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Wang Q, Wei Y, Huang Y, Qin J, Liu B, Liu R, Chen X, Li D, Wang Q, Li X, Yang X, Li Y, Sun H. Z3495, a LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator Encoded in O Island 97, Regulates Virulence Gene Expression in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Microorganisms 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38257967 PMCID: PMC10819331 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an important foodborne pathogen that infects humans by colonizing the large intestine. The genome of EHEC O157:H7 contains 177 unique O islands (OIs). Certain OIs significantly contribute to the heightened virulence and pathogenicity exhibited by EHEC O157:H7. However, the function of most OI genes remains unknown. We demonstrated here that EHEC O157:H7 adherence to and colonization of the mouse large intestine are both dependent on OI-97. Z3495, which is annotated as a LysR-type transcriptional regulator and encoded in OI-97, contributes to this phenotype. Z3495 activated the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) gene expression, promoting bacterial adherence. Deletion of z3495 significantly decreased the transcription of ler and other LEE genes, the ability to adhere to the host cells, and colonization in the mouse large intestine. Furthermore, the ChIP-seq results confirmed that Z3495 can directly bind to the promoter region of rcsF, which is a well-known activator of Ler, and increase LEE gene expression. Finally, phylogenetic analysis revealed that Z3495 is a widespread transcriptional regulator in enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. As a result of this study, we have gained a deeper understanding of how bacteria control their virulence and provide another example of a laterally acquired regulator that regulates LEE gene expression in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yi Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingliang Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Nankai International Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Ruiying Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xintong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuanke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (Q.W.); (Y.H.); (X.L.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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Zhang R, Wang Y. EvgS/EvgA, the unorthodox two-component system regulating bacterial multiple resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0157723. [PMID: 38019025 PMCID: PMC10734491 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01577-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE EvgS/EvgA, one of the five unorthodox two-component systems in Escherichia coli, plays an essential role in adjusting bacterial behaviors to adapt to the changing environment. Multiple resistance regulated by EvgS/EvgA endows bacteria to survive in adverse conditions such as acidic pH, multidrug, and heat. In this minireview, we summarize the specific structures and regulation mechanisms of EvgS/EvgA and its multiple resistance. By discussing several unresolved issues and proposing our speculations, this review will be helpful and enlightening for future directions about EvgS/EvgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Zhang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Liu B, Jiang L, Liu Y, Sun H, Yan J, Kang C, Yang B. Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli utilizes host- and microbiota-derived L-malate as a signaling molecule for intestinal colonization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7227. [PMID: 37945607 PMCID: PMC10636207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is a complex environment that hosts a diverse microbial community. To establish infection, bacterial pathogens must be able to compete with the indigenous microbiota for nutrients, as well as sense the host environment and modulate the expression of genes essential for colonization and virulence. Here, we found that enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 imports host- and microbiota-derived L-malate using the DcuABC transporters and converts these substrates into fumarate to fuel anaerobic fumarate respiration during infection, thereby promoting its colonization of the host intestine. Moreover, L-malate is important not only for nutrient metabolism but also as a signaling molecule that activates virulence gene expression in EHEC O157:H7. The complete virulence-regulating pathway was elucidated; the DcuS/DcuR two-component system senses high L-malate levels and transduces the signal to the master virulence regulator Ler, which in turn activates locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) genes to promote EHEC O157:H7 adherence to epithelial cells of the large intestine. Disruption of this virulence-regulating pathway by deleting either dcuS or dcuR significantly reduced colonization by EHEC O157:H7 in the infant rabbit intestinal tract; therefore, targeting these genes and altering physiological aspects of the intestinal environment may offer alternatives for EHEC infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yutao Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Sun
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chenbo Kang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
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Maiese K. Cornerstone Cellular Pathways for Metabolic Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus: Non-Coding RNAs, Wnt Signaling, and AMPK. Cells 2023; 12:2595. [PMID: 37998330 PMCID: PMC10670256 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders and diabetes (DM) impact more than five hundred million individuals throughout the world and are insidious in onset, chronic in nature, and yield significant disability and death. Current therapies that address nutritional status, weight management, and pharmacological options may delay disability but cannot alter disease course or functional organ loss, such as dementia and degeneration of systemic bodily functions. Underlying these challenges are the onset of aging disorders associated with increased lifespan, telomere dysfunction, and oxidative stress generation that lead to multi-system dysfunction. These significant hurdles point to the urgent need to address underlying disease mechanisms with innovative applications. New treatment strategies involve non-coding RNA pathways with microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), Wnt signaling, and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) that are dependent upon programmed cell death pathways, cellular metabolic pathways with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nicotinamide, and growth factor applications. Non-coding RNAs, Wnt signaling, and AMPK are cornerstone mechanisms for overseeing complex metabolic pathways that offer innovative treatment avenues for metabolic disease and DM but will necessitate continued appreciation of the ability of each of these cellular mechanisms to independently and in unison influence clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA
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