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Okafor CD, Colucci JK, Ortlund EA. Ligand-Induced Allosteric Effects Governing SR Signaling. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.32527/2019/101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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2
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Qin W, Xie M, Qin X, Fang Q, Yin F, Li Z. Recent advances in peptidomimetics antagonists targeting estrogen receptor α-coactivator interaction in cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2827-2836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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Xie M, Zhao H, Liu Q, Zhu Y, Yin F, Liang Y, Jiang Y, Wang D, Hu K, Qin X, Wang Z, Wu Y, Xu N, Ye X, Wang T, Li Z. Structural Basis of Inhibition of ERα-Coactivator Interaction by High-Affinity N-Terminus Isoaspartic Acid Tethered Helical Peptides. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8731-8740. [PMID: 29045135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct inhibition of the protein-protein interaction of ERα and its endogenous coactivators with a cell permeable stabilized peptide may offer a novel, promising strategy for combating ERα positive breast cancers. Here, we report the co-crystal structure of a helical peptide stabilized by a N-terminal unnatural cross-linked aspartic acid (TD) in complex with the ERα ligand binding domain (LBD). We designed a series of peptides and peptide 6 that showed direct and high-affinity binding to ERα with selective antiproliferative activity in ERα positive breast cancer cells. The co-crystal structure of the TD-stabilized peptide 6 in complex with ERα LBD further demonstrates that it forms an α helical conformation and directly binds at the coactivator binding site of ERα. Further studies showed that peptide 6W could potently inhibit cellular ERα's transcriptional activity. This approach demonstrates the potential of TD stabilized peptides to modulate various intracellular protein-protein interactions involved in a range of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Xie
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qisong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen , Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yujia Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Yin
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanhong Jiang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dongyuan Wang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kuan Hu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zichen Wang
- Shenzhen Middle School , Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Naihan Xu
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiyang Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen People's Hospital , Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zigang Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Zhao H, Liu QS, Geng H, Tian Y, Cheng M, Jiang YH, Xie MS, Niu XG, Jiang F, Zhang YO, Lao YZ, Wu YD, Xu NH, Li ZG. Crosslinked Aspartic Acids as Helix-Nucleating Templates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12088-93. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qi-Song Liu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Tissue Engineering; The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; Shenzhen 518035 China
| | - Hao Geng
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Min Cheng
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology; Division of Life Science; Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yan-Hong Jiang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiao-Gang Niu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Fan Jiang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ya-Ou Zhang
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology; Division of Life Science; Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Lao
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Nai-Han Xu
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology; Division of Life Science; Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zi-Gang Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
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5
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Zhao H, Liu QS, Geng H, Tian Y, Cheng M, Jiang YH, Xie MS, Niu XG, Jiang F, Zhang YO, Lao YZ, Wu YD, Xu NH, Li ZG. Crosslinked Aspartic Acids as Helix-Nucleating Templates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qi-Song Liu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Tissue Engineering; The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; Shenzhen 518035 China
| | - Hao Geng
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Min Cheng
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology; Division of Life Science; Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yan-Hong Jiang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiao-Gang Niu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Fan Jiang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ya-Ou Zhang
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology; Division of Life Science; Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Lao
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Nai-Han Xu
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology; Division of Life Science; Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zi-Gang Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
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6
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Androgen receptor: structure, role in prostate cancer and drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:3-23. [PMID: 24909511 PMCID: PMC4571323 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptors (AR) play a pivotal role in expression of the male phenotype. Several diseases, such as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and prostate cancer, are associated with alterations in AR functions. Indeed, androgen blockade by drugs that prevent the production of androgens and/or block the action of the AR inhibits prostate cancer growth. However, resistance to these drugs often occurs after 2–3 years as the patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In CRPC, a functional AR remains a key regulator. Early studies focused on the functional domains of the AR and its crucial role in the pathology. The elucidation of the structures of the AR DNA binding domain (DBD) and ligand binding domain (LBD) provides a new framework for understanding the functions of this receptor and leads to the development of rational drug design for the treatment of prostate cancer. An overview of androgen receptor structure and activity, its actions in prostate cancer, and how structural information and high-throughput screening have been or can be used for drug discovery are provided herein.
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Constraining cyclic peptides to mimic protein structure motifs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13020-41. [PMID: 25287434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins exert their biological activities through small exposed surface regions called epitopes that are folded peptides of well-defined three-dimensional structures. Short synthetic peptide sequences corresponding to these bioactive protein surfaces do not form thermodynamically stable protein-like structures in water. However, short peptides can be induced to fold into protein-like bioactive conformations (strands, helices, turns) by cyclization, in conjunction with the use of other molecular constraints, that helps to fine-tune three-dimensional structure. Such constrained cyclic peptides can have protein-like biological activities and potencies, enabling their uses as biological probes and leads to therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines. This Review highlights examples of cyclic peptides that mimic three-dimensional structures of strand, turn or helical segments of peptides and proteins, and identifies some additional restraints incorporated into natural product cyclic peptides and synthetic macrocyclic peptidomimetics that refine peptide structure and confer biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 (Australia)
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8
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Fixierung cyclischer Peptide: Mimetika von Proteinstrukturmotiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Fuchs S, Nguyen HD, Phan TTP, Burton MF, Nieto L, de Vries-van Leeuwen IJ, Schmidt A, Goodarzifard M, Agten SM, Rose R, Ottmann C, Milroy LG, Brunsveld L. Proline primed helix length as a modulator of the nuclear receptor-coactivator interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4364-71. [PMID: 23437920 DOI: 10.1021/ja311748r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor binding to coactivator proteins is an obligate first step in the regulation of gene transcription. Nuclear receptors preferentially bind to an LXXLL peptide motif which is highly conserved throughout the 300 or so natural coactivator proteins. This knowledge has shaped current understanding of this fundamental protein-protein interaction, and continues to inspire the search for new drug therapies. However, sequence specificity beyond the LXXLL motif and the molecular functioning of flanking residues still requires urgent addressing. Here, ribosome display has been used to reassess the estrogen receptor for new and enlarged peptide recognition motifs, leading to the discovery of a potent and highly evolved PXLXXLLXXP binding consensus. Molecular modeling and X-ray crystallography studies have provided the molecular insights on the role of the flanking prolines in priming the length of the α-helix and enabling optimal interactions of the α-helix dipole and its surrounding amino acids with the surface charge clamp and the receptor activation function 2. These findings represent new structural parameters for modulating the nuclear receptor-coactivator interaction based on linear sequences of proteinogenic amino acids and for the design of chemically modified inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Fuchs
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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10
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Phillips C, Roberts LR, Schade M, Bazin R, Bent A, Davies NL, Moore R, Pannifer AD, Pickford AR, Prior SH, Read CM, Scott A, Brown DG, Xu B, Irving SL. Design and structure of stapled peptides binding to estrogen receptors. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9696-9. [PMID: 21612236 DOI: 10.1021/ja202946k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic peptides that specifically bind nuclear hormone receptors offer an alternative approach to small molecules for the modulation of receptor signaling and subsequent gene expression. Here we describe the design of a series of novel stapled peptides that bind the coactivator peptide site of estrogen receptors. Using a number of biophysical techniques, including crystal structure analysis of receptor-stapled peptide complexes, we describe in detail the molecular interactions and demonstrate that all-hydrocarbon staples modulate molecular recognition events. The findings have implications for the design of stapled peptides in general.
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11
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Göksel H, Wasserberg D, Möcklinghoff S, Araujo BV, Brunsveld L. An on-bead assay for the identification of non-natural peptides targeting the androgen receptor-cofactor interaction. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:306-11. [PMID: 21129976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid on-bead screening method was established to identify non-natural peptides that target the Androgen Receptor-cofactor interaction. Binding of the Androgen Receptor ligand binding domain to peptide sequences displayed on beads in a One-Bead-One-Compound format could be screened using fluorescence microscopy. The method was applied to generate and screen both a focussed and a random peptide library. Resynthesis of the peptide hits allowed for the verification of the affinity of the selected peptides for the Androgen Receptor in a competitive fluorescence polarization assay. For both libraries strong Androgen Receptor binding peptides were found, both with non-natural and natural amino acids. The peptides identified with natural amino acids showed great similarity in terms of preferred amino acid sequence with peptides previously isolated from biological screens, thus validating the screening approach. The non-natural peptides featured important novel chemical transformations on the relevant hydrophobic amino acid positions interacting with the Androgen Receptor. This screening approach expands the molecular diversity of peptide inhibitors for nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Göksel
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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12
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Phan T, Nguyen HD, Göksel H, Möcklinghoff S, Brunsveld L. Phage display selection of miniprotein binders of the Estrogen Receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8207-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02727h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Moore TW, Mayne CG, Katzenellenbogen JA. Minireview: Not picking pockets: nuclear receptor alternate-site modulators (NRAMs). Mol Endocrinol 2009; 24:683-95. [PMID: 19933380 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their central importance in gene regulation and mediating the actions of many hormones, the nuclear receptors (NRs) have long been recognized as very important biological and pharmaceutical targets. Of all the surfaces available on a given NR, the singular site for regulation of receptor activity has almost invariably been the ligand-binding pocket of the receptor, the site where agonists, antagonists, and selective NR modulators interact. With our increasing understanding of the multiple molecular components involved in NR action, researchers have recently begun to look to additional interaction sites on NRs for regulating their activities by novel mechanisms. The alternate NR-associated interaction sites that have been targeted include the coactivator-binding groove and allosteric sites in the ligand-binding domain, the zinc fingers of the DNA-binding domain, and the NR response element in DNA. The studies thus far have been performed with the estrogen receptors, the androgen receptor (AR), the thyroid hormone receptors, and the pregnane X receptor. Phenotypic and conformation-based screens have also identified small molecule modulators that are believed to function through the NRs but have, as yet, unknown sites and mechanisms of action. The rewards from investigation of these NR alternate-site modulators should be the discovery of new therapeutic approaches and novel agents for regulating the activities of these important NR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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14
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Carraz M, Zwart W, Phan T, Michalides R, Brunsveld L. Perturbation of estrogen receptor alpha localization with synthetic nona-arginine LXXLL-peptide coactivator binding inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:702-11. [PMID: 19635407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) with the consensus LXXLL motifs of transcriptional coactivators provides an entry for functional ERalpha inhibition. Here, synthetic cell-permeable LXXLL peptide probes are brought forward that allow evaluation of the interaction of specific recognition motifs with ERalpha in the context of the cell. The probes feature a nona-arginine tag that facilitates cellular entry and induces probe localization in nucleoli. The nucleoli localization provides an explicit tool for evaluating the LXXLL motif interaction with ERalpha. The probes compete with coactivators, bind ERalpha, and recruit it into the nucleoli. The physical inhibition of the ERalpha-coactivator interaction by the probes is shown to be correlated with the inhibition of ERalpha-mediated gene transcription. This chemical biology approach allows evaluating the ERalpha-coactivator interaction and inhibitor binding directly in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Carraz
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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15
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Pan PS, Vasko RC, Lapera SA, Johnson VA, Sellers RP, Lin CC, Pan CM, Davis MR, Ardi VC, McAlpine SR. A comprehensive study of Sansalvamide A derivatives: The structure-activity relationships of 78 derivatives in two pancreatic cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5806-25. [PMID: 19643615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report an extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 78 compounds active against two pancreatic cancer cell lines. Our comprehensive evaluation of these compounds utilizes SAR that allow us to evaluate which features of potent compounds play a key role in their cytotoxicity. This is the first report of 19 new second-generation structures, where these new compounds were designed from the first generation of 59 compounds. These 78 structures were tested for their cytotoxicity and this is the first report of their activity against two pancreatic cancer cell lines. Our results show that out of 78 compounds, three compounds are worth pursuing as leads, as they show potency of 55% in both cancer cell lines. These three compounds all have a common structural motif, two consecutive d-amino acids and an N-methyl moiety. Further, of these three compounds, two are second-generation structures, indicating that we can incorporate and utilize data from the first generation to design potency into the second generation. Finally, one analog is in the mid nanomolar range, and has the lowest IC(50) of any reported San A derivative. These analogs share no structural homology to current pancreatic cancer drugs, and are cytotoxic at levels on par with existing drugs treating other cancers. Thus, we have established Sansalvamide A as an excellent lead for killing multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shen Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, CA 92182-1030, United States
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16
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Identification of novel oocyte and granulosa cell markers. Gene Expr Patterns 2009; 9:404-10. [PMID: 19539053 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we present novel gene expression patterns in the ovary as part of an ongoing assessment of published micro-array data from mouse oocytes and embryos. We present the expression patterns of 13 genes that had been determined by micro-array to be expressed in the mature egg, but not during subsequent preimplantation development. In-situ hybridization of sectioned ovaries revealed that these genes were expressed in one of two distinct patterns: (1) oocyte-specific or (2) expressed in both the oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells. Despite the fact that micro-array data demonstrated expression in the egg, several of these genes are expressed at low levels in the oocyte, but strongly expressed in granulosa cells. Eleven of these genes have no reported function or expression during oogenesis, indicating that this approach is a necessary step towards functional annotation of the genome. Also of note is that while some of these gene products have been well characterized in other tissues and cell types, others are relatively unstudied in the literature. Our results provide novel gene expression information that may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of follicular recruitment, oocyte maturation and ovulation and will direct further experimentation into the role these genes play during oogenesis.
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17
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Vaz B, Möcklinghoff S, Brunsveld L. Targeting the Nuclear Receptor–Cofactor Interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527623297.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Parent AA, Gunther JR, Katzenellenbogen JA. Blocking estrogen signaling after the hormone: pyrimidine-core inhibitors of estrogen receptor-coactivator binding. J Med Chem 2008; 51:6512-30. [PMID: 18785725 PMCID: PMC2680390 DOI: 10.1021/jm800698b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative approach to blocking estrogen action, we have developed small molecules that directly disrupt the key estrogen receptor (ER)/coactivator interaction necessary for gene activation. The more direct, protein-protein nature of this disruption might be effective even in hormone-refractory breast cancer. We have synthesized a pyrimidine-core library of moderate size, members of which act as alpha-helix mimics to block the ERalpha/coactivator interaction. Structure-activity relationships have been explored with various C-, N-, O-, and S-substituents on the pyrimidine core. Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and cell-based reporter gene assays show that the most active members inhibit the ERalpha/steroid receptor coactivator interaction with K i's in the low micromolar range. Through these studies, we have obtained a refined pharmacophore model for activity in this pyrimidine series. Furthermore, the favorable activities of several of these compounds support the feasibility that this coactivator binding inhibition mechanism for blocking estrogen action might provide a potential alternative approach to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Parent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jillian R. Gunther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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19
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LaFrate AL, Gunther JR, Carlson KE, Katzenellenbogen JA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of guanylhydrazone coactivator binding inhibitors for the estrogen receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:10075-84. [PMID: 18976929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with hormone-responsive breast cancer eventually develop resistance to traditional antiestrogens such as tamoxifen, and this has become a major obstacle in their treatment. We prepared and characterized the activity of a series of 16 guanylhydrazone small molecules that are designed to block estrogen receptor (ER) activity through a non-traditional mechanism, by directly interfering with coactivator binding to agonist-liganded ER. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was determined in cell-based transcription assays using ER-responsive reporter gene and mammalian two-hybrid assays. Several of the compounds gave IC(50) values in the low micromolar range. Two secondary assays were used to confirm that these compounds were acting through the proposed non-traditional mode of estrogen inhibitory action and not as conventional antagonists at the ligand binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L LaFrate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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20
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Becerril J, Hamilton AD. Helix mimetics as inhibitors of the interaction of the estrogen receptor with coactivator peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4471-3. [PMID: 17487924 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Becerril
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
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Molikova R, Bezdickova M, David O, Bebarova L. Huntington's disease and steroid hormone receptors. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2007; 151:53-7. [PMID: 17690740 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2007.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid hormone receptors constitute a special group of receptors having a wide range of efficiency and distribution in the body. Androgen and estrogen receptors, and their expression in the body, are linked with attributes such as reproduction control and sexual behaviour, but their relation with behavioural models, perception, memory and stress remain unclear to date. PURPOSE In this project we aim to focus on monitoring the expressive influence of steroid hormone receptors on embryonic tissues and subsequently, expand our study to include the expression on adult tissues such as the CNS and to monitor the developmental aspects and relations pertaining to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS We shall rely on immuno-histochemistry, immuno-fluorescence and RT-PCR methods for detecting steroid hormone receptors and Huntingtin-associated protein 1 in the embryonic and adult tissue. CONCLUSION Mapping the expression of steroid receptors during development represents an essential step in the quest for further studies and monitoring of the expression in adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Molikova
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Tai PJ, Huang YH, Shih CH, Chen RN, Chen CD, Chen WJ, Wang CS, Lin KH. Direct regulation of androgen receptor-associated protein 70 by thyroid hormone and its receptors. Endocrinology 2007; 148:3485-95. [PMID: 17412801 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) regulates multiple physiological processes during development, growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Most T3 actions are mediated via thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) that are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. The effects of T3 treatment on target gene regulation was previously examined in TRalpha1-overexpressing hepatoma cell lines (HepG2-TRalpha1). Androgen receptor (AR)-associated protein 70 (ARA70) was one gene found to be up-regulated by T3. The ARA70 is a ligand-dependent coactivator for the AR and was significantly increased by 4- to 5-fold after T3 treatment by Northern blot analyses in the HepG2-TRalpha1 stable cell line. T3 induced a 1- to 2-fold increase in the HepG2-TRbeta1 stable cell line. Both stable cell lines attained the highest fold expression after 24 h treatment with 10 nM T3. The ARA70 protein was increased up to 1.9-fold after T3 treatment in HepG2-TRalpha1 cells. Similar findings were obtained in thyroidectomized rats after T3 application. Cycloheximide treatment did not suppress induction of ARA70 transcription by T3, suggesting that this regulation is direct. A series of deletion mutants of ARA70 promoter fragments in pGL2 plasmid were generated to localize the thyroid hormone response element (TRE). The DNA fragments (-234/-190 or +56/+119) gave 1.55- or 2-fold enhanced promoter activity by T3. Thus, two TRE sites exist in the upstream-regulatory region of ARA70. The TR-TRE interaction was further confirmed with EMSAs. Additionally, ARA70 could interfere with TR/TRE complex formation. Therefore, the data indicated that ARA70 suppresses T3 signaling in a TRE-dependent manner. These experimental results suggest that T3 directly up-regulates ARA70 gene expression. Subsequently, ARA70 negatively regulates T3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Tai
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, and First Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 259 Wen-hwa 1 Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, Republic of China
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Becerril J, Hamilton A. Helix Mimetics as Inhibitors of the Interaction of the Estrogen Receptor with Coactivator Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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24
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Bai C, Flores O, Schmidt A. Opportunities for development of novel therapies targeting steroid hormone receptors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:725-37. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.5.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Wang S, Zhang C, Nordeen SK, Shapiro DJ. In vitro fluorescence anisotropy analysis of the interaction of full-length SRC1a with estrogen receptors alpha and beta supports an active displacement model for coregulator utilization. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:2765-75. [PMID: 17135255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607531200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of full-length P160 coactivators to hormone response element-steroid receptor complexes has been difficult to investigate in vitro. Here, we report a new application of our recently described fluorescence anisotropy microplate assay to investigate binding and dissociation of full-length steroid receptor coactivator-1a (SRC1a) from full-length estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) or estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) bound to a fluorescein-labeled (fl) estrogen response element (ERE). SRC1a exhibited slightly higher affinity binding to flERE.ERbeta than to flERE.ERalpha. Binding of SRC1a to flERE.ERalpha and to flERE.ERbeta was 17beta-estradiol (E2)-dependent and was nearly absent when ICI 182,780, raloxifene, or 4-hydroxytamoxifen were bound to the ERs. SRC1a binds to flERE.E2-ERalpha and flERE.E2-ERbeta complexes with a t1/2 of 15-20 s. Short LXXLL-containing nuclear receptor (NR) box peptides from P160 coactivators competed much better for SRC1a binding to flERE.E2-ER than an NR box peptide from TRAP220. However, approximately 40-250-fold molar excess of the P160 NR box peptides was required to inhibit SRC1a binding by 50%. This suggests that whereas the NR box region is a primary site of interaction between SRC1a and ERE.E2-ER, additional contacts between the coactivator and the ligand-receptor-DNA complex make substantial contributions to overall affinity. Increasing amounts of NR box peptides greatly enhanced the rate of dissociation of SRC1a from preformed flERE.E2-ER complexes. The data support a model in which coactivator exchange is facilitated by active displacement and is not simply the result of passive dissociation and replacement. It also shows that an isolated coactivator exhibits an inherent capacity for rapid exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3602, USA
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26
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Majmudar CY, Mapp AK. Chemical approaches to transcriptional regulation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2005; 9:467-74. [PMID: 16122970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Given the correlation between many human diseases and mis-regulated transcription, there is a growing need for molecules that can inhibit or mimic key interactions between transcriptional activators and their binding partners. Because transcriptional activators typically participate in many different protein-protein binding events, the identification of small molecules or peptides that specifically target individual interactions represents a significant challenge. In spite of this, several small molecules that preferentially inhibit particular complexes of transcriptional activators or mimic the function of activators have recently been reported. These molecules serve as excellent mechanistic tools for studying transcription and, further, have outstanding therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Y Majmudar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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27
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Koehler KF, Helguero LA, Haldosén LA, Warner M, Gustafsson JA. Reflections on the discovery and significance of estrogen receptor beta. Endocr Rev 2005; 26:465-78. [PMID: 15857973 DOI: 10.1210/er.2004-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have known for many years that estrogen is more than the female hormone. It is essential in the male gonads, and in both sexes, estrogen has functions in the skeleton and central nervous system, on behavior, and in the cardiovascular and immune systems. An important aspect of the discovery of estrogen receptor (ER) beta is that the diverse functions of estrogen can now be divided into those mediated by ERalpha and those mediated by ERbeta. Pharmacological exploitation of this division of the labors of estrogen is facilitated by the ligand-binding specificity and selective tissue distribution of the two ERs. Because the ligand binding domains of ERalpha and ERbeta are significantly different from each other, selective ligands can be (and have been) developed to target the estrogenic pathway that is malfunctioning, without interfering with the other estrogen-regulated pathways. Because of the absence of ERbeta from the adult pituitary and endometrium, ERbeta agonists can be used to target ERbeta with no risk of adverse effects from chemical castration and uterine cancer. Some of the diseases in which there is hope that ERbeta agonists will be of benefit are prostate cancer, autoimmune diseases, colon cancer, malignancies of the immune system, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad F Koehler
- Department of BioSciences and Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
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28
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Negi AS, Chaturvedi D, Gupta A, Ray S, Dwivedy A, Singh MM. Amide derivatives of 9,11-seco-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-11-oic acid as modified orally active estrogen agonists with moderate antagonistic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:99-102. [PMID: 15582419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of amide derivatives of 9,11-seco-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-11-oic acid containing alkyl and aromatic amine residues has been carried out with an aim to prepare orally active estrogen antagonists. Modification of the estradiol molecule in the form of C-seco-amide derivatives has led to their high oral absorption. Compounds 7 an n-propyl amide, 8 an n-butyl amide, and 16 a p-anisidyl amide of C-seco-estrane showed significant estrogen antagonistic activity (>20%), while, the majority of compounds possessed high estrogen agonistic activity on oral administration at 10mg/kg dose in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Singh Negi
- Phytochemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India
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McAlpine SR. Understanding diseases via receptor regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 11:157-8. [PMID: 15123276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, Guy and coworkers demonstrate that they can selectively recruit individual nuclear receptors by using small molecules (proteomimetics) in combination with specific agonists. This may ultimately lead to a link between the receptor's signaling pathway and its role in individual diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelli R McAlpine
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Moore JMR, Galicia SJ, McReynolds AC, Nguyen NH, Scanlan TS, Guy RK. Quantitative Proteomics of the Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Coregulator Interactions. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:27584-90. [PMID: 15100213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403453200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone receptor regulates a diverse set of genes that control processes from embryonic development to adult homeostasis. Upon binding of thyroid hormone, the thyroid receptor releases corepressor proteins and undergoes a conformational change that allows for the interaction of coactivating proteins necessary for gene transcription. This interaction is mediated by a conserved motif, termed the NR box, found in many coregulators. Recent work has demonstrated that differentially assembled coregulator complexes can elicit specific biological responses. However, the mechanism for the selective assembly of these coregulator complexes has yet to be elucidated. To further understand the principles underlying thyroid receptor-coregulator selectivity, we designed a high-throughput in vitro binding assay to measure the equilibrium affinity of thyroid receptor to a library of potential coregulators in the presence of different ligands including the endogenous thyroid hormone T3, synthetic thyroid receptor beta-selective agonist GC-1, and antagonist NH-3. Using this homogenous method several coregulator NR boxes capable of associating with thyroid receptor at physiologically relevant concentrations were identified including ones found in traditional coactivating proteins such as SRC1, SRC2, TRAP220, TRBP, p300, and ARA70; and those in coregulators known to repress gene activation including RIP140 and DAX-1. In addition, it was discovered that the thyroid receptor-coregulator binding patterns vary with ligand and that this differential binding can be used to predict biological responses. Finally, it is demonstrated that this is a general method that can be applied to other nuclear receptors and can be used to establish rules for nuclear receptor-coregulator selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M R Moore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-2280, USA
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