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Hou L, Guo S, Wang Y, Liu S, Wang X. Neuropeptide ACP is required for fat body lipid metabolism homeostasis in locusts. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:1453-1465. [PMID: 38227554 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Fat body metabolism plays crucial roles in each aspect of insect life traits. Although neuropeptides have been documented to be one of the major neuroendocrinal regulators involved in fat body metabolism, the detailed regulatory mechanism is poorly explored. Here, we conducted comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses of fat body between wide type (WT) and adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide (ACP) loss of function mutants of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. We found that knockout of ACP resulted in significantly reduced fat body triacylglycerol content but enhanced abundance of phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Additionally, the expression levels of genes involved in triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis and degradation were significantly altered in the fat body of ACP mutants. Moreover, female ACP mutants displayed much higher fecundity compared to WT females. These findings highlight the important role of neuropeptide ACP in fat body lipid metabolism homeostasis in locusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jiang M, Hong X, Gao Y, Kho AT, Tantisira KG, Li J. piRNA associates with immune diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:347. [PMID: 38943141 PMCID: PMC11214247 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) is the most abundant small non-coding RNA in animal cells, typically 26-31 nucleotides in length and it binds with PIWI proteins, a subfamily of Argonaute proteins. Initially discovered in germ cells, piRNA is well known for its role in silencing transposons and maintaining genome integrity. However, piRNA is also present in somatic cells as well as in extracellular vesicles and exosomes. While piRNA has been extensively studied in various diseases, particular cancer, its function in immune diseases remains unclear. In this review, we summarize current research on piRNA in immune diseases. We first introduce the basic characteristics, biogenesis and functions of piRNA. Then, we review the association of piRNA with different types of immune diseases, including autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency diseases, infectious diseases, and other immune-related diseases. piRNA is considered a promising biomarker for diseases, highlighting the need for further research into its potential mechanisms in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingye Jiang
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoning Hong
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Alvin T Kho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelan G Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China.
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He J, Kang L. Regulation of insect behavior by non-coding RNAs. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1106-1118. [PMID: 38443665 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The adaptation of insects to environments relies on a sophisticated set of behaviors controlled by molecular and physiological processes. Over the past several decades, accumulating studies have unveiled the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating insect behaviors. ncRNAs assume particularly pivotal roles in the behavioral plasticity of insects by rapidly responding to environmental stimuli. ncRNAs also contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis of insects by fine-tuning the expression of target genes. However, a comprehensive review of ncRNAs' roles in regulating insect behaviors has yet to be conducted. Here, we present the recent progress in our understanding of how ncRNAs regulate various insect behaviors, including flight and movement, social behavior, reproduction, learning and memory, and feeding. We refine the intricate mechanisms by which ncRNAs modulate the function of neural, motor, reproductive, and other physiological systems, as well as gene expression in insects like fruit flies, social insects, locusts, and mosquitos. Furthermore, we discuss potential avenues for future studies in ncRNA-mediated insect behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Zhu YN, He J, Wang J, Guo W, Liu H, Song Z, Kang L. Parental experiences orchestrate locust egg hatching synchrony by regulating nuclear export of precursor miRNA. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4328. [PMID: 38773155 PMCID: PMC11109280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Parental experiences can affect the phenotypic plasticity of offspring. In locusts, the population density that adults experience regulates the number and hatching synchrony of their eggs, contributing to locust outbreaks. However, the pathway of signal transmission from parents to offspring remains unclear. Here, we find that transcription factor Forkhead box protein N1 (FOXN1) responds to high population density and activates the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (Ptbp1) in locusts. FOXN1-PTBP1 serves as an upstream regulator of miR-276, a miRNA to control egg-hatching synchrony. PTBP1 boosts the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of pre-miR-276 in a "CU motif"-dependent manner, by collaborating with the primary exportin protein exportin 5 (XPO5). Enhanced nuclear export of pre-miR-276 elevates miR-276 expression in terminal oocytes, where FOXN1 activates Ptbp1 and leads to egg-hatching synchrony in response to high population density. Additionally, PTBP1-prompted nuclear export of pre-miR-276 is conserved in insects, implying a ubiquitous mechanism to mediate transgenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Nan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhuoran Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.
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Chen B, Cao G, Chen Y, Zhang T, Zhou G, Yang X. Reduced cold tolerance of viral-infected leafhoppers attenuates viral persistent epidemics. mBio 2024; 15:e0321123. [PMID: 38564693 PMCID: PMC11077983 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03211-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Most arthropod-borne viruses produce intermittent epidemics in infected plants. However, the underlying mechanisms of these epidemics are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV), a viral pathogen, significantly increases the mortality of its overwintering vector, the leafhopper species Recilia dorsalis. Cold-stress assays indicated that RSMV reduces the cold tolerance of leafhoppers, a process associated with the downregulation of leafhopper cuticular protein genes. An RSMV-derived small RNA (vsiR-t00355379) was found to facilitate the downregulation of a leafhopper endocuticle gene that is mainly expressed in the abdomen (named RdABD-5) and is conserved across dipteran species. The downregulation of RdABD-5 expression in R. dorsalis resulted in fewer and thinner endocuticle lamellae, leading to decreased cold tolerance. This effect was correlated with a reduced incidence rate of RSMV in early-planted rice plants. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanism by which viral pathogens reduce cold tolerance in arthropod vectors and suggest an approach to managing the fluctuating prevalence of arboviruses. IMPORTANCE Increasing arthropod vector dispersal rates have increased the susceptibility of crop to epidemic viral diseases. However, the incidence of some viral diseases fluctuates annually. In this study, we demonstrated that a rice virus reduces the cold tolerance of its leafhopper vector, Recilia dorsalis. This effect is linked to the virus-derived small RNA-mediated downregulation of a gene encoding a leafhopper abdominal endocuticle protein. Consequently, the altered structural composition of the abdominal endocuticle reduces the overwinter survival of leafhoppers, resulting in a lower incidence of RSMV infection in early-planted rice plants. Our findings illustrate the important roles of RNA interference in virus-vector insect-environment interactions and help explain the annual fluctuations of viral disease epidemics in rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gehui Cao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulu Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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de Carvalho CF. Epigenetic effects of climate change on insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 57:101029. [PMID: 37028647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has been causing severe modifications to the environment that are predicted to aggravate in the future, which create critical challenges for insects to cope. Populations can respond to the changes depending on the standing genetic variation. Additionally, they could potentially rely on epigenetic mechanisms as a source of phenotypic variation. These mechanisms can influence gene regulation and can respond to the external environment, being implicated in phenotypic plasticity. Thus, epigenetic variation could be advantageous in changing, unpredictable environments. However, little is known about causal relationships between epigenetic marks and insects' phenotypes, and whether the effects are truly beneficial to the fitness. Empirical studies are now urgent to better understand whether epigenetic variation can help or hinder insect populations facing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa F de Carvalho
- Dep. de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil.
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