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Gopalakrishnappa C, Li Z, Kuehn S. Environmental modulators of algae-bacteria interactions at scale. Cell Syst 2024; 15:838-853.e13. [PMID: 39236710 PMCID: PMC11412779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between photosynthetic and heterotrophic microbes play a key role in global primary production. Understanding phototroph-heterotroph interactions remains challenging because these microbes reside in chemically complex environments. Here, we leverage a massively parallel droplet microfluidic platform that enables us to interrogate interactions between photosynthetic algae and heterotrophic bacteria in >100,000 communities across ∼525 environmental conditions with varying pH, carbon availability, and phosphorus availability. By developing a statistical framework to dissect interactions in this complex dataset, we reveal that the dependence of algae-bacteria interactions on nutrient availability is strongly modulated by pH and buffering capacity. Furthermore, we show that the chemical identity of the available organic carbon source controls how pH, buffering capacity, and nutrient availability modulate algae-bacteria interactions. Our study reveals the previously underappreciated role of pH in modulating phototroph-heterotroph interactions and provides a framework for thinking about interactions between phototrophs and heterotrophs in more natural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeqian Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for the Physics of Evolving Systems, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Seppe Kuehn
- Center for the Physics of Evolving Systems, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; National Institute for Theory and Mathematics in Biology, Northwestern University and The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Living Systems, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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2
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Carvalho V, Gonçalves IM, Rodrigues N, Sousa P, Pinto V, Minas G, Kaji H, Shin SR, Rodrigues RO, Teixeira SFCF, Lima RA. Numerical evaluation and experimental validation of fluid flow behavior within an organ-on-a-chip model. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 243:107883. [PMID: 37944399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE By combining biomaterials, cell culture, and microfluidic technology, organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms have the ability to reproduce the physiological microenvironment of human organs. For this reason, these advanced microfluidic devices have been used to resemble various diseases and investigate novel treatments. In addition to the experimental assessment, numerical studies of biodevices have been performed aiming at their improvement and optimization. Despite considerable progress in numerical modeling of biodevices, the validation of these computational models through comparison with experimental assays remains a significant gap in the current literature. This step is critical to ensure the accuracy and reliability of numerical models, and consequently enhance confidence in their predictive results. The aim of the present work is to develop a numerical model capable of reproducing the fluid flow behavior within an OoC, for future investigations, encompassing the geometry optimization. METHODS In this study, the validation of a numerical model for an OoC microfluidic device was undertaken. This comprised both quantitative and qualitative assessments of trace microparticles flowing through a physical OoC model. High-speed microscopy images of the flow, using a blood analog fluid, were analyzed and compared with the numerical simulations run using the Ansys Fluent software. For a qualitative analysis, the particles' paths through the inlet and bifurcations were observed whereas, for a quantitative analysis, the particle velocities were measured. Furthermore, oxygen transport was simulated and evaluated for different Reynolds numbers. RESULTS In both qualitative and quantitative analyses, the results predicted by the numerical model and the ones outputted by the experimental model were in good agreement. These findings underscore the capability and potential of the developed numerical model. The examination of oxygen transport at various vertical positions within the organoid has revealed that for lower positions, oxygen transport predominantly occurs through diffusion, leading to a symmetric distribution of oxygen. Contrastingly, the convection phenomenon becomes more evident in the upper region of the organoid. CONCLUSIONS The successful validation of the numerical model against experimental data shows its accuracy and reliability in simulating the fluid flow within the OoC, which consequently can expedite the OoC design process by reducing the need for prototypes' fabrication and costly laboratory experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Carvalho
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; ALGORITMI Center/LASI, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Inês M Gonçalves
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nelson Rodrigues
- ALGORITMI Center/LASI, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paulo Sousa
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vânia Pinto
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Graça Minas
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Raquel O Rodrigues
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Rui A Lima
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; CEFT - Transport Phenomena Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Seo S, Kim T. Gas transport mechanisms through gas-permeable membranes in microfluidics: A perspective. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:061301. [PMID: 38025658 PMCID: PMC10656118 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Gas-permeable membranes (GPMs) and membrane-like micro-/nanostructures offer precise control over the transport of liquids, gases, and small molecules on microchips, which has led to the possibility of diverse applications, such as gas sensors, solution concentrators, and mixture separators. With the escalating demand for GPMs in microfluidics, this Perspective article aims to comprehensively categorize the transport mechanisms of gases through GPMs based on the penetrant type and the transport direction. We also provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in GPM-integrated microfluidic devices, provide an overview of the fundamental mechanisms underlying gas transport through GPMs, and present future perspectives on the integration of GPMs in microfluidics. Furthermore, we address the current challenges associated with GPMs and GPM-integrated microfluidic devices, taking into consideration the intrinsic material properties and capabilities of GPMs. By tackling these challenges head-on, we believe that our perspectives can catalyze innovative advancements and help meet the evolving demands of microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjin Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +82-52-217-2313. Fax: +82-52-217-2409
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Li S, Zhang J, He J, Liu W, Wang Y, Huang Z, Pang H, Chen Y. Functional PDMS Elastomers: Bulk Composites, Surface Engineering, and Precision Fabrication. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304506. [PMID: 37814364 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-the simplest and most common silicone compound-exemplifies the central characteristics of its class and has attracted tremendous research attention. The development of PDMS-based materials is a vivid reflection of the modern industry. In recent years, PDMS has stood out as the material of choice for various emerging technologies. The rapid improvement in bulk modification strategies and multifunctional surfaces has enabled a whole new generation of PDMS-based materials and devices, facilitating, and even transforming enormous applications, including flexible electronics, superwetting surfaces, soft actuators, wearable and implantable sensors, biomedicals, and autonomous robotics. This paper reviews the latest advances in the field of PDMS-based functional materials, with a focus on the added functionality and their use as programmable materials for smart devices. Recent breakthroughs regarding instant crosslinking and additive manufacturing are featured, and exciting opportunities for future research are highlighted. This review provides a quick entrance to this rapidly evolving field and will help guide the rational design of next-generation soft materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jian He
- Yizhi Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, No. 99 Danba Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Center for Composites, COMAC Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhongjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
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Bourguignon N, Karp P, Attallah C, Chamorro DA, Oggero M, Booth R, Ferrero S, Bhansali S, Pérez MS, Lerner B, Helguera G. Large Area Microfluidic Bioreactor for Production of Recombinant Protein. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070526. [PMID: 35884329 PMCID: PMC9313365 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To produce innovative biopharmaceuticals, highly flexible, adaptable, robust, and affordable bioprocess platforms for bioreactors are essential. In this article, we describe the development of a large-area microfluidic bioreactor (LM bioreactor) for mammalian cell culture that works at laminar flow and perfusion conditions. The 184 cm2 32 cisterns LM bioreactor is the largest polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device fabricated by photopolymer flexographic master mold methodology, reaching a final volume of 2.8 mL. The LM bioreactor was connected to a syringe pump system for culture media perfusion, and the cells’ culture was monitored by photomicrograph imaging. CHO-ahIFN-α2b adherent cell line expressing the anti-hIFN-a2b recombinant scFv-Fc monoclonal antibody (mAb) for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus were cultured on the LM bioreactor. Cell culture and mAb production in the LM bioreactor could be sustained for 18 days. Moreover, the anti-hIFN-a2b produced in the LM bioreactor showed higher affinity and neutralizing antiproliferative activity compared to those mAbs produced in the control condition. We demonstrate for the first-time, a large area microfluidic bioreactor for mammalian cell culture that enables a controlled microenvironment suitable for the development of high-quality biologics with potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bourguignon
- Centro IREN, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Haedo B1706EAH, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; (N.B.); (D.A.C.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
| | - Paola Karp
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (P.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Carolina Attallah
- Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), CONICET, Santa Fe S3000ZAA, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina; (C.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Daniel A. Chamorro
- Centro IREN, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Haedo B1706EAH, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; (N.B.); (D.A.C.); (M.S.P.)
| | - Marcos Oggero
- Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), CONICET, Santa Fe S3000ZAA, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina; (C.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Ross Booth
- Roche Sequencing Solutions, Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA;
| | - Sol Ferrero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (P.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
| | - Maximiliano S. Pérez
- Centro IREN, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Haedo B1706EAH, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; (N.B.); (D.A.C.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
| | - Betiana Lerner
- Centro IREN, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Haedo B1706EAH, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; (N.B.); (D.A.C.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA;
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (G.H.); Tel.:+5411-4343-1177 (ext. 1209) (B.L.); +54-11-4783-2869 (G.H.)
| | - Gustavo Helguera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (P.K.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (G.H.); Tel.:+5411-4343-1177 (ext. 1209) (B.L.); +54-11-4783-2869 (G.H.)
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Woo SO, Oh M, Choi Y. Fabricating self-powered microfluidic devices via 3D printing for manipulating fluid flow. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101376. [PMID: 35573475 PMCID: PMC9097499 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in 3D printing technologies allow fabrication of complex structures at micron resolution. Here, we describe two approaches of fabricating self-powered microfluidic devices utilizing 3D printing: PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic devices with a built-in vacuum pocket fabricated by soft lithography using a 3D-printed mold, and non-PDMS microfluidic devices operating by a removable vacuum battery fabricated by 3D-printed materials. These microfluidic devices can be used for controlling blood flow and separating blood plasma. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Woo et al. (2021). Detailed protocol for fabricating self-powered microfluidic devices via 3D print The protocol includes fabrication approaches for both PDMS and non-PDMS materials Diffusion model provides design parameters for controlling the flow kinetics Potential to advance droplet-based, portable, point-of-care device applications
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7
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Carvalho V, Rodrigues RO, Lima RA, Teixeira S. Computational Simulations in Advanced Microfluidic Devices: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101149. [PMID: 34683199 PMCID: PMC8539624 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerical simulations have revolutionized research in several engineering areas by contributing to the understanding and improvement of several processes, being biomedical engineering one of them. Due to their potential, computational tools have gained visibility and have been increasingly used by several research groups as a supporting tool for the development of preclinical platforms as they allow studying, in a more detailed and faster way, phenomena that are difficult to study experimentally due to the complexity of biological processes present in these models—namely, heat transfer, shear stresses, diffusion processes, velocity fields, etc. There are several contributions already in the literature, and significant advances have been made in this field of research. This review provides the most recent progress in numerical studies on advanced microfluidic devices, such as organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices, and how these studies can be helpful in enhancing our insight into the physical processes involved and in developing more effective OoC platforms. In general, it has been noticed that in some cases, the numerical studies performed have limitations that need to be improved, and in the majority of the studies, it is extremely difficult to replicate the data due to the lack of detail around the simulations carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Carvalho
- MEtRICs, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ALGORITMI, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Raquel O. Rodrigues
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Rui A. Lima
- MEtRICs, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
- CEFT, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Senhorinha Teixeira
- ALGORITMI, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
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Tipparaju VV, Mora SJ, Yu J, Tsow F, Xian X. Wearable Transcutaneous CO 2 Monitor Based on Miniaturized Nondispersive Infrared Sensor. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:17327-17334. [PMID: 34744520 PMCID: PMC8570579 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2021.3081696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide provide the status of pulmonary gas exchange and are of importance in diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases. Though significant progress has been made in oximetry, not much has been explored in developing wearable technologies for continuous monitoring of transcutaneous carbon dioxide. This research reports the development of a truly wearable sensor for continuous monitoring of transcutaneous carbon dioxide using miniaturized nondispersive infrared sensor augmented by hydrophobic membrane to address the humidity interference. The wearable transcutaneous CO2 monitor shows well-behaved response curve to humid CO2 with linear response to CO2 concentration. The profile of transcutaneous CO2 monitored by the wearable device correlates well with the end-tidal CO2 trend in human test. The feasibility of the wearable device for passive and unobstructed tracking of transcutaneous CO2 in free-living conditions has also been demonstrated in field test. The wearable transcutaneous CO2 monitoring technology developed in this research can be widely used in remote assessment of pulmonary gas exchange efficiency for patients with respiratory diseases, such as COVID-19, sleep apnea, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Woo SO, Oh M, Nietfeld K, Boehler B, Choi Y. Molecular diffusion analysis of dynamic blood flow and plasma separation driven by self-powered microfluidic devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:034106. [PMID: 34084256 PMCID: PMC8140817 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Integration of microfluidic devices with pressure-driven, self-powered fluid flow propulsion methods has provided a very effective solution for on-chip, droplet blood testing applications. However, precise understanding of the physical process governing fluid dynamics in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic devices remains unclear. Here, we propose a pressure-driven diffusion model using Fick's law and the ideal gas law, the results of which agree well with the experimental fluid dynamics observed in our vacuum pocket-assisted, self-powered microfluidic devices. Notably, this model enables us to precisely tune the flow rate by adjusting two geometrical parameters of the vacuum pocket. By linking the self-powered fluid flow propulsion method to the sedimentation, we also show that direct plasma separation from a drop of whole blood can be achieved using only a simple construction without the need for external power sources, connectors, or a complex operational procedure. Finally, the potential of the vacuum pocket, along with a removable vacuum battery to be integrated with non-PDMS microfluidic devices to drive and control the fluid flow, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Oh Woo
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
| | - Myungkeun Oh
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
| | - Kyle Nietfeld
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
| | - Bailey Boehler
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
| | - Yongki Choi
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Abstract
Spontaneous solute and solvent permeation through membranes is of vital importance to human life, be it gas exchange in red blood cells, metabolite excretion, drug/toxin uptake, or water homeostasis. Knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms is the sine qua non of every functional assignment to membrane transporters. The basis of our current solubility diffusion model was laid by Meyer and Overton. It correlates the solubility of a substance in an organic phase with its membrane permeability. Since then, a wide range of studies challenging this rule have appeared. Commonly, the discrepancies have their origin in ill-used measurement approaches, as we demonstrate on the example of membrane CO2 transport. On the basis of the insight that scanning electrochemical microscopy offered into solute concentration distributions in immediate membrane vicinity of planar membranes, we analyzed the interplay between chemical reactions and diffusion for solvent transport, weak acid permeation, and enzymatic reactions adjacent to membranes. We conclude that buffer reactions must also be considered in spectroscopic investigations of weak acid transport in vesicular suspensions. The evaluation of energetic contributions to membrane translocation of charged species demonstrates the compatibility of the resulting membrane current with the solubility diffusion model. A local partition coefficient that depends on membrane penetration depth governs spontaneous membrane translocation of both charged and uncharged molecules. It is determined not only by the solubility in an organic phase but also by other factors like cholesterol concentration and intrinsic electric membrane potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Hannesschlaeger
- From the Institute of Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Gruberstrasse 40 , 4020 Linz , Austria
| | - Andreas Horner
- From the Institute of Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Gruberstrasse 40 , 4020 Linz , Austria
| | - Peter Pohl
- From the Institute of Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Gruberstrasse 40 , 4020 Linz , Austria
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12
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Kobuszewska A, Tomecka E, Zukowski K, Jastrzebska E, Chudy M, Dybko A, Renaud P, Brzozka Z. Heart-on-a-Chip: An Investigation of the Influence of Static and Perfusion Conditions on Cardiac (H9C2) Cell Proliferation, Morphology, and Alignment. SLAS Technol 2017; 22:536-546. [PMID: 28430559 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317705610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip systems are increasingly used as tools for cultures and investigation of cardiac cells. In this article, we present how the geometry of microsystems and microenvironmental conditions (static and perfusion) influence the proliferation, morphology, and alignment of cardiac cells (rat cardiomyoblasts-H9C2). Additionally, studies of cell growth after incubation with verapamil hydrochloride were performed. For this purpose, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/glass microfluidic systems with three different geometries of microchambers (a circular chamber, a longitudinal channel, and three parallel microchannels separated by two rows of micropillars) were prepared. It was found that static conditions did not enhance the growth of H9C2 cells in the microsystems. On the contrary, perfusion conditions had an influence on division, morphology, and the arrangement of the cells. The highest number of cells, their parallel orientation, and their elongated morphology were obtained in the longitudinal microchannel. It showed that this kind of microsystem can be used to understand processes in heart tissue in detail and to test newly developed compounds applied in the treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kobuszewska
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Tomecka
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Zukowski
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Jastrzebska
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Chudy
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Dybko
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- 2 Microsystems Laboratory (LMIS4), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zbigniew Brzozka
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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Cell culture chamber with gas supply for prolonged recording of human neuronal cells on microelectrode array. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 280:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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