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Chen W, Liu M, Li Z, Luo Z, Wu J. Phloretin alleviates sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment by reducing inflammation through PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Neurol 2024; 382:114949. [PMID: 39284540 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Sleep loss leads to significant pathophysiological consequences, including cognitive impairment. The neuroinflammation are pivotal factors in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment induced by sleep loss. The phloretin (PHL), derived from peel of juicy fruits, has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the precise influence of PHL on the cognitive impairment triggered by sleep loss and its underlying mechanism remain uncertain. In the present study, mice were subjected to sleep deprivation (SD) paradigm. Cognitive impairment induced by SD were significantly relieved by administration of PHL in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PHL not only mitigated the synaptic losses but also enhanced dendritic spine density and neuronal activity within mice hippocampus following exposure to SD. Moreover, PHL treatment decreased the microglial numbers and altered microglial morphology in the hippocampus to restore the M1/M2 balances; these effects were accompanied by regulation of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine production and secretion in SD-exposed mice. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro studies showed PHL might attenuate the inflammation through the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. Our findings suggest that PHL exerts inhibitory effects on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, thereby providing protection against cognitive impairment induced by SD through a PPAR-γ dependent mechanism. The results indicate PHL is expected to provide a valuable candidate for new drug development for SD-induced cognitive impairment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou 514031, China; Meizhou Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Meizhou 514000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou 514000, China.
| | - Mei Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Afffliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziming Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhoucai Luo
- National Canine Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Guangzhou General Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510240, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- Research Experimental Center, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou 514031, China; Meizhou Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Meizhou 514000, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou 514000, China.
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Moreira JF, Solá S. Dynamics of Neurogenic Signals as Biological Switchers of Brain Plasticity. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10788-2. [PMID: 39259446 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of adult neurogenesis in the middle of the past century is considered one of the most important breakthroughs in neuroscience. Despite its controversial nature, this discovery shaped our concept of neural plasticity, revolutionizing the way we look at our brains. In fact, after the discovery of adult neurogenesis, we started to consider the brain as something even more dynamic and highly adaptable. In neurogenic niches, adult neurogenesis is supported by neural stem cells (NSCs). These cells possess a unique set of characteristics such as being quiescent for long periods while actively sensing and reacting to their surroundings to influence a multitude of processes, including the generation of new neurons and glial cells. Therefore, NSCs can be viewed as sentinels to our brain's homeostasis, being able to replace damaged cells and simultaneously secrete numerous factors that restore regular brain function. In addition, it is becoming increasingly evident that NSCs play a central role in memory formation and consolidation. In this review, we will dissect how NSCs influence their surroundings through paracrine and autocrine types of action. We will also depict the mechanism of action of each factor. Finally, we will describe how NSCs integrate different and often opposing signals to guide their fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- João F Moreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Rodríguez-Zapata M, López-Rodríguez R, Ramos-Álvarez MDP, Herradón G, Pérez-García C, Gramage E. Pleiotrophin modulates acute and long-term LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses and hippocampal neurogenesis. Toxicology 2024; 509:153947. [PMID: 39255863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most vulnerable regions affected in disorders characterized by overt neuroinflammation such as neurodegenerative diseases. Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a neurotrophic factor that modulates acute neuroinflammation in different contexts. PTN is found highly upregulated in the brain in different chronic disorders characterized by neuroinflammation, suggesting an important role in the modulation of sustained neuroinflammation. To test this hypothesis, we studied the acute and long-term effects of a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg) administration in Ptn+/+ and Ptn-/- mice, and in mice with Ptn-overexpression (Ptn-Tg). Endogenous PTN levels proportionally modulate LPS-induced increase in TNF-α plasma levels one hour after treatment. In the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, a lower percentage of DCX+ cells were detected in saline-treated Ptn-/- mice compared to Ptn+/+ mice, suggesting a crucial role of PTN in the maintenance of hippocampal neuronal progenitors. The data show that PTN overexpression tends to potentiate acute microglial responses in the DG 16 hours after LPS treatment. Remarkably, a significant increase in the number of neuronal progenitors together with astrogliosis was detected 10 months after a single injection of LPS treatment in wild type mice. However, these LPS-induced long-term effects were prevented in Ptn-/- and Ptn-Tg mice, suggesting that PTN modulates LPS-induced long-term neurogenesis changes and astrocytic response in the hippocampus. The data presented here suggest that endogenous PTN levels are crucial in the regulation of acute LPS-induced systemic and hippocampal microglial responses in young mice. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence of the key role of PTN in the regulation of long-term LPS effects on astrocytic response and neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Zapata
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - Rosario López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Ramos-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - Esther Gramage
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain.
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Ramnauth AD, Tippani M, Divecha HR, Papariello AR, Miller RA, Nelson ED, Pattie EA, Kleinman JE, Maynard KR, Collado-Torres L, Hyde TM, Martinowich K, Hicks SC, Page SC. Spatiotemporal analysis of gene expression in the human dentate gyrus reveals age-associated changes in cellular maturation and neuroinflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.20.567883. [PMID: 38045413 PMCID: PMC10690172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is important for many cognitive functions, including learning, memory, and mood. Here, we investigated age-associated changes in transcriptome-wide spatial gene expression in the human dentate gyrus across the lifespan. Genes associated with neurogenesis and the extracellular matrix were enriched in infants, while gene markers of inhibitory neurons and cell proliferation showed increases and decreases in post-infancy, respectively. While we did not find evidence for neural proliferation post-infancy, we did identify molecular signatures supporting protracted maturation of granule cells. We also identified a wide-spread hippocampal aging signature and an age-associated increase in genes related to neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest major changes to the putative neurogenic niche after infancy and identify molecular foci of brain aging in glial and neuropil enriched tissue.
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Xu L, Tang C. Protocol for lentivirus-mediated delivery of genes to study neurogenesis and cognitive function in adult rodents. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102761. [PMID: 38043060 PMCID: PMC10783590 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis leads to the generation of functional neurons from neural stem cells, whereas impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to the pathophysiology of cognitive symptoms in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we present a protocol for a direct hippocampal injection of lentivirus-delivered gene in adult rodents to study the specific molecular mechanism underlying adult neurogenesis, including lentivirus packaging and stereotaxic injection, EdU and BrdU injections, tissue immunostaining and imaging analysis, and cognitive testing. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of SUN Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China.
| | - Changyong Tang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of SUN Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China.
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