1
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Jung Y, Mitsuhashi T, Kageyama K, Kikuchi T, Sato S, Fujita M. Conformational Analysis of (+)-Germacrene D-4-ol Using the Crystalline Sponge Method to Elucidate the Origin of its Instability. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400512. [PMID: 38742865 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Unsaturated cyclic terpenes often exhibit instability due to the proximation of C=C bonds in the cyclic skeleton, leading to nonenzymatic degradation. In this study, the crystalline sponge (CS) method was employed for the X-ray conformational analysis of a minute amount of oily and cyclic terpene compound, (+)-germacrene D-4-ol, which was produced by a terpene synthase OILTS under in vitro conditions. The CS method revealed a reactive conformation of the cyclic terpene with proximal double bonds. Under weakly acidic in vivo conditions, OILTS gave four pseudo-natural products or artifacts. The CS method also elucidated the structures of these degraded compounds, proposing a degradation mechanism triggered by the transannular reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngcheol Jung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mitsuhashi
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ko Kageyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Tokyo College, Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
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2
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Dickschat JS, Quan Z, Schnakenburg G. A Case of Convergent Evolution: The Bacterial Sesquiterpene Synthase for 1-epi-Cubenol from Nonomuraea coxensis. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300581. [PMID: 37748088 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A terpene synthase from Nonomuraea coxensis was identified as (+)-1-epi-cubenol synthase. The enzyme is phylogenetically unrelated to the known enzyme of the same function that is widespread in streptomycetes. Isotopic labelling experiments were performed to unambiguously assign the NMR data and to investigate hydrogen migrations during terpene cyclisations. Epoxidations of (+)-1-epi-cubenol and of the plant derived compounds (-)-cubenol and (-)-1-epi-cubenol confirmed the structure of a natural product isolated from the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata and allowed to conclude on its absolute configuration. The crystal structures of the epoxides from (+)- and (-)-1-epi-cubenol and the acid catalysed conversion into an isomeric ketone are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zhiyang Quan
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Gao K, Lin Y, Li L, Zha W, Zhu J, Zi J. Characterization of SchTPSs Enables Construction of Yeast for the Bioproduction of α-Cadinol and the Related Sesquiterpenes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18424-18430. [PMID: 37966253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatile sesquiterpenes (PVSs) play important roles in chemical plant defense. However, it is difficult to isolate sufficient PVSs for deep investigations due to their low contents and chemical and physical properties close to those of other lipids. The extracts of Stellera chamaejasme L. exhibit insecticidal, fungicidal, and allelopathic activities. In this study, we identified three sesquiterpene synthase genes (SchTPS5, SchTPS6, and SchTPS7) from S. chamaejasme L. SchTPS7 is an α-farnesene synthase. SchTPS5 and SchTPS6 are two catalytically promiscuous sesquiterpene synthases, and α-cadinol and τ-muurolol are the predominant products for both of them in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study, for the first time, reports plant sesquiterpene synthases capable of producing α-cadinol and/or τ-muurolol in a heterologous host. More intriguingly, seven out of eight products of SchTPS6 in S. cerevisiae possess various insecticidal, fungicidal, and herbicidal activities. Building on this finding, we used SchTPS6 to construct an engineered S. cerevisiae for the production of these sesquiterpenes. The titers of two major products α-cadinol and τ-muurolol, respectively, reached 46.2 ± 4.0 and 11.2 ± 1.4 mg/L in a flask. This study lays a foundation for the development of new agrochemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Linsheng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenlong Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs, and NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianxun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs, and NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiachen Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Biocatalysis of Natural Drugs, and NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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4
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Chhalodia AK, Xu H, Tabekoueng GB, Gu B, Taizoumbe KA, Lauterbach L, Dickschat JS. Functional characterisation of twelve terpene synthases from actinobacteria. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1386-1398. [PMID: 37736393 PMCID: PMC10509563 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen type I terpene synthase homologs from diverse actinobacteria that were selected based on a phylogenetic analysis of more than 4000 amino acid sequences were investigated for their products. For four enzymes with functions not previously reported from bacterial terpene synthases the products were isolated and their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, resulting in the discovery of the first terpene synthases for (+)-δ-cadinol and (+)-α-cadinene, besides the first two bacterial (-)-amorpha-4,11-diene synthases. For other terpene synthases with functions reported from bacteria before the products were identified by GC-MS. The characterised enzymes include a new epi-isozizaene synthase with monoterpene synthase side activity, a 7-epi-α-eudesmol synthase that also produces hedycaryol and germacrene A, and four more sesquiterpene synthases that produce mixtures of hedycaryol and germacrene A. Three phylogenetically related enzymes were in one case not expressed and in two cases inactive, suggesting pseudogenisation in the respective branch of the phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, a diterpene synthase for allokutznerene and a sesterterpene synthase for sesterviolene were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K Chhalodia
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Georges B Tabekoueng
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Binbin Gu
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kizerbo A Taizoumbe
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Lauterbach
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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5
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De Grazia G, Cucinotta L, Sciarrone D, Donato P, Trovato E, Riad N, Hattab ME, Mondello L, Rotondo A. Preparative three-dimensional GC and nuclear magnetic resonance for the isolation and identification of two sesquiterpene ethers from Dictyota Dichotoma. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300261. [PMID: 37386802 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Separation science plays a crucial role in the isolation of novel compounds contained in complex matrices. Yet their rationale employment needs preliminary structure elucidation, which usually requires sufficient aliquots of grade substances to characterize the molecule by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. In this study, two peculiar oxa-tricycloundecane ethers were isolated by means of preparative multidimensional gas chromatography from the brown alga species Dictyota dichotoma (Huds.) Lam., aiming to assign their 3D structures. Density functional theory simulations were carried out to select the correct configurational species matching the experimental NMR data (in terms of enantiomeric couples). In this case, the theoretical approach was crucial as the protonic signal overlap and spectral overcrowding were preventing any other unambiguous structural information. Just after the identification through the density functional theory data matching of the correct relative configuration it was possible to verify an enhanced self-consistency with the experimental data, confirming the stereochemistry. The results obtained further pave the way toward structure elucidation of highly asymmetric molecules, whose configuration cannot be inferred by other means or strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma De Grazia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Traceability Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Trovato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nacera Riad
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Mohamed El Hattab
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Chromaleont S.R.L., University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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6
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Tarasova EV, Luchnikova NA, Grishko VV, Ivshina IB. Actinomycetes as Producers of Biologically Active Terpenoids: Current Trends and Patents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:872. [PMID: 37375819 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and their derivatives (terpenoids and meroterpenoids, in particular) constitute the largest class of natural compounds, which have valuable biological activities and are promising therapeutic agents. The present review assesses the biosynthetic capabilities of actinomycetes to produce various terpene derivatives; reports the main methodological approaches to searching for new terpenes and their derivatives; identifies the most active terpene producers among actinomycetes; and describes the chemical diversity and biological properties of the obtained compounds. Among terpene derivatives isolated from actinomycetes, compounds with pronounced antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and other effects were determined. Actinomycete-produced terpenoids and meroterpenoids with high antimicrobial activity are of interest as a source of novel antibiotics effective against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Most of the discovered terpene derivatives are produced by the genus Streptomyces; however, recent publications have reported terpene biosynthesis by members of the genera Actinomadura, Allokutzneria, Amycolatopsis, Kitasatosporia, Micromonospora, Nocardiopsis, Salinispora, Verrucosispora, etc. It should be noted that the use of genetically modified actinomycetes is an effective tool for studying and regulating terpenes, as well as increasing productivity of terpene biosynthesis in comparison with native producers. The review includes research articles on terpene biosynthesis by Actinomycetes between 2000 and 2022, and a patent analysis in this area shows current trends and actual research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Tarasova
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Natalia A Luchnikova
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Victoria V Grishko
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Irina B Ivshina
- Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13A Lenina Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia
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7
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Lacey HJ, Rutledge PJ. Recently Discovered Secondary Metabolites from Streptomyces Species. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030887. [PMID: 35164153 PMCID: PMC8838263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Streptomyces genus has been a rich source of bioactive natural products, medicinal chemicals, and novel drug leads for three-quarters of a century. Yet studies suggest that the genus is capable of making some 150,000 more bioactive compounds than all Streptomyces secondary metabolites reported to date. Researchers around the world continue to explore this enormous potential using a range of strategies including modification of culture conditions, bioinformatics and genome mining, heterologous expression, and other approaches to cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster activation. Our survey of the recent literature, with a particular focus on the year 2020, brings together more than 70 novel secondary metabolites from Streptomyces species, which are discussed in this review. This diverse array includes cyclic and linear peptides, peptide derivatives, polyketides, terpenoids, polyaromatics, macrocycles, and furans, the isolation, chemical structures, and bioactivity of which are appraised. The discovery of these many different compounds demonstrates the continued potential of Streptomyces as a source of new and interesting natural products and contributes further important pieces to the mostly unfinished puzzle of Earth’s myriad microbes and their multifaceted chemical output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J. Lacey
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, Sydney, NSW 2164, Australia
- Correspondence: (H.J.L.); (P.J.R.); Tel.: +61-2-9351-5020 (P.J.R)
| | - Peter J. Rutledge
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: (H.J.L.); (P.J.R.); Tel.: +61-2-9351-5020 (P.J.R)
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8
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Abstract
The Streptomyces clavuligerus genome consists in a linear chromosome of about 6.7 Mb and four plasmids (pSCL1 to pSCL4), the latter one of 1.8 Mb. Deletion of pSCL4, results in viable mutants with high instability in the chromosome arms, which may lead to chromosome circularisation. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies comparing different mutants with the wild-type strain improved our knowledge on the biosynthesis and regulation of clavulanic acid, cephamycin C and holomycin. Additional knowledge has been obtained on the SARP-type CcaR activator and the network of connections with other regulators (Brp, AreB, AdpA, BldG, RelA) controlling ccaR expression. The transcriptional pattern of the cephamycin and clavulanic acid clusters is supported by the binding of CcaR to different promoters and confirmed that ClaR is a CcaR-dependent activator that controls the late steps of clavulanic biosynthesis. Metabolomic studies allowed the detection of new metabolites produced by S. clavuligerus such as naringenin, desferroxamines, several N-acyl tunicamycins, the terpenes carveol and cuminyl alcohol or bafilomycin J. Heterologous expression of S. clavuligerus terpene synthases resulted in the formation of no less than 15 different terpenes, although none of them was detected in S. clavuligerus culture broth. In summary, application of the Omic tools results in a better understanding of the molecular biology of S. clavuligerus, that allows the use of this strain as an industrial actinobacterial platform and helps to improve CA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Liras
- Microbiology Section. Department of Molecular Biology University of León, León 24071. Spain
| | - Juan F Martín
- Microbiology Section. Department of Molecular Biology University of León, León 24071. Spain
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9
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Hou A, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. Functional Switch and Ethyl Group Formation in the Bacterial Polytrichastrene Synthase from Chryseobacterium polytrichastri. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20781-20785. [PMID: 34318977 PMCID: PMC8518897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A reinvestigation of the linalool synthase from Chryseobacterium polytrichastri uncovered its diterpene synthase activity, yielding polytrichastrene A and polytrichastrol A with new skeletons, besides known wanju-2,5-diene and thunbergol. The enzyme mechanism was investigated by isotopic labeling experiments and DFT calculations to explain an unusual ethyl group formation. Rationally designed exchanges of active site residues showed major functional switches, resulting for I66F in the production of five more new compounds, including polytrichastrene B and polytrichastrol B, while A87T, A192V and the double exchange A87T, A192V gave a product shift towards wanju-2,5-diene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 450939CologneGermany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
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Hou A, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. Funktionaler Schalter und Ethylgruppenbildung der Bakteriellen Polytrichastrensynthase aus
Chryseobacterium polytrichastri. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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11
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Ding L, Görls H, Hertweck C. Plant-like cadinane sesquiterpenes from an actinobacterial mangrove endophyte. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:34-42. [PMID: 32598052 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadinanes are typical plant sesquiterpenes with a broad range of biological functions. We report the isolation of three cadinanes (1-3) from a bacterial endophyte (Streptomyces sp.) of the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. The structures of two new cadinenes, (+)-11-hydroxy-epicubenol (1) and (+)-12-hydroxy-epicubenol (2) were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. The bacterial product (+)-11-hydroxy-epicubenol was elucidated to be an enantiomer of the plant product pubinernoid C. (+)-12-Hydroxy-epicubenol was established as a diastereomer of the basidiomycete product trichapargin A. In addition, a crystal structure analysis corroborated the structure and configuration of 5,11-epoxy-10-cadinanol (3), a cadinane cycloether initially described as a natural product from liverwort. The discovery of oxygenated cadinanes from a bacterial endophyte may set the basis for the production of cadinanes by bacterial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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12
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Matos JO, Kumar RP, Ma AC, Patterson M, Krauss IJ, Oprian DD. Mechanism Underlying Anti-Markovnikov Addition in the Reaction of Pentalenene Synthase. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3271-3283. [PMID: 32786410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most terpene synthase reactions follow Markovnikov rules for formation of high-energy carbenium ion intermediates. However, there are notable exceptions. For example, pentalenene synthase (PS) undergoes an initial anti-Markovnikov cyclization reaction followed by a 1,2-hydride shift to form an intermediate humulyl cation with positive charge on the secondary carbon C9 atom of the farnesyl diphosphate substrate. The mechanism by which these enzymes stabilize and guide the regioselectivity of secondary carbocations has not heretofore been elucidated. In an effort to better understand these reactions, we grew crystals of apo-PS, soaked them with the nonreactive substrate analogue 12,13-difluorofarnesyl diphosphate, and determined the X-ray structure of the resulting complex at 2.2 Å resolution. The most striking feature of the active site structure is that C9 is perfectly positioned to make a C-H···π interaction with the side chain benzene ring of residue F76; this would enhance hyperconjugation to stabilize a developing cation at C10 and thus support the anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity of the cyclization. The benzene ring is also positioned to catalyze the migration of H to C10 and stabilize a C9 carbocation. On the opposite face of C9, further cation stabilization is possible via interactions with the main chain carbonyl of I177 and the neighboring intramolecular C6═C7 bond. Mutagenesis experiments also support a role for residue 76 in these interactions, but most interesting is the F76W mutant, whose crystal structure clearly shows C9 and C10 centered above the fused benzene and pyrrole rings of the indole side chain, respectively, such that a carbocation at either position could be stabilized in this complex, and two anti-Markovnikov products, pentalenene and humulene, are formed. Finally, we show that there is a rough correlation (although not absolute) of an aromatic side chain (F or Y) at position 76 in related terpene synthases from Streptomyces that catalyze similar anti-Markovnikov addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason O Matos
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Ramasamy P Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Alison C Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - MacKenzie Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Isaac J Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Daniel D Oprian
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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13
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Bhaskar P, Sareen D. Bioinformatics approach to understand nature's unified mechanism of stereo-divergent synthesis of isoprenoid skeletons. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:142. [PMID: 32851438 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In isoprenoid metabolism, cyclisation is the important gateway to chemical diversity. Terpene synthase is responsible for the cyclisation of a few universal substrates forming hundreds of often stereo-chemically complex mono- and poly-cyclic terpene hydrocarbons with a broad spectrum of functions in pharmaceuticals, flavours and fragrance industry. Although they are discovered and characterised mainly from plants and fungi, yet only a small share of bacterial terpenes has been investigated so far owing to their low level of expression in wild-type microorganisms. Extensive bacterial genome mining has revealed a treasure trove of terpene synthase genes and their regulated heterologous overexpression has pitched-in to describe the biochemical function of putative genes and sequester new terpene metabolites. This review deals with the modern genome mining techniques and molecular methods, providing more experimental tools for studying the structure and functions of terpenoid metabolites and strongly supports the idea that genome mining is a utile approach in deciphering the terpenoid diversity in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Bhaskar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Dipti Sareen
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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14
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Driller R, Garbe D, Mehlmer N, Fuchs M, Raz K, Major DT, Brück T, Loll B. Current understanding and biotechnological application of the bacterial diterpene synthase CotB2. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2355-2368. [PMID: 31666870 PMCID: PMC6808215 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CotB2 catalyzes the first committed step in cyclooctatin biosynthesis of the soil bacterium Streptomyces melanosporofaciens. To date, CotB2 represents the best studied bacterial diterpene synthase. Its reaction mechanism has been addressed by isoptope labeling, targeted mutagenesis and theoretical computations in the gas phase, as well as full enzyme molecular dynamic simulations. By X-ray crystallography different snapshots of CotB2 from the open, inactive, to the closed, active conformation have been obtained in great detail, allowing us to draw detailed conclusions regarding the catalytic mechanism at the molecular level. Moreover, numerous alternative geranylgeranyl diphosphate cyclization products obtained by CotB2 mutagenesis have exciting applications for the sustainable production of high value bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Driller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,present address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,present address: Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Monika Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Keren Raz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Dan Thomas Major
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Sun X, Cai YS, Yuan Y, Bian G, Ye Z, Deng Z, Liu T. Genome mining in Trichoderma viride J1-030: discovery and identification of novel sesquiterpene synthase and its products. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2052-2058. [PMID: 31501673 PMCID: PMC6720227 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene synthases in Trichoderma viride have been seldom studied, despite the efficiency of filamentous fungi for terpenoid production. Using the farnesyl diphosphate-overexpressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae platform to produce diverse terpenoids, we herein identified an unknown sesquiterpene synthase from T. viride by genome mining and determined the structure of its corresponding products. One new 5/6 bicyclic sesquiterpene and its esterified derivative were characterised by GC–MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well-identified sesquiterpene synthase from T. viride to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - You-Sheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Guangkai Bian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Ziling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
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16
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Greule A, Stok JE, De Voss JJ, Cryle MJ. Unrivalled diversity: the many roles and reactions of bacterial cytochromes P450 in secondary metabolism. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:757-791. [PMID: 29667657 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00063d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 up to 2018 The cytochromes P450 (P450s) are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that perform diverse catalytic roles in many species, including bacteria. The P450 superfamily is widely known for the hydroxylation of unactivated C-H bonds, but the diversity of reactions that P450s can perform vastly exceeds this undoubtedly impressive chemical transformation. Within bacteria, P450s play important roles in many biosynthetic and biodegradative processes that span a wide range of secondary metabolite pathways and present diverse chemical transformations. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the range of chemical transformations that P450 enzymes can catalyse within bacterial secondary metabolism, with the intention to provide an important resource to aid in understanding of the potential roles of P450 enzymes within newly identified bacterial biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Greule
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. and EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jeanette E Stok
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Max J Cryle
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. and EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia and Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Rinkel J, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic investigations on multiproduct β-himachalene synthase from Cryptosporangium arvum. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1008-1019. [PMID: 31164939 PMCID: PMC6541374 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterial terpene synthase from Cryptosporangium arvum was characterised as a multiproduct β-himachalene synthase. In vitro studies showed not only a high promiscuity with respect to its numerous sesquiterpene products, including the structurally demanding terpenes longicyclene, longifolene and α-longipinene, but also to its substrates, as additional activity was observed with geranyl- and geranylgeranyl diphosphate. In-depth mechanistic investigations using isotopically labelled precursors regarding the stereochemical course of both 1,11-cyclisation and 1,3-hydride shift furnished a detailed catalytic model suggesting the molecular basis of the observed low product selectivity. The enzyme’s synthetic potential was also exploited in the preparation of sesquiterpene isotopomers, which provided insights into their EIMS fragmentation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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18
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Rinkel J, Dickschat JS. Stereochemical investigations on the biosynthesis of achiral ( Z)-γ-bisabolene in Cryptosporangium arvum. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:789-794. [PMID: 30992727 PMCID: PMC6444425 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly identified bacterial (Z)-γ-bisabolene synthase was used for investigating the cyclisation mechanism of the sesquiterpene. Since the stereoinformation of both chiral putative intermediates, nerolidyl diphosphate (NPP) and the bisabolyl cation, is lost during formation of the achiral product, the intriguing question of their absolute configurations was addressed by incubating both enantiomers of NPP with the recombinant enzyme, which resolved in an exclusive cyclisation of (R)-NPP, while (S)-NPP that is non-natural to the (Z)-γ-bisabolene synthase was specifically converted into (E)-β-farnesene. A hypothetical enzyme mechanistic model that explains these observations is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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19
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Burkhardt I, Kreuzenbeck NB, Beemelmanns C, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic characterization of three sesquiterpene synthases from the termite-associated fungus Termitomyces. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3348-3355. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three terpene synthases from the termite associated fungus Termitomyces were studied by isotopic labelling experiments and site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immo Burkhardt
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Nina B. Kreuzenbeck
- Leibnitz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- Hans-Knöll-Institute
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibnitz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- Hans-Knöll-Institute
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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20
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Streptomyces spp. in the biocatalysis toolbox. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3513-3536. [PMID: 29502181 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
About 20,100 research publications dated 2000-2017 were recovered searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases for Streptomyces, which are the richest known source of bioactive molecules. However, these bacteria with versatile metabolism are powerful suppliers of biocatalytic tools (enzymes) for advanced biotechnological applications such as green chemical transformations and biopharmaceutical and biofuel production. The recent technological advances, especially in DNA sequencing coupled with computational tools for protein functional and structural prediction, and the improved access to microbial diversity enabled the easier access to enzymes and the ability to engineer them to suit a wider range of biotechnological processes. The major driver behind a dramatic increase in the utilization of biocatalysis is sustainable development and the shift toward bioeconomy that will, in accordance to the UN policy agenda "Bioeconomy to 2030," become a global effort in the near future. Streptomyces spp. already play a significant role among industrial microorganisms. The intention of this minireview is to highlight the presence of Streptomyces in the toolbox of biocatalysis and to give an overview of the most important advances in novel biocatalyst discovery and applications. Judging by the steady increase in a number of recent references (228 for the 2000-2017 period), it is clear that biocatalysts from Streptomyces spp. hold promises in terms of valuable properties and applicative industrial potential.
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21
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Hamed A, Abdel-Razek AS, Frese M, Stammler HG, El-Haddad AF, Ibrahim TMA, Sewald N, Shaaban M. Terretonin N: A New Meroterpenoid from Nocardiopsis sp. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020299. [PMID: 29385078 PMCID: PMC6017310 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Terretonin N (1), a new highly oxygenated and unique tetracyclic 6-hydroxymeroterpenoid, was isolated together with seven known compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of a solid-state fermented culture of Nocardiopsis sp. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The structure and absolute configuration of 1 were unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography. The isolation and taxonomic characterization of Nocardiopsis sp. is reported. The antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the strain extract and compound 1 were studied using different microorganisms and a cervix carcinoma cell line, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaaty Hamed
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.H.); (A.S.A.); (M.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.F.E.-H.); (T.M.A.I.)
| | - Ahmed S. Abdel-Razek
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.H.); (A.S.A.); (M.F.)
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Dokki-Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.H.); (A.S.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Hans Georg Stammler
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Atef F. El-Haddad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.F.E.-H.); (T.M.A.I.)
| | - Tarek M. A. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.F.E.-H.); (T.M.A.I.)
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.H.); (A.S.A.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +49-521-106-2051 (N.S.); +20-227-01728-1550 (M.S.)
| | - Mohamed Shaaban
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.H.); (A.S.A.); (M.F.)
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Dokki-Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +49-521-106-2051 (N.S.); +20-227-01728-1550 (M.S.)
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22
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Hattan JI, Shindo K, Sasaki T, Misawa N. Isolation and Functional Characterization of New Terpene Synthase Genes from Traditional Edible Plants. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1235-1246. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichiro Hattan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University
| | | | | | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University
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23
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Shindo K. A modern purification method for volatile sesquiterpenes produced by recombinant Escherichia coli carrying terpene synthase genes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 82:935-939. [PMID: 29191086 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1403882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Most volatile sesquiterpenes had been purified from plants using distillation and preparative gas chromatography, which is not applicable to many laboratories that do not possess a needed facility. Thus, this review focuses on a modern purification method for volatile sesquiterpenes using Escherichia coli cells that functionally express terpene synthase (Tps) genes. It was recently developed that recombinant E. coli cells carrying Tps genes were cultured in two-layer media (n-octane/TB medium) without harming the cells, and the volatile hydrophobic compounds trapped in the n-octane were purified by two-phase partition (alkane/alkaline 50% MeOH), silica gel column chromatography, and reversed-phase preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (if necessary). Consequently, it was found that the volatile sesquiterpenes are easily purified, the structures of which can then be determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, [α]D and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. The antioxidant activities of several volatile sesquiterpenes are also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Shindo
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , Japan Women's University , Tokyo , Japan
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24
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Abstract
![]()
The
year 2017 marks the twentieth anniversary of terpenoid cyclase
structural biology: a trio of terpenoid cyclase structures reported
together in 1997 were the first to set the foundation for understanding
the enzymes largely responsible for the exquisite chemodiversity of
more than 80000 terpenoid natural products. Terpenoid cyclases catalyze
the most complex chemical reactions in biology, in that more than
half of the substrate carbon atoms undergo changes in bonding and
hybridization during a single enzyme-catalyzed cyclization reaction.
The past two decades have witnessed structural, functional, and computational
studies illuminating the modes of substrate activation that initiate
the cyclization cascade, the management and manipulation of high-energy
carbocation intermediates that propagate the cyclization cascade,
and the chemical strategies that terminate the cyclization cascade.
The role of the terpenoid cyclase as a template for catalysis is paramount
to its function, and protein engineering can be used to reprogram
the cyclization cascade to generate alternative and commercially important
products. Here, I review key advances in terpenoid cyclase structural
and chemical biology, focusing mainly on terpenoid cyclases and related
prenyltransferases for which X-ray crystal structures have informed
and advanced our understanding of enzyme structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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25
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Styles MQ, Nesbitt EA, Marr S, Hutchby M, Leak DJ. Characterization of the first naturally thermostable terpene synthases and development of strategies to improve thermostability in this family of enzymes. FEBS J 2017; 284:1700-1711. [PMID: 28371548 PMCID: PMC6849719 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The terpenoid family of natural products is being targeted for heterologous microbial production as a cheaper and more reliable alternative to extraction from plants. The key enzyme responsible for diversification of terpene structure is the class-I terpene synthase (TS), and these often require engineering to improve properties such as thermostability, robustness and catalytic activity before they are suitable for industrial use. Improving thermostability typically relies on screening a large number of mutants, as there are no naturally thermostable TSs described upon which to base rational design decisions. We have characterized the first examples of natural TSs exhibiting thermostability, which catalyse the formation of the sesquiterpene τ-muurolol at temperatures up to 78 °C. We also report an enzyme with a kcat value of 0.95 s-1 at 65 °C, the highest kcat recorded for a bacterial sesquiterpene synthase. In turn, these thermostable enzymes were used as a model to inform the rational engineering of another TS, with the same specificity but low sequence identity to the model. The newly engineered variant displayed increased thermostability and turnover. Given the high structural homology of the class-I TS domain, this approach could be generally applicable to improving the properties of other enzymes in this class. DATABASE Model data are available in the PMDB database under the accession number PM0080780.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott Marr
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
| | | | - David J Leak
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK
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26
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Rinkel J, Rabe P, Garbeva P, Dickschat JS. Über 1,3-Hydridverschiebungen in Sesquiterpen-Cyclisierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie; Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen; Droevendaalsesteeg 10 6708 PB Wageningen Niederlande
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
- Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie; Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen; Droevendaalsesteeg 10 6708 PB Wageningen Niederlande
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27
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Rinkel J, Rabe P, Garbeva P, Dickschat JS. Lessons from 1,3-Hydride Shifts in Sesquiterpene Cyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13593-13596. [PMID: 27666571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stereospecifically labelled precursors were subjected to conversion by seven bacterial sesquiterpene cyclases to investigate the stereochemistry of their initial 1,10-cyclisation-1,3-hydride shift cascades. Enzymes with products of known absolute configuration showed a coherent stereochemical course, except for (-)-α-amorphene synthase, for which the obtained results are better explained by an initial 1,6-cyclisation. The link between the absolute configuration of the product and the stereochemical course of the 1,3-hydride shifts enabled assignment of the absolute configurations of three enzyme products, which were confirmed independently through the absolute configuration of the common byproduct germacrene D-4-ol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany. .,Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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28
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Rabe P, Schmitz T, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic investigations on six bacterial terpene cyclases. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1839-1850. [PMID: 27829890 PMCID: PMC5082573 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The products obtained by incubation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) with six purified bacterial terpene cyclases were characterised by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic methods, allowing for a full structure elucidation. The absolute configurations of four terpenes were determined based on their optical rotary powers. Incubation experiments with 13C-labelled isotopomers of FPP in buffers containing water or deuterium oxide allowed for detailed insights into the cyclisation mechanisms of the bacterial terpene cyclases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Rabe P, Klapschinski TA, Dickschat JS. Position-Specific Mass Shift Analysis: A Systematic Method for Investigating the EI-MS Fragmentation Mechanism of epi-Isozizaene. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1333-7. [PMID: 27123899 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The EI-MS fragmentation mechanism of the bacterial sesquiterpene epi-isozizaene was investigated through enzymatic conversion of all 15 synthetic ((13) C1 )FPP isotopomers with the epi-isozizaene synthase from Streptomyces albus and GC-MS and GC-QTOF analysis including MS-MS. A systematic method, which we wish to call position-specific mass shift analysis, for the identification of the full set of fragmentation reactions was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim A Klapschinski
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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Zhou H, Yang YL, Zeng J, Zhang L, Ding ZH, Zeng Y. Identification and Characterization of a δ-Cadinol Synthase Potentially Involved in the Formation of Boreovibrins in Boreostereum vibrans of Basidiomycota. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2016; 6:167-71. [PMID: 27038475 PMCID: PMC5385660 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoids are very common among natural products. A large number of sesquiterpene synthase genes have been cloned and functionally characterized. However, until now there is no report about the δ-cadinol synthase predominantly forming δ-cadinol (syn. torreyol) from farnesyl diphosphate. Sesquiterpenoids boreovibrins structurally similar to δ-cadinol were previously isolated from culture broths of the basidiomycete fungus Boreostereum vibrans. This led us to expect a corresponding gene coding for a δ-cadinol synthase that may be involved in the biosynthesis of boreovibrins in B. vibrans. Here we report the cloning and heterologous expression of a new sesquiterpene synthase gene from B. vibrans. The crude and purified recombinant enzymes, when incubating with farnesyl diphosphate as substrate, gave δ-cadinol as its principal product and thereby identified as a δ-cadinol synthase. A new sesquiterpene synthase gene was cloned from the basidiomycete fungus Boreostereum vibrans and heterologously expressed in E. coli. The purified recombinant enzyme gave δ-cadinol as its principal product from farnesyl diphosphate and thereby identified as a δ-cadinol synthase (BvCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan-Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China.
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31
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Domik D, Magnus N, Piechulla B. Analysis of a new cluster of genes involved in the synthesis of the unique volatile organic compound sodorifen ofSerratia plymuthica4Rx13. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw139. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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32
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Huang C, Leung RKK, Guo M, Tuo L, Guo L, Yew WW, Lou I, Lee SMY, Sun C. Genome-guided Investigation of Antibiotic Substances produced by Allosalinactinospora lopnorensis CA15-2(T) from Lop Nor region, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20667. [PMID: 26864220 PMCID: PMC4749953 DOI: 10.1038/srep20667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites are valuable resources for novel drug discovery. In particular, actinomycetes expressed a range of antibiotics against a spectrum of bacteria. In genus level, strain Allosalinactinospora lopnorensis CA15-2T is the first new actinomycete isolated from the Lop Nor region, China. Antimicrobial assays revealed that the strain could inhibit the growth of certain types of bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting its clinical significance. Here we report the 5,894,259 base pairs genome of the strain, containing 5,662 predicted genes, and 832 of them cannot be detected by sequence similarity-based methods, suggesting the new species may carry a novel gene pool. Furthermore, our genome-mining investigation reveals that A. lopnorensis CA15-2T contains 17 gene clusters coding for known or novel secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, at least six secondary metabolites were disclosed from ethyl acetate (EA) extract of the fermentation broth of the strain by high-resolution UPLC-MS. Compared with reported clusters of other species, many new genes were found in clusters, and the physical chromosomal location and order of genes in the clusters are distinct. This study presents evidence in support of A. lopnorensis CA15-2T as a potent natural products source for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ross Ka-Kit Leung
- Stanley HoCentre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Li Tuo
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wing Wai Yew
- Stanley HoCentre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Inchio Lou
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Simon Ming Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chenghang Sun
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Abstract
This review summarises the characterised bacterial terpene cyclases and their products and discusses the enzyme mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S. Dickschat
- University of Bonn
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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34
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Schifrin A, Khatri Y, Kirsch P, Thiel V, Schulz S, Bernhardt R. A single terpene synthase is responsible for a wide variety of sesquiterpenes in Sorangium cellulosum Soce56. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3385-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00130k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So ce56 is a prolific producer of volatile sesquiterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schifrin
- Universität des Saarlandes
- Institut für Biochemie
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Yogan Khatri
- Universität des Saarlandes
- Institut für Biochemie
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Philine Kirsch
- Universität des Saarlandes
- Institut für Biochemie
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Verena Thiel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Universität des Saarlandes
- Institut für Biochemie
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
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35
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Rabe P, Rinkel J, Klapschinski TA, Barra L, Dickschat JS. A method for investigating the stereochemical course of terpene cyclisations. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:158-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01998b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The products of three bacterial terpene cyclases were characterised and the mechanisms of their formations were investigated using isotopic labellings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Tim A. Klapschinski
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Lena Barra
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
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36
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Rabe P, Barra L, Rinkel J, Riclea R, Citron CA, Klapschinski TA, Janusko A, Dickschat JS. Konformationsanalyse, thermische Umlagerung und EI‐MS‐Fragmentierungsmechanismus von (1(10)
E
,4
E
,6
S
,7
R
)‐Germacradien‐6‐ol durch
13
C‐Markierungsexperimente. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Lena Barra
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Ramona Riclea
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Christian A. Citron
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Tim A. Klapschinski
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Aron Janusko
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé‐Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
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37
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Rabe P, Barra L, Rinkel J, Riclea R, Citron CA, Klapschinski TA, Janusko A, Dickschat JS. Conformational Analysis, Thermal Rearrangement, and EI-MS Fragmentation Mechanism of (1(10)E,4E,6S,7R)-Germacradien-6-ol by (13)C-Labeling Experiments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13448-51. [PMID: 26361082 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An uncharacterized terpene cyclase from Streptomyces pratensis was identified as (+)-(1(10)E,4E,6S,7R)-germacradien-6-ol synthase. The enzyme product exists as two interconvertible conformers, resulting in complex NMR spectra. For the complete assignment of NMR data, all fifteen ((13)C1)FPP isotopomers (FPP=farnesyl diphosphate) and ((13)C15)FPP were synthesized and enzymatically converted. The products were analyzed using various NMR techniques, including (13)C, (13)C COSY experiments. The ((13)C)FPP isotopomers were also used to investigate the thermal rearrangement and EI fragmentation of the enzyme product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Lena Barra
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Ramona Riclea
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Christian A Citron
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Tim A Klapschinski
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Aron Janusko
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany).
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Computational-guided discovery and characterization of a sesquiterpene synthase from Streptomyces clavuligerus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5661-6. [PMID: 25901324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1505127112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are a large structurally diverse group of natural products with an array of functions in their hosts. The large amount of genomic information from recent sequencing efforts provides opportunities and challenges for the functional assignment of terpene synthases that construct the carbon skeletons of these compounds. Inferring function from the sequence and/or structure of these enzymes is not trivial because of the large number of possible reaction channels and products. We tackle this problem by developing an algorithm to enumerate possible carbocations derived from the farnesyl cation, the first reactive intermediate of the substrate, and evaluating their steric and electrostatic compatibility with the active site. The homology model of a putative pentalenene synthase (Uniprot: B5GLM7) from Streptomyces clavuligerus was used in an automated computational workflow for product prediction. Surprisingly, the workflow predicted a linear triquinane scaffold as the top product skeleton for B5GLM7. Biochemical characterization of B5GLM7 reveals the major product as (5S,7S,10R,11S)-cucumene, a sesquiterpene with a linear triquinane scaffold. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of a terpene synthase involved in the synthesis of a linear triquinane. The success of our prediction for B5GLM7 suggests that this approach can be used to facilitate the functional assignment of novel terpene synthases.
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Lauchli R, Pitzer J, Kitto RZ, Kalbarczyk KZ, Rabe KS. Improved selectivity of an engineered multi-product terpene synthase. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:4013-20. [PMID: 24809278 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00479e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the sesquiterpene synthase Cop2 was conducted with a high-throughput screen for the cyclization activity using a non-natural substrate. A mutant of Cop2 was identified that contained three amino acid substitutions. This mutant, 17H2, converted the natural substrate FPP into germacrene D-4-ol with 77% selectivity. This selectivity is in contrast to that of the parent enzyme in which germacrene D-4-ol is produced as 29% and α-cadinol is produced as 46% of the product mixture. The mutations were shown to each contribute to this selectivity, and a homology model suggested that the mutations lie near to the active site though would be unlikely to be targeted for mutation by rational methods. Kinetic comparisons show that 17H2 maintains a kcat/KM of 0.62 mM(-1) s(-1), which is nearly identical to that of the parent Cop2, which had a kcat/KM of 0.58 mM(-1) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lauchli
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena CA 91125, USA
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40
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Rabe P, Pahirulzaman KAK, Dickschat JS. Structures and Biosynthesis of Corvol Ethers--Sesquiterpenes from the Actinomycete Kitasatospora setae. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6041-5. [PMID: 25809275 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Here we present the functional characterization of a sesquiterpene cyclase from Kitasatospora setae. The enzyme converts the sesquiterpene precursor farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into two previously unknown and unstable sesquiterpene ethers for which we propose the trivial names corvol ethers A and B. Both compounds were purified and their structures were determined by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. A biosynthetic mechanism for the FPP cyclization by the corvol ether synthase was proposed. The results from the incubation experiments of the corvol ether synthase with isotopically labeled precursors were in line with this mechanism, while alternative mechanisms could clearly be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rabe
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany); Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany)
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41
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Rabe P, Pahirulzaman KAK, Dickschat JS. Strukturen und Biosynthese der Corvolether - Sesquiterpene aus dem ActinomycetenKitasatospora setae. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Yamada Y, Kuzuyama T, Komatsu M, Shin-Ya K, Omura S, Cane DE, Ikeda H. Terpene synthases are widely distributed in bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:857-62. [PMID: 25535391 PMCID: PMC4311827 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Odoriferous terpene metabolites of bacterial origin have been known for many years. In genome-sequenced Streptomycetaceae microorganisms, the vast majority produces the degraded sesquiterpene alcohol geosmin. Two minor groups of bacteria do not produce geosmin, with one of these groups instead producing other sesquiterpene alcohols, whereas members of the remaining group do not produce any detectable terpenoid metabolites. Because bacterial terpene synthases typically show no significant overall sequence similarity to any other known fungal or plant terpene synthases and usually exhibit relatively low levels of mutual sequence similarity with other bacterial synthases, simple correlation of protein sequence data with the structure of the cyclized terpene product has been precluded. We have previously described a powerful search method based on the use of hidden Markov models (HMMs) and protein families database (Pfam) search that has allowed the discovery of monoterpene synthases of bacterial origin. Using an enhanced set of HMM parameters generated using a training set of 140 previously identified bacterial terpene synthase sequences, a Pfam search of 8,759,463 predicted bacterial proteins from public databases and in-house draft genome data has now revealed 262 presumptive terpene synthases. The biochemical function of a considerable number of these presumptive terpene synthase genes could be determined by expression in a specially engineered heterologous Streptomyces host and spectroscopic identification of the resulting terpene products. In addition to a wide variety of terpenes that had been previously reported from fungal or plant sources, we have isolated and determined the complete structures of 13 previously unidentified cyclic sesquiterpenes and diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Kuzuyama
- Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mamoru Komatsu
- Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shin-Ya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Satoshi Omura
- Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8461, Japan; and
| | - David E Cane
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912-9108
| | - Haruo Ikeda
- Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan;
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43
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Citron CA, Rabe P, Barra L, Nakano C, Hoshino T, Dickschat JS. Synthesis of Isotopically Labelled Oligoprenyl Diphosphates and Their Application in Mechanistic Investigations of Terpene Cyclases. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Grishko VV, Nogovitsina YM, Ivshina IB. Bacterial transformation of terpenoids. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v083n04abeh004396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Dickschat JS, Pahirulzaman KAK, Rabe P, Klapschinski TA. An improved technique for the rapid chemical characterisation of bacterial terpene cyclases. Chembiochem 2014; 15:810-4. [PMID: 24573945 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A derivative of the pET28c(+) expression vector was constructed. It contains a yeast replication system (2μ origin of replication) and a yeast selectable marker (URA3), and can be used for gene cloning in yeast by efficient homologous recombination, and for heterologous expression in E. coli. The vector was used for the expression and chemical characterisation of three bacterial terpene cyclases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S Dickschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany).
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Kakimoto M, Ishikawa T, Miyagi A, Saito K, Miyazaki M, Asaeda T, Yamaguchi M, Uchimiya H, Kawai-Yamada M. Culture temperature affects gene expression and metabolic pathways in the 2-methylisoborneol-producing cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena galeata. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:292-300. [PMID: 24140001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A volatile metabolite, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), causes an unpleasant taste and odor in tap water. Some filamentous cyanobacteria produce 2-MIB via a two-step biosynthetic pathway: methylation of geranyl diphosphate (GPP) by methyl transferase (GPPMT), followed by the cyclization of methyl-GPP by monoterpene cyclase (MIBS). We isolated the genes encoding GPPMT and MIBS from Pseudanabaena galeata, a filamentous cyanobacterium known to be a major causal organism of 2-MIB production in Japanese lakes. The predicted amino acid sequence showed high similarity with that of Pseudanabaena limnetica (96% identity in GPPMT and 97% identity in MIBS). P. galeata was cultured at different temperatures to examine the effect of growth conditions on the production of 2-MIB and major metabolites. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurements showed higher accumulation of 2-MIB at 30 °C than at 4 °C or 20 °C after 24 h of culture. Real-time-RT PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of the genes encoding GPPMT and MIBS decreased at 4 °C and increased at 30 °C, compared with at 20 °C. Furthermore, metabolite analysis showed dramatic changes in primary metabolite concentrations in cyanobacteria grown at different temperatures. The data indicate that changes in carbon flow in the TCA cycle affect 2-MIB biosynthesis at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kakimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research, 7-5-12 Suzuya, Chuo-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-0013, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyagi
- Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Saito
- Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research, 7-5-12 Suzuya, Chuo-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-0013, Japan
| | - Motonobu Miyazaki
- Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research, 7-5-12 Suzuya, Chuo-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-0013, Japan
| | - Takashi Asaeda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uchimiya
- Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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Rabe P, Citron CA, Dickschat JS. Volatile Terpenes from Actinomycetes: A Biosynthetic Study Correlating Chemical Analyses to Genome Data. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2345-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Müller R, Wink J. Future potential for anti-infectives from bacteria - how to exploit biodiversity and genomic potential. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 304:3-13. [PMID: 24119567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The early stages of antibiotic development include the identification of novel hit compounds. Since actinomycetes and myxobacteria are still the most important natural sources of active metabolites, we provide an overview on these producers and discuss three of the most promising approaches toward finding novel anti-infectives from microorganisms. These are defined as the use of biodiversity to find novel producers, the variation of culture conditions and induction of silent genes, and the exploitation of the genomic potential of producers via "genome mining". Challenges that exist beyond compound discovery are outlined in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), P.O. Box 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infectious Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joachim Wink
- Helmholtz Centre for Infectious Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Lauchli R, Rabe KS, Kalbarczyk KZ, Tata A, Heel T, Kitto RZ, Arnold FH. High-throughput screening for terpene-synthase-cyclization activity and directed evolution of a terpene synthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5571-4. [PMID: 23532864 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lauchli
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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