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Zheng X, Paul S, Moghimi L, Wang Y, Vilá RA, Zhang F, Gao X, Deng J, Jiang Y, Xiao X, Wu C, Greenburg LC, Yang Y, Cui Y, Vailionis A, Kuzmenko I, llavsky J, Yin Y, Cui Y, Dresselhaus-Marais L. Correlating chemistry and mass transport in sustainable iron production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305097120. [PMID: 37847734 PMCID: PMC10614607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305097120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Steelmaking contributes 8% to the total CO2 emissions globally, primarily due to coal-based iron ore reduction. Clean hydrogen-based ironmaking has variable performance because the dominant gas-solid reduction mechanism is set by the defects and pores inside the mm- to nm-sized oxide particles that change significantly as the reaction progresses. While these governing dynamics are essential to establish continuous flow of iron and its ores through reactors, the direct link between agglomeration and chemistry is still contested due to missing measurements. In this work, we directly measure the connection between chemistry and agglomeration in the smallest iron oxides relevant to magnetite ores. Using synthesized spherical 10-nm magnetite particles reacting in H2, we resolve the formation and consumption of wüstite (Fe1-xO)-the step most commonly attributed to whiskering. Using X-ray diffraction, we resolve crystallographic anisotropy in the rate of the initial reaction. Complementary imaging demonstrated how the particles self-assemble, subsequently react, and grow into elongated "whisker" structures. Our insights into how morphologically uniform iron oxide particles react and agglomerate in H2 reduction enable future size-dependent models to effectively describe the multiscale aspects of iron ore reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Subhechchha Paul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Lauren Moghimi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Rafael A. Vilá
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Fan Zhang
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD20899
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Junjing Deng
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Yi Jiang
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Chaolumen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Louisa C. Greenburg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Arturas Vailionis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Jan llavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Leora Dresselhaus-Marais
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
- Department of Photon Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025
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A Theoretical Study of the Oxygen Release Mechanisms of a Cu-Based Oxygen Carrier during Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cu-based oxygen carrier is a promising material in the chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) process, while its performance in the CLOU is significantly dependent on the oxygen release properties. However, the study of oxygen release mechanisms in CLOU is not comprehensive enough. In this work, the detailed oxygen release mechanisms of CuO(110) and CuO(111) are researched at an atomic level using the density functional theory (DFT) method, including the formation of O2, the desorption of O2 and the diffusion of O anion, as well as the analysis of the density of states. The results show that (1) the most favorable pathway for O2 formation and desorption occurs on the CuO(110) surface of O-terminated with energy barriers of 1.89 eV and 3.22 eV, respectively; (2) the most favorable pathway for O anion diffusion occurs in the CuO(110) slab with the lowest energy barrier of 0.24 eV; and (3) the total density of states for the O atoms in the CuO(110) slab shifts to a lower energy after an O vacancy formation. All of the above results clearly demonstrate that the CuO(110) surface plays a significantly important role in the oxygen release reaction, and the oxygen vacancy defect should be conducive to the reactivity of oxygen release in a Cu-based oxygen carrier.
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Li G, Yao W, Zhao Y, Jin B, Xu J, Mao Y, Luo X, Liang Z. Reduction kinetics and carbon deposit for Cu-doped Fe-based oxygen carriers: Role of Cu. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Moins S, Coulembier O. Dimerization of Methyl Acrylate through CO
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‐pressurized DBU Mediated Process. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Moins
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers University of Mons (UMONS) Place du Parc, 23 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers University of Mons (UMONS) Place du Parc, 23 7000 Mons Belgium
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