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Peter A S, Prabhu MM, Tolson D, Nayak BS, Bhandary RP, V B, Devi ES. Effectiveness of interventions to prevent abuse in people living with dementia in community settings: A systematic review. DEMENTIA 2024:14713012241260476. [PMID: 38901056 DOI: 10.1177/14713012241260476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review examined the evidence for interventions to prevent the abuse of people living with dementia in the community. METHODS The articles were retrieved from 2000 to 2023 from six databases, including MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL Plus via EBSCO, EMBASE, ProQuest Medical Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. The research articles that focused on finding the effectiveness of interventions for preventing abuse of people living with dementia in community settings were included in this review. The review included randomized controlled trials and pre-test post-test trials only. The quality appraisal of the eligible studies was done using ROB 2 and ROBINS II. The findings were tabulated and narratively synthesised. RESULTS Out of 1831 articles, only three were included in this review. Only two RCTs were included in this efficacy review. Both the studies showed that the interventions were not effective in reducing abuse. The studies utilised family caregiver interventions like psychological interventions and online supportive education. The review identified psychological interventions with some evidence. Another study was a quasi-experimental study that used dialectical behaviour therapy as an intervention to reduce abuse occurrence. The study showed low evidence and focused only on reporting of elder abuse as an outcome. CONCLUSION This review found very few studies and was not able to draw a conclusion on the effectiveness of interventions for abuse in people living with dementia. Given the paucity of research, there is a clear need to identify how to overcome the challenges faced in elder abuse research and further refine the development of approaches to reduce elder abuse among people living with dementia in community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seelia Peter A
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka,India 576104
| | - M Mukhyaprana Prabhu
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India 576104
| | - Debbie Tolson
- Alzheimer's Scotland Centre for Policy and Practice, University of West of Scotland, UK; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of West of Scotland, UK
| | - Baby S Nayak
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India 576104
| | - Rajeshkrishna P Bhandary
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India 576104
| | - Binil V
- Department of Psychiatric (Mental Health) Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India 576104
| | - Elsa Sanatombi Devi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India 576104
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Subjective cognitive decline and elder mistreatment in Mexican community-dwelling older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 92:104242. [PMID: 33010789 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Elder mistreatment in individuals with subjective cognitive decline is an understudied public health problem that violates human rights. DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional study of 386 Mexican community-dwelling older adults. Individuals with episodic memory, executive function, language, visuospatial skills or attention cognitive complaints without low cognitive performance scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Isaacs Set Test that were considered positive for subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Elder mistreatment (EM) was considered positive if any of the questions on the Geriatric Mistreatment Scale were answered affirmatively. Logistic regression models were created to test the association between SCD and EM. RESULTS After adjustments made by age, sex, education and depressive symptoms a positive association was found between SCD and EM (OR = 2.226; 95%CI = 1.296 to 3.822 ; p = 0.004). This association was observed in all subtypes of cognitive complaints except excecutive function: episodic memory (OR = 2.219 ; 95%CI = 1.321 to 3.728 ; p = 0.003), language (OR = 2.500 ; 95% CI = 1.422 to 4.396 ; p = 0.001), visuospatial (OR = 2.158 ; 95%CI = 1.162 to 4.007 ; p = 0.015), attention (OR = 2.197 ; 95%CI = 1.206 to 4.001 ; p = 0.010) and executive (OR = 1 2.062 ; 95%CI = 0.981 to 4.333 ; p = 0.056). Discussion and Implications: This study brings to light the relation between SCD and EM in a population where it has been understudied. Exploring mistreatment in older adults who experience subjective cognitive decline might help preserve their safety and create future prevention and intervention strategies.
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Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, Sweeney L, McClay R. Preventing The Abuse Of Residents With Dementia Or Alzheimer's Disease In The Long-Term Care Setting: A Systematic Review. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1797-1815. [PMID: 31695349 PMCID: PMC6816079 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s216678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The main objective of this study was to investigate abuse of residents with either dementia or Alzheimer’s disease in long-term care settings, to identify facilitators and barriers surrounding implementation of systems to prevent such occurrences, and to draw conclusions on combating the issue of abuse. Patients and methods A systematic review was conducted using the Medline, CINAHL, and Academic Search Ultimate databases. With the use of key terms via Boolean search, 30 articles were obtained which were determined to be germane to research objectives. The review was conducted and structured based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Residents with dementia or Alzheimer’s disease are at greater risk of abuse. The growing population could increase this problem exponentially. The most common facilitators were the introduction of policies/programs in the facility, education, and working conditions. The most cited barriers were poor training, lack of research, and working conditions in the long-term care setting. Conclusion The examples given would be useful in minimizing the potential for abuse in the long-term care setting. Leadership can take an active role in the prevention of abuse of the elderly through their actions, education of employees, and changes in the work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mileski
- School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly Lee
- School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Curtis Bourquard
- School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Belinda Cavazos
- School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Kristopher Dusek
- School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | | | - Linda Sweeney
- School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca McClay
- School of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV, USA
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Forero Borda LM, Hoyos Porto SDJ, Buitrago Martínez V, Heredia Ramírez RA. Maltrato a las personas mayores: una revisión narrativa. UNIVERSITAS MÉDICA 2019. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.umed60-4.malt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
El maltrato a las personas mayores es un tema de interés creciente, tanto así que se considera un problema de salud pública. Hay particularidades que hacen del entorno colombiano un ambiente propicio para generar situaciones de maltrato: la exposición a la “violencia a gran escala”, la diferencia de género y el cambio de la pirámide poblacional. Según el estudio SABE Colombia, el 12,9 % de las personas mayores informó haber sufrido maltrato, del cual el más común es el psicológico, seguido por el físico, el financiero y el sexual. A pesar de que el Estado reconoce al adulto mayor como “sujeto de especial protección”, aún hay desconocimiento por parte de los profesionales de la salud a la hora de enfrentar estos casos. Este debería ser un tema de obligatoriedad moral, por lo que se debe abordar a profundidad para así identificarlo oportunamente y proponer estrategias de prevención de una manera contextualizada. Esta revisión de la literatura tiene por objetivos sintetizar la información epidemiológica disponible, los factores de riesgo y las estrategias de evaluación y plantear las rutas de atención idóneas asentadas en los aspectos legales alrededor del maltrato hacia los ancianos en Colombia.
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Sakar H, Mahtab AK, Farshad S, Fahimeh T, Mirzadeh FS, Hossien F. Validation Study: The Iranian Version of Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) among Family Caregivers of Elderly with Dementia. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2019; 62:649-662. [PMID: 31314705 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2019.1640824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since abuse screening is difficult among the elderly with dementia, detection of elder abuse is a serious issue; meanwhile, the number of available tools to assess elder abuse by caregivers is limited. The aim was to evaluate validity and reliability of the Iranian version Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) tool. After the translating process of the tool to the Farsi language for 236 dementia participants ≥60 years old and their informal caregivers' from outpatient' clinics, in a cross-sectional method then the validity, reliability and factorial structure of the CASE was evaluated. The translated Iranian version CASE reveals a good psychometric property (α = 0.868) with strong internal consistency and reliability. Some variables (depression, burden, dementia intensity, and ADLs) were associated with abuse in dementia elderly. The two-factor structure was obtained in exploratory factor analysis labeled interpersonal abuse and neglect. Generally, the Iranian version of CASE approved with sufficient validity and reliability as a suitable instrument to find the risk of elder abuse among dementia caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hormozi Sakar
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alizadeh-Khoei Mahtab
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- Gerontology & Geriatric Department, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sharifi Farshad
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Taati Fahimeh
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mirzadeh
- Gerontology & Geriatric Department, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fakhrzadeh Hossien
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Piña-Escudero SD, Weinstein CA, Ritchie C. Contextualizing mistreatment in cognitive impairment in Latin America. J Elder Abuse Negl 2019; 31:255-261. [PMID: 30810492 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2019.1584070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mistreatment is an important social outcome of the growing cognitive impairment epidemic, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to bring to light what is known about mistreatment in cognitively impaired individuals in Latin American Countries. We identified a gap in the literature on this topic that opens the door for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy A Weinstein
- a Neurology, Sandler Neurosciences Center , UCSF Global Brain Health Institute , San Francisco , USA
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Strikwerda-Brown C, Ramanan S, Irish M. Neurocognitive mechanisms of theory of mind impairment in neurodegeneration: a transdiagnostic approach. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:557-573. [PMID: 30863078 PMCID: PMC6388953 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s158996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of human interaction is predicated upon our innate capacity to infer the thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and perspectives of others, in short, to possess a "theory of mind" (ToM). While the term has evolved considerably since its inception, ToM encompasses our unique ability to apprehend the mental states of others, enabling us to anticipate and predict subsequent behavior. From a developmental perspective, ToM has been a topic of keen research interest, with numerous studies seeking to explicate the origins of this fundamental capacity and its disruption in developmental disorders such as autism. The study of ToM at the opposite end of the lifespan, however, is paradoxically new born, emerging as a topic of interest in its own right comparatively recently. Here, we consider the unique insights afforded by studying ToM capacity in neurodegenerative disorders. Arguing from a novel, transdiagnostic perspective, we consider how ToM vulnerability reflects the progressive degradation of neural circuits specialized for an array of higher-order cognitive processes. This mechanistic approach enables us to consider the common and unique neurocognitive mechanisms that underpin ToM dysfunction across neurodegenerative disorders and for the first time examine its relation to behavioral disturbances across social, intimate, legal, and criminal settings. As such, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of ToM research in neurodegeneration, the resultant challenges for family members, clinicians, and the legal profession, and future directions worthy of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie Strikwerda-Brown
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - Siddharth Ramanan
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - Muireann Irish
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
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Ellis JM, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ward L, Campbell F, Hillel S, Downing C, Teresi J, Ramirez M. A systematic review protocol of educational programs for nursing staff on management of resident-to-resident elder mistreatment in residential aged care homes. J Adv Nurs 2018; 74:1975-1983. [PMID: 29732589 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To review evidence concerning educational programs for nursing staff on management of resident-to-resident elder mistreatment with the aim of preventing and reducing this abuse in residential aged care homes. BACKGROUND Although elder abuse has received considerable attention, very little is known regarding resident-to-resident elder mistreatment in residential aged care homes and about interventions/programs to prevent and reduce this harm. Nurses play an essential role in identifying and managing aggressive interactions. However, many nurses may not recognize these behaviours as forms of abuse. Thus, it is important to ascertain if educational programs for nursing staff have been developed and implemented. DESIGN Quantitative systematic review registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017080925). METHODS A systematic search of English published studies between 1980 - 2017 will be conducted in CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsychInfo and Scopus. Risk of bias and quality of the studies will be evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized studies. A meta-analysis will be performed, if sufficient homogeneity exists; otherwise, data will be summarized by using a narrative description. This study was funded in January 2017. DISCUSSION Nursing staff should play a pivotal role in preventing and/or reducing resident-to-resident elder mistreatment. Therefore, it is important to identify available educational programs for nursing staff dealing with this abuse. Consequently, this review may provide evidence-based care for nursing staff to assist them in protecting older residents from experiencing abuse or being abused and in improving their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Ellis
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Peruvian National Institute of Health, Jesus Maria, Peru
| | - Louise Ward
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Fergus Campbell
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Stav Hillel
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Carolyn Downing
- Bundoora Extended Care Centre, Northern Health, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | - Jeanne Teresi
- Research Division, Hebrew Home at Riverdale, Riverdale, New York
- Columbia University Stroud Center at New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Mildred Ramirez
- Research Division, Hebrew Home at Riverdale, Riverdale, New York
- Columbia University Stroud Center at New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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McDonald L. The mistreatment of older Canadians: findings from the 2015 national prevalence study. J Elder Abuse Negl 2018; 30:176-208. [DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2018.1452657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn McDonald
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, The National Initiative for the Care of the Elderly, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
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Wong S, Irish M, O’Callaghan C, Kumfor F, Savage G, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Hornberger M. Should I trust you? Learning and memory of social interactions in dementia. Neuropsychologia 2017; 104:157-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Melchiorre MG, Di Rosa M, Barbabella F, Barbini N, Lattanzio F, Chiatti C. Validation of the Italian Version of the Caregiver Abuse Screen among Family Caregivers of Older People with Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3458372. [PMID: 28265571 PMCID: PMC5318638 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3458372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Elder abuse is often a hidden phenomenon and, in many cases, screening practices are difficult to implement among older people with dementia. The Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) is a useful tool which is administered to family caregivers for detecting their potential abusive behavior. Objectives. To validate the Italian version of the CASE tool in the context of family caregiving of older people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to identify risk factors for elder abuse in Italy. Methods. The CASE test was administered to 438 caregivers, recruited in the Up-Tech study. Validity and reliability were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficients, principal-component analysis, and Cronbach's alphas. The association between the CASE and other variables potentially associated with elder abuse was also analyzed. Results. The factor analysis suggested the presence of a single factor, with a strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86). CASE score was strongly correlated with well-known risk factors of abuse. At multivariate level, main factors associated with CASE total score were caregiver burden and AD-related behavioral disturbances. Conclusions. The Italian version of the CASE is a reliable and consistent screening tool for tackling the risk of being or becoming perpetrators of abuse by family caregivers of people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Melchiorre
- Centre for Socioeconomic Research on Ageing, National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing (INRCA), 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Rosa
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing (INRCA), 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Barbabella
- Centre for Socioeconomic Research on Ageing, National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing (INRCA), 60124 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Norma Barbini
- Epidemiological Observatory, National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing (INRCA), 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Lattanzio
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing (INRCA), 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlos Chiatti
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing (INRCA), 60124 Ancona, Italy
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