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Kozłowski M, Igwegbe CA, Tarczyńska A, Białowiec A. Revealing the Adverse Impact of Additive Carbon Material on Microorganisms and Its Implications for Biogas Yields: A Critical Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7250. [PMID: 38067995 PMCID: PMC10707503 DOI: 10.3390/ma16237250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Biochar could be a brilliant additive supporting the anaerobic fermentation process. However, it should be taken into account that in some cases it could also be harmful to microorganisms responsible for biogas production. The negative impact of carbon materials could be a result of an overdose of biochar, high biochar pH, increased arsenic mobility in the methane fermentation solution caused by the carbon material, and low porosity of some carbon materials for microorganisms. Moreover, when biochar is affected by an anaerobic digest solution, it could reduce the biodiversity of microorganisms. The purpose of the article is not to reject the idea of biochar additives to increase the efficiency of biogas production, but to draw attention to the properties and ways of adding these materials that could reduce biogas production. These findings have practical relevance for organizations seeking to implement such systems in industrial or local-scale biogas plants and provide valuable insights for future research. Needless to say, this study will also support the implementation of biogas technologies and waste management in implementing the idea of a circular economy, further emphasizing the significance of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kozłowski
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); or (C.A.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); or (C.A.I.); (A.T.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka 420218, Nigeria
| | - Agata Tarczyńska
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); or (C.A.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); or (C.A.I.); (A.T.)
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2
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Lao Z, Shao Y, Gao X. Multiscale CFD Modeling of High-Temperature Biomass Pyrolysis with an Intraparticle Particle Model and Detailed Pyrolysis Kinetics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Lao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou515063, China
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa3200003, Israel
| | - Yuanchuan Shao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou515063, China
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa3200003, Israel
| | - Xi Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou515063, China
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou515063, China
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3
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Zhalehrajabi E, Lau KK, Hagemeier T, Idris A. Evaluation of hydrodynamic behavior of urea granules in a pseudo-2D fluidized bed using drag models and comparison with PIV technique. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Multi-Scale Modeling of Plastic Waste Gasification: Opportunities and Challenges. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124215. [PMID: 35744275 PMCID: PMC9228121 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Among the different thermo-chemical recycling routes for plastic waste valorization, gasification is one of the most promising, converting plastic waste into syngas (H2+CO) and energy in the presence of an oxygen-rich gas. Plastic waste gasification is associated with many different complexities due to the multi-scale nature of the process, the feedstock complexity (mixed polyolefins with different contaminations), intricate reaction mechanisms, plastic properties (melting behavior and molecular weight distribution), and complex transport phenomena in a multi-phase flow system. Hence, creating a reliable model calls for an extensive understanding of the phenomena at all scales, and more advanced modeling approaches than those applied today are required. Indeed, modeling of plastic waste gasification (PWG) is still in its infancy today. Our review paper shows that the thermophysical properties are rarely properly defined. Challenges in this regard together with possible methodologies to decently define these properties have been elaborated. The complexities regarding the kinetic modeling of gasification are numerous, compared to, e.g., plastic waste pyrolysis, or coal and biomass gasification, which are elaborated in this work along with the possible solutions to overcome them. Moreover, transport limitations and phase transformations, which affect the apparent kinetics of the process, are not usually considered, while it is demonstrated in this review that they are crucial in the robust prediction of the outcome. Hence, possible approaches in implementing available models to consider these limitations are suggested. Finally, the reactor-scale phenomena of PWG, which are more intricate than the similar processes-due to the presence of molten plastic-are usually simplified to the gas-solid systems, which can result in unreliable modeling frameworks. In this regard, an opportunity lies in the increased computational power that helps improve the model's precision and allows us to include those complexities within the multi-scale PWG modeling. Using the more accurate modeling methodologies in combination with multi-scale modeling approaches will, in a decade, allow us to perform a rigorous optimization of the PWG process, improve existing and develop new gasifiers, and avoid fouling issues caused by tar.
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5
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Qiu Y, Xu Q, Pang S, Ma X. CFD
modelling of biomass catalytic fast pyrolysis in bubbling fluidized reactor: effects of catalyst parameters on process performance. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Qiu
- Department of invention examination, HVAC engineering office Patent Examination Cooperation (Henan) Center of the Patent Office Zhengzhou China
| | - Qixiang Xu
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Shusheng Pang
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering Canterbury University Christchurch New Zealand
- Henan Centre for Outstanding Overseas Scientists Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiaoyuechuan Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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7
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Masmoudi A, Hammami M, Baccar M. Numerical Simulation of Thermal and Mass Behaviors During Pyrolysis Homogeneous Reaction Within a Screw Reactor. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Li P, Wang N, Xu R, Chang J, Si H. Numerical study on pneumatic feeding characteristics of cold-flow fluidized bed reactor for biomass pyrolysis. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Wang X, Funke A, Cheng Y, Song F, Yin S, Liang S, Zuo X, Gao J, Müller‐Buschbaum P, Xia Y. Continuous fast pyrolysis synthesis of TiO
2
/C nanohybrid lithium‐ion battery anode. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Axel Funke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research & Technology Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Ya‐Jun Cheng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province P. R. China
- Department of Materials University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Fang Song
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Physik‐Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Technische Universität München Garching Germany
| | - Suzhe Liang
- Physik‐Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Technische Universität München Garching Germany
| | - Xiuxia Zuo
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Peter Müller‐Buschbaum
- Physik‐Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Technische Universität München Garching Germany
- Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Technische Universität München Garching Germany
| | - Yonggao Xia
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang Province P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
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10
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Gao X, Yu J, Lu L, Rogers WA. Coupling particle scale model and
SuperDEM‐CFD
for multiscale simulation of biomass pyrolysis in a packed bed pyrolyzer. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gao
- National Energy Technology Laboratory Morgantown West Virginia USA
- Leidos Research Support Team Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Jia Yu
- National Energy Technology Laboratory Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Liqiang Lu
- National Energy Technology Laboratory Morgantown West Virginia USA
- Leidos Research Support Team Morgantown West Virginia USA
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11
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Abstract
Biomass gasification is nowadays considered a viable option for clean energy production. Furthermore, still more efforts need to be spent to make this technology fully available at commercial scale. Drawbacks that greatly limit the full-time plant availability—and so its economically feasibility—mainly concerns syngas purification by contaminants such as tars. Different technological approaches were investigated over last two decades with the aim to increase both the plant availability and the overall efficiency by keeping, at the same time, CAPEX and OPEX low. Among technologies, fluidized beds are surely the most promising architectures for power production at thermal scale above 1 MWth. Gasifier can be surely considered the key component of the whole power plant and its proper design, the main engineering effort. This process involves different engineering aspects: thermo-structural, heat, and mass transfer, and chemical and fluid-dynamic concerns being the most important. In this study, with the aim to reach an optimal reaction chamber design, the hydrodynamics of a bubbling fluidized bed reactor was investigated by using a CFD approach. A Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase model, supported by experimental data, was implemented to describe the interactions between the solid and fluid phases inside the reactor while a discrete dense phase model (DDPM) model was considered to investigate momentum exchange among continuous phases and solid particles simulating char. Different process parameters, such as the bed recirculation rate and the particles circulation time inside the bed, were at least analyzed to characterize the hydrodynamics of the reactor. Results indicate that the recirculation time of bed material is in the order of 6–7 s at bench scale and, respectively, of 15–20 s at full scale. Information about solid particles inside the bed that should be used to avoid elutriation and agglomeration phenomenon, suggest that the dimension of the mother fuel particles should not exceed the value of 5–10 mm.
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Dash S, Mohanty S, Mishra B. CFD modelling and simulation of an industrial scale continuous fluidized bed roaster. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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14
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Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Gas–Solid Hydrodynamics in a Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Reactor: Effects of Air Distributor, Viscous and Drag Models. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we employed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based model with a Eulerian multiphase approach to simulate the fluidization hydrodynamics in biomass gasification processes. Air was used as the gasifying/fluidizing agent and entered the gasifier at the bottom which subsequently fluidized the solid particles inside the reactor column. The momentum exchange related to the gas-phase was simulated by considering various viscous models (i.e., laminar and turbulence models of the re-normalisation group (RNG), k-ε and k-ω). The pressure drop gradient obtained by employing each viscous model was plotted for different superficial velocities and compared with the experimental data for validation. The turbulent model of RNG k-Ɛ was found to best represent the actual process. We also studied the effect of air distributor plates with different pore diameters (2, 3 and 5 mm) on the momentum of the fluidizing fluid. The plate with 3-mm pores showed larger turbulent viscosities above the surface. The effects of drag models (Syamlal–O’Brien, Gidaspow and energy minimum multi-scale method (EMMS) on the bed’s pressure drop as well as on the volume fractions of the solid particles were investigated. The Syamlal–O’Brien model was found to forecast bed pressure drops most consistently, with the pressure drops recorded throughout the experimental process. The formation of bubbles and their motion along the gasifier height in the presence of the turbulent flow was seen to follow a different pattern from with the laminar flow.
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16
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Zhang Y, Yi W, Fu P, Li Z, Wang N, Tian C. Numerical simulation and experiment on catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors in V-shaped downer reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:207-214. [PMID: 30508747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors is an effective utilization technology of biomass energy. Based on the disadvantages of commonly used reactors, the V-shaped downer reactors were designed to increase gas-solid two-phase turbulent intensity, contact frequency and then increase the catalytic efficiency in short residence time. The catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapors in V-shaped downer reactors in terms of hydrodynamics, chemical reaction and residence time distribution were analyzed by CFD simulation and experiment. The results indicate that the solid concentration gradient decreases while flowing down. The overall mass fraction of the bio-oil vapors is around 50%. The mean residence time of catalysts in the V-shaped reactor is 2.0 s-3.0 s. The effects on product yield and residence time distribution were investigated for optimizing product selectivity and the performance of catalysts. In this paper the optimal flow rates of gas and catalysts are vg = 1.2 m s-1, vs = 0.4 m s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
| | - Weiming Yi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Fu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihe Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Nana Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Tian
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
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17
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18
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Eri Q, Wang B, Peng J, Zhao X, Li T. Detailed CFD modelling of fast pyrolysis of different biomass types in fluidized bed reactors. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qitai Eri
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing China
| | - Baolu Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing China
| | - Jing Peng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing China
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing China
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19
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Zhang X, Qian W, Zhang H, Sun Q, Ying W. Effect of the operation parameters on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in fluidized bed reactors. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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CFD and infrared thermography of particle curtains undergoing convection heat transfer: Image analysis and edge prediction. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Gerber S, Oevermann M. A two dimensional Euler-Lagrangian model of wood gasification in a charcoal bed — Particle histories. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Carrier M, Windt M, Ziegler B, Appelt J, Saake B, Meier D, Bridgwater A. Quantitative Insights into the Fast Pyrolysis of Extracted Cellulose, Hemicelluloses, and Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10. [PMID: 28644517 PMCID: PMC5582602 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into bio-based commodity chemicals is technically possible. Among thermochemical processes, fast pyrolysis, a relatively mature technology that has now reached a commercial level, produces a high yield of an organic-rich liquid stream. Despite recent efforts to elucidate the degradation paths of biomass during pyrolysis, the selectivity and recovery rates of bio-compounds remain low. In an attempt to clarify the general degradation scheme of biomass fast pyrolysis and provide a quantitative insight, the use of fast pyrolysis microreactors is combined with spectroscopic techniques (i.e., mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy) and mixtures of unlabeled and 13 C-enriched materials. The first stage of the work aimed to select the type of reactor to use to ensure control of the pyrolysis regime. A comparison of the chemical fragmentation patterns of "primary" fast pyrolysis volatiles detected by using GC-MS between two small-scale microreactors showed the inevitable occurrence of secondary reactions. In the second stage, liquid fractions that are also made of primary fast pyrolysis condensates were analyzed by using quantitative liquid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy to provide a quantitative distribution of functional groups. The compilation of these results into a map that displays the distribution of functional groups according to the individual and main constituents of biomass (i.e., hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin) confirmed the origin of individual chemicals within the fast pyrolysis liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Carrier
- European Bioenergy Research InstituteAston UniversityBirminghamB4 7ETUK
| | - Michael Windt
- Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchBio-based Resources and MaterialsLeuschnerstr. 9121031HamburgGermany
| | - Bernhard Ziegler
- Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchBio-based Resources and MaterialsLeuschnerstr. 9121031HamburgGermany
| | - Jörn Appelt
- Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchBio-based Resources and MaterialsLeuschnerstr. 9121031HamburgGermany
| | - Bodo Saake
- University of HamburgChemical Wood TechnologyLeuschnerstr 9121031HamburgGermany
| | - Dietrich Meier
- Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchBio-based Resources and MaterialsLeuschnerstr. 9121031HamburgGermany
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23
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Numerical study of hydrodynamics with surface heat transfer in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor applied to fast pyrolysis of rice husk. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Ranganathan P, Gu S. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of biomass fast pyrolysis in fluidised bed reactors, focusing different kinetic schemes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 213:333-341. [PMID: 26927234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work concerns with CFD modelling of biomass fast pyrolysis in a fluidised bed reactor. Initially, a study was conducted to understand the hydrodynamics of the fluidised bed reactor by investigating the particle density and size, and gas velocity effect. With the basic understanding of hydrodynamics, the study was further extended to investigate the different kinetic schemes for biomass fast pyrolysis process. The Eulerian-Eulerian approach was used to model the complex multiphase flows in the reactor. The yield of the products from the simulation was compared with the experimental data. A good comparison was obtained between the literature results and CFD simulation. It is also found that CFD prediction with the advanced kinetic scheme is better when compared to other schemes. With the confidence obtained from the CFD models, a parametric study was carried out to study the effect of biomass particle type and size and temperature on the yield of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panneerselvam Ranganathan
- Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, India.
| | - Sai Gu
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
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25
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Zinani F, Philippsen CG, Indrusiak MLS. Numerical study of gas–solid drag models in a bubbling fluidized bed. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2016.1192570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Zinani
- Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C. G. Philippsen
- Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M. L. S. Indrusiak
- Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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26
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Zhong W, Yu A, Zhou G, Xie J, Zhang H. CFD simulation of dense particulate reaction system: Approaches, recent advances and applications. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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A numerical study on biomass fast pyrolysis process: A comparison between full lumped modeling and hybrid modeling combined with CFD. Comput Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Zhang P, Duan JH, Chen GH, Wang WW. Effect of bed characters on the direct synthesis of dimethyldichlorosilane in fluidized bed reactor. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8827. [PMID: 25742729 PMCID: PMC4649753 DOI: 10.1038/srep08827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the numerical investigation of the effects of the general bed characteristics such as superficial gas velocities, bed temperature, bed heights and particle size, on the direct synthesis in a 3D fluidized bed reactor. A 3D model for the gas flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer was coupled to the direct synthesis reaction mechanism verified in the literature. The model was verified by comparing the simulated reaction rate and dimethyldichlorosilane (M2) selectivity with the experimental data in the open literature and real production data. Computed results indicate that superficial gas velocities, bed temperature, bed heights, and particle size have vital effect on the reaction rates and/or M2 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Ji H Duan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Guang H Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wei W Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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29
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Jang J, Arastoopour H. CFD simulation of a pharmaceutical bubbling bed drying process at three different scales. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Mellin P, Kantarelis E, Zhou C, Yang W. Simulation of Bed Dynamics and Primary Products from Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: Steam Compared to Nitrogen as a Fluidizing Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501996v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelle Mellin
- KTH Royal
Institute of Technology,
Division of Energy and Furnace Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Efthymios Kantarelis
- KTH Royal
Institute of Technology,
Division of Energy and Furnace Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chunguang Zhou
- KTH Royal
Institute of Technology,
Division of Energy and Furnace Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weihong Yang
- KTH Royal
Institute of Technology,
Division of Energy and Furnace Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Carrier M, Joubert JE, Danje S, Hugo T, Görgens J, Knoetze JH. Impact of the lignocellulosic material on fast pyrolysis yields and product quality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 150:129-138. [PMID: 24161551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes the fast pyrolysis conversion of lignocellulosic materials inside a bubbling fluidized bed. The impact of biopolymers distribution in the biomass feed, namely hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin, on the yields and properties of pyrolytic bio-oils and chars was investigated. Although it is not possible to deconvoluate chemical phenomena from transfer phenomena using bubbling fluidized bed reactors, the key role of hemicelluloses in biomass feedstocks was illustrated by: (i) its influence on the production of pyrolytic water, (ii) its impact on the production of organics, apparently due to its bonding relationship with the lignin and (iii) its ability to inhibit the development of chars porosity, while the cellulose appeared to be the precursor for the microporous character of the biochars. These results are of interest for the selection of suitable feedstocks aimed at producing bio-oil and char as fuels and soil amendment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Carrier
- Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Schneiderbauer S, Puttinger S, Pirker S. Comparative analysis of subgrid drag modifications for dense gas-particle flows in bubbling fluidized beds. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Armstrong LM, Gu S, Luo KH, Mahanta P. Multifluid Modeling of the Desulfurization Process within a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Coal Gasifier. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sai Gu
- School of Engineering; Cranfield University; Cranfield; Bedfordshire; MK43 0AL; U.K
| | | | - Pinakeswar Mahanta
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Pin 781039; India
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A comprehensive frictional-kinetic model for gas–particle flows: Analysis of fluidized and moving bed regimes. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xie J, Zhong W, Jin B, Shao Y, Liu H. Simulation on gasification of forestry residues in fluidized beds by Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 121:36-46. [PMID: 22858466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive three-dimensional numerical model is developed to simulate forestry residues gasification in a fluidized bed reactor using Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The complex granular flow behaviors and chemical reaction characteristics are addressed simultaneously. The model uses an Eulerian method for fluid phase and a discrete particle method for solid phase, which takes particle contact force into account. Heterogeneous and homogenous reaction rates are solved on the Eulerian grid. The numerical model is employed to study the gasification performance in a lab-scale pine gasifier. A series of simulations have been performed with some critical parameters including temperature, equivalence ratio and steam to biomass ratio. The model predicts product gas composition and carbon conversion efficiency in good agreement with experimental data. The formation and development of flow regimes, profiles of particle species, and distributions of gas compositions inside the reactor are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Bruchmüller J, van Wachem BGM, Gu S, Luo KH, Brown RC. Modeling the thermochemical degradation of biomass inside a fast pyrolysis fluidized bed reactor. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Computation of the mass transfer coefficient of FCC particles in a thin bubbling fluidized bed using two- and three-dimensional CFD simulations. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Armstrong LM, Gu S, Luo KH. Parametric Study of Gasification Processes in a BFB Coal Gasifier. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie1023029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Armstrong
- Energy Technology Research Group, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - S. Gu
- Energy Technology Research Group, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, No.111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - K. H. Luo
- Energy Technology Research Group, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Feng W, Ji P, Chen B, Zheng D. Analysis of Methanol Production from Biomass Gasification. Chem Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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