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Miao B, Ge L, He C, Wang X, Wu J, Li X, Chen K, Wan J, Xing S, Ren L, Shi Z, Liu S, Hu Y, Chen J, Yu Y, Feng L, Flores NM, Liang Z, Xu X, Wang R, Zhou J, Fan J, Xiang B, Li E, Mao Y, Cheng J, Zhao K, Mazur PK, Cai J, Lan F. SMYD5 is a ribosomal methyltransferase that catalyzes RPL40 lysine methylation to enhance translation output and promote hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Res 2024; 34:648-660. [PMID: 39103523 PMCID: PMC11369092 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-01013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
While lysine methylation is well-known for regulating gene expression transcriptionally, its implications in translation have been largely uncharted. Trimethylation at lysine 22 (K22me3) on RPL40, a core ribosomal protein located in the GTPase activation center, was first reported 27 years ago. Yet, its methyltransferase and role in translation remain unexplored. Here, we report that SMYD5 has robust in vitro activity toward RPL40 K22 and primarily catalyzes RPL40 K22me3 in cells. The loss of SMYD5 and RPL40 K22me3 leads to reduced translation output and disturbed elongation as evidenced by increased ribosome collisions. SMYD5 and RPL40 K22me3 are upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Depleting SMYD5 renders HCC cells hypersensitive to mTOR inhibition in both 2D and 3D cultures. Additionally, the loss of SMYD5 markedly inhibits HCC development and growth in both genetically engineered mouse and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, with the inhibitory effect in the PDX model further enhanced by concurrent mTOR suppression. Our findings reveal a novel role of the SMYD5 and RPL40 K22me3 axis in translation elongation and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting SMYD5 in HCC, particularly with concurrent mTOR inhibition. This work also conceptually broadens the understanding of lysine methylation, extending its significance from transcriptional regulation to translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisi Miao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghao Wang
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jibo Wu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Minhang Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinkai Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghui Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingnan Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhennan Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijian Feng
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Natasha M Flores
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhihui Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoxin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - En Li
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhui Mao
- Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingdong Cheng
- Minhang Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kehao Zhao
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Pawel K Mazur
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jiabin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Bussey-Sutton CR, Ward A, Fox JA, Turner AMW, Peterson JJ, Emery A, Longoria AR, Gomez-Martinez I, Jones C, Hepperla A, Margolis DM, Strahl BD, Browne EP. The histone methyltransferase SETD2 regulates HIV expression and latency. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012281. [PMID: 38848441 PMCID: PMC11189200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that drive HIV expression and latency is a key goal for achieving an HIV cure. Here we investigate the role of the SETD2 histone methyltransferase, which deposits H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3), in HIV infection. We show that prevention of H3K36me3 by a potent and selective inhibitor of SETD2 (EPZ-719) leads to reduced post-integration viral gene expression and accelerated emergence of latently infected cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of SETD2 in primary CD4 T cells confirmed the role of SETD2 in HIV expression. Transcriptomic profiling of EPZ-719-exposed HIV-infected cells identified numerous pathways impacted by EPZ-719. Notably, depletion of H3K36me3 prior to infection did not prevent HIV integration but resulted in a shift of integration sites from highly transcribed genes to quiescent chromatin regions and to polycomb repressed regions. We also observed that SETD2 inhibition did not apparently affect HIV RNA levels, indicating a post-transcriptional mechanism affecting HIV expression. Viral RNA splicing was modestly reduced in the presence of EPZ-719. Intriguingly, EPZ-719 exposure enhanced responsiveness of latent HIV to the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat, suggesting that H3K36me3 can contribute to a repressive chromatin state at the HIV locus. These results identify SETD2 and H3K36me3 as novel regulators of HIV integration, expression and latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R. Bussey-Sutton
- Department of Biochemistry, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Airlie Ward
- Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC HIV Cure Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Fox
- Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC HIV Cure Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anne-Marie W. Turner
- Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC HIV Cure Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jackson J. Peterson
- UNC HIV Cure Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ann Emery
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Arturo R. Longoria
- Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC HIV Cure Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ismael Gomez-Martinez
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Corbin Jones
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Austin Hepperla
- Department of Genetics, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David M. Margolis
- Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC HIV Cure Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edward P. Browne
- Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC HIV Cure Center, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Tae IH, Ryu TY, Kang Y, Lee J, Kim K, Lee JM, Kim HW, Ko JH, Kim DS, Son MY, Cho HS. Negative regulation of SH2B3 by SMYD5 controls epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100067. [PMID: 38723947 PMCID: PMC11143772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The main cause of death in lung cancer patients is metastasis. Thus, efforts to suppress micrometastasis or distant metastasis in lung cancer, identify therapeutic targets and develop related drugs are ongoing. In this study, we identified SET and MYND domain-containing protein 5 (SMYD5) as a novel metastasis regulator in lung cancer and found that SMYD5 was overexpressed in lung cancer based on both RNA-sequencing analysis results derived from the TCGA portal and immunohistochemical analysis results; knockdown of SMYD5 inhibited cell migration and invasion by changing epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and MMP9 expression in NCI-H1299 and H1703 cell lines. Additionally, SMYD5 knockdown increased Src homology 2-b3 expression by decreasing the level of H4K20 trimethylation. Furthermore, in an in vitro epithelial-mesenchymal transition system using TGF-β treatment, SMYD5 knockdown resulted in reduced cell migration and invasion in the highly invasive NCI-H1299 and H1703 cell lines. Based on these findings, we propose that SMYD5 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment and that cotreatment with an SMYD5 inhibitor and chemotherapy may enhance the therapeutic effect of lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hwan Tae
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Ryu
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsang Kang
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkwon Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanho Kim
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Won Kim
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heon Ko
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Boehm D, Kaehlcke K, Schnoelzer M, Ott M. Protocol for an in vitro assay to study HIV-1 Tat methylation. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102687. [PMID: 37979180 PMCID: PMC10694577 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical virus-encoded regulator of HIV-1 transcription is the Tat protein, which is required to potently activate transcription. Tat is regulated by a wide variety of post-translational modifications. This protocol describes an in vitro assay to study Tat methylation. We describe steps for incorporation of radioactive methyl groups into Tat protein, visualization by gel analysis, Coomassie blue stain, gel drying, and detection by autoradiography. This protocol can also be used to assess methylation in other proteins such as histones. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Boehm et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Boehm
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Katrin Kaehlcke
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnoelzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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