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Eeltink S, De Vos J, Desmet G. Toward Unrivaled Chromatographic Resolving Power in Proteomics: Design and Development of Comprehensive Spatial Three-Dimensional Liquid-Phase Separation Technology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:475-493. [PMID: 38424031 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061522-044510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Spatial comprehensive three-dimensional chromatography (3D-LC) offers an innovative approach to achieve unprecedented resolving power in terms of peak capacity and sample throughput. This advanced technique separates components within a 3D separation space, where orthogonal retention mechanisms are incorporated. The parallel development of the second- and third-dimension stages effectively overcomes the inherent limitation of conventional multidimensional approaches, where sampled fractions are analyzed sequentially. This review focuses on the design aspects of the microchip for spatial 3D-LC and the selection of orthogonal separation modes to enable the analysis of intact proteins. The design considerations for the flow distributor and channel layout are discussed, along with various approaches to confine the flow during the subsequent development stages. Additionally, the integration of stationary phases into the microchip is addressed, and interfacing to mass spectrometry detection is discussed. According to Pareto optimality, the integration of isoelectric focusing, size-exclusion chromatography, and reversed-phase chromatography in a spatial 3D-LC approach is predicted to achieve an exceptional peak capacity of over 30,000 within a 1-h analysis, setting a new benchmark in chromatographic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Eeltink
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jelle De Vos
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
- 2Current affiliation: RIC Group, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
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2
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Flow characteristics and flow rate prediction of pulverized coal through a regulation valve. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Foster SW, Parker D, Kurre S, Boughton J, Stoll DR, Grinias JP. A review of two-dimensional liquid chromatography approaches using parallel column arrays in the second dimension. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1228:340300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abdulhussain N, Nawada S, Schoenmakers P. Latest Trends on the Future of Three-Dimensional Separations in Chromatography. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12016-12034. [PMID: 33878259 PMCID: PMC8517953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Separation and characterization of complex mixtures are of crucial importance in many fields, where extremely high separation power is required. Three-dimensional separation techniques can offer a path toward achieving high peak capacities. In this Review, online three-dimensional separation systems are discussed, including three-dimensional gas chromatography, and hyphenated combinations of two-dimensional gas chromatography with liquid chromatography or supercritical-fluid chromatography. Online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography provides detailed information on complex samples and the need for higher peak capacities is pushing researchers toward online three-dimensional liquid chromatography. In this review, an overview of the various combinations are provided and we discuss and compare their potential performance, advantages, perspectives, and results obtained during the most recent 10-15 years. Finally, the Review will discuss a novel approach of spatial three-dimensional liquid separation to increase peak capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Abdulhussain
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The
Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suhas Nawada
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The
Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schoenmakers
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The
Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Themelis T, Amini A, De Vos J, Eeltink S. Towards spatial comprehensive three-dimensional liquid chromatography: A tutorial review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1148:238157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Davis JJ, Foster SW, Grinias JP. Low-cost and open-source strategies for chemical separations. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461820. [PMID: 33453654 PMCID: PMC7870555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward utilizing open access resources for laboratory research has begun. Open-source design strategies for scientific hardware rely upon the use of widely available parts, especially those that can be directly printed using additive manufacturing techniques and electronic components that can be connected to low-cost microcontrollers. Open-source software eliminates the need for expensive commercial licenses and provides the opportunity to design programs for specific needs. In this review, the impact of the "open-source movement" within the field of chemical separations is described, primarily through a comprehensive look at research in this area over the past five years. Topics that are covered include general laboratory equipment, sample preparation techniques, separations-based analysis, detection strategies, electronic system control, and software for data processing. Remaining hurdles and possible opportunities for further adoption of open-source approaches in the context of these separations-related topics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Samuel W Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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Li K, Hu W, Zhou Y, Dou X, Wang X, Zhang B, Guo G. Single-particle-frit-based packed columns for microchip chromatographic analysis of neurotransmitters. Talanta 2020; 215:120896. [PMID: 32312441 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of effective microchip liquid chromatography (LC) systems tends to be limited by the availability of suitable chromatographic columns. Herein, we developed a glass microchip LC system in which porous single-particle silica was adopted as frits and a freeze-thaw valve was utilized to achieve sample injection without interfering with sampling. The fabrication of single-particle-frit-based packed columns did not require an additional packing channel, thus avoiding dead volumes within the channel interface that can influence chromatographic separation. Further, the length of the packed column could be adjusted using the location of single-particle frits within the column channel. The fabricated frits exhibited high mechanical strength, good permeability, and tolerance for high pressures during chromatographic separation. In particular, the developed microchip LC system was able to withstand high separation pressures of more than 5000 psi. The microchip LC system was applied to the separation of neurotransmitters. Three different monoamine neurotransmitters were completely separated within 5 min with theoretical plate numbers on the order of 100,000 plates m-1. The microchip LC system has a potential for application in a variety of fields including environmental analysis, food safety, drug analysis, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Wangyan Hu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Yingyan Zhou
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Dou
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Guangsheng Guo
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
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Passamonti M, Bremer IL, Nawada SH, Currivan SA, Gargano AFG, Schoenmakers PJ. Confinement of Monolithic Stationary Phases in Targeted Regions of 3D-Printed Titanium Devices Using Thermal Polymerization. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2589-2596. [PMID: 31876153 PMCID: PMC7003155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have prepared thermally initiated polymeric monolithic stationary phases within discrete regions of 3D-printed titanium devices. The devices were created with controllable hot and cold regions. The monolithic stationary phases were first locally created in capillaries inserted into the channels of the titanium devices. The homogeneity of the monolith structure and the interface length were studied by scanning a capacitively coupled conductivity contactless detector (C4D) along the length of the capillary. Homogeneous monolithic structures could be obtained within a titanium device equipped with a hot and cold jacket connected to two water baths. The confinement method was optimized in capillaries. The sharpest interfaces (between monolith and empty channel) were obtained with the hot region maintained at 70 °C and the cold region at 4 or 10 °C, with the latter temperature yielding better repeatability. The optimized conditions were used to create monoliths bound directly to the walls of the titanium channels. The fabricated monoliths were successfully used to separate a mixture of four intact proteins using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Further chromatographic characterization showed a permeability (Kf) of ∼4 × 10-15 m2 and a total porosity of 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Passamonti
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ischa L. Bremer
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suhas H. Nawada
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sinéad A. Currivan
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Research in Engineering Surface Technology, Technological University Dublin, FOCAS Institute, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Andrea F. G. Gargano
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Adamopoulou T, Deridder S, Bos TS, Nawada S, Desmet G, Schoenmakers PJ. Optimizing design and employing permeability differences to achieve flow confinement in devices for spatial multidimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460665. [PMID: 31727357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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