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Cody R, Kreppke JN, Beck J, Donath L, Eckert A, Imboden C, Hatzinger M, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Lang UE, Ludyga S, Mans S, Mikoteit T, Oswald A, Rogausch A, Schweinfurth N, Zahner L, Faude O, Gerber M. Psychosocial Health and Physical Activity in People With Major Depression in the Context of COVID-19. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:685117. [PMID: 34778756 PMCID: PMC8586655 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.685117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Major depression is a psychiatric disease associated with physical inactivity, which in turn affects mental and physical health. A randomized controlled trial is being implemented to facilitate physical activity in people with major depression. In March 2020, Swiss state authorities temporarily legislated a lockdown to contain the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), which influenced health, behavior and research. The aim of this study was to find out whether data gathered before and during/after the lockdown among in-patients with major depression differ with regard to psychosocial health, physical activity and related attitudes and to establish whether baseline data have been affected by the lockdown. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis within a randomized controlled trial. Physically inactive, adult in-patients diagnosed with major depression were recruited from four Swiss psychiatric clinics between January 2019 and December 2020. Psychosocial health was measured with questionnaires pertaining to stress, sleep and health-related quality of life. Physical activity was measured with the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire. Explicit attitudes were measured with seven questionnaires pertaining to physical activity-related motivation and volition. Implicit attitudes toward physical activity were captured with a single target implicit association test. Results: The sample consisted of 165 participants (n = 119 before lockdown, n = 46 during/after lockdown). No statistically significant differences were found between in-patients with major depression assessed before and during/after the COVID-19 lockdown with regard to psychosocial health (stress, p = 0.51; sleep, p = 0.70; physical component of health-related quality of life, p = 0.55; mental component of health-related quality of life, p = 0.64), self-reported physical activity (p = 0.16) and explicit as well as implicit attitudes toward physical activity (p = 0.94). Hence, the COVID-19-induced lockdown seems not to have led to group differences. Conclusion: Baseline data gathered in in-patients suffering from major depression who are physically inactive upon admission to in-patient treatment in Switzerland seem to be unaffected by the COVID-19-induced lockdown. To assess changes in said population regarding psychosocial health and physical activity patterns over time, longitudinal data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Cody
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Niklas Kreppke
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Eckert
- Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Undine E. Lang
- Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mans
- Private Clinic Wyss, Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland
| | | | - Anja Oswald
- Psychiatric Clinic Sonnenhalde, Riehen, Switzerland
| | | | - Nina Schweinfurth
- Adult Psychiatric Clinics (UPKE), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Zahner
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Turel O, Serenko A. Cognitive biases and excessive use of social media: The facebook implicit associations test (FIAT). Addict Behav 2020; 105:106328. [PMID: 32058236 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many theoretical accounts of addictive behaviors, including models of Internet use disorders, implicate cognitive biases in the formation and maintenance of excessive behaviors. Yet, little empirical evidence regarding the role of such biases, including implicit attitude, in the development and maintenance of excessive use of social media exists. We seek to bridge this gap in this study. To this end, we present the development of the Facebook Implicit Association Test (FIAT) and employ it in a sample of 220 Facebook users. The results (1) confirm the validity of the concept of implicit attitude and its measure in the context of social media, (2) demonstrate that implicit attitude is significantly positively associated with excessive use scores, in a magnitude similar to that observed for associations with substance use, and (3) show that implicit attitude is sheltered against social desirability bias, unlike self-reported and explicit measures, such as excessive use. Overall, this study builds theoretical and methodological foundations for further inquiries into the role of implicit attitude in research on the excessive use of social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Turel
- Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd. SGMH-4160, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA.
| | - Alexander Serenko
- Faculty of Business and IT, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St. North, Office ERC 2082, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
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