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Casale S, Akbari M, Seydavi M, Bocci Benucci S, Fioravanti G. Has the prevalence of problematic social media use increased over the past seven years and since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic? A meta-analysis of the studies published since the development of the Bergen social media addiction scale. Addict Behav 2023; 147:107838. [PMID: 37639837 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU) has been defined as the lack of regulation of one's use of social media associated with negative outcomes in everyday functioning. Previous meta-analyses reported PSMU prevalence before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and based the estimates on the cut-off scores, which are debatable in the current fields. The present meta-analysis aims to explore whether PSMU, as assessed by the most used self-report scale (i.e., the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale; BSMAS), increased across the world (i) since the first published study on this topic (i.e., in the last seven years), (ii) since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and (iii) depending on age, gender and the income level of the countries. The meta-analysis involved 139 independent samples with 133,955 respondents from 32 countries spanning seven world regions. The results show that PSMU: (i) is significantly higher in low-income countries (LIC); (ii) did not increase in the last 7 years overall and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, except for LIC; (iii) did not vary depending on age and gender. The higher prevalence of PSMU reported during the COVID-19 pandemic by some single studies may have been a transient phenomenon to cope with physical distances in some countries, whilst, in others, an overall increase of PSMU occurred. High levels of PSMU in LIC might be explained based on socio-cultural differences between countries, but also with the higher prevalence of mental disorders in LIC since PSMU might be a symptom of other, more primary psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Mehdi Akbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Seydavi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Bocci Benucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, 50100 Florence, Italy.
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Schlossarek S, Schmidt H, Bischof A, Bischof G, Brandt D, Borgwardt S, Browne DT, Christakis D, Hurst-Della Pietra P, Demetrocvics Z, Rumpf HJ. Psychometric Properties of Screening Instruments for Social Network Use Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:419-426. [PMID: 36806892 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Children and adolescents spend considerable time on the internet, which makes them a highly vulnerable group for the development of problematic usage patterns. A variety of screening methods have already been developed and validated for social network use disorder (SNUD); however, a systematic review of SNUD in younger age groups has not been performed. OBJECTIVE To review published reports on screening tools assessing SNUD in children and adolescents with a maximum mean age of 18.9 years. EVIDENCE REVIEW To identify instruments for the assessment of SNUD, a systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycArticles, and Scopus. The final search took place on May 2, 2022. Psychometric properties of available tools were examined and evaluated to derive recommendations for suitable instruments for individuals up to 18 years of age. FINDINGS A total of 5746 publications were identified, of which 2155 were excluded as duplicates. Of the remaining 3591 nonredundant publications, 3411 studies were assessed as not relevant after title and abstract screening. A full-text analysis of 180 remaining studies classified as potentially eligible resulted in a final inclusion of 29 studies revealing validation evidence for a total of 19 tools. The study quality was mostly moderate. With regard to validation frequency, 3 tools exhibited the largest evidence base: Social Media Disorder Scale (SMDS), the short version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale-Short Form (BSMAS-SF). Among these, 1 study tested a parental version (SMDS-P) for its psychometric properties. Taking all criteria into account, the strongest recommendation was made for the SMDS and BSMAS-SF. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results suggest that the SMDS-SF and BSMAS-SF were appropriate screening measures for SNUD. Advantages of the SMDS are the availability of a short version and the possibility of an external parental rating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schlossarek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Hannah Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Anja Bischof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Gallus Bischof
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Dominique Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Dillon T Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Zsolt Demetrocvics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar.,Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Zhang J, Bai H, Lu J, Zheng L. Problematic use of social media: The influence of social environmental forces and the mediating role of copresence. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12959. [PMID: 36820174 PMCID: PMC9938477 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
People's dependence on technology in the digital environment has increasingly become the focus of academic and social attention. Social media, in particular, with the functions of connecting with others and maintaining interactions, has become an inseparable part of people's lives. Although the formation of problematic use of social media has been extensively discussed by scholars, it is mainly confined to the individual level and lacks a macro perspective from the external environment. This study draws on the perspective of institutional theory and introduces copresence as a mediating role, aiming to investigate the influence mechanism of social environmental forces on individuals' problematic use of social media. An online survey (N = 462) was conducted to collect data and test the research model. Our data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Results show that social environmental forces exert an impact on problematic use of social media through the sense of copresence, and only mimetic force can directly affect behavior outcomes while the other two forces can not. Besides, social environmental forces have a relationship with people's sense of copresence while using social media. Among them, mimetic force and normative force positively correlate with copresence while coercive force is negatively related to copresence. Furthermore, copresence is found to influence problematic use of social media positively. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Varona MN, Muela A, Machimbarrena JM. Problematic use or addiction? A scoping review on conceptual and operational definitions of negative social networking sites use in adolescents. Addict Behav 2022; 134:107400. [PMID: 35820296 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the conceptual and operational descriptions of negative social networking site (SNS) use in adolescents. A search was conducted among four databases, following the guidelines set forth in the PRISMA-ScR. The search resulted in 1503 articles, of which 112 met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the negative use of SNS has been conceptualised from two approaches: (1) the component model of addiction and (2) a cognitive-behavioural problematic use paradigm. Thirty-seven instruments assessing this problem were found, with the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale and its adaptations being the most widely used ones. These instruments dimensions were vaguely defined and often overlapped with one another. In conclusion, no standardised theoretical framework exists to assess negative SNS use in adolescents. This lack of a theoretical definition makes it difficult to compare results among studies and determine the true extent of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Varona
- Faculty of Psychology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Spain
| | - A Muela
- Faculty of Psychology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Spain
| | - J M Machimbarrena
- Faculty of Psychology, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Spain; Ciberpsicología Research Group, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Spain.
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Yue H, Zhang X, Cheng X, Liu B, Bao H. Measurement Invariance of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale Across Genders. Front Psychol 2022; 13:879259. [PMID: 35800944 PMCID: PMC9253691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.879259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media addiction has been a hot issue in scientific research in recent years, its antecedents and consequences have been extensively studied. Among these studies, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) is one of the most commonly used instruments. However, little is known about whether this scale has the equivalent psychometric properties for men and women. The purpose of the current study is to examine the measurement invariance (including configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and error variance invariance) of the BSMAS across genders. In total, 1,120 participants were recruited from 5 universities. R program was applied to conduct the single-group and multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on the social media addiction symptom ratings. The results demonstrated that BSMAS was a valid and psychometrically robust instrument for assessing the risk of social media addiction among university students, and that the four types of measurement invariance of the BSMAS across genders were confirmed. Consequently, gender differences in the BSMAS scores are likely to reflect the genuine differences between men and women, and comparisons on the level of social media addiction of university students between gender groups can be interpreted meaningfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yue
- School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiangjuan Cheng
- School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hugejiletu Bao
- College of Physical Education, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Hugejiletu Bao
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Salas-Blas E, Merino-Soto C, Pérez-Amezcua B, Toledano-Toledano F. Social Networks Addiction (SNA-6) - Short: Validity of Measurement in Mexican Youths. Front Psychol 2022; 12:774847. [PMID: 35095659 PMCID: PMC8790061 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.774847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive use of social networks needs to be addressed, and this phenomenon needs to be measured for the purpose of evaluation, prevention, and intervention among adolescents and young people. The objective of the study was to adapt and psychometrically validate the Brief Scale of Addiction to Social Networks (SNA-6) among Mexican adolescents and young adults. The participating sample consisted of 2,789 students from 6 public educational campuses in Cuernavaca (Morelos, Mexico). Data collection was carried out through a web platform to strictly maintain anonymity, voluntary participation, and confidentiality. Data analysis first focused on the detection of possible response biases (random intercept model and careless/insufficient effort), the quality of the response structure partial credit model (PCM), dimensionality (CFA and invariance), and the relationship with external variables. It was found that when the range of efficient response options was limited to less than five, reliability was high (0.91), and unidimensionality was maintained. Response biases slightly affected the dimensional structure of the instrument. Measurement invariance reached scalar invariance in the sex, age, and campus groups. The association with sensation seeking and depression, controlling for sex and age covariates, was statistically significant, small, and theoretically consistent. Implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Salas-Blas
- Instituto de Investigación de Psicología, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - César Merino-Soto
- Instituto de Investigación de Psicología, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Berenice Pérez-Amezcua
- Centro de Investigación Transdisciplinar en Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Filiberto Toledano-Toledano
- Unida de Investigación en Medicina Basada en Evidencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Sociomédica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
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Adolescents' Perceptions of Their Problematic Use of ICT: Relationship with Study Time and Academic Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126673. [PMID: 34205770 PMCID: PMC8296332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Today, the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is part of the daily lives of adolescents. However, its widespread use in all areas, the vulnerable condition of adolescents and the imminent consequences of problematic use are awakening a growing social and educational concern. With the purpose of looking into this problem, the following research aims are formulated: (1) Analyse the perception of adolescents about their academic performance and the interference of ICT in their development; (2) Describe the frequency of use of ICT and its influence on study time and grades; and (3) Analyse the relationship between family supervision of ICT and academic performance. The representative sample consisted of 1101 adolescents from 10 educational centers in the Southeast of Spain. Descriptive statistics, contingency tables, Chi Square, Cramer’s V and Linear Regression were calculated. The results show that more than 50% of the students believe that they would spend more time studying if they did not have continuous access to technologies. Likewise, 20% of the students identify ICT as responsible for the decline in their academic performance. Statistically significant relationships were found between time limitations for Internet access and academic performance. It is therefore concluded that the problematic use of ICT in adolescence is a phenomenon that demands intervention, and the training of parents and adolescents in the responsible use of ICT is urged.
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Paschke K, Austermann MI, Thomasius R. ICD-11-Based Assessment of Social Media Use Disorder in Adolescents: Development and Validation of the Social Media Use Disorder Scale for Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:661483. [PMID: 33967862 PMCID: PMC8100192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.661483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A problematic social media use (PSMU) in adolescents is a rising phenomenon often associated with higher perception of psychological stress and comorbid psychiatric disorders like depression. Since the ICD-11 introduced the very first internet-use related disorders, criteria for gaming (and online gambling) disorder can now be transferred to assess social media use disorder (SMUD). Therefore, the development and validation of a self-rating screening instrument for SMUD is of value to researchers and clinicians. Method: The previously validated ICD-11-based Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) was adapted to measure SMUD (Social Media Use Disorder Scale for Adolescents, SOMEDIS-A). A representative sample of 931 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years and a respective parent participated in an online study. Item structure was evaluated by factorial analyses. Validated DSM-5-based instruments to assess PSMU by self- and parental ratings (SMDS, SMDS-P), adolescent depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and stress perception (PSS-10) as well as single items on time spent with social media (SM, frequency and duration) were applied to assess criterion validity. Discrimination between pathological and non-pathological users was examined based on ROC analyses retrieved cut-off values and the results of a latent profile analysis. Results: The new scale is best described by two factors reflecting cognitive-behavioral symptoms and associated negative consequences. The internal consistency was good to excellent. The SOMEDIS-A-sum score was positively correlated with PSMU, depression, and stress scores as well as the time spent with SM in a moderately to highly significant manner. Thus, good to excellent criterion validity is suggested. Conclusions: SOMEDIS-A is the first successfully validated instrument to assess SMUD in adolescents based on the ICD-11 criteria of GD. Thus, it can support early detection in order to prevent symptom aggravation, chronification, and secondary comorbidities. It can contribute to the development of a standardized conceptualization and its two-factorial structure offers promising new insights into the evaluation of SM usage patterns. Further examination including clinical validation is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Paschke
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen des Kindes- und Jugendalters (DZSKJ), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Costo Conductual, modos de interacción y adicción a las redes sociales. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar si el costo conductual influye la elección del modo de interacción y el efecto de la adicción a las redes sociales sobre ésta. Para la selección de la muestra se aplicó el Cuestionario de Adicción a las Redes Sociales (ARS) a 306 estudiantes universitarios, 140 hombres y 166 mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 42 años (X=22,34), luego se organizaron los puntajes en cuartiles y se seleccionaron a nueve personas del primer cuartil y nueve del último cuartil. Una vez hecho esto, se asignaron en grupos de tres personas, y cada grupo fue asignado dentro de una condición del diseño factorial. El experimento consistió en realizar una entrevista que podía contar con 10 o 16 preguntas (costo conductual), donde el participante elegía realizarla a través de una red social o de forma presencial, dependiendo de la condición asignada. En el análisis de resultados se utilizó el estadístico Kruskal – Wallis y la prueba U de Mann - Whitney para establecer si existen diferencias entre la elección por costo conductual y los cuartiles elegidos respectivamente. Los resultados demostraron que la elección tiende a ser por la opción menos costosa, sin importar la presencia, o ausencia, de adicción a las redes sociales.
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Heidarimoghadam R, Mortezapour A, Ghasemi F, Ghaffari ME, Babamiri M, Razie M, Bandehelahi K. Musculoskeletal Consequences in Cyber-Addicted Students - Is It Really A Matter of Health? A ROC Curve Analysis for Prioritizing Risk Factors. J Res Health Sci 2020; 20:e00475. [PMID: 32814697 PMCID: PMC7585751 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence and also multiple consequences of addiction to various online content, including online games and social networks, have become a major challenge. The ability to predict musculoskeletal disorders from this addiction can help reveal in students' health status in the near future. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this addiction and the ability to predict neck pain from this matter in students. STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional study. METHODS This study was carried out among 665 students. Data collection was performed through three questionnaires on problematic use of online games, social networking addiction, and Nordic musculoskeletal disorders. Data were compared with Chi-square and independent T-test, and the logistic regression model was then presented at a significant level of 0.05. Finally, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Discriminant analysis were conducted to clarify associations. RESULTS The prevalence of Internet-related content addiction was 32.8%. The results showed that addiction to social networks and online games can increase the risk of neck disorder. Also 0.58 area under ROC curve depicted the ability to predict neck pain from this addiction. CONCLUSION In students with internet - related content addiction, neck disorder can be predicted. Given the high prevalence of internet addiction in students, it is essential to take immediate and appropriate interventions to avoid the associated adverse effects such as neck problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Heidarimoghadam
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mortezapour
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fakhradin Ghasemi
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Ghaffari
- Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Babamiri
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Razie
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Bandehelahi
- Department of Public Health, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
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Esmaeili Rad M, Ahmadi F. A new method to measure and decrease the online social networking addiction. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2018; 10:e12330. [PMID: 30175904 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The online social networking addiction is a type of technology addiction that can lead to distraction, depression, anxiety, and lower academic performance. In this research, an android mobile application was designed based on the previous literature as well as authors' previous works to measure and decrease social networking addiction level. METHODS This research is a randomized controlled trial. Participants were the students in Urmia University of Technology. The mobile application was designed and sent to 100 (35 males and 65 females) students randomly as an intervention group and was sent to 100 (38 males and 62 females) students randomly as a control group. In order to evaluate the efficacy of treatment, data were collected before and after 2-week treatment. RESULTS The results indicated that the designed mobile application can measure the online social networking addiction level with online social networking addiction scale, it can also decrease the online social networking addiction, depression, anxiety level, and the time spent on online social networks, and it can improve the sleep quality and life satisfaction level. DISCUSSION Therefore, the designed mobile application can be used as an appropriate instrument to measure and decrease the online social networking addiction level of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Esmaeili Rad
- Department of Information Technology, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farid Ahmadi
- Department of Information Technology, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran
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Gao W, Liu Z, Li J. How does social presence influence SNS addiction? A belongingness theory perspective. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ali M, Wang W, Chaudhry N. Investigating motivating factors for sound hospital waste management. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2016; 66:786-794. [PMID: 27192439 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1181686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sustainable management of hospital waste requires an active involvement of all key players. This study aims to test the hypothesis that three motivating factors, namely, Reputation, Liability, and Expense, influence hospital waste management. The survey for this study was conducted in two phases, with the pilot study used for exploratory factor analysis and the subsequent main survey used for cross-validation using confirmatory factor analysis. The hypotheses were validated through one-sample t tests. Correlations were established between the three motivating factors and organizational characteristics of hospital type, location, category, and size. The hypotheses were validated, and it was found that the factors of Liability and Expense varied considerably with respect to location and size of a hospital. The factor of Reputation, however, did not exhibit significant variation. In conclusion, concerns about the reputation of a facility and an apprehension of liability act as incentives for sound hospital waste management, whereas concerns about financial costs and perceived overburden on staff act as disincentives. IMPLICATIONS This paper identifies the non economic motivating factors that can be used to encourage behavioral changes regarding waste management at hospitals in resource constrained environments. This study discovered that organizational characteristics such as hospital size and location cause the responses to vary among the subjects. Hence a policy maker must take into account the institutional setting before introducing a change geared towards better waste management outcomes across hospitals. This study covers a topic that has hitherto been neglected in resource constrained countries. Thus it can be used as one of the first steps to highlight and tackle the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ali
- a Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Economics and Management Science , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Wang
- a Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Economics and Management Science , Southeast University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Nawaz Chaudhry
- b College of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
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