1
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Guo Y, Hartson SD, Rogers J, Brooks-Kanost L, Brooks D, Geisbrecht ER. Protocol for affinity purification-mass spectrometry interactome profiling in larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103064. [PMID: 38743568 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Many techniques exist for the identification of protein interaction networks. We present a protocol that relies on an affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) approach to detect proteins that co-purify with a tagged bait of interest from Drosophila melanogaster larval muscles using the GAL4/upstream activating sequence (UAS) expression system. We also describe steps for the isolation and identification of protein complexes, followed by streamlined bioinformatics analysis for rapid and reproducible results. This protocol can be extended to investigate protein interactions in other tissues. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Guo et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA.
| | - Steven D Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Janet Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lillian Brooks-Kanost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA
| | - David Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA.
| | - Erika R Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA.
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2
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Lin Q, Chen J, Zhang Y, Gao Q, Zhu L, Xing Q, Geng J. Protocol to synthesize sequence-controlled glycooligomers for tumor targeting in mice. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103029. [PMID: 38728135 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the higher and more rapid consumption of carbohydrates by cancer cells compared to normal cells, carbohydrates can be effectively employed as a targeted therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment. Here, we present a protocol for synthesizing sequence-controlled glycooligomers using both solution-phase and solid-phase systems. We outline detailed procedures for evaluating the safety and tumor-targeting properties of the sequence-controlled glycooligomers in vivo. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chen et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qina Lin
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518059, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518059, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518059, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Quan Gao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518059, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518059, China
| | - Qi Xing
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518059, China.
| | - Jin Geng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518059, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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3
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Ahn T, Largoza GE, Younis J, Dickinson ME, Hsu CW, Wythe JD. Protocol for optical, aqueous-based clearing of murine tissues using EZ Clear. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103053. [PMID: 38704833 PMCID: PMC11089399 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue clearing is an essential prerequisite for 3D volumetric imaging of larger tissues or organs. Here, we present a detailed protocol for optical, aqueous-based clearing of adult murine tissues using EZ Clear. We describe steps to ensure successful perfusion and fixation of organs from the adult mouse and supply guidelines for optimal lipid removal, refractive index matching, and tissue clearing. Finally, we provide imaging parameters for visualizing both exogenous perfused fluorescent dyes and endogenous fluorescence reporters in the adult mouse. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hsu et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyong Ahn
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Gabrielle E Largoza
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Julia Younis
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Optical Imaging and Vital Microscopy Core, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Education, Innovation and Technology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Brain, Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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4
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Wang C, Samantzis M, Balbi M. Protocol to measure monosynaptic connections between different cortical regions in mice using cell-pair cross correlogram of spike events. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103035. [PMID: 38678571 PMCID: PMC11068920 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation can facilitate interactions between neurons to rescue impaired brain function after stroke. Here, we present a protocol for measuring putative monosynaptic connections between different cortical regions. We detail procedures for tetrode fabrication, implantation surgery, stroke induction in mice, multi-site in vivo electrophysiological recording, units clustering, principal neuron/interneuron classification, and functional connection analysis. This protocol allows us to understand the mechanisms of stroke recovery. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wang et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Montana Samantzis
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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5
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Cappelletti M, Short D, Morselli M, Pellegrini M, Johnson MR, Afshar Y, Kallapur SG, Presicce P. Protocol for isolating amnion cells from human and non-human primate placenta for flow cytometry and transcriptomics. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103044. [PMID: 38678572 PMCID: PMC11068923 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The amnion is a thin layer of fetal origin in contact with the amniotic fluid which plays a key role at the feto-maternal interface during pregnancy. Here, we present a protocol for isolation of human and Rhesusmacaque amnion cells. We describe steps for tissue dissection, cell isolation for flow cytometry analysis, and RNA isolation for RNA sequencing library preparation and analysis. This protocol can provide insights into altered immunological pathways during intrauterine infections to develop new therapeutic strategies. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Presicce et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cappelletti
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Short
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (S.C.V.S.A.), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yalda Afshar
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pietro Presicce
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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6
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Rwandamuriye FX, Vitali B, Schreurs J, Wang T, Barrick E, Iyer KS, Lesterhuis WJ, Zemek RM, Wylie B. Protocol for delivery of intraoperative immunotherapy to mice by surgical debulking of subcutaneous tumors. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102948. [PMID: 38642337 PMCID: PMC11050725 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies developing novel therapies to prevent cancer recurrence require appropriate surgical models. Here, we present a protocol for surgical debulking of subcutaneous tumors in mice, which allows for intraoperative application of immunotherapy-loaded biomaterials. We describe steps for inoculating tumor cells, anesthetizing mice, and performing surgery. We then detail procedures for applying biomaterial, bandaging mice, and data collection and analysis. The optimized bandaging regimen resolves the issue of wound dehiscence after surgery, for C57BL/6 mice, which interfere with surgical sites. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Rwandamuriye et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Breana Vitali
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Juliët Schreurs
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Emily Barrick
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | | | - Rachael M Zemek
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Ben Wylie
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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7
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Liu G, Bandyadka S, McCall K. Protocol to analyze 3D neurodegenerative vacuoles in Drosophila melanogaster. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103017. [PMID: 38635393 PMCID: PMC11043950 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Vacuole formation is a key hallmark of age-dependent neurodegeneration in the Drosophila brain. Here, we present a protocol to analyze 3D neurodegenerative vacuoles in the whole-mount Drosophila melanogaster brain. We describe steps for whole-brain dissection, staining, 3D imaging, and z-stack image processing using Fiji ImageJ. We then detail procedures for annotating and 3D-reconstructing neurodegenerative vacuoles with WEBKNOSSOS and Python, and performing statistical analysis in Python. This protocol enables measurement of parameters such as the number and volume of each vacuole. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Elguero et al.1.
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8
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Jiang Z, Huang Z, Li Y, Yu X, Ma Y, Yu J, Xiang Y, Lv Y, Gao S, Luo Y, Wang B. A vascularized adipose organoid model using stromal vascular fraction cells from ruminant animals. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103019. [PMID: 38635394 PMCID: PMC11044132 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell culture serves as an efficient system for studying animal cell behavior in a controlled setting. Here, we present a 3D culture model for forming ruminant adipose organoids using stromal vascular fraction cells. We describe steps for forming cell spheroids and growing them on a Matrigel-coated surface. We then detail procedures for inducing organoids to undergo angiogenesis and adipogenesis followed by capillary sprouting. This protocol can be utilized to study the interaction between blood vessels and adipocytes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yu et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongzuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yating Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yannan Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Jinyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaoqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yicheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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Yu J, Hao J, Yorek MS, Han X, Avellino A, Jiang X, Liu S, Wang J, Li B. Determination of the FABP5 expression profile in skin lesions of an IMQ-induced psoriasis mouse model using flow cytometry. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103018. [PMID: 38613778 PMCID: PMC11026830 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) is a key player in psoriasis development. Therefore, characterizing the expression profile of FABP5 in various cell types within both layers of psoriatic skin is important. Here, we present a protocol that describes steps for an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model and preparation of epidermal and dermal single-cell suspensions. We then detail procedures to detect the FABP5 expression profile in skin keratinocytes and immune cells using intracellular flow cytometry staining. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hao et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jiaqing Hao
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew S Yorek
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xiaochun Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Xingshan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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10
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Whittaker B, Camacho-Alpízar A, Guillette L. Protocol to quantify bird nest morphology via image analyses using linear measurements and geometric landmarks. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103004. [PMID: 38607923 PMCID: PMC11017349 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol to quantify bird nest morphology via image analyses. We describe steps for collecting linear size measurements, placing geometric landmarks, and undertaking generalized Procrustes analysis to extract coordinate data. This protocol was designed to measure within- and among-individual variation in the morphology of dome nests built by captive zebra finches using coconut fiber in a laboratory environment. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Whittaker et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Whittaker
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | | | - Lauren Guillette
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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11
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Tang M, Uhlmann F. Protocol for studying topological DNA interactions by purified fission yeast condensin. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102995. [PMID: 38578833 PMCID: PMC11000164 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
To understand the transition from interphase chromatin into well-shaped chromosomes during cell divisions, we need to understand the biochemical activities of the contributing proteins. Here, we present a protocol to investigate how the ring-shaped condensin complex sequentially and topologically entraps two DNA substrates. We describe the steps to prepare purified Schizosaccharomyces pombe condensin, as well as bulk biochemical assays to monitor the first and second DNA capture reactions. This protocol may facilitate further investigations of these essential genome organizers. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Tang et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhe Tang
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Frank Uhlmann
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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12
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Palacios-Rápalo SN, Hernández-Castillo J, Cordero-Rivera CD, Benítez-Vega ML, De Jesús-González LA, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Farfan-Morales CN, Osuna-Ramos JF, Gonzalez-Gonzalez AM, Cruz R, Del Ángel RM. Protocol to evaluate the antiviral effect of FDA-approved drugs against dengue virus in Huh7 cells and AG129 mice. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102992. [PMID: 38568816 PMCID: PMC10999876 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Finding an effective therapy against diseases caused by flaviviruses remains a challenge. Here, we present a protocol to test Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that inhibit host nuclear protein import, promoting a reduction of dengue infection. We describe steps for analyzing the drug effect on nuclear import inhibition of cellular and viral proteins by confocal microscopy or western blotting. We then describe procedures for measuring the antiviral drug effects on virus-infected cells by flow cytometry and testing drug efficacy in dengue-infected AG129 mice by survival assays. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Palacios-Rápalo et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvin Noé Palacios-Rápalo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Hernández-Castillo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Magda Lizbeth Benítez-Vega
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | | | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz 91897, México; Facultad de Medicina, Región Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Veracruz 91700, México
| | - Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05348, México
| | | | - Arely M Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Tisular y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 54090, Mexico
| | - Raymundo Cruz
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
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13
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Hao Y, Zhang C, Li F, Fan Y, Chi K, Zeng H, Zhang J. Protocol for identifying stressed granulocytes from septic mice. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102958. [PMID: 38568818 PMCID: PMC10999655 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis trains stressed granulocytes to boost nonspecific response and trigger a new wave of inflammation when facing secondary infection. Here, we present a protocol for a murine model of sepsis with secondary infection. We describe steps for cecal ligation and puncture operation and rechallenging with lipopolysaccharide or Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the recovery phase. We also detail steps to characterize the stressed granulocytes by assessing their functional phenotypes and effect on the mortality of rechallenged mice. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wang et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Kexin Chi
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China.
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14
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Dai T, Rich LJ, Seshadri M, Dasgupta S. Protocol to detect and quantify tumor hypoxia in mice using photoacoustic imaging. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102993. [PMID: 38568814 PMCID: PMC10999710 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) with co-registered ultrasound (US) is a hybrid non-invasive imaging modality that enables visualization and quantification of tumor hypoxia in live animals. Here, using a breast tumor xenograft model as an example, we present a stepwise protocol describing animal preparation, positioning, instrument setup, and US-PAI image acquisition procedures. This protocol also guides through detailed data analysis, explains functional readouts obtained from PAI, and discusses the potential application of the technology to study the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Dai et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dai
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Laurie J Rich
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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15
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Dean I, Kennedy BC, Li Z, Berditchevski F, Withers DR. Protocol for transcutaneous tumor photolabeling to track immune cells in vivo using Kaede mice. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102956. [PMID: 38512866 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical tumor models have advanced our understanding of the tumor microenvironment. However, the temporal dynamics of cellular recruitment and retention within these models is poorly understood. Here, we present a protocol using transcutaneous labeling of the tumor compartment using subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors. We describe the process of cell line implantation and photoconversion of tumors to differentiate newly recruited cells from those retained within tumors. Photoconversion enables tracking of both immune cell recruitment to tumors and egress to the lymphatics. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al.1 and Molostvov et al.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Dean
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, The University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK; Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, SW3 6JB London, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomics, The University of Birmingham, B15 2 TT Birmingham, UK.
| | - Bethany C Kennedy
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, The University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhi Li
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, The University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK
| | - Fedor Berditchevski
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics, The University of Birmingham, B15 2 TT Birmingham, UK
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, The University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK.
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16
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Hooshmandi M, Wong C, Lister KC, Brown N, Cai W, Ho-Tieng D, Stecum P, Backman T, Kostantin E, Khoutorsky A. Protocol for measuring protein synthesis in specific cell types in the mouse brain using in vivo non-canonical amino acid tagging. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102775. [PMID: 38085640 PMCID: PMC10783633 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The fluorescent non-canonical amino acid tagging (FUNCAT) technique has been used to visualize newly synthesized proteins in cell lines and tissues. Here, we present a protocol for measuring protein synthesis in specific cell types in the mouse brain using in vivo FUNCAT. We describe steps for metabolically labeling newly synthesized proteins with azidohomoalanine, which introduces an azide group into the polypeptide. We then detail procedures for binding a fluorophore-conjugated alkyne to the azide group to allow its visualization. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to tom Dieck et al. (2012)1 and Hooshmandi et al. (2023).2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hooshmandi
- Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Calvin Wong
- Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin C Lister
- Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole Brown
- Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Ho-Tieng
- Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Stecum
- Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Backman
- Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elie Kostantin
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cite-de-la-Sante Hospital, Optilab LLL and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Clements M, Simpson Ragdale H, Garcia-Diaz C, Parrinello S. Generation of immunocompetent somatic glioblastoma mouse models through in situ transformation of subventricular zone neural stem cells. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102928. [PMID: 38430519 PMCID: PMC10914519 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease-relevant in vivo tumor models are essential tools for both discovery and translational research. Here, we describe a highly genetically tractable technique for generating immunocompetent somatic glioblastoma (GBM) mouse models using piggyBac transposition and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing in wild-type mice. We describe steps to deliver plasmids into subventricular zone endogenous neural stem cells by injection and electroporation, leading to the development of adult tumors that closely recapitulate the histopathological, molecular, and cellular features of human GBM. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Garcia-Diaz et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Clements
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, WC1E 6DD London, UK.
| | | | - Claudia Garcia-Diaz
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, WC1E 6DD London, UK
| | - Simona Parrinello
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, WC1E 6DD London, UK.
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18
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Singh SB, Rajput SS, Patil S, Subramanyam D. Protocol for measuring mechanical properties of live cells using atomic force microscopy. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102870. [PMID: 38329878 PMCID: PMC10865473 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscope (AFM) is a powerful and versatile tool to determine the physical properties of cells. The force-distance curves obtained from AFM experiments can be used to determine the stiffness and viscoelastic properties of cells. Here, we present a protocol for the determination of viscoelasticity from live cells such as Drosophila hemocytes or mouse embryonic stem cells using AFM. This protocol has potential application in determining the physical properties of cells in healthy and diseased conditions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mote et al. (2020),1 and Singh et al. (2023).2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Bansi Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India; SP Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shatruhan Singh Rajput
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, UK
| | - Shivprasad Patil
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Deepa Subramanyam
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune 411007, India.
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19
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Lücke J, Zhang T, Zazara DE, Seeger P, Izbicki JR, Hackert T, Huber S, Giannou AD. Protocol for generating lung and liver metastasis in mice using models that bypass intravasation. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102696. [PMID: 38244200 PMCID: PMC10831314 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Forced metastasis models, those in which the step of intravasation is bypassed, can be used to investigate the mechanisms underlying metastasis and evaluate potential therapeutic targets. Here, we present a protocol for using three forced models of lung and liver metastasis to generate metastasis within 3-4 weeks in approximately 99% of injected mice. We describe steps for cancer cell preparation, mouse analgesia and anesthesia; injecting through intrasplenic, intraportal, and intravenous techniques; and daily evaluation of metastasis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Giannou et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra E Zazara
- Division for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Seeger
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jacob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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20
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Petratou D, Fragkiadaki P, Lionaki E, Tavernarakis N. Assessing locomotory rate in response to food for the identification of neuronal and muscular defects in C. elegans. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102801. [PMID: 38159271 PMCID: PMC10805661 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
C. elegans is a bacteria-eating soil-dwelling nematode. Typical cultivation of laboratory-reared populations occurs on bacteria-covered solid media, where they move along with sinusoidal undulations. Nematodes decelerate when they encounter food. Dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission regulate this behavior. Here, we describe the procedure for determining food-dependent locomotion rate of fed and fasting nematodes. We detail steps for assay plate preparation, C. elegans synchronization, and assessment of locomotion. The behaviors we describe provide information regarding the animal's physiological neuronal and muscular function. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Petratou et al. (2023)1 and Sawin et al. (2000).2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysia Petratou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Department of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece.
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21
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Khan B, Lazarte IP, Jaesiri OM, Zhao P, Semmelhack JL. Protocol for using UV stimuli to evoke prey capture strikes in head-fixed zebrafish larvae. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102780. [PMID: 38117657 PMCID: PMC10772384 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hunting in larval zebrafish begins with eye convergence and orienting turns, proceeds to approach swims, and ends with the strike, where larvae consume the prey. Here, we describe a protocol to present UV stimuli to zebrafish, which greatly increases the occurrence of hunting initiation and strikes. We also describe how we record and analyze strike behavior in head-fixed larvae. Our goals are to increase the robustness of prey capture and to allow other labs to implement the strike behavioral assay. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Khan et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadeep Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
| | - Ivan P Lazarte
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - On-Mongkol Jaesiri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Peixiong Zhao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Julie L Semmelhack
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China; Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
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22
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Huang F, Bello ST, Baset A, Chen X, He J. Protocol for induction of heterosynaptic long-term potentiation in the mouse hippocampus via dual-opsin stimulation technique. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102860. [PMID: 38306268 PMCID: PMC10847677 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the most abundant neuropeptide that broadly regulates the physiological status of animals. Here, we present a two-color laser theta burst stimulation (L-TBS) protocol for simultaneous activation of Schaffer collateral and perforant pathway in the hippocampus of CCK Cre mice. We describe steps for heterosynaptic long-term potentiation induction by L-TBS. This technique allows for the examination of the neurotransmitter roles in synaptic modulation and facilitates the exploration of pathological mechanisms in genetic models of brain disorders in mice. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Su et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 0000, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong 0000, China.
| | - Stephen Temitayo Bello
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 0000, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong 0000, China
| | - Abdul Baset
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 0000, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong 0000, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 0000, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518507, China
| | - Jufang He
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 0000, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 0000, China; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518507, China.
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23
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Bojmar L, Kim HS, Sugiura K, Heissel S, Lucotti S, Cioffi M, Johnson KE, Cohen-Gould L, Zhang H, Molina H, Matei IR, Lyden D, Hoshino A. Protocol for cross-platform characterization of human and murine extracellular vesicles and particles. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102754. [PMID: 38096060 PMCID: PMC10762520 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterization of isolated extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) is crucial for determining functions and biomarker potential. Here, we present a protocol to analyze size, number, morphology, and EVP protein cargo and to validate EVP proteins in both humans and mice. We describe steps for nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, single-EVP immunodetection, EVP proteomic mass spectrometry and bioinformatic analysis, and EVP protein validation by ExoELISA and western blot analysis. This allows for EVP cross-validation across different platforms. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hoshino et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bojmar
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Han Sang Kim
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kei Sugiura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Søren Heissel
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serena Lucotti
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Cioffi
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kofi Ennu Johnson
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leona Cohen-Gould
- Microscopy & Image Analysis, Core Facilities, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina R Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ayuko Hoshino
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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24
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Luengo-Mateos M, González-Vila A, Torres Caldas AM, Alasaoufi AM, González-Domínguez M, López M, González-García I, Barca-Mayo O. Protocol for ovariectomy and estradiol replacement in mice. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102910. [PMID: 38416648 PMCID: PMC10907206 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovariectomy, involving the surgical removal of ovaries, and estradiol replacement facilitate the understanding of sexual dimorphism-related physiological changes, encompassing reproductive biology, metabolism, and hormone-related diseases. In this study, we present a protocol for conducting ovariectomy and estradiol replacement in mice. We describe steps for performing sham and ovariectomy operations, outline preoperative preparations, and provide details on postoperative care, including analgesia administration and the removal of surgical clips. Additionally, we elaborate on the procedures for performing vehicle and estradiol injections. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Luengo-Mateos et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luengo-Mateos
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antía González-Vila
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; NeurObesity Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana María Torres Caldas
- Center for Experimental Biomedicine (CEBEGA), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ali M Alasaoufi
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marco González-Domínguez
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ismael González-García
- Neuroendocrine Regulation of Metabolism Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Olga Barca-Mayo
- Circadian and Glial Biology Lab, Physiology Department, Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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25
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Shi Y, Wang G. Protocol to study microcircuits in the medial entorhinal cortex in mice using multiple patch-clamp recordings and morphological reconstruction. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102917. [PMID: 38421863 PMCID: PMC10910315 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple patch-clamp recordings and morphological reconstruction are powerful approaches for neuronal microcircuitry dissection and cell type classification but are challenging due to the sophisticated expertise needed. Here, we present a protocol for applying these techniques to neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) of mice. We detail steps to prepare brain slices containing MEC and perform simultaneous multiple whole-cell recordings, followed by procedures of histological staining and neuronal reconstruction. We then describe how we analyze morphological and electrophysiological features. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Shi et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Shi
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guangfu Wang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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26
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Sun N, Shao H, Zhang Y, Ci B, Yao H, Bai B, Tan T. Establishing a 3D culture system for early organogenesis of monkey embryos ex vivo and single-cell transcriptome analysis of cultured embryos. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102835. [PMID: 38224493 PMCID: PMC10826423 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Creating in vitro culture platforms for monkey embryos is crucial for understanding the initial 4 weeks of early primate embryogenesis. Here, we present a protocol to culture cynomolgus monkey embryos in vitro for 25 days post-fertilization and to delineate the key developmental events of gastrulation and early organogenesis. We describe steps for culturing with a 3D system, immunofluorescence analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Gong et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianqin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Honglian Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Youyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Baiquan Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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27
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Turcan A, Lee J, Wacholder A, Carvunis AR. Integrative detection of genome-wide translation using iRibo. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102826. [PMID: 38217852 PMCID: PMC10826316 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosome profiling is a sequencing technique that provides a global picture of translation across a genome. Here, we present iRibo, a software program for integrating any number of ribosome profiling samples to obtain sensitive inference of annotated or unannotated translated open reading frames. We describe the process of using iRibo to generate a species' translatome from a set of ribosome profiling samples using S. cerevisiae as an example. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wacholder et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Turcan
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Joint CMU-Pitt Ph.D. Program in Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Joint CMU-Pitt Ph.D. Program in Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aaron Wacholder
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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28
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Nash MJ, Dobrinskikh E, Wang D, Pietras EM, Janssen RC, Friedman JE, Wesolowski SR. Isolating mononuclear cells from fetal bone and liver for metabolic, functional, and immunophenotypic analyses in nonhuman primates. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102849. [PMID: 38324447 PMCID: PMC10859273 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying fetal hematopoiesis is challenging as hematopoiesis transitions from the liver to bone marrow. Obtaining human samples is not possible, and small animal models may not provide sufficient biological material. Here, we present a protocol for isolating hematopoietic cells from the nonhuman primate fetal liver and bone. We describe steps for using cells from the same fetus for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to measure metabolism, assessing cellular function, and flow cytometry for immunophenotyping at the single-cell level. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Nash et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Nash
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric M Pietras
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rachel C Janssen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Stephanie R Wesolowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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29
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Colenbier R, Coppens L, Logghe T, van Zwol E, Timmermans JP, Bogers J. Protocol for xenografting of BxPC-3 pancreatic tumors using a chorioallantoic membrane model. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102968. [PMID: 38492226 PMCID: PMC10959712 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model is an increasingly attractive model for the study of human tumors. However, concise techniques for the use of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma BxPC-3 xenografts in CAM assays are not yet available. Here, we present a protocol for the induction of BxPC-3 xenograft tumors with high grafting efficiency. We describe steps for embryo incubation, egg handling, and grafting, each of which has been optimized to prevent fungal contamination and minimize mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Colenbier
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Lenny Coppens
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes Bogers
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; ElmediX NV, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium.
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30
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Fischer S, Creytens D, Gijsels S, Descamps B, Lapeire L, Hendrix A, Sys G, De Wever O. Generation of post-surgical minimal residual disease models to investigate metastasis in soft tissue sarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenografts. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102863. [PMID: 38421864 PMCID: PMC10910305 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite optimal multimodal treatment including surgical resection, 50%-80% of high-grade soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients metastasize. Here, we present a protocol for the generation and use of post-surgical minimal residual disease models to investigate metastatic relapse in STS patient-derived xenografts. We describe steps for orthotopic engraftment of high-grade STS patient-derived tumor tissue. We then detail procedures for primary tumor resection with broad, negative resection margins and follow-up until metastases using MRI. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Fischer et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Fischer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Gastro-Intestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - David Creytens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Gijsels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Gastro-Intestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Animalarium, Radiological and Radiobiological Techniques, Histology Core, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Lapeire
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gwen Sys
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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31
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Xiang J, Xia Y, Luo S, Zhang Z, Ye K. Protocol for screening α-synuclein PET tracer candidates in vitro and ex vivo. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102788. [PMID: 38117656 PMCID: PMC10770748 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a valuable approach for diagnosing and monitoring synucleinopathies-related diseases, such as Parkinson disease. Here, we present a protocol for screening potential α-Syn PET tracers using in vitro and ex vivo approaches. We describe steps for employing recombinant pre-formed fibrils and conducting screening procedures on neuronal models, mouse models, and patients' brain tissue sections to assess the specificity and selectivity of the candidate compounds. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Xiang et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yiyuan Xia
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University; Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Shilin Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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32
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Lee H, Thompson PJ, Engin F. Protocol for quantifying SA-β-gal activity as a measure of senescence in islets of a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102923. [PMID: 38427571 PMCID: PMC10918323 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation of pancreatic beta cells becomes senescent during type 1 diabetes (T1D) progression, and removal of these populations protects against T1D in mice. Here, we present a protocol to measure senescence in murine pancreatic islet cells through analysis of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. We describe steps for staining with the fluorogenic substrate C12FDG and analysis by flow cytometry. Increased cell size is another marker of senescence and can also be concurrently measured in the same experiment. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Lee et al.1 and Helman et al.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Peter J Thompson
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB RT3 2N2, Canada
| | - Feyza Engin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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33
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Tedla MG, Wright N, Yolcu ES, Wang Y, Shirwan H. Protocol for transplanting pancreatic islets into the parametrial fat pad of female mice. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102816. [PMID: 38180833 PMCID: PMC10801339 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the male epididymal fat pad is an effective site for islet transplantation, females lack this tissue. Here, we present a protocol to assess the parametrial fat pad (PFP) adjacent to the uterine horn in females as an alternative site for islet transplantation. We describe steps for islet isolation from the pancreas, counting, transplantation into PFP, and monitoring for engraftment. Transplantation into PFP is minimally invasive, time efficient, and supports long-term engraftment of syngeneic islets and rejection of allogeneic islets. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhang et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebrahtu G Tedla
- Department of Pediatrics, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; NextGen Precision Health Institute, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nathaniel Wright
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Esma S Yolcu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; NextGen Precision Health Institute, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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34
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Zhang W, Li X, Zhao Y, Lei K. Protocol for culturing and functionally manipulating planarian neoblasts using SiR-DNA-based flow cytometry. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102877. [PMID: 38324448 PMCID: PMC10859292 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neoblasts are the only cells capable of proliferation in planarians. The traditional flow cytometry protocol using Hoechst inhibits the cell cycle. Here, we present a protocol for culturing and functionally manipulating planarian neoblasts using SiR-DNA-based flow cytometry. We describe steps for cell dissociation and staining, flow cytometry, and cell collection and culture. We then detail procedures for Nanoluciferase mRNA transfection. This protocol facilitates further investigations into the pluripotency and regeneration mechanisms within neoblasts. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Lei et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zhang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinran Li
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Kai Lei
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
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35
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Chu Z, Kassmann M, Anistan YM, Luft FC, Gollasch M, Tsvetkov D. Protocol for assessing myogenic tone and perfusion pressure in isolated mouse kidneys. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102845. [PMID: 38294910 PMCID: PMC10844887 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The isolated perfused kidney is a classic ex vivo preparation for studying renal physiology in general and vascular function. Here, we present a protocol for assessing myogenic tone in isolated mouse kidneys as well as vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive responses, expressed as perfusion pressure. We describe steps for pre-operative preparation, kidney and renal artery isolation, and connection of renal artery with glass cannula. We then detail how to measure pressure changes in perfused kidneys and the myogenic tone. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Cui et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhugang Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yoland-Marie Anistan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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36
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Devi S, Stehlik C, Dorfleutner A. Protocol to create a murine subcutaneous air pouch for the study of monosodium urate crystal-induced gout. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102888. [PMID: 38358882 PMCID: PMC10876590 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in articular joints and bursal tissue causes acute joint inflammation, which is a hallmark of gout. Here, we describe the steps necessary to create a subcutaneous air pouch on the back of mice that resembles this bursa-like space with a synovial lining-like membrane. We then detail the injection of MSU crystals into this pouch, which induces a localized inflammatory response reminiscent of gout and approaches to quantify the inflammatory response. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Devi et al. (2023),1 de Almeida et al. (2022),2 and Ratsimandresy et al. (2017).3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Devi
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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37
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Rizo JA, Spencer TE, Kelleher AM. Protocol for the establishment and characterization of an endometrial-derived epithelial organoid and stromal cell co-culture system. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102894. [PMID: 38363685 PMCID: PMC10879800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Postnatal development of the uterus involves the specification of undifferentiated epithelium into uterine-type epithelium. That specification is regulated by stromal-epithelial interactions as well as intrinsic cell-specific transcription factors and gene regulatory networks. Here, we present a co-culture system to study the effects of stromal-derived factors on epithelial cell growth and differentiation into organoids. First, we describe epithelial cell isolation and organoid growth characterization. Second, we detail a co-culture system that allows the study of stromal-derived paracrine factors on epithelial development. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Rizo et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Rizo
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Andrew M Kelleher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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38
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Lücke J, Mercanoglu B, Zhang T, Zazara DE, Zigmond E, Seeger P, Mann O, Izbicki JR, Hackert T, Huber S, Giannou AD. Mouse models of spontaneous liver and lung metastasis for colorectal cancer. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102811. [PMID: 38236770 PMCID: PMC10828897 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate underlying mechanisms for cancer metastasis and promising therapies in animal models, spontaneous metastasis models can be used to recreate metastasis development. Here, we present three mouse models of spontaneous lung and/or liver metastasis induction. We describe steps for cancer cell preparation, mouse analgesia, and three injection techniques (subcutaneous, intracecal, and intramucosal). We then detail procedures for evaluating metastasis. Most of these models generate metastasis in a time span of 4 weeks in the majority of injected mice. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Giannou et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Baris Mercanoglu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra E Zazara
- Division for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ehud Zigmond
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Philipp Seeger
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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39
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Dai B, Guo Z, Lin D. Brain-wide multi-fiber recording of neuronal activity in freely moving mice. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102882. [PMID: 38340320 PMCID: PMC10873755 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
While brain regions function in coordination to mediate diverse behaviors, techniques allowing simultaneous monitoring of many deep brain regions remain limited. Here, we present a multi-fiber recording protocol that enables simultaneous recording of fluorescence signals from multiple brain regions in freely behaving mice. We describe steps for assembling a multi-fiber array and patch cord, implantation, and recording. We then detail procedures for data extraction and visualization. This protocol enables a comprehensive view of the neural activity at the network level. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Guo et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Dai
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Zhichao Guo
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dayu Lin
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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40
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Li C, Zhang Y, Sun T, Abumaria N. Protocol for two models of behavioral transition from action to no-action when facing prolonged uncontrollable experience in mice. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102967. [PMID: 38492225 PMCID: PMC10959713 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncontrollability could lead to behavioral adjustment or even giving up when facing repeated failure. Here, we detail a protocol to study the behavioral transition from action to no-action induced by prolonged uncontrollable experiences in mice. We describe the behavioral devices, video analysis, and the exponential learning curve fitting for mathematical assessment. We perform further validation experiments evaluating locomotor, social, and anxiety-/depression-like behaviors. This approach helps study neural mechanisms underlying adaptive decision-making when facing repeated failure. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 20043, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nashat Abumaria
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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41
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Mahony CB, Monteiro R. Protocol for the analysis of hematopoietic lineages in the whole kidney marrow of adult zebrafish. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102810. [PMID: 38261517 PMCID: PMC10835462 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The whole kidney marrow (WKM) is the site for hematopoiesis in the adult zebrafish. Here, we present a protocol for analyzing hematopoietic lineages in the WKM of adult zebrafish. We describe steps for the isolation of hematopoietic cells from the WKM, the downstream analysis of total marrow cellularity, and analysis of cell populations by flow cytometry. We then detail procedures for May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining for analysis of cellular morphology and phenotyping. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mahony et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Mahony
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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42
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Chen J, He K, Han Y, Dickman D. Ca 2+ imaging of synaptic compartments using subcellularly targeted GCaMP8f in Drosophila. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102832. [PMID: 38198278 PMCID: PMC10820801 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
GCaMP8f is a sensitive genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator that enables imaging of neuronal activity. Here, we present a protocol to perform Ca2+ imaging of the Drosophila neuromuscular junction using GCaMP8f targeted to pre- or postsynaptic compartments. We describe ratiometric Ca2+ imaging using GCaMP8f fused to mScarlet and synaptotagmin that reveals Ca2+ dynamics at presynaptic terminals. We then detail "quantal" imaging of miniature transmission events using GCaMP8f targeted to postsynaptic compartments by fusion to a PDZ-binding motif. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al.,1 Han et al.,2 Perry et al.,3 and Han et al.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kaikai He
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yifu Han
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Dion Dickman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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43
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Ittiprasert W, Moescheid MM, Mann VH, Brindley PJ. Multiplexed CRISPR-Cas9 protocol for large transgene integration into the Schistosoma mansoni genome. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102886. [PMID: 38354082 PMCID: PMC10876972 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise, on-target CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing has been shown in Schistosoma mansoni, involving both non-homology end joining and homology-directed repair pathways. Here, we present a multiplexed CRISPR-Cas9 protocol for large transgene integration into the S. mansoni genome. We describe steps for deploying multiplexed ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) and donor DNA preparation. We then detail procedures for introducing RNPs into schistosome eggs by square-wave electroporation in the presence of a 5' phosphorothioate-modified double-stranded donor transgene. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ittiprasert et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannaporn Ittiprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | - Max M Moescheid
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Victoria H Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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44
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Majumder S, Parida S, Dey N. Protocol for imbibed seed piercing for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of jute. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102767. [PMID: 38085641 PMCID: PMC10726289 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a streamlined Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for jute (Corchorus sp.). We describe steps to pierce and vacuum infiltrate imbibed jute seeds with Agrobacterium suspension. We then detail procedures for selecting transformed seeds by using a hygromycin-B-supplemented medium. This approach can achieve transformation efficiencies of 20.44% ± 1.17% and 15.55% ± 0.58% for tossa (C. olitorius) and white (C. capsularis) jute, respectively. Demanding minimal resources and time, this protocol can elevate genetic engineering research in jute fiber crops. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Majumder et al. (2020).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvobrata Majumder
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | | | - Nrisingha Dey
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
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45
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Patnaik PK, Barlit H, Labunskyy VM. Manipulating mRNA-binding protein Cth2 function in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102807. [PMID: 38165801 PMCID: PMC10797207 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol for modulating the function of the Cth2 mRNA-binding protein (RBP) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We describe steps to amplify and integrate mutations in Cth2 that affect its stability and function. Next, we detail the functional assay to verify the activity of the wild-type and mutant versions of Cth2 in yeast cells. This protocol can be adopted to modify the function of other RBPs with their respective functional mutations. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Patnaik et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Patnaik
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Hanna Barlit
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Vyacheslav M Labunskyy
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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46
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Kim GHJ, Chen M, Kwok S, Guo S. Protocol for image-based small-molecule screen to identify neuroprotective compounds for dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102837. [PMID: 38217853 PMCID: PMC10825766 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole-organism-based screen holds promise for discovering biologically active compounds. However, high-content imaging is challenging due to the difficulty of positioning live animals and individual variability of neuron counts. Here, we present a protocol to identify neuroprotective compounds for dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish using an image-based small-molecule screen. We describe steps for raising larvae, agarose embedding, and treatment to induce neurodegeneration. We then detail procedures for live confocal imaging, image processing, and data analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kim et al. (2021).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gha-Hyun Jeffrey Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharie Kwok
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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47
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Durrieu L, Bush A, Colman-Lerner A. Protocol for FRAP-based estimation of nuclear import and export rates in single yeast cells. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102876. [PMID: 38349788 PMCID: PMC10876970 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol for estimating nuclear transport parameters in single cells. We describe steps for performing four consecutive fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments, fitting the obtained data to an ordinary differential equations model, and statistical analysis of the fittings using a specialized R package. This protocol permits the estimation of import and export rates, nuclear or cytosolic fixed fractions, and total number of molecules. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Durrieu et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Durrieu
- Institute of Physiology, Molecular Biology and Neurosciences, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (IFIBYNE- UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.
| | - Alan Bush
- Institute of Physiology, Molecular Biology and Neurosciences, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (IFIBYNE- UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Colman-Lerner
- Institute of Physiology, Molecular Biology and Neurosciences, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (IFIBYNE- UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.
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48
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Zhang D, Krimitza E, Han K, Su R, Xu DJ, Xu JR, Gong Y, Fan Y. Protocol to generate traceable CAR T cells for syngeneic mouse cancer models. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102898. [PMID: 38367235 PMCID: PMC10879777 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy is limited by insufficient infiltration and activation of T cells due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Preclinical studies with optimized mouse CAR T cells in immunocompetent mouse cancer models will help define the mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance. Here, we present a protocol for preparing mouse T cells and generating CAR T cells. We then detail procedures for testing their therapeutic efficacy and tracking them in a syngeneic mouse glioma model. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhang et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Elisavet Krimitza
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruiying Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David J Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jaiden R Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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49
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Ma N, Mourkioti F. Ex vivo two-photon imaging of whole-mount skeletal muscles to visualize stem cell behavior. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102772. [PMID: 38085638 PMCID: PMC10733746 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous and exhibit different lengths of cellular extensions, which we call protrusions. Here, we present a protocol for ex vivo two-photon imaging of MuSCs in their native environment. We describe steps for muscle dissection, fixation, embedding, imaging, and analysis of datasets. This protocol allows the examination of MuSC morphology and protrusions at the single-cell level as well as stem cell numbers. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ma et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoying Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Regeneration Program, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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50
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Santhanagopalan I, Netzl A, Mathur T, Smith A, Griffiths H, Holzer A. Protocol to isolate nuclei from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for ATAC sequencing. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102764. [PMID: 38236771 PMCID: PMC10828896 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The isolation of sufficient amounts of intact nuclei is essential to obtain high-resolution maps of chromatin accessibility via assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq). Here, we present a protocol for tag-free isolation of nuclei from both cell walled and cell wall-deficient strains of the green model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at a suitable quality for ATAC-seq. We describe steps for nuclei isolation, quantification, and downstream ATAC-seq. This protocol is optimized to shorten the time of isolation and quantification of nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Santhanagopalan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
| | - Antonia Netzl
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Tanya Mathur
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Alison Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Andre Holzer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; Center for Bioinformatics and Department of Computer Science, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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