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Bertrand K, Sepulveda Y, Spiegel BJ, Best BM, Suhandynata R, Rossi S, Chambers CD, Momper JD. Concentrations of remdesivir and GS-441524 in human milk from lactating individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Pediatr Res 2024; 96:269-272. [PMID: 38347172 PMCID: PMC11343694 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
IMPACT Findings from this study provide further reassuring evidence that infant exposure through human milk received from lactating individuals who require treatment with remdesivir is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Bertrand
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Yadira Sepulveda
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Benjamin J Spiegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Brookie M Best
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Raymond Suhandynata
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Steven Rossi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christina D Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jeremiah D Momper
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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2
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McAllister J, Wexelblatt S, Ward L. Controversies and Conundrums in Newborn Feeding. Clin Perinatol 2023; 50:729-742. [PMID: 37536775 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the biologic norm for newborn feeding, and exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is universally endorsed by leading global and national organizations. Despite these recommendations, many people do not meet their breastfeeding goals and controversies surrounding breastfeeding problems exist. Medical issues can present challenges for the clinician and parents to successfully meet desired feeding outcomes. There are studies evaluating these common controversies and medical conundrums, and clinicians should provide evidence-based recommendations when counseling families about newborn feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McAllister
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Perinatal Institute, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Scott Wexelblatt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Perinatal Institute, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Laura Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Perinatal Institute, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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3
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Bertrand K, Rossi S, Wells A, Best B, Chambers CD. The Concentration of Etanercept in Human Milk and Infant Outcomes. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:712-714. [PMID: 36379569 PMCID: PMC10159878 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Bertrand
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego;
| | - Steven Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego
| | - Brookie Best
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego
| | - Christina D Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Hoyt AT, Wilkinson AV, Langlois PH, Galeener CA, Ranjit N, Dabelea DM, Moore BF. Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco and Childhood Cognition and Behavior: Effect Modification by Maternal Folate Intake and Breastfeeding Duration. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01524-x. [PMID: 37029873 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
In this exploratory analysis, we assessed whether nutrition modified the association between prenatal exposure to tobacco and childhood cognition/behavior among 366 Colorado-based mothers and their offspring (born ≥ 37 weeks with birthweights ≥ 2500 g). Interaction by folate (≥ 1074 µg/day) and breastfeeding (≥ 5 months) was assessed by including a product term with cotinine (≥ limit of detection [LOD]) in regression models for NIH Toolbox and Child Behavior Checklist T-scores. Main effects were observed between cotinine ≥ LOD and inhibitory control (- 3.2; 95% CI: - 6.8, 0.3), folate < 1074 µg/day and anxious/depressed symptoms (1.1; 95% CI: 0.1, 2.1), and breastfeeding < 5 months and receptive language (- 4.3; 95% CI: - 8.5, - 0.02), though these findings would not survive Bonferroni correction. Breastfeeding modified the tobacco-behavior associations. Sleep (3.8; 95% CI: 0.5, 7.1; interaction p-value = 0.02), depressive (4.6; 95% CI: 1.0, 8.2; interaction p-value = 0.01) and total problems (5.8; 95% CI: - 0.7, 12.4; interaction p-value = 0.09) were observed among tobacco-exposed offspring who breastfed > 5 months, but not for shorter durations. Our findings support the need for smoking cessation campaigns throughout pregnancy and throughout the postpartum period breastfeeding to reduce neurobehavioral risks in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne T Hoyt
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Peter H Langlois
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Carol A Galeener
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, Fleming Center Health for Care Management Houston, UTHealth School of Public Health- Houston Regional Campus, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Dana M Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brianna F Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health - Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA.
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1890 N Revere Ct, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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5
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Leutritz AL, van Braam L, Preis K, Gehrmann A, Scherf-Clavel M, Fiedler K, Unterecker S, Kittel-Schneider S. Psychotropic medication in pregnancy and lactation and early development of exposed children. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:737-750. [PMID: 36103361 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still limited knowledge about alterations of blood concentrations of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy, the transfer of psychotropic drugs into breastmilk and the effects on exposed children. We investigated changes in concentrations of psychopharmacological medication during pregnancy and lactation in serum and breastmilk at different time points in a naturalistic sample of 60 mothers and observed the development of the exposed children in the first 12 months. We found a decrease in serum concentrations from the first to the second trimester of amitriptyline, duloxetine, escitalopram, quetiapine and sertraline. Citalopram stayed rather stable during pregnancy, sertraline levels interestingly increased again from the second to the third trimester. High concentration-by-dose ratios in breastmilk were found for venlafaxine as well as lamotrigine, low for quetiapine and clomipramine. Similarly, clomipramine and quetiapine showed low milk/serum-penetration ratios. Regarding the birth outcome measures in children, we found no significant differences between in utero exposed compared to nonexposed newborns. There were no significant differences in the development in the first 12 months. Psychotropic medication in the peripartum needs a balancing of risks and benefits and a continuous therapeutic drug monitoring can be a guidance for clinicians to monitor drug alteration patterns, which are likely to occur due to physiological pregnancy-associated changes in pharmacokinetics. Accordingly, therapeutic drug monitoring can optimize a medication in pregnancy and lactation with the lowest effective dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Linda Leutritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lara van Braam
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Preis
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Gehrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maike Scherf-Clavel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Fiedler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Unterecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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6
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Wald J, Henningsson A, Hanze E, Hoffmann E, Li H, Colquhoun H, Deligiannidis KM. Allopregnanolone Concentrations in Breast Milk and Plasma from Healthy Volunteers Receiving Brexanolone Injection, With Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Potential Relative Infant Dose. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:1307-1319. [PMID: 35869362 PMCID: PMC9439988 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Women with postpartum depression (PPD) may expose their infants to antidepressants via breast milk. Brexanolone is the only FDA-approved antidepressant specifically indicated for the treatment of PPD. This open-label, phase Ib study of healthy lactating volunteers assessed pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of brexanolone and a population PK (PopPK) model determined the relative infant dose (RID) in breastfeeding mothers. Methods Twelve participants received a 60-h infusion of brexanolone (titration up to 90 µg/kg/h). Allopregnanolone concentration was measured in breast milk and plasma. The RID was computed using a nonlinear mixed-effects PopPK model of patients with PPD and healthy women (N = 156). Model results were extended across an integrated dataset of participants through day 7. Results Allopregnanolone concentration–time profiles were similar between breast milk and plasma (partition coefficient for concentration gradient [milk : plasma] 1.36). Mean (95% CI) Cmax was 89.7 ng/mL (74.19–108.39), and median (95% CI) tmax was 47.8 h (47.8–55.8) in plasma. The overall PK profile was best described by a two-compartment model with linear elimination and distribution. Body weight was the only significant covariate identified. There were no apparent differences in PopPK AUC and Cmax between participants with or without concomitant antidepressant treatment. Maximum RID was 1.3%. Conclusion The PopPK model successfully described the variability and concentration–time profiles of allopregnanolone in breast milk and plasma in healthy participants and in the plasma of brexanolone-treated patients with PPD. The rapid elimination of allopregnanolone from plasma and breast milk, and low RID, suggests the appropriateness of brexanolone weight-based dosing and supports other PK-related labeling recommendations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40262-022-01155-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Wald
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., 215 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | | | | | - Ethan Hoffmann
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., 215 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Haihong Li
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., 215 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Helen Colquhoun
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., 215 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Kristina M Deligiannidis
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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7
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Santoro KL, Yakah W, Singh P, Ramiro-Cortijo D, Medina-Morales E, Freedman SD, Martin CR. Acetaminophen and Xenobiotic Metabolites in Human Milk and the Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity in a Cohort of Extremely Preterm Infants. J Pediatr 2022; 244:224-229.e3. [PMID: 35093319 PMCID: PMC9152735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study sought to identify the association between certain xenobiotic metabolites in maternal breast milk and the diagnoses of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity in extremely preterm infants. Several acetaminophen metabolites were associated with a 3- to 6-fold increased odds of these disorders, and metabolites of certain food products, benzoate, and caffeine were associated with decreased odds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L. Santoro
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - William Yakah
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - David Ramiro-Cortijo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Esli Medina-Morales
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven D. Freedman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA;,Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Camilia R. Martin
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA;,Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
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8
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Capone F, Albanese A, Quadri G, Di Lazzaro V, Falato E, Cortese A, De Giglio L, Ferraro E. Disease-Modifying Drugs and Breastfeeding in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Literature Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:851413. [PMID: 35493841 PMCID: PMC9051389 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.851413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-related issues in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been receiving increasing attention, with particular interest for the use of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) before conception, during pregnancy, and postpartum, including breastfeeding. The risk of relapse is higher in the early postpartum period, especially in cases of significant disease activity prior to pregnancy, and thus treatment resumption and/or switching strategies might be necessary. Moreover, breastfeeding provides unmatched health benefits for babies and mothers, and is recommended as the best source of nutrition for infants. Furthermore, a protective role of breastfeeding on MS disease course has not been fully demonstrated and it remains debatable. At the same time, a source of concern is the potential transfer of DMTs into breastmilk and the resulting infant exposure. The use of most DMTs is unlicensed during breastfeeding mainly due to the limited data available on the excretion in human milk and on the effects on infants' exposure. Consequently, women have to face the difficult challenge of choosing between breastfeeding and DMT resumption. The present narrative review summarizes and discusses the available evidence on the safety of DMTs during breastfeeding and the relative approved labels. At the time of diagnosis of MS, specific counseling should be offered to women of childbearing age, making them aware of the possible therapeutic options and their impact on pregnancy and breastfeeding. Women can be encouraged to breastfeed, if clinically feasible, following a review of their medications and clinical status, with a personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fioravante Capone
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fioravante Capone
| | - Angela Albanese
- Merck Serono S.p.A., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Quadri
- Merck Serono S.p.A., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Falato
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cortese
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, S. Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Giglio
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, S. Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
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9
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Pizzol TDSD, Pinto AN, Silveira MPT, Caetano MCDC, Giugliani C. Breastfeeding and drug use: what is the orientation found in drug package inserts of contraceptives and anti-infective agents? CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:4783-4794. [PMID: 34730663 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320212610.30702020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to evaluate the conformity between drug package inserts (DPIs) and evidence-based bibliographic sources regarding the presence of contraindications to the use of contraceptives and anti-infective agents during breastfeeding. Contraceptive and anti-infectives were selected, according to ATC, with the updated record in the ANVISA and present in the bibliographic sources Breastfeeding and Use of Medicines and Other Substances, Medications and Mother's Milk, LactMed®, Micromedex® and UpToDate®. Information was extracted from the DPI "Contraindications" and "Warnings and precautions" sections and compared with the information in the bibliographic sources. The contraindication of the drug during breastfeeding was evaluated. Contraindications were found in the DPIs of five (55.5%) of the nine contraceptives. The contraindication percentage ranged from 0 to 55.5% among the bibliographic sources, depending on the source. The percentage was 46.3% in the DPIs, ranging from 0 to 12.9% in the bibliographic sources for anti-infectives. There is an agreement between the DPIs and the bibliographic sources regarding contraceptives; regarding anti-infectives, the DPIs are more often contraindicated for use during breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Av. Ipiranga 2752, sala 203, Santana. 90610-000 Porto Alegre RS Brasil.
| | - Alessandra Nunes Pinto
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Av. Ipiranga 2752, sala 203, Santana. 90610-000 Porto Alegre RS Brasil.
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10
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Blythe S, Peters K, Elcombe E, Burns E, Gribble K. Australian Foster Carers' Views and Concerns Regarding Maternal Drug Use and the Safety of Breastmilk. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8040284. [PMID: 33916975 PMCID: PMC8067616 DOI: 10.3390/children8040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parental substance misuse and mental health issues are major factors associated with infant placement into out-of-home care. Such placements may result in disruption and/or cessation of breastfeeding. Provision of breastmilk to infants in out-of-home care (OOHC) is desirable in terms of infant health and development, and also in supporting maternal caregiving. However, little is known about how breastfeeding is supported for infants in out-of-home care. This study used an online survey to explore the facilitation of breastfeeding in the context of OOHC and foster carers' management of expressed breastmilk (EBM). Foster carers were generally open to the idea of maternal breastfeeding and infants in their care receiving EBM from their mothers. However, the majority of respondents expressed concern regarding the safety of EBM for infant consumption due to the possibility of harmful substances in the milk. Concerns regarding the safety of handling EBM were also prevalent. These concerns caused foster carers to discard EBM. Findings suggest foster carers' may lack knowledge related to maternal substance use and breastmilk. Better integration between health care and social service systems, where the voices of mothers, foster carers and child protection workers are heard, is necessary to develop solutions enabling infants living in OOHC access to their mother's breastmilk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Blythe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2763, Australia; (K.P.); (E.E.); (E.B.); (K.G.)
- Translational Research and Social Innovation (TReSI) Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Kath Peters
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2763, Australia; (K.P.); (E.E.); (E.B.); (K.G.)
| | - Emma Elcombe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2763, Australia; (K.P.); (E.E.); (E.B.); (K.G.)
- Translational Research and Social Innovation (TReSI) Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool 2170, Australia
| | - Elaine Burns
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2763, Australia; (K.P.); (E.E.); (E.B.); (K.G.)
| | - Karleen Gribble
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2763, Australia; (K.P.); (E.E.); (E.B.); (K.G.)
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11
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Lorenzetti S, Plösch T, Teller IC. Antioxidative Molecules in Human Milk and Environmental Contaminants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:550. [PMID: 33916168 PMCID: PMC8065843 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides overall beneficial health to the mother-child dyad and is universally recognized as the preferred feeding mode for infants up to 6-months and beyond. Human milk provides immuno-protection and supplies nutrients and bioactive compounds whose concentrations vary with lactation stage. Environmental and dietary factors potentially lead to excessive chemical exposure in critical windows of development such as neonatal life, including lactation. This review discusses current knowledge on these environmental and dietary contaminants and summarizes the known effects of these chemicals in human milk, taking into account the protective presence of antioxidative molecules. Particular attention is given to short- and long-term effects of these contaminants, considering their role as endocrine disruptors and potential epigenetic modulators. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps and indicate potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lorenzetti
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Jamshed L, Perono GA, Jamshed S, Holloway AC. Early Life Exposure to Nicotine: Postnatal Metabolic, Neurobehavioral and Respiratory Outcomes and the Development of Childhood Cancers. Toxicol Sci 2020; 178:3-15. [PMID: 32766841 PMCID: PMC7850035 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal, and developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences in the adult offspring. Nicotine replacement therapy and electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) have been developed as a pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation and are considered safer alternatives for women to smoke during pregnancy. The safety of nicotine replacement therapy use during pregnancy has been evaluated in a limited number of short-term human trials, but there is currently no information on the long-term effects of developmental nicotine exposure in humans. However, animal studies suggest that nicotine alone may be a key chemical responsible for many of the long-term effects associated with maternal cigarette smoking on the offspring and increases the risk of adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, dysmetabolism, respiratory illness, and cancer. This review will examine the long-term effects of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure on postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Jamshed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Genevieve A Perono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Shanza Jamshed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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Psychoactive substances in human breast milk: a review of analytical strategies for their investigation. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1263-1274. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
WHO recommends breastfeeding for the first 6 months of newborn's life. Due to its physicochemical properties, breast milk may contain undesirable components originated from mother's feeding, medication and illicit drugs consumption. Some of these substances transferred from bloodstream to milk and delivered to the infant can cause harmful effects. For the last decades, analytical advances enabled the analysis of several substances in milk using different techniques. Thereby, it is possible to evaluate infant's level of exposure to these substances. This review presents the information published in the main scientific dissemination media about psychoactive drugs investigation in human breast milk, involving the sample preparation techniques and chromatographic validated methods developed in the past 10 years.
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Lutz BH, Bassani DG, Miranda VIA, Silveira MPT, Mengue SS, Dal Pizzol TDS, da Silveira MF, Bertoldi AD. Use of Medications by Breastfeeding Women in the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020568. [PMID: 31963112 PMCID: PMC7014443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study describes medication use by women up to 3 months postpartum and evaluates the association between medication use by women who were still breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum and weaning at 6 and 12 months. Methods: Population-based cohort, including women who breastfed (n = 3988). Medications were classified according to Hale's lactation risk categories and Brazilian Ministry of Health criteria. Duration of breastfeeding was analysed using Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier curves, including only women who were still breastfeeding at three months postpartum. Results: Medication use with some risk for lactation was frequent (79.6% regarding Hale's risk categories and 12.3% regarding Brazilian Ministry of Health criteria). We did not find statistically significant differences for weaning at 6 or 12 months between the group who did not use medication or used only compatible medications and the group who used medications with some risk for lactation, according to both criteria. Conclusions: Our study found no association between weaning rates across the different breastfeeding safety categories of medications in women who were still breastfeeding at three months postpartum. Therefore, women who took medications and stopped breastfeeding in the first three months postpartum because of adverse side-effects associated with medications could not be addressed in this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Heather Lutz
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Avenida Duque de Caxias, 250, Pelotas 96030-000, RS, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas 96020-220, RS, Brazil; (V.I.A.M.); (M.P.T.S.); (M.F.d.S.); (A.D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-53-3309-2400
| | - Diego Garcia Bassani
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Vanessa Iribarrem Avena Miranda
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas 96020-220, RS, Brazil; (V.I.A.M.); (M.P.T.S.); (M.F.d.S.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Marysabel Pinto Telis Silveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas 96020-220, RS, Brazil; (V.I.A.M.); (M.P.T.S.); (M.F.d.S.); (A.D.B.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Travessa André Dreyfus, s/n, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Sotero Serrate Mengue
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Porto Alegre, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Sala 203, Porto Alegre 96020-000, RS, Brazil; (S.S.M.); (T.d.S.D.P.)
| | - Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Porto Alegre, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Sala 203, Porto Alegre 96020-000, RS, Brazil; (S.S.M.); (T.d.S.D.P.)
| | - Mariângela Freitas da Silveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas 96020-220, RS, Brazil; (V.I.A.M.); (M.P.T.S.); (M.F.d.S.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas 96020-220, RS, Brazil; (V.I.A.M.); (M.P.T.S.); (M.F.d.S.); (A.D.B.)
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15
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Haga SB. Pharmacogenomic Testing In Pediatrics: Navigating The Ethical, Social, And Legal Challenges. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:273-285. [PMID: 31686893 PMCID: PMC6800463 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s179172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For the past several years, the implementation of pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing has become widespread in several centers and clinical practice settings. PGx testing may be ordered at the point-of-care when treatment is needed or in advance of treatment for future use. The potential benefits of PGx testing are not limited to adult patients, as children are increasingly using medications more often and at earlier ages. This review provides some background on the use of PGx testing in children as well as mothers (prenatally and post-natally) and discusses the challenges, benefits, and the ethical, legal, and social implications of providing PGx testing to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne B Haga
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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16
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Moroni S, Marson ME, Moscatelli G, Mastrantonio G, Bisio M, Gonzalez N, Ballering G, Altcheh J, García-Bournissen F. Negligible exposure to nifurtimox through breast milk during maternal treatment for Chagas Disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007647. [PMID: 31415566 PMCID: PMC6711540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with nifurtimox (NF) for Chagas disease is discouraged during breast-feeding because no information on NF transfer into breast milk is available. NF is safe and effective for paediatric and adult Chagas disease. We evaluated the degree of NF transfer into breast milk in lactating women with Chagas disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective study of a cohort of lactating women with Chagas disease. Patients were treated with NF for 1 month. NF was measured in plasma and milk by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Breastfed infants were evaluated at admission, 7th and 30th day of treatment (and monthly thereafter, for 6 months). RESULTS Lactating women with chronic Chagas disease (N = 10) were enrolled (median age 28 years, range 17-36). Median NF dose was 9.75 mg/kg/day three times a day (TID). Six mothers had mild adverse drug reactions (ADRs), but no ADRs were observed in any of the breastfed infants. No interruption of breastfeeding was observed. Median NF concentrations were 2.15 mg/L (Inter quartil range (IQR) 1.32-4.55) in milk and 0.30 mg/L (IQR 0.20-0.95) in plasma. Median NF milk/plasma ratio was 16 (range 8.75-30.25). Median relative infant NF dose (assuming a daily breastmilk intake of 150 mL/kg/day) was 6.7% of the maternal dose/kg/day (IQR 2.35-7.19%). CONCLUSIONS The low concentrations of NF in breast milk and the normal clinical evaluation of the breastfed babies imply that maternal NF treatment for Chagas disease during breastfeeding is unlikely to lead to clinically relevant exposures in the breastfed infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registry name and registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01744405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Moroni
- Parasitology and Chagas Service, Buenos Aires Children´s Hospital “Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez”, Multidisciplinary Institute for Research in Pediatric Diseases (IMIPP), Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Maria Elena Marson
- Toxicology Area, Biological Sciences Department / PlaPiMu-LaSeISiC, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- PlaPiMu–LaSeISiC, Buenos Aires Committee for Scientific Research, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Moscatelli
- Parasitology and Chagas Service, Buenos Aires Children´s Hospital “Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez”, Multidisciplinary Institute for Research in Pediatric Diseases (IMIPP), Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Guido Mastrantonio
- Toxicology Area, Biological Sciences Department / PlaPiMu-LaSeISiC, Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- PlaPiMu–LaSeISiC, Buenos Aires Committee for Scientific Research, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margarita Bisio
- Parasitology and Chagas Service, Buenos Aires Children´s Hospital “Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez”, Multidisciplinary Institute for Research in Pediatric Diseases (IMIPP), Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Nicolas Gonzalez
- Parasitology and Chagas Service, Buenos Aires Children´s Hospital “Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez”, Multidisciplinary Institute for Research in Pediatric Diseases (IMIPP), Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Griselda Ballering
- Parasitology and Chagas Service, Buenos Aires Children´s Hospital “Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez”, Multidisciplinary Institute for Research in Pediatric Diseases (IMIPP), Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Jaime Altcheh
- Parasitology and Chagas Service, Buenos Aires Children´s Hospital “Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez”, Multidisciplinary Institute for Research in Pediatric Diseases (IMIPP), Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Facundo García-Bournissen
- Parasitology and Chagas Service, Buenos Aires Children´s Hospital “Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez”, Multidisciplinary Institute for Research in Pediatric Diseases (IMIPP), Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires Argentina
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Fawcett EJ, Fairbrother N, Cox ML, White IR, Fawcett JM. The Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Multivariate Bayesian Meta-Analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2019; 80:18r12527. [PMID: 31347796 PMCID: PMC6839961 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.18r12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of anxiety disorders in pregnant and postpartum women and identify predictors accounting for variability across estimates. DATA SOURCES An electronic search of PsycINFO and PubMed was conducted from inception until July 2016, without date or language restrictions, and supplemented by articles referenced in the obtained sources. A Boolean search phrase utilized a combination of keywords related to pregnancy, postpartum, prevalence, and specific anxiety disorders. STUDY SELECTION Articles reporting the prevalence of 1 or more of 8 common anxiety disorders in pregnant or postpartum women were included. A total of 2,613 records were retrieved, with 26 studies ultimately included. DATA EXTRACTION Anxiety disorder prevalence and potential predictor variables (eg, parity) were extracted from each study. A Bayesian multivariate modeling approach estimated the prevalence and between-study heterogeneity of each disorder and the prevalence of having 1 or more anxiety disorder. RESULTS Individual disorder prevalence estimates ranged from 1.1% for posttraumatic stress disorder to 4.8% for specific phobia, with the prevalence of having at least 1 or more anxiety disorder estimated to be 20.7% (95% highest density interval [16.7% to 25.4%]). Substantial between-study heterogeneity was observed, suggesting that "true" prevalence varies broadly across samples. There was evidence of a small (3.1%) tendency for pregnant women to be more susceptible to anxiety disorders than postpartum women. CONCLUSIONS Peripartum anxiety disorders are more prevalent than previously thought, with 1 in 5 women in a typical sample meeting diagnostic criteria for at least 1 disorder. These findings highlight the need for anxiety screening, education, and referral in obstetrics and gynecology settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Fawcett
- Student Wellness and Counselling Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Nichole Fairbrother
- Department of Psychiatry / Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan L. Cox
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian R. White
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Fawcett
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
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18
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Dogruluk AA. Pharmacologic Management of Common Ailments in Women Who Are Breastfeeding. J Midwifery Womens Health 2019; 64:703-712. [PMID: 31287225 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the rate of breastfeeding in the United States has increased 34% between 2005 and 2015. Women who breastfeed can require treatment of various common illnesses. When caring for women who are breastfeeding, health care providers may unnecessarily discourage them from breastfeeding during treatment. Choosing the appropriate medications for these individuals is critical to ensure the woman is effectively treated, infant exposure to medication is minimized, and the breastfeeding relationship is preserved. This article provides an overview of essential principles for prescribing medications for women who are lactating. Recommendations for the management of common illnesses seen in the outpatient setting are suggested and resources that can help guide therapeutic decision making are offered.
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Raminelli M, Hahn SR. [Medications in breastfeeding: what evidence is there?]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:573-587. [PMID: 30726389 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018242.30052016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding plays a fundamental role in the benefits for the health of the newborn child and the nursing mother. The use of medications during breastfeeding is a relevant issue, by virtue of the frequent need for pharmacological treatment in the postpartum period. The scope of this article was to conduct a review of the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of medications used during the breastfeeding period. A search was conducted in the PubMed (National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) databases for articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish in the period from 1981 to 2016. This review discusses the risk of the use of medications during lactation and the effects that they may have on the breastfed infant. Few medications are contraindicated and others require care due the risk of adverse effects on breastfed infants or in the suppression of breast milk volume. Therefore, the dissemination of updated information for the health professional to adequately assess the risks and the benefits of the use of medications during breastfeeding is of vital importance, thereby contributing to avoid early weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Raminelli
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade de Passo Fundo. Br 285 Km 171 Campus I, São José. 99052-900 Passo Fundo RS Brasil.
| | - Siomara Regina Hahn
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade de Passo Fundo. Br 285 Km 171 Campus I, São José. 99052-900 Passo Fundo RS Brasil.
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20
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Pizzol TDSD, Moraes CG, Diello MV, Campos PM, Pletsch JT, Giugliani C. Uso de medicamentos antidepressivos na amamentação: avaliação da conformidade das bulas com fontes bibliográficas baseadas em evidências científicas. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00041018. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar a conformidade entre as recomendações de uso de medicamentos antidepressivos durante a amamentação, presentes em bulas, e as recomendações de fontes bibliográficas baseadas em evidências científicas. Foram avaliadas as bulas padrão de 23 antidepressivos com registro ativo no Brasil. A presença de contraindicação do uso do antidepressivo durante a amamentação foi comparada com as informações presentes no manual técnico do Ministério da Saúde, no livro Medications and Mothers’ Milk e nas bases de dados LactMed, Micromedex e UpToDate. Na maioria das bulas (62,5%), o antidepressivo é contraindicado na amamentação. Entre as fontes bibliográficas, esse percentual variou de 0% a 25%. O estudo aponta para baixa conformidade entre bulas e fontes bibliográficas, alertando sobre a necessidade de revisão do conteúdo e forma de apresentação das informações presentes nas bulas dos antidepressivos no Brasil.
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21
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Zhao Y, Ding A, Arya R, Patel JP. Factors influencing the recruitment of lactating women in a clinical trial involving direct oral anticoagulants: a qualitative study. Int J Clin Pharm 2018; 40:1511-1518. [PMID: 30306454 PMCID: PMC6280865 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-018-0734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Robust human data on medication use during lactation is scarce. With increasing medication use in postpartum women, it is important to conduct clinical lactation studies measuring the excretion of drugs in human milk and generate evidence. We plan to conduct a clinical lactation study, involving the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Objective This study aimed to identify factors influencing lactating women's clinical trial participation and to improve the design of a proposed DOACs clinical lactation study. Setting Lactating women in London, UK. Methods Three focus groups were conducted in lactating women with differing experiences of being prescribed anticoagulants during puerperium. Main outcome measures Thematic framework approach was used to analyse and identify key themes, using NVivo version 11. Results Eight breastfeeding mothers participated. Women's decision-making on clinical trial participation was largely influenced by the lactation stage and previous breastfeeding experience. The concern of harm to their infant caused by the test medication or interruption of lactation were the predominant barriers to potential participation. Around 6 months following the birth of their infant and second-time mothers appeared to be more amenable to clinical trial participation. The provision of home visits for the execution of the study was highly recommended. Conclusion Our findings suggest that lactating women would participate in a clinical trial during the breastfeeding period, if the timing is right and if the woman is an experienced mother. Home visits will be provided in our proposed DOACs clinical lactation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 5th Floor Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
- King's Thrombosis Centre, Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Amally Ding
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 5th Floor Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Roopen Arya
- King's Thrombosis Centre, Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jignesh P Patel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 5th Floor Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- King's Thrombosis Centre, Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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22
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Terres NM. Resources for Psychiatric Clinicians Working With Breastfeeding Mothers. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2018; 56:37-46. [PMID: 29667697 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20180329-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In today's health care-focused climate, in which encouraging breastfeeding is part of national and international health care initiatives, clinicians in any field should have resources available for breastfeeding mothers. The current article provides information for psychiatric clinicians on how breastfeeding may affect women with psychiatric conditions, the type of lactation counselor likely to be best prepared to collaborate with psychiatric clinicians, and resources available regarding maternal psychiatric medications safe for breastfeeding infants. These resources can assist informed choices that support the mother's breastfeeding goals while providing the psychological care the nursing mother requires. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56(8),37-46.].
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Kronenfeld N, Berlin M, Shaniv D, Berkovitch M. Use of Psychotropic Medications in Breastfeeding Women. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:957-997. [PMID: 28714610 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding women who are prescribed with psychotropic medications on a regular basis are often concerned, regarding the possible implications of such treatment on the breastfed infant. A mother's well-being has a direct influence on the well-being of the baby. However, the notorious reputation of psychotropic medications may lead to suboptimal prescribing by the physician and poor adherence by the mother. METHODS A PubMed search (from 1976 through February 2017) was conducted for commonly used psychotropic drug classes, as well as individual medications commonly prescribed in these classes, along with the MeSH terms "breastfeeding"/"lactation". In each case, we chose studies that describe the pharmacokinetics of passage into breast milk and/or adverse effects in breastfed infants. RESULTS No large-scale controlled studies regarding the safety of psychotropic medications in breastfeeding mothers were reported. Based on case reports and small studies, most psychotropic medications produce low milk levels and low plasma levels in the infant, while serious adverse effects in the breastfed infant are rarely reported. Safety data for some psychotropic medications are still unavailable. CONCLUSION According to the data available in the literature to date, most psychotropic medications are expected to produce low levels in breast milk with no clinical importance. Nevertheless, an individual risk-benefit assessment of a proposed treatment should always be performed, as inter-individual differences may have a substantial effect on the breastfeeding infant's response to the treatment. Further studies and additional objective data are needed to consolidate and improve our current knowledge of psychopharmacotherapy in breastfeeding women. Birth Defects Research 109:957-997, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Kronenfeld
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.,Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Berlin
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dotan Shaniv
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Matitiahu Berkovitch
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
When addressing the compatibility of breastfeeding with certain maternal conditions, we need to differentiate between "contraindication" and "obstacle." Failure to distinguish between the two confuses new mothers and their families, and engenders misconceptions about breastfeeding advice by health professionals. Health conditions that may simply impede the initiation and duration of breastfeeding are often wrongly referred to as true contraindications to breastfeed, under the assumption that they might harm the health of the mother and/or that of the nursing infant. Here, we discuss several topics, including breast surgery, prolactinoma, concurrent new pregnancy, hormonal contraception, and use of medications and contrast agents, that continue to raise controversy. While most conditions appear to be compatible with breastfeeding, the major determinants of a woman's final choice of whether to nurse her infant or not are the attitude of health professionals and the state of mind of being an informed mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Davanzo
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Department of Mother and Child Health, Ospedale Madonna delle Grazie, Matera, Italy.,Task Force on Breastfeeding, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
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25
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Abstract
Postpartum psychiatric disorders represent a significant public health problem that has not been readily addressed, particularly in the primary care setting. As maternal mood and anxiety difficulties are associated with a number of adverse outcomes for the mother, her offspring and the family system, addressing these concerns during the perinatal period is of critical importance. Although researchers and clinicians have become increasingly aware of the problem, postpartum mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) remain widely unrecognized and poorly understood by both patients and providers. As pediatric primary care providers encounter mothers repeatedly throughout the postpartum period, the pediatric clinician has the unique opportunity to intervene with mothers suffering from mental illness. Given the potentially devastating impact of PMADs across multiple domains, the purpose of this article is to provide guidelines for pediatric clinicians to better manage maternal mental illness within the primary care pediatric setting. As such, we review the categories and prevalence of PMADs and provide strategies for responding to a positive PMADs screen or concerns raised during surveillance of the mother-infant-dyad. In addition, we offer a summary of the literature on evidence-based treatments for PMADs to allow pediatricians to guide the parents of their patients towards the most effective interventions. Finally, we provide an overview of alternative treatment models that can facilitate the screening and treatment of behavioral health concerns within the primary care setting.
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Clowse ME, Förger F, Hwang C, Thorp J, Dolhain RJ, van Tubergen A, Shaughnessy L, Simpson J, Teil M, Toublanc N, Wang M, Hale TW. Minimal to no transfer of certolizumab pegol into breast milk: results from CRADLE, a prospective, postmarketing, multicentre, pharmacokinetic study. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1890-1896. [PMID: 28814432 PMCID: PMC5705850 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Women with chronic inflammatory diseases face uncertainty regarding the safety of biologics during breast feeding. CRADLE was the first industry-sponsored study to evaluate certolizumab pegol (CZP) concentrations in human breast milk and estimate average daily infant dose (ADID) of maternal CZP. Methods CRADLE (NCT02154425) was a pharmacokinetic study of lactating mothers receiving CZP. After ≥3 CZP doses, breast milk samples were collected across one dosing period (14 days for 200 mg every 2 weeks [Q2W]; 28 days for 400 mg every 4 weeks [Q4W]). Optimal analytical methods were developed to determine CZP and polyethylene glycol (PEG) levels in breast milk. ADID and relative infant dose (RID) were estimated. Safety events in mothers and infants were assessed. Results 19 CZP-treated mothers were screened; 17 entered the sampling period: 16 on 200 mg Q2W, 1 on 400 mg Q4W. 77/137 (56%) breast milk samples had no measurable CZP. For 4/17 mothers, all samples were below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). Estimated ADID was 0–0.0104 mg/kg/day; median RID: 0.15%. PEG was undetectable in 134/137 samples (results could not be determined in three samples). Infants of CZP-exposed mothers had a safety profile consistent with that of unexposed similar-age infants. Conclusion When quantifiable, CZP concentrations were <3× LLOQ (<1% plasma concentration observed with therapeutic dose), indicating no/minimal CZP transfer from plasma to breast milk. RID was 0.15% of maternal dose; <10% is considered unlikely to be of clinical concern. No PEG transfer was observed. CZP absorption by infants via breast milk is unlikely due to its low oral bioavailability and Fc-free molecular structure. These findings are reassuring and support continuation of CZP treatment during breast feeding. Trial registration number NCT02154425; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Eb Clowse
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frauke Förger
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology and Allergology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - John Thorp
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas W Hale
- Texas Tech University School of Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, USA
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Wang J, Johnson T, Sahin L, Tassinari MS, Anderson PO, Baker TE, Bucci-Rechtweg C, Burckart GJ, Chambers CD, Hale TW, Johnson-Lyles D, Nelson RM, Nguyen C, Pica-Branco D, Ren Z, Sachs H, Sauberan J, Zajicek A, Ito S, Yao LP. Evaluation of the Safety of Drugs and Biological Products Used During Lactation: Workshop Summary. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 101:736-744. [PMID: 28510297 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This report serves as a summary of a 2-day public workshop sponsored by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to discuss the safety of drugs and biological products used during lactation. The aim of the workshop was to provide a forum to discuss the collection of data to inform the potential risks to breastfed infants with maternal use of medications during lactation. Discussions included the review of current approaches to collect data on medications used during lactation, and the considerations for future approaches to design and guide clinical lactation studies. This workshop is part of continuing efforts to raise the awareness of the public for women who choose to breastfeed their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Division of Pediatric and Maternal Health, Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - L Sahin
- Division of Pediatric and Maternal Health, Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - M S Tassinari
- Division of Pediatric and Maternal Health, Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - P O Anderson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - T E Baker
- Infantrisk Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Amarillo, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - C Bucci-Rechtweg
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - G J Burckart
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - C D Chambers
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - T W Hale
- Infantrisk Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Amarillo, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - D Johnson-Lyles
- Division of Pediatric and Maternal Health, Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - R M Nelson
- Office of Pediatric Therapeutics, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - C Nguyen
- Division of Bone, Reproductive, and Urologic Products, Office of Drug Evaluation III, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - D Pica-Branco
- Division of Pediatric and Maternal Health, Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Z Ren
- Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - H Sachs
- Division of Pediatric and Maternal Health, Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - J Sauberan
- Neonatal Research Institute, Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women and Newborns, San Diego, California, USA
| | - A Zajicek
- Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - S Ito
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L P Yao
- Division of Pediatric and Maternal Health, Office of Drug Evaluation IV, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Mood stabilizers and antipsychotics during breastfeeding: Focus on bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1562-78. [PMID: 27568278 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast milk is considered the best source of nutrients and provides much better protection than immune modified milk. However, the postpartum period is a phase of increased risk for all women to experience psychiatric symptoms and recurrences or new episodes of bipolar disorder (BD), especially in those who have discontinued treatment. This is a systematic review of the risks and benefits of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics during breastfeeding as they relate to the health and well-being of mothers and their infants. Evidence-based treatment advice for women with BD during lactation is also provided. This systematic review has been conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. We included studies examining the exposure and the effects of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers used to treat BD on infants during breastfeeding clearly reporting the estimated amount of drug or effects on infants. The final selection included 56 studies. The available data supports the use of lithium as a possible treatment option during breastfeeding. Carbamazepine and valproic acid are also considered relatively safe. Lamotrigine can be used but at the lowest doses and considered for individual cases. Among the antipsychotics, quetiapine and olanzapine should be considered as first-line treatment options. Risperidone may be compatible with breastfeeding under medical supervision. Clozapine and amisulpiride are currently contraindicated. Long-term outcome studies evaluating the infant׳s health and psychosocial and cognitive functioning are needed.
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Salazar FR, D’Avila FB, de Oliveira MH, Ferreira PL, Bergold AM. Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for five antidepressants in human milk by LC–MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:502-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lamon AM, Habib AS. Managing anesthesia for cesarean section in obese patients: current perspectives. Local Reg Anesth 2016; 9:45-57. [PMID: 27574464 PMCID: PMC4993564 DOI: 10.2147/lra.s64279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. It is associated with increased comorbidities and increased maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications. The risk of cesarean delivery is also increased in obese parturients. Anesthetic management of the obese parturient is challenging and requires adequate planning. Therefore, those patients should be referred to antenatal anesthetic consultation. Anesthesia-related complications and maternal mortality are increased in this patient population. The risk of difficult intubation is increased in obese patients. Neuraxial techniques are the preferred anesthetic techniques for cesarean delivery in obese parturients but can be technically challenging. An existing labor epidural catheter can be topped up for cesarean delivery. In patients who do not have a well-functioning labor epidural, a combined spinal epidural technique might be preferred over a single-shot spinal technique since it is technically easier in obese parturients and allows for extending the duration of the block as required. A continuous spinal technique can also be considered. Studies suggest that there is no need to reduce the dose of spinal bupivacaine in the obese parturient, but there is little data about spinal dosing in super obese parturients. Intraoperatively, patients should be placed in a ramped position, with close monitoring of ventilation and hemodynamic status. Adequate postoperative analgesia is crucial to allow for early mobilization. This can be achieved using a multimodal regimen incorporating neuraxial morphine (with appropriate observations) with scheduled nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen. Thromboprophylaxis is also important in this patient population due to the increased risk of thromboembolic complications. These patients should be monitored carefully in the postoperative period, since there is increased risk of postoperative complications in the morbidly obese parturients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes M Lamon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashraf S Habib
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Bioanalytical challenge: A review of environmental and pharmaceuticals contaminants in human milk. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:318-325. [PMID: 27372148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An overview of bioanalytical methods for the determination of environmental and pharmaceutical contaminants in human milk is presented. The exposure of children to these contaminants through lactation has been widely investigated. The human milk contains diverse proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and the concentration of these components is drastically altered during the lactation period providing a high degree of an analytical challenge. Sample collection and pretreatment are still considered the Achilles' heel. This review presents liquid chromatographic methods developed in the last 10 years for this complex matrix with focuses in the extraction and quantification steps. Green sample preparation protocols have been emphasized.
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Calvaresi V, Escuder D, Minutillo A, Bastons-Compta A, García-Algar O, Pallás Alonso CR, Pacifici R, Pichini S. Transfer of Nicotine, Cotinine and Caffeine Into Breast Milk in a Smoker Mother Consuming Caffeinated Drinks. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:473-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Davanzo R, Bua J, De Cunto A, Farina ML, De Ponti F, Clavenna A, Mandrella S, Sagone A, Clementi M. Advising Mothers on the Use of Medications during Breastfeeding: A Need for a Positive Attitude. J Hum Lact 2016; 32:15-9. [PMID: 26173811 DOI: 10.1177/0890334415595513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of medications by the nursing mother is a common reason for interrupting breastfeeding. Few drugs have been demonstrated to be absolutely contraindicated during breastfeeding. Excessive caution may lead health professionals to unnecessarily advise to interrupt breastfeeding, without assessing the latest evidence or considering the risk-benefit ratio of taking a medication versus terminating breastfeeding. To foster an appropriate approach toward the use of medications in breastfeeding women, the Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine created the following policy statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Davanzo
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | - Jenny Bua
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | - Angela De Cunto
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio De Ponti
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Clavenna
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Clementi
- Teratology Information Service-Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Marchesi C, Ossola P, Amerio A, Daniel BD, Tonna M, De Panfilis C. Clinical management of perinatal anxiety disorders: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:543-550. [PMID: 26571104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in anxiety disorders (AnxD) in the perinatal period. Although AnxD are diagnosed in 4-39% of pregnant women and in up to 16% of women after delivery, evidence on their clinical management is limited. METHODS A systematic review was conducted on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of AnxD in the perinatal period. Relevant papers published from January 1st 2015 were identified searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS 18 articles met inclusion criteria. Selected studies supported the use of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD) and specific phobia both in pregnancy and postpartum. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) led to significant OCD and PD improvement both in pregnancy and postpartum with no side effects for the babies. In the largest clinical sample to date, 65% of postpartum patients who entered the open-label trial of fluvoxamine (up to 300mg/day) experienced a 30% or greater decrease in the total score of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). During pregnancy, SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) led to remission of panic symptoms and healthy outcomes for the babies. LIMITATIONS Study design, mostly case reports, and enrolment of subjects mainly from outpatient specialty units might have limited community-wide generalisability. CONCLUSIONS Keeping in mind the scantiness and heterogeneity of the available literature, the best interpretation of the available evidence appears to be that CBT should be the first treatment offered to pregnant and breastfeeding women with AnxD. However SSRIs can represent a first line treatment strategy, and not exclusively in cases where AnxD is refractory to CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marchesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Treatment of Affective Disorders in Perinatal Period Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Mental Health, Local Healthy Service of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - P Ossola
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - A Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Mood Disorders Program, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - B D Daniel
- Treatment of Affective Disorders in Perinatal Period Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Mental Health, Local Healthy Service of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - M Tonna
- Department of Mental Health, Local Healthy Service of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - C De Panfilis
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Treatment of Affective Disorders in Perinatal Period Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Mental Health, Local Healthy Service of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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