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Sean McGivern W, Nguyen HGT, Manion JA. Improved Apparatus for Dynamic Column Breakthrough Measurements Relevant to Direct Air Capture of CO 2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04050. [PMID: 38496765 PMCID: PMC10941306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic column breakthrough (DCB) measurements are valuable for characterizing the adsorption of gaseous species by solid sorbents and are typically used for high concentrations of adsorptives, often at elevated temperatures and pressures. However, adsorbents for the direct capture of carbon dioxide from natural air demand measurement capability at low partial pressures of CO2 at atmospherically relevant temperatures and pressures. We have developed a new apparatus focused on the measurement of DCB curves under typical tropospheric conditions. The new apparatus is described in detail and validated with breakthrough curve measurements. Adsorption capacities are reported at (233.1 to 323.1) K and (351 to 1078) hPa for low carbon dioxide concentrations on 13X zeolite samples on the order of a few hundred milligrams. Measurement uncertainties related to timing, flow, temperature, and concentrations are analyzed and the present results at 273 K, 298 K, and 323 K are compared with static measurements obtained with a manometric adsorption analyzer. In addition, experiments at a typical atmospheric CO2 concentration of 400 μL · L-1 have been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sean McGivern
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Huong Giang T Nguyen
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Jeffrey A Manion
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
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2
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Evans HA, Mullangi D, Deng Z, Wang Y, Peh SB, Wei F, Wang J, Brown CM, Zhao D, Canepa P, Cheetham AK. Aluminum formate, Al(HCOO) 3: An earth-abundant, scalable, and highly selective material for CO 2 capture. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade1473. [PMID: 36322645 PMCID: PMC10942769 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A combination of gas adsorption and gas breakthrough measurements show that the metal-organic framework, Al(HCOO)3 (ALF), which can be made inexpensively from commodity chemicals, exhibits excellent CO2 adsorption capacities and outstanding CO2/N2 selectivity that enable it to remove CO2 from dried CO2-containing gas streams at elevated temperatures (323 kelvin). Notably, ALF is scalable, readily pelletized, stable to SO2 and NO, and simple to regenerate. Density functional theory calculations and in situ neutron diffraction studies reveal that the preferential adsorption of CO2 is a size-selective separation that depends on the subtle difference between the kinetic diameters of CO2 and N2. The findings are supported by additional measurements, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and variable temperature powder and single-crystal x-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden A. Evans
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Dinesh Mullangi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Zeyu Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Shing Bo Peh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Fengxia Wei
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Craig M. Brown
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Pieremanuele Canepa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Anthony K. Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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3
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Wilkins NS, Sawada JA, Rajendran A. Quantitative Microscale Dynamic Column Breakthrough Apparatus for Measurement of Unary and Binary Adsorption Equilibria on Milligram Quantities of Adsorbents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Stiles Wilkins
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Donadeo Innovation Centre of Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - James A. Sawada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Donadeo Innovation Centre of Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Arvind Rajendran
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Donadeo Innovation Centre of Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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4
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Kumar N, Mukherjee S, Harvey-Reid NC, Bezrukov AA, Tan K, Martins V, Vandichel M, Pham T, van Wyk LM, Oyekan K, Kumar A, Forrest KA, Patil KM, Barbour LJ, Space B, Huang Y, Kruger PE, Zaworotko MJ. Breaking the trade-off between selectivity and adsorption capacity for gas separation. Chem 2021; 7:3085-3098. [PMID: 34825106 PMCID: PMC8600127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The trade-off between selectivity and adsorption capacity with porous materials is a major roadblock to reducing the energy footprint of gas separation technologies. To address this matter, we report herein a systematic crystal engineering study of C2H2 removal from CO2 in a family of hybrid ultramicroporous materials (HUMs). The HUMs are composed of the same organic linker ligand, 4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine, pypz, three inorganic pillar ligands, and two metal cations, thereby affording six isostructural pcu topology HUMs. All six HUMs exhibited strong binding sites for C2H2 and weaker affinity for CO2. The tuning of pore size and chemistry enabled by crystal engineering resulted in benchmark C2H2/CO2 separation performance. Fixed-bed dynamic column breakthrough experiments for an equimolar (v/v = 1:1) C2H2/CO2 binary gas mixture revealed that one sorbent, SIFSIX-21-Ni, was the first C2H2 selective sorbent that combines exceptional separation selectivity (27.7) with high adsorption capacity (4 mmol·g−1). Six isostructural hybrid ultramicroporous materials are prepared and characterized Crystal engineering approach enabled fine-tuning of pore size and chemistry Weak CO2/strong C2H2 affinity resulted in high C2H2/CO2 separation selectivities SIFSIX-21-Ni: benchmark selectivity/uptake capacity for C2H2/CO2 separation
It is generally recognized that porous solids (sorbents) with high selectivity and high adsorption capacity offer potential for energy-efficient gas separations. Unfortunately, there is generally a trade-off between capacity and selectivity, which represents a roadblock to the utility of sorbents in key industrial processes. For example, acetylene (C2H2), an important fuel and chemical intermediate, is produced with CO2 as an impurity, and the similar physicochemical properties of C2H2 and CO2 mean that most sorbents are poorly selective. Hybrid ultramicroporous materials (HUMs) are candidates for gas separations as they exhibit benchmark selectivity for several key gas pairs. Unfortunately, existing HUMs are handicapped by low capacity. We report a new HUM, SIFSIX-21-Ni, that addresses the trade-off between selectivity and capacity that has plagued sorbents, as its high uptake and high selectivity renders it the new benchmark for C2H2/CO2 separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Nathan C Harvey-Reid
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Andrey A Bezrukov
- Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kui Tan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Vinicius Martins
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Matthias Vandichel
- Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Tony Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, FL 33620-5250, USA
| | - Lisa M van Wyk
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Kolade Oyekan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Amrit Kumar
- Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Katherine A Forrest
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, FL 33620-5250, USA
| | - Komal M Patil
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Leonard J Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Brian Space
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, FL 33620-5250, USA
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul E Kruger
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Zaworotko
- Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
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Ackley C, Tank SE, Haynes KM, Rezanezhad F, McCarter C, Quinton WL. Coupled hydrological and geochemical impacts of wildfire in peatland-dominated regions of discontinuous permafrost. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146841. [PMID: 33848861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Naturally-ignited wildfires are increasing in frequency and severity in northern regions, contributing to rapid permafrost thaw-induced landscape change driven by climate warming. Low-severity wildfires typically result in minor organic matter loss. The impacts of such fires on the hydrological and geochemical dynamics of peat plateau-wetland complexes have not been examined. In 2014, a low-severity wildfire, with minimal ground surface damage, burned approximately one-half of a 5 ha permafrost plateau in the wetland-dominated landscape of the Scotty Creek watershed, Northwest Territories, Canada, in the discontinuous permafrost zone. In March 2016, hydrometeorological and permafrost conditions on the burned and unaffected plateaus were monitored including snowpack characteristics and surface energy dynamics. Pore water samples were collected from the saturated layer as thaw progressed throughout the growing season on the burned and unaffected plateaus. Repeated probing of the frost table depth was coupled with laboratory analyses of peat physical and hydraulic characteristics performed on peat cores collected from the top 20 cm of the ground surface in the burned and unaffected plots. The higher transmissivity of the burned forest canopy accelerated snowmelt promoting earlier onset of the thawing season and increased the ground heat flux to melt ground ice. Wildfire increased the thickness of the supra-permafrost layer, including the active layer and talik, resulting in a more uniform subsurface with limited depressional storage capacity and reduced preferential runoff flowpaths across the burned plateau. The incorporation of ash and char into the peat matrix reduced pore diameters, promoting greater subsurface soil moisture retention and longer pore water residence times ultimately providing greater opportunity for soil-water interaction and biogeochemical reactions. Consequently, pore water showed elevated dissolved solutes, dissolved organic matter and mercury concentrations in the burned site. Low-severity wildfires have the potential to trigger a series of complex, inter-related hydrological, thermal and biogeochemical processes and feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Ackley
- Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne E Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kristine M Haynes
- Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Fereidoun Rezanezhad
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Colin McCarter
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William L Quinton
- Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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6
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Du R, Zhang Z. A revised definition of dynamic adsorption coefficient for characterizing activated carbon instead of retention bed. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124994. [PMID: 33450515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) retention beds are widely used in nuclear facilities, removing radioactive contaminants from exhaust air. Dynamic adsorption coefficient (DAC) is the core parameter to quantify the performance. Its definition has not been unified and it is affected by the geometry of the retention bed, the presence, the flow rate, and the concentration of adsorbate. So, DAC is currently a parameter characterizing the adsorption performance of the retention bed instead of the AC. In this regard, the definition of DAC should be revised, stripping away the influence of other factors. In this study, a 1D model for the AC column, a 2D model for blank piping, and a mathematical model for retention factor is developed. All are validated with simulations and experiments based on the "pulse dynamic method". They are used to analyze the factors affecting DAC quantitatively in detail, including the direct effect of blank piping, the indirect effect of blank piping by affecting the pulse height into the column, and the effect of krypton concentration distribution in the column. Finally, an improved definition of DAC characterizing AC instead of retention bed is given. This definition can be used as a reference for scholars who formulate relevant standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Du
- Environmental Technology Division, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- Environmental Technology Division, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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7
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Adsorption for efficient low carbon hydrogen production: part 2—Cyclic experiments and model predictions. ADSORPTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-021-00308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hydrogen as clean energy carrier is expected to play a key role in future low-carbon energy systems. In this paper, we demonstrate a new technology for coupling fossil-fuel based hydrogen production with carbon capture and storage (CCS): the integration of CO2 capture and H2 purification in a single vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) cycle. An eight step VPSA cycle is tested in a two-column lab-pilot for a ternary CO2–H2–CH4 stream representative of shifted steam methane reformer (SMR) syngas, while using commercial zeolite 13X as adsorbent. The cycle can co-purify CO2 and H2, thus reaching H2 purities up to 99.96%, CO2 purities up to 98.9%, CO2 recoveries up to 94.3% and H2 recoveries up to 81%. The key decision variables for adjusting the separation performance to reach the required targets are the heavy purge (HP) duration, the feed duration, the evacuation pressure and the flow rate of the light purge (LP). In contrast to that, the separation performance is rather insensitive towards small changes in feed composition and in HP inlet composition. Comparing the experimental results with simulation results shows that the model for describing multi-component adsorption is critical in determining the predictive capabilities of the column model. Here, the real adsorbed solution theory (RAST) is necessary to describe all experiments well, whereas neither extended isotherms nor the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) can reproduce all effects observed experimentally.
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8
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Understanding CO2 adsorption in a flexible zeolite through a combination of structural, kinetic and modelling techniques. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Breakthrough dynamics of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon on silver exchanged titanosilicates (Ag-ETS-10). ADSORPTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-020-00293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractIn this study we present a new methodology for correcting experimental Zero Length Column data, to account for contributions to the measured signal arising from extra-column volumes and the detector. The methodology considers the experimental setup as a series of mixing volumes with diffusive pockets whose contributions to the overall measured signal can be accurately described by simple model functions. The composite effect of the individual contributions is subsequently described through the method of convolution. It is shown that the model parameters are closely related to the physical characteristics of the setup components and as such they remain valid over a range of process conditions. The methodology is firstly validated through fitting to experimental experiments without adsorbent present. The inverse procedure of deconvolution can in turn be applied to experimental data with adsorbent, to yield corrected data which can readily be modelled using standard tools for equilibrium and kinetic analysis. A number of case studies is finally presented exemplifying the effect of applying accurate blank corrections, demonstrating also the application to a nonlinear adsorption system.
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11
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Wilkins NS, Rajendran A, Farooq S. Dynamic column breakthrough experiments for measurement of adsorption equilibrium and kinetics. ADSORPTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-020-00269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Mukherjee S, Zaworotko MJ. Crystal Engineering of Hybrid Coordination Networks: From Form to Function. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Goyal P, Purdue MJ, Farooq S. Adsorption and Diffusion of N 2 and CO 2 and Their Mixture on Silica Gel. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Goyal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research in Energy Efficiency in Singapore (CARES), 1 CREATE Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Mark J. Purdue
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research in Energy Efficiency in Singapore (CARES), 1 CREATE Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Shamsuzzaman Farooq
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research in Energy Efficiency in Singapore (CARES), 1 CREATE Way, 138602, Singapore
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Estupiñan Perez L, Sarkar P, Rajendran A. Experimental validation of multi-objective optimization techniques for design of vacuum swing adsorption processes. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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McCarter CPR, Rezanezhad F, Gharedaghloo B, Price JS, Van Cappellen P. [Not Available]. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2019; 225:103497. [PMID: 31102982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dual-porosity structure of peat and the extremely high organic matter content give rise to a complex medium that typically generates prolonged tailing and early 50% concentration breakthrough in the breakthrough curves (BTCs) of chloride (Cl-) and other anions. Untangling whether these observations are due to rate-limited (physical) diffusion into inactive pores, (chemical) adsorption or anion exclusion remains a critical question in peat hydrogeochemistry. This study aimed to elucidate whether Cl- is truly conservative in peat, as usually assumed, and whether the prolonged tailing and early 50% concentration breakthrough of Cl- observed is due to diffusion, adsorption, anion exclusion or a combination of all three. The mobile-immobile (MiM) dual-porosity model was fit to BTCs of Cl- and deuterated water measured on undisturbed cores of the same peat soils, and equilibrium Cl- adsorption batch experiments were conducted. Adsorption of Cl- to undecomposed and decomposed peat samples in batch experiments followed Freundlich isotherms but did not exhibit any trends with the degree of peat decomposition and sorption became negligible below aqueous Cl- concentrations of ~310 mg L-1. The dispersivity determined by fitting the Cl- BTCs whether assuming adsorption or no adsorption were significantly different than determined by the deuterated water (p < .0001). However, no statistical differences in dispersivity (p = .27) or immobile water content (p = .97) was observed between deuterated water and Cl- when accounting for anion exclusion. A higher degree of decomposition significantly increased anion exclusion (p < .0001) but did not influence the diffusion of either tracer into the immobile porosity. Contrary to previous assumptions, Cl- is not truly conservative in peat due to anion exclusion, and adsorption at higher aqueous concentrations, but the overall effect of anion exclusion on transport is likely minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P R McCarter
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - F Rezanezhad
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - B Gharedaghloo
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J S Price
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - P Van Cappellen
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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16
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Li M, Vogt SJ, May EF, Johns ML. In Situ CH4–CO2 Dispersion Measurements in Rock Cores. Transp Porous Media 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-019-01278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Measurement of competitive CO2 and N2 adsorption on Zeolite 13X for post-combustion CO2 capture. ADSORPTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-018-00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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McCarter CPR, Weber TKD, Price JS. Competitive transport processes of chloride, sodium, potassium, and ammonium in fen peat. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2018; 217:17-31. [PMID: 30201556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is sparse information on reactive solute transport in peat; yet, with increasing development of peatland dominated landscapes, purposeful and accidental contaminant releases will occur, so it is important to assess their mobility. Previous experiments with peat have only evaluated single-component solutions, such that no information exists on solute transport of potentially competitively adsorbing ions to the peat matrix. Additionally, recent studies suggest chloride (Cl-) might not be conservative in peat, as assumed by many past peat solute transport studies. Based on measured and modelled adsorption isotherms, this study illustrates concentration dependent adsorption of Cl- to peat occurred in equilibrium adsorption batch (EAB) experiments, which could be described with a Sips isotherm. However, Cl- adsorption was insignificant for low concentrations (<500 mg L-1) as used in breakthrough curve experiments (BTC). We found that competitive adsorption of Na+, K+, and NH4+ transport could be observed in EAB and BTC, depending on the dissolved ion species present. Na+ followed a Langmuir isotherm, K+ a linear isotherm within the tested concentration range (~10 - 1500 mg L-1), while the results for NH4+ are inconclusive due to potential microbial degradation. Only Na+ showed clear evidence of competitive behaviour, with an order of magnitude decrease in maximum adsorption capacity in the presence of NH4+ (0.22 to 0.02 mol kg-1), which was confirmed by the BTC data where the Na+ retardation coefficient differed between the experiments with different cations. Thus, solute mobility in peatlands is affected by competitive adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P R McCarter
- Dep. of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Tobias K D Weber
- Institute for Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Biogeophysics, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, DE-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jonathan S Price
- Dep. of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Taylor MK, Runčevski T, Oktawiec J, Bachman JE, Siegelman RL, Jiang H, Mason JA, Tarver JD, Long JR. Near-Perfect CO 2/CH 4 Selectivity Achieved through Reversible Guest Templating in the Flexible Metal-Organic Framework Co(bdp). J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10324-10331. [PMID: 30032596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks are among the most promising materials for industrial gas separations, including the removal of carbon dioxide from natural gas, although substantial improvements in adsorption selectivity are still sought. Herein, we use equilibrium adsorption experiments to demonstrate that the flexible metal-organic framework Co(bdp) (bdp2- = 1,4-benzenedipyrazolate) exhibits a large CO2 adsorption capacity and approaches complete exclusion of CH4 under 50:50 mixtures of the two gases, leading to outstanding CO2/CH4 selectivity under these conditions. In situ powder X-ray diffraction data indicate that this selectivity arises from reversible guest templating, in which the framework expands to form a CO2 clathrate and then collapses to the nontemplated phase upon desorption. Under an atmosphere dominated by CH4, Co(bdp) adsorbs minor amounts of CH4 along with CO2, highlighting the importance of studying all relevant pressure and composition ranges via multicomponent measurements when examining mixed-gas selectivity in structurally flexible materials. Altogether, these results show that Co(bdp) may be a promising CO2/CH4 separation material and provide insights for the further study of flexible adsorbents for gas separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes K Taylor
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Tomče Runčevski
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jonathan E Bachman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Rebecca L Siegelman
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Henry Jiang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jarad A Mason
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jacob D Tarver
- NIST Center for Neutron Research , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States.,National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Möller A, Eschrich R, Reichenbach C, Guderian J, Lange M, Möllmer J. Dynamic and equilibrium-based investigations of CO2-removal from CH4-rich gas mixtures on microporous adsorbents. ADSORPTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-016-9821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Hosseinzadeh Hejazi SA, Rajendran A, Sawada JA, Kuznicki SM. Dynamic Column Breakthrough and Process Studies of High-Purity Oxygen Production Using Silver-Exchanged Titanosilicates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Alireza Hosseinzadeh Hejazi
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 12th Floor, Donadeo Innovation Centre
for Engineering (ICE), 9211-116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Arvind Rajendran
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 12th Floor, Donadeo Innovation Centre
for Engineering (ICE), 9211-116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
| | - James A. Sawada
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 12th Floor, Donadeo Innovation Centre
for Engineering (ICE), 9211-116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Steven M. Kuznicki
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 12th Floor, Donadeo Innovation Centre
for Engineering (ICE), 9211-116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
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22
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Mason JA, McDonald TM, Bae TH, Bachman JE, Sumida K, Dutton JJ, Kaye SS, Long JR. Application of a high-throughput analyzer in evaluating solid adsorbents for post-combustion carbon capture via multicomponent adsorption of CO2, N2, and H2O. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4787-803. [PMID: 25844924 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the large number of metal-organic frameworks that have been studied in the context of post-combustion carbon capture, adsorption equilibria of gas mixtures including CO2, N2, and H2O, which are the three biggest components of the flue gas emanating from a coal- or natural gas-fired power plant, have never been reported. Here, we disclose the design and validation of a high-throughput multicomponent adsorption instrument that can measure equilibrium adsorption isotherms for mixtures of gases at conditions that are representative of an actual flue gas from a power plant. This instrument is used to study 15 different metal-organic frameworks, zeolites, mesoporous silicas, and activated carbons representative of the broad range of solid adsorbents that have received attention for CO2 capture. While the multicomponent results presented in this work provide many interesting fundamental insights, only adsorbents functionalized with alkylamines are shown to have any significant CO2 capacity in the presence of N2 and H2O at equilibrium partial pressures similar to those expected in a carbon capture process. Most significantly, the amine-appended metal organic framework mmen-Mg2(dobpdc) (mmen = N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, dobpdc (4-) = 4,4'-dioxido-3,3'-biphenyldicarboxylate) exhibits a record CO2 capacity of 4.2 ± 0.2 mmol/g (16 wt %) at 0.1 bar and 40 °C in the presence of a high partial pressure of H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarad A Mason
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas M McDonald
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tae-Hyun Bae
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan E Bachman
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kenji Sumida
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin J Dutton
- ‡Wildcat Discovery Technologies Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Steven S Kaye
- ‡Wildcat Discovery Technologies Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Honari A, Vogt SJ, May EF, Johns ML. Gas–Gas Dispersion Coefficient Measurements Using Low-Field MRI. Transp Porous Media 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-014-0388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Remy T, Gobechiya E, Danaci D, Peter SA, Xiao P, Van Tendeloo L, Couck S, Shang J, Kirschhock CEA, Singh RK, Martens JA, Baron GV, Webley PA, Denayer JFM. Biogas upgrading through kinetic separation of carbon dioxide and methane over Rb- and Cs-ZK-5 zeolites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic separation of CO2from CH4over rubidium or cesium-exchanged ZK-5 (KFI) zeolites for upgrade of biogas to renewable fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Remy
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E. Gobechiya
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D. Danaci
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- , Australia
| | - S. A. Peter
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P. Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- , Australia
| | - L. Van Tendeloo
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Couck
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. Shang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- , Australia
| | | | - R. K. Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- , Australia
| | - J. A. Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. V. Baron
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P. A. Webley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- , Australia
| | - J. F. M. Denayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Rufford TE, Watson GCY, Saleman TL, Hofman PS, Jensen NK, May EF. Adsorption Equilibria and Kinetics of Methane + Nitrogen Mixtures on the Activated Carbon Norit RB3. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401831u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Rufford
- Centre for Energy, School of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Guillaume C. Y. Watson
- Centre for Energy, School of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas L. Saleman
- Centre for Energy, School of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Paul S. Hofman
- Centre for Energy, School of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Nathan K. Jensen
- Centre for Energy, School of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Eric F. May
- Centre for Energy, School of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Saleman TLH, Watson GCY, Rufford TE, Hofman PS, Chan KI, May EF. Capacity and kinetic measurements of methane and nitrogen adsorption on H+-mordenite at 243–303 K and pressures to 900 kPa using a dynamic column breakthrough apparatus. ADSORPTION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-013-9546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Najafi Nobar S, Farooq S. Experimental and modeling study of adsorption and diffusion of gases in Cu-BTC. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Joss L, Mazzotti M. Modeling the extra-column volume in a small column setup for bulk gas adsorption. ADSORPTION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-012-9417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Hofman PS, Rufford TE, Chan KI, May EF. A dynamic column breakthrough apparatus for adsorption capacity measurements with quantitative uncertainties. ADSORPTION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-012-9398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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