1
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Kortsen K, Reynolds-Green M, Hopkins B, McLellan A, Derry MJ, Topham PD, Titman JJ, Keddie DJ, Taresco V, Howdle SM. Synthesis of core-shell polymer particles in supercritical carbon dioxide via iterative monomer addition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14536-14539. [PMID: 37986574 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04969h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A new, robust methodology for the synthesis of polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA) core-shell particles using seeded dispersion polymerisation in supercritical carbon dioxide is reported, where the core-shell ratio can be controlled predictably via manipulation of reagent stoichiometry. The key development is the application of an iterative addition of the MMA shell monomer to the pre-prepared PS core. Analysis of the materials with differing core-shell ratios indicates that all are isolated as single particle populations with distinct and controllable core-shell morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Kortsen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Morgan Reynolds-Green
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Bradley Hopkins
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alison McLellan
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Paul D Topham
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Jeremy J Titman
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Daniel J Keddie
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Steven M Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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2
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López‐Domínguez P, Ríos‐López M, Rivera‐Peláez JE, Barragán‐Aroche JF, Vivaldo‐Lima E. Modelling of polymerization kinetics and molar mass development in the nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (
NMP
) of styrene in supercritical carbon dioxide using the
PC‐SAFT
equation of state. CAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio López‐Domínguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México 04510 Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140 Saltillo 25294 Mexico
| | - Marlene Ríos‐López
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México 04510 Mexico
| | - Jesús Eduardo Rivera‐Peláez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México 04510 Mexico
| | - José Fernando Barragán‐Aroche
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México 04510 Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México 04510 Mexico
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3
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Kortsen K, Fowler HR, Jacob PL, Krumins E, Lentz JC, Souhil MR, Taresco V, Howdle SM. Exploiting the tuneable density of scCO2 to improve particle size control for dispersion polymerisations in the presence of poly(dimethyl siloxane) stabilisers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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De Keer L, Edeleva M, Figueira FL, Reyes P, D'hooge DR, Van Steenberge PH. Procedures and Guidelines for Inputting and Output Smoothening of Kinetic Monte Carlo Distributions. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lies De Keer
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Freddy L. Figueira
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Pablo Reyes
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for Textile Science and Engineering Technologiepark 70a Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Paul H.M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
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5
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De Keer L, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, D’hooge DR. Going Beyond the Carothers, Flory and Stockmayer Equation by Including Cyclization Reactions and Mobility Constraints. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152410. [PMID: 34372013 PMCID: PMC8348631 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge in the field of polymer network synthesis by a step-growth mechanism is the quantification of the relative importance of inter- vs. intramolecular reactions. Here we use a matrix-based kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) framework to demonstrate that the variation of the chain length distribution and its averages (e.g., number average chain length xn), are largely affected by intramolecular reactions, as mostly ignored in theoretical studies. We showcase that a conventional approach based on equations derived by Carothers, Flory and Stockmayer, assuming constant reactivities and ignoring intramolecular reactions, is very approximate, and the use of asymptotic limits is biased. Intramolecular reactions stretch the functional group (FG) conversion range and reduce the average chain lengths. In the likely case of restricted mobilities due to diffusional limitations because of a viscosity increase during polymerization, a complex xn profile with possible plateau formation may arise. The joint consideration of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions allows the validation of hypotheses for both the intrinsic and apparent reactivities of inter- and intramolecular reactions. The kMC framework is also utilized for reverse engineering purposes, aiming at the identification of advanced (pseudo-)analytical equations, dimensionless numbers and mechanistic insights. We highlight that assuming average molecules by equally distributing A and B FGs is unsuited, and the number of AB intramolecular combinations is affected by the number of monomer units in the molecules, specifically at high FG conversions. In the absence of mobility constraints, dimensionless numbers can be considered to map the time variation of the fraction of intramolecular reactions, but still, a complex solution results, making a kMC approach overall most elegant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies De Keer
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.K.); (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.-F.R.)
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.K.); (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.-F.R.)
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.K.); (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.-F.R.)
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.K.); (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.-F.R.)
- Centre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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6
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On-line polymerisation monitoring in scCO2: a reliable and inexpensive sampling method in high pressure applications. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Pacheco AAC, da Silva Filho AF, Kortsen K, Hanson-Heine MWD, Taresco V, Hirst JD, Lansalot M, D'Agosto F, Howdle SM. Influence of structure and solubility of chain transfer agents on the RAFT control of dispersion polymerisation in scCO 2. Chem Sci 2021; 12:1016-1030. [PMID: 34163868 PMCID: PMC8179044 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05281g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is performed in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) with 2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropionic acid (DDMAT) present as chain transfer agent (CTA) and surprisingly shows good control over PMMA molecular weight. Kinetic studies of the polymerisation in scCO2 also confirm these data. By contrast, only poor control of MMA polymerisation is obtained in toluene solution, as would be expected for this CTA which is better suited for acrylates. In this regard, we select a range of CTAs and use them to determine the parameters that must be considered for good control in dispersion polymerisation in scCO2. A thorough investigation of the nucleation stage during the dispersion polymerisation reveals an unexpected “in situ two-stage” mechanism that strongly determines how the CTA works. Finally, using a novel computational solvation model, we identify a correlation between polymerisation control and degree of solubility of the CTAs. All of this ultimately gives rise to a simple, elegant and counterintuitive guideline to select the best CTA for RAFT dispersion polymerisation in scCO2. RAFT dispersion polymerisation of methyl methacrylate is performed in scCO2 with 2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropionic acid (DDMAT) present as chain transfer agent (CTA) and surprisingly shows good control over PMMA molecular weight.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A. C. Pacheco
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Kristoffer Kortsen
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Vincenzo Taresco
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonathan D. Hirst
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Steven M. Howdle
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England, NG7 2RD, UK
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8
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Asaro L, Gratton M, Poirot N, Seghar S, Aït Hocine N. Devulcanization of natural rubber industry waste in supercritical carbon dioxide combined with diphenyl disulfide. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 118:647-654. [PMID: 33011542 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The elimination of rubber wastes without affecting the environment is one of the most important challenges of the 21st century waste management. Accordingly, the present work is focused on the recycling of natural rubber (NR) industry waste by means of devulcanization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) atmosphere. With that aim, a novel device allowing to perform rubber devulcanization was developed. It consists of a triaxial compression reactor integrated into a dynamic hydraulic universal testing machine with a heating chamber. NR industry waste was devulcanized in the mentioned device at different temperatures, in scCO2 by using diphenyl disulfide (DD) as devulcanizing reagent. The devulcanization degree and quality of the treated materials were evaluated by the swelling test combined with the Horikx theory. It was appeared that a successful devulcanization, with almost no degradation, was obtained, and the devulcanization degree reached maximum value of ~90%. Thermogravimetric tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images strengthened these results. Finally, it was concluded that the developed device is appropriate to perform rubber recycling, which contributes to the progress in the environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Asaro
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), Av. Colón 10850, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Michel Gratton
- INSA CVL, Univ. Tours, Univ. Orléans, LaMé, 3 rue de la Chocolaterie, CS 23410, 41034 Blois Cedex, France.
| | - Nathalie Poirot
- IUT de Blois, 15 rue de la Chocolaterie, C.S. 2903, 41029 Blois, France.
| | - Said Seghar
- PHENIX TECHNOLOGIES, 29 Rue de Champfroid, 28800 Sancheville, France
| | - Nourredine Aït Hocine
- INSA CVL, Univ. Tours, Univ. Orléans, LaMé, 3 rue de la Chocolaterie, CS 23410, 41034 Blois Cedex, France.
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9
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López-Domínguez P, Rivera-Peláez JE, Jaramillo-Soto G, Barragán-Aroche JF, Vivaldo-Lima E. Modeling of RAFT polymerization of MMA in supercritical carbon dioxide using the PC-SAFT equation of state. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00461k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The PC-SAFT equation of state was applied to the study of RAFT polymerization of methyl methacrylate in supercritical CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio López-Domínguez
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Jesús Eduardo Rivera-Peláez
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Gabriel Jaramillo-Soto
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
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10
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Santos T, Rebelatto E, Chaves B, Lanza M, Oliveira J, Albuquerque EC, Vieira de Melo S. High pressure phase equilibrium data for carbon dioxide, methyl methacrylate and poly (dimethylsiloxane) systems. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Gomes CP, Dias RCS, Costa MRPFN. Polymer Reaction Engineering Tools to Tailor Smart and Superabsorbent Hydrogels. POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES: A REFERENCE SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77830-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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López-Domínguez P, Jaramillo-Soto G, Vivaldo-Lima E. A Modeling Study on the RAFT Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201800011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio López-Domínguez
- Facultad de Química; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. 04510 Mexico
| | - Gabriel Jaramillo-Soto
- Facultad de Química; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. 04510 Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima
- Facultad de Química; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México D.F. 04510 Mexico
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13
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López-Domínguez P, Hernández-Ortiz JC, Vivaldo-Lima E. Modeling of RAFT Copolymerization with Crosslinking of Styrene/Divinylbenzene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201700064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio López-Domínguez
- Facultad de Química; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 04510 México D.F. Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima
- Facultad de Química; Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 04510 México D.F. Mexico
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14
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Aguiar LG, Iwakura DC, Semeano ATS, Li RWC, Souza EF, Gruber J, Giudici R. Controlled release of an optically active compound by hydrogels of acrylic acid and its online detection. CAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro G. Aguiar
- Departamento de Engenharia Quı́mica; Escola de Engenharia de Lorena; Universidade de São Paulo; Estrada Municipal do Campinho s/n, CEP 12602-810 Lorena SP Brazil
| | - Daniel C. Iwakura
- Departamento de Engenharia Química; Escola Politécnica; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, trav. 3, No 380 CEP 05508-900 São Paulo SP Brazil
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Ana T. S. Semeano
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Rosamaria W. C. Li
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo SP Brazil
- Centro Universitário Estácio Radial de São Paulo; Campus Vila dos Remédios; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Esmar F. Souza
- Departamento de Engenharia Química; Escola Politécnica; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, trav. 3, No 380 CEP 05508-900 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Jonas Gruber
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Giudici
- Departamento de Engenharia Química; Escola Politécnica; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, trav. 3, No 380 CEP 05508-900 São Paulo SP Brazil
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15
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Oliveira D, Dias RC, Costa MR. Modeling RAFT Gelation and Grafting of Polymer Brushes for the Production of Molecularly Imprinted Functional Particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201600078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Oliveira
- LSRE-Instituto Politécnico de Bragança; Quinta de Santa Apolónia 5300 Bragança Portugal
| | - Rolando C.S. Dias
- LSRE-Instituto Politécnico de Bragança; Quinta de Santa Apolónia 5300 Bragança Portugal
| | - Mário R.P.F.N. Costa
- LSRE-Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto; Rua Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
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16
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De Keer L, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers M, Marin GB, Hungenberg K, Seda L, D'hooge DR. A complete understanding of the reaction kinetics for the industrial production process of expandable polystyrene. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lies De Keer
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Technical Chemistry, Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 914Zwijnaarde (Ghent)B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Technical Chemistry, Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 914Zwijnaarde (Ghent)B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Marie‐Françoise Reyniers
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Technical Chemistry, Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 914Zwijnaarde (Ghent)B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Technical Chemistry, Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 914Zwijnaarde (Ghent)B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Klaus‐Dieter Hungenberg
- Dept. of Polymer Processing and EngineeringBASF SELudwigshafenD‐67056 Germany
- Dept. of Technical Chemistry, Inst. for Polymer Material and Process, University of PaderbornOrtsstrasse 135D‐69488Birkenau Germany
| | - Libor Seda
- Dept. of Polymer Processing and EngineeringBASF SELudwigshafenD‐67056 Germany
| | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Technical Chemistry, Laboratory for Chemical TechnologyGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 914Zwijnaarde (Ghent)B‐9052 Belgium
- Dept. of TextilesGhent UniversityTechnologiepark 907Zwijnaarde (Ghent)B‐9052 Belgium
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17
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Emdadi L, Luciani CV, Lee SY, Baick IH, Choi KY. Experimental and theoretical study of the reaction locus during the dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in a nonpolar hydrocarbon solvent at low temperature. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Li L, Wu L, Bu Z, Gong C, Li BG, Hungenberg KD. Graft Copolymerization of Styrene and Acrylonitrile in the Presence of Poly(propylene glycol): Modeling and Simulation of Semi-Batch and Continuous Processes. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Li L, Wu L, Bu Z, Gong C, Li BG, Hungenberg KD. Graft Copolymerization of Styrene and Acrylonitrile in the Presence of Poly(propylene glycol): Kinetics and Modeling. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Minami H, Tanaka A, Kagawa Y, Okubo M. Preparation of poly(acrylic acid)-b
-polystyrene by two-step atom transfer radical polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Costa LI, Storti G, Morbidelli M, Ferro L, Galia A, Scialdone O, Filardo G. Copolymerization of VDF and HFP in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Robust Approach for Modeling Precipitation and Dispersion Kinetics. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Modeling of precipitation polymerization II: calculation of macroradicals concentrations in the continuous and dispersed phases. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-011-0640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Arosio P, Mosconi M, Storti G, Banaszak B, Hungenberg KD, Morbidelli M. Precipitation Copolymerization of Vinyl-imidazole and Vinyl-pyrrolidone, 2 - Kinetic Model. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cockburn RA, McKenna TFL, Hutchinson RA. A Study of Particle Nucleation in Dispersion Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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LIAO X, YANG R, QI C. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISTIC OF POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) PIGMENT POWDERY COATING FOR PAPER IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE. ACTA POLYM SIN 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2010.09343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ahmed TS, DeSimone JM, Roberts GW. Continuous precipitation polymerization of vinylidene fluoride in supercritical carbon dioxide: A model for understanding the molecular-weight distribution. Chem Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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D'hooge DR, Reyniers MF, Marin GB. Methodology for Kinetic Modeling of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.200800051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wieme J, D'hooge DR, Reyniers MF, Marin GB. Importance of Radical Transfer in Precipitation Polymerization: The Case of Vinyl Chloride Suspension Polymerization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.200800028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ahmed TS, DeSimone JM, Roberts GW. Kinetics of the Homopolymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride and Its Copolymerization with Hexafluoropropylene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: The Locus of Polymerization. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801911j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer S. Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box # 7905, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Box # 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box # 7905, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Box # 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - George W. Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Box # 7905, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, and Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Box # 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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Nitroxide-mediated precipitation polymerization of styrene in supercritical carbon dioxide: Effects of monomer loading and nitroxide partitioning on control. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang Z, Yang YJ, Dong QZ, Hu CP. Free radical polymerizations of some vinyl monomers in carbon dioxide fluid. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Costa LI, Kasëmi E, Storti G, Morbidelli M, Walde P, Schlüter AD. Dendronized Polymers via Macromonomer Route in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Görnert M, Sadowski G. Phase-equilibrium measurement and modeling of the PMMA/MMA/carbon dioxide ternary system. J Supercrit Fluids 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koeken AC, de Bakker SJ, Costerus HM, van den Broeke LJ, Deelman BJ, Keurentjes JT. Evaluation of pressure and correlation to reaction rates during homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Görnert M, Sadowski G. Phase-Equilibrium Measurements of the Polystyrene/Styrene/Carbon Dioxide Ternary System at Elevated Pressures Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200751328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mueller PA, Storti G, Morbidelli M, Mantelis CA, Meyer T. Dispersion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Control of Molecular Weight Distribution by Adjusting Particle Surface Area. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200751326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Achilias DS. A Review of Modeling of Diffusion Controlled Polymerization Reactions. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.200700003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yang Y, Dong Q, Wang Z, Shen C, Huang Z, Zhu H, Liu T, Hu CP. Dispersion copolymerization of acrylonitrile-vinyl acetate in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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