1
|
Takayama T, Maki H. Independent Concentration Manipulation Using Sidewall-Driven Micromixer. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:869. [PMID: 39064379 PMCID: PMC11278770 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip technology has been developed to streamline biochemical experiments by providing experimental environments in microscopic areas. Due to the difficulty of mixing chemicals in such small channels, various micromixers have been created. Our proposed sidewall-driven micromixer offers easy fabrication and precise control over mixing concentrations. In our previous study, we successfully generated concentration gradients by simultaneously mixing multiple chambers using a single actuator. However, it is not possible to mix different chemicals in each chamber. In this study, we developed a sidewall-driven micromixer that enables independent mixing in each chamber by installing one actuator per chamber. Experimental results showed that different conditions were achieved in each chamber using both microbead-mixture water and colored water. Thus, this mixer can be used to manipulate concentrations regardless of whether the mixing targets are particles or fluids.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wong YC, Yang S, Wen W. Prednisolone Nanoprecipitation with Dean Instability Microfluidics Mixer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:652. [PMID: 38668146 PMCID: PMC11054107 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Dean flow and Dean instability play an important role in inertial microfluidics, with a wide application in mixing and sorting. However, most studies are limited to Dean flow in the microscale. This work first reports the application of Dean instability on organic nanoparticles synthesis at De up to 198. The channel geometry (the tortuous channel) is optimized by simulation, in which the mixing efficiency is considered. With the optimized design, prednisolone nanoparticles are synthesized, and the size of the most abundant prednisolone nanoparticles is down to 100 nm with an increase in the Re and De and smallest size down to 46 nm. This work serves as an ice-breaker to the real application of Dean instability by demonstrating its ability in mixing and nanomaterials like nanoparticle synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ching Wong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.C.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Siyu Yang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.C.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Weijia Wen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.C.W.); (S.Y.)
- Thrust of Advanced Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510630, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Steijlen ASM, Parrilla M, Van Echelpoel R, De Wael K. Dual Microfluidic Sensor System for Enriched Electrochemical Profiling and Identification of Illicit Drugs On-Site. Anal Chem 2024; 96:590-598. [PMID: 38154077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have emerged as a new analytical tool for illicit drug detection to facilitate ultrafast and accurate identification of suspicious compounds on-site. Drugs of abuse can be identified using their unique voltammetric fingerprint at a given pH. Today, the right buffer solution is manually selected based on drug appearance, and in some cases, a consecutive analysis in two different pH solutions is required. In this work, we present a disposable microfluidic multichannel sensor system that automatically records fingerprints in two pH solutions (e.g., pH 5 and pH 12). This system has two advantages. It will overcome the manual selection of a buffer solution at the right pH, decrease analysis time, and minimize the risk of human errors. Second, the combination of two fingerprints, the superfingerprint, contains more detailed information about the samples, which enhances the selectivity of the analytical technique. First, real-time pH measurements proved that the sample can be brought to the desired pH within a minute. Subsequently, an electrochemical study on the microfluidic platform with 1 mM illicit drug standards of MDMA, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine showed that the characteristic voltammetric fingerprints and peak potentials are reproducible, also in the presence of common cutting agents. Finally, the microfluidic concept was validated with real confiscated samples, showing promising results for the user-friendly identification of drugs of abuse. In short, this paper presents a successful proof-of-concept study of a multichannel microfluidic sensor system to enrich the fingerprints of illicit drugs at pH 5 and pH 12, thus providing a low-cost, portable, and rapid identification system of illicit drugs with minimal user intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarijn S M Steijlen
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Parrilla
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robin Van Echelpoel
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nordin AN, Abd Manaf A. Design and fabrication technologies for microfluidic sensors. MICROFLUIDIC BIOSENSORS 2023:41-85. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823846-2.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
5
|
Wang J, Cui B, Liu H, Chen X, Li Y, Wang R, Lang T, Yang H, Pan H, Quan J, Chen Y, Xu J, Liu Y. Tesla Valve-Based Flexible Microhybrid Chip with Unidirectional Flow Properties. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31744-31755. [PMID: 36120004 PMCID: PMC9475615 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible microfluidic chips have good application prospects in situations with easy bending and complex curvature. An important factor affecting the flexible microfluidic chip is its structural complexity. For example, the hybrid chip includes flow channels, mixing chambers, and one-way valves. How to achieve the same function with as few structures as possible has become an important research topic at present. In this paper, a Tesla valve micromixer with unidirectional flow characteristics is presented. A passive laminar flow Tesla valve micromixer is fabricated through 3D printing technology and limonene dissolution method. The main process is as follows: First of all, high impact polystyrene (HIPS) material was employed to make the Tesla valve channel mold. Second, the channel mold was dissolved in the limonene solvent. The mold of Tesla micromixer is made of HIPS material, the mixing experiment displace that the Tesla valve micromixer is characterized by unidirectional flow compared with the common T-shaped planar channel. At the same time, the 5-AAC Tesla valve micromixer can increase the mixing efficiency to 87%. By using four different groove structures and different flow rates of the mixing effect experiment, the conclusion is that the mixing efficiency of the 6-AAC Tesla valve micromixer is up to 0.89 when the flow rate is 2 mL/min. The results manifest that the Tesla valve structure can effectively improve the mixing efficiency.
Collapse
|
6
|
Natsuhara D, Saito R, Okamoto S, Nagai M, Shibata T. Mixing Performance of a Planar Asymmetric Contraction-and-Expansion Micromixer. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1386. [PMID: 36144009 PMCID: PMC9504961 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Micromixers are one of the critical components in microfluidic devices. They significantly affect the efficiency and sensitivity of microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip systems. This study introduces an efficient micromixer with a simple geometrical feature that enables easy incorporation in a microchannel network without compromising the original design of microfluidic devices. The study proposes a newly designed planar passive micromixer, termed a planar asymmetric contraction-and-expansion (P-ACE) micromixer, with asymmetric vertical obstacle structures. Numerical simulation and experimental investigation revealed that the optimally designed P-ACE micromixer exhibited a high mixing efficiency of 80% or more within a microchannel length of 10 mm over a wide range of Reynolds numbers (0.13 ≤ Re ≤ 13), eventually attaining approximately 90% mixing efficiency within a 20 mm microchannel length. The highly asymmetric geometric features of the P-ACE micromixers enhance mixing because of their synergistic effects. The flow velocities and directions of the two fluids change differently while alternately crossing the longitudinal centerline of the microchannel, with the obstacle structures asymmetrically arranged on both sidewalls of the rectangular microchannel. This flow behavior increases the interfacial contact area between the two fluids, thus promoting effective mixing in the P-ACE micromixer. Further, the pressure drops in the P-ACE micromixers were experimentally investigated and compared with those in a serpentine micromixer with a perfectly symmetric mixing unit.
Collapse
|
7
|
Numerical and experimental analysis of effective passive mixing via a 3D serpentine channel. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
8
|
Ren J, Wu M, Dong K, Zhang M, Cheng Y, Shi G. Highly efficient synthesis and application of aryl diazonium salts via femtosecond laser-tailored 3D flow microfluidic chips. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Improvement in mixing efficiency of microfluidic passive mixers functionalized by microstructures created with proton beam lithography. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
10
|
Effect of Thermal Energy and Ultrasonication on Mixing Efficiency in Passive Micromixers. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Micromixing is a key process in microfluidics technology. However, rapid and efficient fluid mixing is difficult to achieve inside the microchannels due to unfavourable laminar flow. Active micromixers employing ultrasound and thermal energy are effective in enhancing the micromixing process; however, integration of these energy sources within the devices is a non-trivial task. In this study, ultrasound and thermal energy have been extraneously applied at the upstream of the micromixer to significantly reduce fabrication complexity. A novel Dean micromixer was laser-fabricated to passively increase mixing performance and compared with T- and Y-micromixers at Reynolds numbers between 5 to 100. The micromixers had a relatively higher mixing index at lower Reynolds number, attributed to higher residence time. Dean micromixer exhibits higher mixing performance (about 27% better) than T- and Y-micromixers for 40 ≤ Re ≤ 100. Influence of ultrasound and heat on mixing is more significant at 5 ≤ Re ≤ 20 due to the prolonged mechanical effects. It can be observed that mixing index increases by about 6% to 10% once the temperature of the sonicated fluids increases from 30 °C to 60 °C. The proposed method is potentially useful as direct contact of the inductive energy sources may cause unwanted substrate damage and structural deformation especially for applications in biological analysis and chemical synthesis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mehta SK, Pati S, Mondal PK. Numerical study of the vortex-induced electroosmotic mixing of non-Newtonian biofluids in a nonuniformly charged wavy microchannel: Effect of finite ion size. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2498-2510. [PMID: 33527431 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We propose a micromixer for obtaining better efficiency of vortex induced electroosmotic mixing of non-Newtonian bio-fluids at a relatively higher flow rate, which finds relevance in many biomedical and biological applications. To represent the rheology of non-Newtonian fluid, we consider the Carreau model in this study, while the applied electric field drives the constituent components in the micromixer. We show that the spatial variation of the applied field, triggered by the topological change of the bounding surfaces, upon interacting with the non-uniform surface potential gives rise to efficient mixing as realized by the formation of vortices in the proposed micromixer. Also, we show that the phase-lag between surface potential leads to the formation of asymmetric vortices. This behavior offers better mixing performance following the appearance of undulation on the flow pattern. Finally, we establish that the assumption of a point charge in the paradigm of electroosmotic mixing, which is not realistic as well, under-predicts the mixing efficiency at higher amplitude of the non-uniform zeta potential. The inferences of the present analysis may guide as a design tool for micromixer where rheological properties of the fluid and flow actuation parameters can be simultaneously tuned to obtain phenomenal enhancement in mixing efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Mehta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, 788010, India
| | - Sukumar Pati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, 788010, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mondal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martínez-López JI, Betancourt Cervantes HA, Cuevas Iturbe LD, Vázquez E, Naula EA, Martínez López A, Siller HR, Mendoza-Buenrostro C, Rodríguez CA. Characterization of Soft Tooling Photopolymers and Processes for Micromixing Devices with Variable Cross-Section. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E970. [PMID: 33138263 PMCID: PMC7692576 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we characterized an assortment of photopolymers and stereolithography processes to produce 3D-printed molds and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) castings of micromixing devices. Once materials and processes were screened, the validation of the soft tooling approach in microfluidic devices was carried out through a case study. An asymmetric split-and-recombine device with different cross-sections was manufactured and tested under different regime conditions (10 < Re < 70). Mixing performances between 3% and 96% were obtained depending on the flow regime and the pitch-to-depth ratio. The study shows that 3D-printed soft tooling can provide other benefits such as multiple cross-sections and other potential layouts on a single mold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Israel Martínez-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.A.B.C.); (L.D.C.I.); (E.V.); (E.A.N.); (C.M.-B.)
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital (MADiT), Apodaca, Nuevo Leon 66629, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Numericalc, 5 de mayo Oriente 912, Monterrey 64000, Mexico;
| | - Héctor Andrés Betancourt Cervantes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.A.B.C.); (L.D.C.I.); (E.V.); (E.A.N.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Luis Donaldo Cuevas Iturbe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.A.B.C.); (L.D.C.I.); (E.V.); (E.A.N.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Elisa Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.A.B.C.); (L.D.C.I.); (E.V.); (E.A.N.); (C.M.-B.)
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital (MADiT), Apodaca, Nuevo Leon 66629, Mexico
| | - Edisson A. Naula
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.A.B.C.); (L.D.C.I.); (E.V.); (E.A.N.); (C.M.-B.)
| | | | - Héctor R. Siller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 N. Elm. St., Denton, TX 76207, USA;
| | - Christian Mendoza-Buenrostro
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.A.B.C.); (L.D.C.I.); (E.V.); (E.A.N.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Ciro A. Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.A.B.C.); (L.D.C.I.); (E.V.); (E.A.N.); (C.M.-B.)
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital (MADiT), Apodaca, Nuevo Leon 66629, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Parametric study of the Crossing elongation effect on the mixing performances using short Two-Layer Crossing Channels Micromixer (TLCCM) geometry. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
14
|
Raza W, Hossain S, Kim KY. A Review of Passive Micromixers with a Comparative Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050455. [PMID: 32349452 PMCID: PMC7281436 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of existing passive micromixers are reviewed, and quantitative analyses of ten typical passive micromixers were performed to compare their mixing indices, pressure drops, and mixing costs under the same axial length and flow conditions across a wide Reynolds number range of 0.01–120. The tested micromixers were selected from five types of micromixer designs. The analyses of flow and mixing were performed using continuity, Navier-Stokes and convection-diffusion equations. The results of the comparative analysis were presented for three different Reynolds number ranges: low-Re (Re ≤ 1), intermediate-Re (1 < Re ≤ 40), and high-Re (Re > 40) ranges, where the mixing mechanisms are different. The results show a two-dimensional micromixer of Tesla structure is recommended in the intermediate- and high-Re ranges, while two three-dimensional micromixers with two layers are recommended in the low-Re range due to their excellent mixing performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwang-Yong Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-872-3096; Fax: +82-32-868-1716
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mahmud F, Tamrin KF. Method for determining mixing index in microfluidics by RGB color model. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahizan Mahmud
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Kota Samarahan Malaysia
| | - Khairul Fikri Tamrin
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Kota Samarahan Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qi J, Li W, Chu W, Yu J, Wu M, Liang Y, Yin D, Wang P, Wang Z, Wang M, Cheng Y. A Microfluidic Mixer of High Throughput Fabricated in Glass Using Femtosecond Laser Micromachining Combined with Glass Bonding. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E213. [PMID: 32093086 PMCID: PMC7074671 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a microfluidic mixer of high mixing efficiency in fused silica substrate using femtosecond laser-induced wet etching and hydroxide-catalysis bonding method. The micromixer has a three-dimensional geometry, enabling efficient mixing based on Baker's transformation principle. The cross-sectional area of the fabricated micromixer was 0.5 × 0.5 mm2, enabling significantly promotion of the throughput of the micromixer. The performance of the fabricated micromixers was evaluated by mixing up blue and yellow ink solutions with a flow rate as high as 6 mL/min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qi
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (J.Q.); (W.L.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (P.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (J.Q.); (W.L.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (P.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Chu
- XXL-The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Jianping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (J.Q.); (W.L.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (P.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Miao Wu
- XXL-The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Youting Liang
- XXL-The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Difeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (J.Q.); (W.L.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (P.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (J.Q.); (W.L.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (P.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- XXL-The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Min Wang
- XXL-The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Ya Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (J.Q.); (W.L.); (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (P.W.)
- XXL-The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (M.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rampalli S, Dundi TM, Chandrasekhar S, Raju VRK, Chandramohan VP. Numerical Evaluation of Liquid Mixing in a Serpentine Square Convergent-divergent Passive Micromixer. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS MODELING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2019-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicromixers are crucial components to carry out chemical, biomedical and bio-chemical analyses on µTAS (micro total analysis system) or Lab-on-chips. Simple planar type passive mixers are always most desirable over three dimensional or complex geometries of passive mixers or active mixers as they are less expensive, easy to fabricate, and easy to integrate into complex miniaturized systems. However, at very low Reynolds numbers (0 to 100), due to the inherent laminar nature of the microfluidic flows, mixing remains challenging in passive mixers. Previous studies reported that serpentine square-wave micromixer is one of the simple and effective passive device for micromixing. In the present study, to further enhance the mixing efficiency of the device, horizontal straight portions of serpentine square wave mixer are replaced with convergent-divergent passages and the mixing performance of both mixers are evaluated in the Re range of 0 to 100. It is observed in the low Re (0 to 10), mixing in the square wave mixer with convergent-divergent portions (SQW-CD mixer) is governed completely by pure diffusion as in the case of square wave mixer with straight horizontal portions (SQW mixer). However, at high Re (Re > 10), the presence of convergent-divergent portions in the SQW-CD mixer considerably intensify the stretching and folding of samples in the mixing channel. Additionally, the extra recess available at the bends of SQW-CD mixer creates recirculation zones in the mixer. Therefore, a significant improvement in the mixing performance is achieved at high Re (Re > 10) for SQW-CD mixer as compared to conventional SQW mixer. This would allow shorter mixing lengths for SQW-CD mixer as compared to Sq wave mixer. However, with increase in Re, the rise in pressure drop is considerably high for SQW-CD mixer as compared to SQW mixer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasidhar Rampalli
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - T. Manoj Dundi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - S. Chandrasekhar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - V. R. K. Raju
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - V. P. Chandramohan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Microfluidic Rapid Fabrication of Tunable Polyvinyl Alcohol Microspheres for Adsorption Applications. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223712. [PMID: 31717907 PMCID: PMC6888467 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microspheres have been widely used for targeted drug delivery, embolization, and templates. However, the fast and facile fabrication of PVA microspheres with uniform size and internal structure and good sphericity remains a challenge. In this study, the PVA microspheres with uniformity in the size, shape, and internal structure were rapidly fabricated, using single-emulsion droplet templates by an on-chip approach. First, we designed a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip integrated with three functional units, used for the droplet generation, mixing of reagents, and pre-curing of PVA microspheres, respectively. Then, we precisely controlled the generation of PVA aqueous droplets, mixing of reagents, and the gelation rate for the production of high-quality microspheres by adjusting the pH value, flow rate, and the channel structure. The prepared PVA microspheres are characterized with good sphericity, uniform internal structure, and narrow size distribution. The microspheres have good adsorption capacity and recyclability for small-molecule drugs, as demonstrated by the adsorption and desorption of methylene blue (MB). The adsorption behavior is well described by the pseudo-second-order model, and intraparticle diffusion is as fast as the external film diffusion.
Collapse
|
19
|
Raza W, Kim KY. Unbalanced Split and Recombine Micromixer with Three-Dimensional Steps. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Raza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zare P, Talebi S. Numerical simulation of geometry effect on mixing performance in L-shaped micromixers. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1613228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Zare
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shahram Talebi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A new non-dimensional parameter to obtain the minimum mixing length in tree-like concentration gradient generators. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Javaid MU, Cheema TA, Park CW. Analysis of Passive Mixing in a Serpentine Microchannel with Sinusoidal Side Walls. MICROMACHINES 2017; 9:E8. [PMID: 30393285 PMCID: PMC6187489 DOI: 10.3390/mi9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sample mixing is difficult in microfluidic devices because of laminar flow. Micromixers are designed to ensure the optimal use of miniaturized devices. The present study aims to design a chaotic-advection-based passive micromixer with enhanced mixing efficiency. A serpentine-shaped microchannel with sinusoidal side walls was designed, and three cases, with amplitude to wavelength (A/λ) ratios of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 were investigated. Numerical simulations were conducted using the Navier⁻Stokes equations, to determine the flow field. The flow was then coupled with the convection⁻diffusion equation to obtain the species concentration distribution. The mixing performance of sinusoidal walled channels was compared with that of a simple serpentine channel for Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.1 to 50. Secondary flows were observed at high Reynolds numbers that mixed the fluid streams. These flows were dominant in the proposed sinusoidal walled channels, thereby showing better mixing performance than the simple serpentine channel at similar or less mixing cost. Higher mixing efficiency was obtained by increasing the A/λ ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Javaid
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Taqi Ahmad Cheema
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23460, Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan.
| | - Cheol Woo Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Numerical and experimental investigations of chaotic mixing behavior in an oscillating feedback micromixer. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Cai G, Xue L, Zhang H, Lin J. A Review on Micromixers. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E274. [PMID: 30400464 PMCID: PMC6189760 DOI: 10.3390/mi8090274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have attracted increasing attention in the fields of biomedical diagnostics, food safety control, environmental protection, and animal epidemic prevention. Micromixing has a considerable impact on the efficiency and sensitivity of microfluidic devices. This work reviews recent advances on the passive and active micromixers for the development of various microfluidic chips. Recently reported active micromixers driven by pressure fields, electrical fields, sound fields, magnetic fields, and thermal fields, etc. and passive micromixers, which owned two-dimensional obstacles, unbalanced collisions, spiral and convergence-divergence structures or three-dimensional lamination and spiral structures, were summarized and discussed. The future trends for micromixers to combine with 3D printing and paper channel were brought forth as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhe Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Plasma micro-nanotextured polymeric micromixer for DNA purification with high efficiency and dynamic range. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 942:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Zhang W, Wang X, Feng X, Yang C, Mao ZS. Investigation of Mixing Performance in Passive Micromixers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi Wang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key
Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zai-Sha Mao
- Key
Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hossain S, Kim KY. Parametric investigation on mixing in a micromixer with two-layer crossing channels. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:794. [PMID: 27390635 PMCID: PMC4916123 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a parametric investigation on flow and mixing in a chaotic micromixer consisting of two-layer crossing channels proposed by Xia et al. (Lab Chip 5: 748–755, 2005). The flow and mixing performance were numerically analyzed using commercially available software ANSYS CFX-15.0, which solves the Navier–Stokes and mass conservation equations with a diffusion–convection model in a Reynolds number range from 0.2 to 40. A mixing index based on the variance of the mass fraction of the mixture was employed to evaluate the mixing performance of the micromixer. The flow structure in the channel was also investigated to identify the relationship with mixing performance. The mixing performance and pressure-drop were evaluated with two dimensionless geometric parameters, i.e., ratios of the sub-channel width to the main channel width and the channels depth to the main channel width. The results revealed that the mixing index at the exit of the micromixer increases with increase in the channel depth-to-width ratio, but decreases with increase in the sub-channel width to main channel width ratio. And, it was found that the mixing index could be increased up to 0.90 with variations of the geometric parameters at Re = 0.2, and the pressure drop was very sensitive to the geometric parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakhawat Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Comparative Analysis of Passive Micromixers at a Wide Range of Reynolds Numbers. MICROMACHINES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/mi6081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
29
|
Hossain S, Kim KY. Mixing analysis in a three-dimensional serpentine split-and-recombine micromixer. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
30
|
Mixing Analysis of Passive Micromixer with Unbalanced Three-Split Rhombic Sub-Channels. MICROMACHINES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/mi5040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|