons and regulate neuronal numbers.
Collapse
|
11
|
Oprişoreanu AM, Smith HL, Krix S, Chaytow H, Carragher NO, Gillingwater TH, Becker CG, Becker T. Automated in vivo drug screen in zebrafish identifies synapse-stabilising drugs with relevance to spinal muscular atrophy. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:259422. [PMID: 33973627 PMCID: PMC8106959 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are particularly vulnerable in many neurodegenerative diseases and often the first to degenerate, for example in the motor neuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Compounds that can counteract synaptic destabilisation are rare. Here, we describe an automated screening paradigm in zebrafish for small-molecule compounds that stabilize the neuromuscular synapse in vivo. We make use of a mutant for the axonal C-type lectin chondrolectin (chodl), one of the main genes dysregulated in SMA. In chodl-/- mutants, neuromuscular synapses that are formed at the first synaptic site by growing axons are not fully mature, causing axons to stall, thereby impeding further axon growth beyond that synaptic site. This makes axon length a convenient read-out for synapse stability. We screened 982 small-molecule compounds in chodl chodl-/- mutants and found four that strongly rescued motor axon length. Aberrant presynaptic neuromuscular synapse morphology was also corrected. The most-effective compound, the adenosine uptake inhibitor drug dipyridamole, also rescued axon growth defects in the UBA1-dependent zebrafish model of SMA. Hence, we describe an automated screening pipeline that can detect compounds with relevance to SMA. This versatile platform can be used for drug and genetic screens, with wider relevance to synapse formation and stabilisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Oprişoreanu
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB
| | - Hannah L Smith
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB
| | - Sophia Krix
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB
| | - Helena Chaytow
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas H Gillingwater
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherina G Becker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB.,Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Becker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB
| |
Collapse
|