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Du L, Zong Y, Li H, Wang Q, Xie L, Yang B, Pang Y, Zhang C, Zhong Z, Gao J. Hyperuricemia and its related diseases: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:212. [PMID: 39191722 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, characterized by elevated levels of serum uric acid (SUA), is linked to a spectrum of commodities such as gout, cardiovascular diseases, renal disorders, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, etc. Significantly impairing the quality of life for those affected, the prevalence of hyperuricemia is an upward trend globally, especially in most developed countries. UA possesses a multifaceted role, such as antioxidant, pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, nitric oxide modulating, anti-aging, and immune effects, which are significant in both physiological and pathological contexts. The equilibrium of circulating urate levels hinges on the interplay between production and excretion, a delicate balance orchestrated by urate transporter functions across various epithelial tissues and cell types. While existing research has identified hyperuricemia involvement in numerous biological processes and signaling pathways, the precise mechanisms connecting elevated UA levels to disease etiology remain to be fully elucidated. In addition, the influence of genetic susceptibilities and environmental determinants on hyperuricemia calls for a detailed and nuanced examination. This review compiles data from global epidemiological studies and clinical practices, exploring the physiological processes and the genetic foundations of urate transporters in depth. Furthermore, we uncover the complex mechanisms by which the UA induced inflammation influences metabolic processes in individuals with hyperuricemia and the association with its relative disease, offering a foundation for innovative therapeutic approaches and advanced pharmacological strategies.
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Grants
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002339, 81820108020 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Haorui Li
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Qiyue Wang
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yidan Pang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhong
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Salz R, Vorsteveld EE, van der Made CI, Kersten S, Stemerdink M, Riepe TV, Hsieh TH, Mhlanga M, Netea MG, Volders PJ, Hoischen A, ’t Hoen PA. Multi-omic profiling of pathogen-stimulated primary immune cells. iScience 2024; 27:110471. [PMID: 39091463 PMCID: PMC11293528 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
We performed long-read transcriptome and proteome profiling of pathogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors to discover new transcript and protein isoforms expressed during immune responses to diverse pathogens. Long-read transcriptome profiling reveals novel sequences and isoform switching induced upon pathogen stimulation, including transcripts that are difficult to detect using traditional short-read sequencing. Widespread loss of intron retention occurs as a common result of all pathogen stimulations. We highlight novel transcripts of NFKB1 and CASP1 that may indicate novel immunological mechanisms. RNA expression differences did not result in differences in the amounts of secreted proteins. Clustering analysis of secreted proteins revealed a correlation between chemokine (receptor) expression on the RNA and protein levels in C. albicans- and poly(I:C)-stimulated PBMCs. Isoform aware long-read sequencing of pathogen-stimulated immune cells highlights the potential of these methods to identify novel transcripts, revealing a more complex transcriptome landscape than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Salz
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Emil E. Vorsteveld
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Caspar I. van der Made
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Kersten
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Stemerdink
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tabea V. Riepe
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tsung-han Hsieh
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Musa Mhlanga
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter-Jan Volders
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biology, Jessa Hospital, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A.C. ’t Hoen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Devi S, Stehlik C, Dorfleutner A. Protocol to create a murine subcutaneous air pouch for the study of monosodium urate crystal-induced gout. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102888. [PMID: 38358882 PMCID: PMC10876590 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in articular joints and bursal tissue causes acute joint inflammation, which is a hallmark of gout. Here, we describe the steps necessary to create a subcutaneous air pouch on the back of mice that resembles this bursa-like space with a synovial lining-like membrane. We then detail the injection of MSU crystals into this pouch, which induces a localized inflammatory response reminiscent of gout and approaches to quantify the inflammatory response. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Devi et al. (2023),1 de Almeida et al. (2022),2 and Ratsimandresy et al. (2017).3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Devi
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Khare S, Devi S, Radian AD, Dorfleutner A, Stehlik C. Methods to Measure NLR Oligomerization I: Size Exclusion Chromatography, Co-immunoprecipitation, and Cross-Linking. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2696:55-71. [PMID: 37578715 PMCID: PMC11073631 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3350-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein oligomerization is a common principle of regulating cellular responses. Oligomerization of NLRs is essential for the formation of NLR signaling platforms and can be detected by several biochemical techniques. Some of these biochemical methods can be combined with functional assays, such as caspase-1 activity assay. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) allows separation of native protein lysates into different sized complexes by FPLC for follow-up analysis. Using co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), combined with SEC or on its own, enables subsequent antibody-based purification of NLR complexes and associated proteins, which can then be analyzed by immunoblot and/or subjected to functional caspase-1 activity assay. Native gel electrophoresis also allows detection of the NLR oligomerization state by immunoblot. Chemical cross-linking covalently joins two or more molecules, thus capturing the oligomeric state with high sensitivity and stability. ASC oligomerization has been successfully used as readout for NLR/ALR inflammasome activation in response to various PAMPs and DAMPs in human and mouse macrophages and THP-1 cells. Here, we provide a detailed description of the methods used for NLRP7 oligomerization in response to infection with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in primary human macrophages, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunoblot analysis of NLRP7 and NLRP3 inflammasome complexes as well as caspase-1 activity assays. Also, ASC oligomerization is shown in response to dsDNA, LPS/ATP, and LPS/nigericin in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and/or THP-1 cells or human primary macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Savita Devi
- Department of Academic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Department of Academic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Department of Academic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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