1
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Gao J, Li L, Shen S, Ai G, Wang B, Guo F, Yang T, Han H, Xu Z, Pan G, Fan K. Cofactor-independent C-C bond cleavage reactions catalyzed by the AlpJ family of oxygenases in atypical angucycline biosynthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1198-1206. [PMID: 38887580 PMCID: PMC11181247 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of atypical angucyclines involves unique oxidative B-ring cleavage and rearrangement reactions, which are catalyzed by AlpJ-family oxygenases, including AlpJ, JadG, and GilOII. Prior investigations established the essential requirement for FADH2/FMNH2 as cofactors when utilizing the quinone intermediate dehydrorabelomycin as a substrate. In this study, we unveil a previously unrecognized facet of these enzymes as cofactor-independent oxygenases when employing the hydroquinone intermediate CR1 as a substrate. The enzymes autonomously drive oxidative ring cleavage and rearrangement reactions of CR1, yielding products identical to those observed in cofactor-dependent reactions of AlpJ-family oxygenases. Furthermore, the AlpJ- and JadG-catalyzed reactions of CR1 could be quenched by superoxide dismutase, supporting a catalytic mechanism wherein the substrate CR1 reductively activates molecular oxygen, generating a substrate radical and the superoxide anion O2 •-. Our findings illuminate a substrate-controlled catalytic mechanism of AlpJ-family oxygenases, expanding the realm of cofactor-independent oxygenases. Notably, AlpJ-family oxygenases stand as a pioneering example of enzymes capable of catalyzing oxidative reactions in either an FADH2/FMNH2-dependent or cofactor-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Liyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shijie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Guomin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhengren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guohui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
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2
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Nuutila A, Xiao X, van der Heul HU, van Wezel GP, Dinis P, Elsayed SS, Metsä-Ketelä M. Divergence of Classical and C-Ring-Cleaved Angucyclines: Elucidation of Early Tailoring Steps in Lugdunomycin and Thioangucycline Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1131-1141. [PMID: 38668630 PMCID: PMC11106748 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Angucyclines are an important group of microbial natural products that display tremendous chemical diversity. Classical angucyclines are composed of a tetracyclic benz[a]anthracene scaffold with one ring attached at an angular orientation. However, in atypical angucyclines, the polyaromatic aglycone is cleaved at A-, B-, or C-rings, leading to structural rearrangements and enabling further chemical variety. Here, we have elucidated the branching points in angucycline biosynthesis leading toward cleavage of the C-ring in lugdunomycin and thioangucycline biosynthesis. We showed that 12-hydroxylation and 6-ketoreduction of UWM6 are shared steps in classical and C-ring-cleaved angucycline pathways, although the bifunctional 6-ketoreductase LugOIIred harbors additional unique 1-ketoreductase activity. We identified formation of the key intermediate 8-O-methyltetrangomycin by the LugN methyltransferase as the branching point toward C-ring-cleaved angucyclines. The final common step in lugdunomycin and thioangucycline biosynthesis is quinone reduction, catalyzed by the 7-ketoreductases LugG and TacO, respectively. In turn, the committing step toward thioangucyclines is 12-ketoreduction catalyzed by TacA, for which no orthologous protein exists on the lugdunomycin pathway. Our results confirm that quinone reductions are early tailoring steps and, therefore, may be mechanistically important for subsequent C-ring cleavage. Finally, many of the tailoring enzymes harbored broad substrate promiscuity, which we utilized in combinatorial enzymatic syntheses to generate the angucyclines SM 196 A and hydranthomycin. We propose that enzyme promiscuity and the competition of many of the enzymes for the same substrates lead to a branching biosynthetic network and formation of numerous shunt products typical for angucyclines rather than a canonical linear metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Nuutila
- Department
of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Xiansha Xiao
- Molecular
Biotechnology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300RA Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - Helga U. van der Heul
- Molecular
Biotechnology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300RA Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - Gilles P. van Wezel
- Molecular
Biotechnology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300RA Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - Pedro Dinis
- Department
of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Somayah S. Elsayed
- Molecular
Biotechnology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300RA Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department
of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FIN20014 Turku, Finland
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3
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Hwang S, Lee Y, Kim JH, Kim G, Kim H, Kim W, Cho S, Palsson BO, Cho BK. Streptomyces as Microbial Chassis for Heterologous Protein Expression. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:804295. [PMID: 34993191 PMCID: PMC8724576 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.804295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous production of recombinant proteins is gaining increasing interest in biotechnology with respect to productivity, scalability, and wide applicability. The members of genus Streptomyces have been proposed as remarkable hosts for heterologous production due to their versatile nature of expressing various secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and secretory enzymes. However, there are several issues that limit their use, including low yield, difficulty in genetic manipulation, and their complex cellular features. In this review, we summarize rational engineering approaches to optimizing the heterologous production of secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins in Streptomyces species in terms of genetic tool development and chassis construction. Further perspectives on the development of optimal Streptomyces chassis by the design-build-test-learn cycle in systems are suggested, which may increase the availability of secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonkyu Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yongjae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gahyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyeseong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woori Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Suhyung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bernhard O Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Innovative Biomaterials Research Center, KAIST Institutes, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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4
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Toplak M, Teufel R. Three Rings to Rule Them All: How Versatile Flavoenzymes Orchestrate the Structural Diversification of Natural Products. Biochemistry 2021; 61:47-56. [PMID: 34962769 PMCID: PMC8772269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The structural diversification
of natural products is instrumental
to their versatile bioactivities. In this context, redox tailoring
enzymes are commonly involved in the modification and functionalization
of advanced pathway intermediates en route to the mature natural products.
In recent years, flavoprotein monooxygenases have been shown to mediate
numerous redox tailoring reactions that include not only (aromatic)
hydroxylation, Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, or epoxidation reactions
but also oxygenations that are coupled to extensive remodeling of
the carbon backbone, which are often central to the installment of
the respective pharmacophores. In this Perspective, we will highlight
recent developments and discoveries in the field of flavoenzyme catalysis
in bacterial natural product biosynthesis and illustrate how the flavin
cofactor can be fine-tuned to enable chemo-, regio-, and stereospecific
oxygenations via distinct flavin-C4a-peroxide and flavin-N5-(per)oxide
species. Open questions remain, e.g., regarding the breadth of chemical
reactions enabled particularly by the newly discovered flavin-N5-oxygen
adducts and the role of the protein environment in steering such cascade-like
reactions. Outstanding cases involving different flavin oxygenating
species will be exemplified by the tailoring of bacterial aromatic
polyketides, including enterocin, rubromycins, rishirilides, mithramycin,
anthracyclins, chartreusin, jadomycin, and xantholipin. In addition,
the biosynthesis of tropone natural products, including tropolone
and tropodithietic acid, will be presented, which features a recently
described prototypical flavoprotein dioxygenase that may combine flavin-N5-peroxide
and flavin-N5-oxide chemistry. Finally, structural and mechanistic
features of selected enzymes will be discussed as well as hurdles
for their application in the formation of natural product derivatives
via bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Toplak
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robin Teufel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Jiao FW, Wang YS, You XT, Wei W, Chen Y, Yang CL, Guo ZK, Zhang B, Liang Y, Tan RX, Jiao RH, Ge HM. An NADPH‐Dependent Ketoreductase Catalyses the Tetracyclic to Pentacyclic Skeletal Rearrangement in Chartreusin Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210046 China
| | - Xue Ting You
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Cheng Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhi Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou 571101 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210046 China
| | - Rui Hua Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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6
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Qi F, Zhang W, Xue Y, Geng C, Huang X, Sun J, Lu X. Bienzyme-Catalytic and Dioxygenation-Mediated Anthraquinone Ring Opening. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16326-16331. [PMID: 34586791 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The C-10-C-4a bond cleavage of anthraquinone is believed to be a crucial step in fungal seco-anthraquinone biosynthesis and has long been proposed as a classic Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. Nonetheless, genetic, enzymatic, and chemical information on ring opening remains elusive. Here, a revised questin ring-opening mechanism was elucidated by in vivo gene disruption, in vitro enzymatic analysis, and 18O chasing experiments. It has been confirmed that the reductase GedF is responsible for the reduction of the keto group at C-10 in questin to a hydroxyl group with the aid of NADPH. The C-10-C-4a bond of the resultant questin hydroquinone is subsequently cleaved by the atypical cofactor-free dioxygenase GedK, giving rise to desmethylsulochrin. This proposed bienzyme-catalytic and dioxygenation-mediated anthraquinone ring-opening reaction shows universality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingying Xue
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ce Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Xuenian Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Sun
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Marine Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
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7
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Jiao FW, Wang YS, You XT, Wei W, Chen Y, Yang CL, Guo ZK, Zhang B, Liang Y, Tan RX, Jiao RH, Ge HM. An NADPH-Dependent Ketoreductase Catalyses the Tetracyclic to Pentacyclic Skeletal Rearrangement in Chartreusin Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26378-26384. [PMID: 34590769 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Redox tailoring enzymes play key roles in generating structural complexity and diversity in type II polyketides. In chartreusin biosynthesis, the early 13 C-labeling experiments and bioinformatic analysis suggest the unusual aglycone is originated from a tetracyclic anthracyclic polyketide. Here, we demonstrated that the carbon skeleton rearrangement from a linear anthracyclic polyketide to an angular pentacyclic biosynthetic intermediate requires two redox enzymes. The flavin-dependent monooxygenase ChaZ catalyses a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation on resomycin C to form a seven-membered lactone. Subsequently, a ketoreductase ChaE rearranges the carbon skeleton and affords the α-pyrone containing pentacyclic intermediate in an NADPH-dependent manner via tandem reactions including the reduction of the lactone carbonyl group, Aldol-type reaction, followed by a spontaneous γ-lactone ring formation, oxidation and aromatization. Our work reveals an unprecedented function of a ketoreductase that contributes to generate structural complexity of aromatic polyketide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xue Ting You
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cheng Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhi Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Rui Hua Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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8
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Yuan F, Yin S, Xu Y, Xiang L, Wang H, Li Z, Fan K, Pan G. The Richness and Diversity of Catalases in Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:645477. [PMID: 33815333 PMCID: PMC8017148 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalases play a key role in the defense against oxidative stress in bacteria by catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2. In addition, catalases are also involved in multiple cellular processes, such as cell development and differentiation, as well as metabolite production. However, little is known about the abundance, diversity, and distribution of catalases in bacteria. In this study, we systematically surveyed and classified the homologs of three catalase families from 2,634 bacterial genomes. It was found that both of the typical catalase and Mn-catalase families could be divided into distinct groups, while the catalase-peroxidase homologs formed a tight family. The typical catalases are rich in all the analyzed bacterial phyla except Chlorobi, in which the catalase-peroxidases are dominant. Catalase-peroxidases are rich in many phyla, but lacking in Deinococcus-Thermus, Spirochetes, and Firmicutes. Mn-catalases are found mainly in Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thermus, but are rare in many other phyla. Given the fact that catalases were reported to be involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis in several Streptomyces strains, the distribution of catalases in the genus Streptomyces was given more attention herein. On average, there are 2.99 typical catalases and 0.99 catalase-peroxidases in each Streptomyces genome, while no Mn-catalases were identified. To understand detailed properties of catalases in Streptomyces, we characterized all the five typical catalases from S. rimosus ATCC 10970, the oxytetracycline-producing strain. The five catalases showed typical catalase activity, but possessed different catalytic properties. Our findings contribute to the more detailed classification of catalases and facilitate further studies about their physiological roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and other cellular processes, which might facilitate the yield improvement of valuable secondary metabolites in engineered bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouliang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Yang T, Yang K, Chen Y, Fan K. Characterization of a Bi-directional Promoter OtrRp Involved in Oxytetracycline Biosynthesis. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:1264-1269. [PMID: 31410507 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies identified a MarR (multiple antibiotic resistance regulator) family transcription factor OtrR in the oxytetracycline biosynthetic gene cluster, which regulated the expression of an efflux pump OtrB. The genes otrB and otrR were divergent arranged and the inter-ORF (open reading frame) region between the two genes contained the promoter otrBp. In this study, we demonstrated that the reverse complementary sequence of otrBp contained the promoter of otrR, and its activity was also repressed by OtrR by sharing the same operator otrO within otrBp, and allosteric regulated by oxytetracycline. Our findings offered a solid base for the synthetic biological application of the bi-direction promoter in controlling two elements at the same time using only one signal molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Keqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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10
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Fan K, Zhang Q. The functional differentiation of the post-PKS tailoring oxygenases contributed to the chemical diversities of atypical angucyclines. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:275-282. [PMID: 30533539 PMCID: PMC6260466 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angucyclines are one of the largest families of aromatic polyketides with various chemical structures and bioactivities. Decades of studies have made it easy for us to depict the picture of their early biosynthetic pathways. Two families of oxygenases, the FAD-dependent oxygenases and the ring opening oxygenases, contribute to the formation of some unique skeletons of atypical angucyclines. The FAD-dependent oxygenases involved in the biosynthetic gene clusters of typical angucyclines catalyze two hydroxylation reactions at C-12 and C-12b of prejadomycin, while their homolog JadH in jadomycin gene cluster catalyze the C-12 hydroxylation and 4a,12b-dehydration reactions of prejadomycin, which leads to the production of dehydrorabelomycin, a common intermediate during the biosynthesis of atypical angucyclines. Ring opening oxygenases of a unique family of oxygenases catalyze the oxidative C—C bond cleavage reaction of dehydrorabelomycin, followed by different rearrangement reactions, resulting in the formation of the various chemical skeletons of atypical angucyclines. These results suggested that the functional differentiation of these oxygenases could apparently enrich the sources of aromatic polyketides with greater structure diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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11
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Wang YS, Zhang B, Zhu J, Yang CL, Guo Y, Liu CL, Liu F, Huang H, Zhao S, Liang Y, Jiao RH, Tan RX, Ge HM. Molecular Basis for the Final Oxidative Rearrangement Steps in Chartreusin Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10909-10914. [PMID: 30067334 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative rearrangements play key roles in introducing structural complexity and biological activities of natural products biosynthesized by type II polyketide synthases (PKSs). Chartreusin (1) is a potent antitumor polyketide that contains a unique rearranged pentacyclic aromatic bilactone aglycone derived from a type II PKS. Herein, we report an unprecedented dioxygenase, ChaP, that catalyzes the final α-pyrone ring formation in 1 biosynthesis using flavin-activated oxygen as an oxidant. The X-ray crystal structures of ChaP and two homologues, docking studies, and site-directed mutagenesis provided insights into the molecular basis of the oxidative rearrangement that involves two successive C-C bond cleavage steps followed by lactonization. ChaP is the first example of a dioxygenase that requires a flavin-activated oxygen as a substrate despite lacking flavin binding sites, and represents a new class in the vicinal oxygen chelate enzyme superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jiapeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Cheng Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yu Guo
- iHuman Institute , Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Cheng Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Huiqin Huang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou 571101 , China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute , Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Rui Hua Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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12
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Forget SM, Robertson AW, Overy DP, Kerr RG, Jakeman DL. Furan and Lactam Jadomycin Biosynthetic Congeners Isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 Cultured with N ε-Trifluoroacetyl-l-lysine. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1860-1866. [PMID: 28520425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Angucycline antibiotics are composed of a classical four-ring angularly linked polyaromatic backbone. Differential cyclization chemistry of the A- and B-rings in jadomycin biosynthesis led to the discovery of two new furan analogues, while oxidation led to a ring-opened form of the jadomycin Nε-trifluoroacetyl-l-lysine (TFAL) congener. The compounds were isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 cultures grown with TFAL. Biosynthetic incorporation using d-[1-13C]-glucose in cultures enabled the unambiguous assignment of the aldehyde, alcohol, and amide functionalities present in these new congeners through NMR spectroscopy. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of cultures grown with 15Nα- or 15Nε-lysine demonstrated the incorporation of Nα exclusively into the angucycline backbone, contrasting results with ornithine [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3271]. Compounds were evaluated against antimicrobial and cancer cell panels and found to possess good activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David P Overy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Russell G Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
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13
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Isolation, structure elucidation and biosynthesis of benzo[b]fluorene nenestatin A from deep-sea derived Micromonospora echinospora SCSIO 04089. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Oxidative cyclizations are important transformations that occur widely during natural product biosynthesis. The transformations from acyclic precursors to cyclized products can afford morphed scaffolds, structural rigidity, and biological activities. Some of the most dramatic structural alterations in natural product biosynthesis occur through oxidative cyclization. In this Review, we examine the different strategies used by nature to create new intra(inter)molecular bonds via redox chemistry. This Review will cover both oxidation- and reduction-enabled cyclization mechanisms, with an emphasis on the former. Radical cyclizations catalyzed by P450, nonheme iron, α-KG-dependent oxygenases, and radical SAM enzymes are discussed to illustrate the use of molecular oxygen and S-adenosylmethionine to forge new bonds at unactivated sites via one-electron manifolds. Nonradical cyclizations catalyzed by flavin-dependent monooxygenases and NAD(P)H-dependent reductases are covered to show the use of two-electron manifolds in initiating cyclization reactions. The oxidative installations of epoxides and halogens into acyclic scaffolds to drive subsequent cyclizations are separately discussed as examples of "disappearing" reactive handles. Last, oxidative rearrangement of rings systems, including contractions and expansions, will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Cheng Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Christopher T. Walsh
- Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Engineered jadomycin analogues with altered sugar moieties revealing JadS as a substrate flexible O-glycosyltransferase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5291-5300. [PMID: 28429060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs)-mediated glycodiversification studies have drawn significant attention recently, with the goal of generating bioactive compounds with improved pharmacological properties by diversifying the appended sugars. The key to achieving glycodiversification is to identify natural and/or engineered flexible GTs capable of acting upon a broad range of substrates. Here, we report the use of a combinatorial biosynthetic approach to probe the substrate flexibility of JadS, the GT in jadomycin biosynthesis, towards different non-native NDP-sugar substrates, enabling us to identify six jadomycin B analogues with different sugar moieties. Further structural engineering by precursor-directed biosynthesis allowed us to obtain 11 new jadomycin analogues. Our results for the first time show that JadS is a flexible O-GT that can utilize both L- and D- sugars as donor substrates, and tolerate structural changes at the C2, C4 and C6 positions of the sugar moiety. JadS may be further exploited to generate novel glycosylated jadomycin molecules in future glycodiversification studies.
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16
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Wang P, Hong GJ, Wilson MR, Balskus EP. Production of Stealthin C Involves an S-N-Type Smiles Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2864-2867. [PMID: 28191843 PMCID: PMC5498114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The kinamycin family of aromatic polyketide natural products contains an atypical angucycline ring system substituted with a diazo group. The enzymatic chemistry involved in constructing both of these structural features has been largely unexplored. Here we report the in vivo and in vitro production of seongomycin, a shunt product from this pathway, and stealthin C, a proposed biosynthetic precursor to the kinamycins. We show that a single enzyme, the flavin-dependent monooxygenase AlpJ, can generate these metabolites from N-acetyl-l-cysteine and l-cysteine, respectively, and that the synthesis of stealthin C likely proceeds via a nonenzymatic S-N-type Smiles rearrangement. This unexpected route to stealthin C reveals a distinct approach to install aromatic amino groups in metabolites and raises questions about the intermediacy of this species in kinamycin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gloria J. Hong
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthew R. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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17
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Pan G, Gao X, Fan K, Liu J, Meng B, Gao J, Wang B, Zhang C, Han H, Ai G, Chen Y, Wu D, Liu ZJ, Yang K. Structure and Function of a C-C Bond Cleaving Oxygenase in Atypical Angucycline Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:142-152. [PMID: 28103689 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
C-C bond ring cleaving oxygenases represent a unique family of enzymes involved in the B ring cleavage reaction only observed in atypical angucycline biosynthesis. B ring cleavage is the key reaction leading to dramatic divergence in the final structures of atypical angucyclines. Here, we present the crystal structure of AlpJ, the first structure of this family of enzymes. AlpJ has been verified as the enzyme catalyzing C-C bond cleavage in kinamycin biosynthesis. The crystal structure of the AlpJ monomer resembles the dimeric structure of ferredoxin-like proteins. The N- and C-terminal halves of AlpJ are homologous, and both contain a putative hydrophobic substrate binding pocket in the "closed" and "open" conformations, respectively. Structural comparison of AlpJ with ActVA-Orf6 and protein-ligand docking analysis suggest that the residues including Asn60, Trp64, and Trp181 are possibly involved in substrate recognition. Site-directed mutagenesis results supported our hypothesis, as mutation of these residues led to nearly a complete loss of the activity of AlpJ. Structural analysis also revealed that AlpJ possesses an intramolecular domain-domain interface, where the residues His50 and Tyr178 form a hydrogen bond that probably stabilizes the three-dimensional structure of AlpJ. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the two residues, His50 and Tyr178, were vital for the activity of AlpJ. Our findings shed light on the structure and catalytic mechanism of the AlpJ family of oxygenases, which presumably involves two active sites that might function in a cooperative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Pan
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Gao
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keqiang Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlin Liu
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Meng
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinmin Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaobo Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guomin Ai
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihua Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wu
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Institute
of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Keqian Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Yin S, Li Z, Wang X, Wang H, Jia X, Ai G, Bai Z, Shi M, Yuan F, Liu T, Wang W, Yang K. Heterologous expression of oxytetracycline biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces venezuelae WVR2006 to improve production level and to alter fermentation process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10563-10572. [PMID: 27709288 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression is an important strategy to activate biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites. Here, it is employed to activate and manipulate the oxytetracycline (OTC) gene cluster and to alter OTC fermentation process. To achieve these goals, a fast-growing heterologous host Streptomyces venezuelae WVR2006 was rationally selected among several potential hosts. It shows rapid and dispersed growth and intrinsic high resistance to OTC. By manipulating the expression of two cluster-situated regulators (CSR) OtcR and OtrR and precursor supply, the OTC production level was significantly increased in this heterologous host from 75 to 431 mg/l only in 48 h, a level comparable to the native producer Streptomyces rimosus M4018 in 8 days. This work shows that S. venezuelae WVR2006 is a promising chassis for the production of secondary metabolites, and the engineered heterologous OTC producer has the potential to completely alter the fermentation process of OTC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhuan Wang
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Jia
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guomin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zishang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Liu
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 051430, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Wang W, Yang T, Li Y, Li S, Yin S, Styles K, Corre C, Yang K. Development of a Synthetic Oxytetracycline-Inducible Expression System for Streptomycetes Using de Novo Characterized Genetic Parts. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:765-73. [PMID: 27100123 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of gene expression using exogenous factors is of great significance. To develop ideal inducible expression systems for streptomycetes, new genetic parts, oxytetracycline responsive repressor OtrR, operator otrO, and promoter otrBp from Streptomyces rimosus, were selected de novo and characterized in vivo and in vitro. OtrR showed strong affinity to otrO (KD = 1.7 × 10(-10) M) and oxytetracycline induced dissociation of the OtrR/DNA complex in a concentration-dependent manner. On the basis of these genetic parts, a synthetic inducible expression system Potr* was optimized. Induction of Potr* with 0.01-4 μM of oxytetracycline triggered a wide-range expression level of gfp reporter gene in different Streptomyces species. Benchmarking Potr* against the widely used constitutive promoters ermE* and kasOp* revealed greatly enhanced levels of expression when Potr* was fully induced. Finally, Potr* was used as a tool to activate and optimize the expression of the silent jadomycin biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces venezuelae. Altogether, the synthetic Potr* presents a new versatile tool for fine-tuning gene expression in streptomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongjian Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihong Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouliang Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kathryn Styles
- School
of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Corre
- School
of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Keqian Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Myronovskyi M, Luzhetskyy A. Native and engineered promoters in natural product discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1006-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of biosynthetic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Myronovskyi
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Saarland University
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21
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Li S, Wang J, Li X, Yin S, Wang W, Yang K. Genome-wide identification and evaluation of constitutive promoters in streptomycetes. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:172. [PMID: 26515616 PMCID: PMC4625935 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Streptomycetes attract a lot of attention in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology because of their well-known ability to produce secondary metabolites. However, the available constitutive promoters are rather limited in this genus. Results In this work, constitutive promoters were selected from a pool of promoters whose downstream genes maintained constant expression profiles in various conditions. A total of 941 qualified genes were selected based on systematic analysis of five sets of time-series transcriptome microarray data of Streptomyces coelicolor M145 cultivated under different conditions. Then, 166 putative constitutive promoters were selected by following a rational selection workflow containing disturbance analysis, function analysis, genetic loci analysis, and transcript abundance analysis. Further, eight promoters with different strengths were chosen and subjected to experimental validation by green fluorescent protein reporter and real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction in S. coelicolor, Streptomyces venezuelae and Streptomyces albus. The eight promoters drove the stable expression of downstream genes in different conditions, implying that the 166 promoters that we identified might be constitutive under the genus Streptomyces. Four promoters were used in a plug-and-play platform to control the expression of the cryptic cluster of jadomycin B in S. venezuelae ISP5230 and resulted in different levels of the production of jadomycin B that corresponded to promoter strength. Conclusions This work identified and evaluated a set of constitutive promoters with different strengths in streptomycetes, and it enriched the presently available promoter toolkit in this genus. These promoters should be valuable in current platforms of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for the activation of cryptic biosynthetic clusters and the optimization of pathways for the biosynthesis of important natural products in Streptomyces species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0351-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shouliang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Yang C, Huang C, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Zhang C. Heterologous Expression of Fluostatin Gene Cluster Leads to a Bioactive Heterodimer. Org Lett 2015; 17:5324-7. [PMID: 26465097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunshuai Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology,
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
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23
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Robertson AW, Martinez-Farina CF, Smithen DA, Yin H, Monro S, Thompson A, McFarland SA, Syvitski RT, Jakeman DL. Eight-Membered Ring-Containing Jadomycins: Implications for Non-enzymatic Natural Products Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3271-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5114672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huimin Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Susan Monro
- Department
of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | | | - Sherri A. McFarland
- Department
of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Raymond T. Syvitski
- Institute
for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1, Canada
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24
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Wang B, Ren J, Li L, Guo F, Pan G, Ai G, Aigle B, Fan K, Yang K. Kinamycin biosynthesis employs a conserved pair of oxidases for B-ring contraction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8845-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A conserved pair of oxidases is characterized as nature's machinery for benzofluorenone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Liyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Guohui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Guomin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Bertrand Aigle
- Université de Lorraine
- Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne
- Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy
- France
- INRA
| | - Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
| | - Keqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 100101 Beijing
- China
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25
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Janso JE, Haltli BA, Eustáquio AS, Kulowski K, Waldman AJ, Zha L, Nakamura H, Bernan VS, He H, Carter GT, Koehn FE, Balskus EP. Discovery of the lomaiviticin biosynthetic gene cluster in Salinispora pacifica.. Tetrahedron 2014; 70:4156-4164. [PMID: 25045187 PMCID: PMC4101813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The lomaiviticins are a family of cytotoxic marine natural products that have captured the attention of both synthetic and biological chemists due to their intricate molecular scaffolds and potent biological activities. Here we describe the identification of the gene cluster responsible for lomaiviticin biosynthesis in Salinispora pacifica strains DPJ-0016 and DPJ-0019 using a combination of molecular approaches and genome sequencing. The link between the lom gene cluster and lomaiviticin production was confirmed using bacterial genetics, and subsequent analysis and annotation of this cluster revealed the biosynthetic basis for the core polyketide scaffold. Additionally, we have used comparative genomics to identify candidate enzymes for several unusual tailoring events, including diazo formation and oxidative dimerization. These findings will allow further elucidation of the biosynthetic logic of lomaiviticin assembly and provide useful molecular tools for application in biocatalysis and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E. Janso
- Natural Products, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06355, United States
| | - Brad A. Haltli
- Natural Products, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06355, United States
| | - Alessandra S. Eustáquio
- Natural Products, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06355, United States
| | - Kerry Kulowski
- Natural Products, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06355, United States
| | - Abraham J. Waldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Li Zha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Valerie S. Bernan
- Natural Products, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06355, United States
| | - Haiyin He
- Natural Products, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06355, United States
| | - Guy T. Carter
- Natural Products, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06355, United States
| | - Frank E. Koehn
- Natural Products, Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06355, United States
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
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26
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Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Li S, Lin Q, Fu P, Zhang G, Zhang H, Shi R, Zhu W, Zhang C. Insights into Caerulomycin A Biosynthesis: A Two-Component Monooxygenase CrmH-Catalyzed Oxime Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18750-3. [PMID: 24295370 DOI: 10.1021/ja410513g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Zhu
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center
for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia
Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, P. R. China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center
for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia
Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sumei Li
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center
for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia
Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, P. R. China
| | - Qinheng Lin
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center
for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia
Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center
for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia
Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center
for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia
Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, P. R. China
| | - Rong Shi
- Département
de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO et IBIS, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM Center
for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia
Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, P. R. China
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27
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Zhang Y, Pan G, Zou Z, Fan K, Yang K, Tan H. JadR*-mediated feed-forward regulation of cofactor supply in jadomycin biosynthesis. Mol Microbiol 2013; 90:884-97. [PMID: 24112541 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Jadomycin production is under complex regulation in Streptomyces venezuelae. Here, another cluster-situated regulator, JadR*, was shown to negatively regulate jadomycin biosynthesis by binding to four upstream regions of jadY, jadR1, jadI and jadE in jad gene cluster respectively. The transcriptional levels of four target genes of JadR* increased significantly in ΔjadR*, confirming that these genes were directly repressed by JadR*. Jadomycin B (JdB) and its biosynthetic intermediates 2,3-dehydro-UWM6 (DHU), dehydrorabelomycin (DHR) and jadomycin A (JdA) modulated the DNA-binding activities of JadR* on the jadY promoter, with DHR giving the strongest dissociation effects. Direct interactions between JadR* and these ligands were further demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance, which showed that DHR has the highest affinity for JadR*. However, only DHU and DHR could induce the expression of jadY and jadR* in vivo. JadY is the FMN/FAD reductase supplying cofactors FMNH₂/FADH₂ for JadG, an oxygenase, that catalyses the conversion of DHR to JdA. Therefore, our results revealed that JadR* and early pathway intermediates, particularly DHR, regulate cofactor supply by a convincing case of a feed-forward mechanism. Such delicate regulation of expression of jadY could ensure a timely supply of cofactors FMNH₂/FADH₂ for jadomycin biosynthesis, and avoid unnecessary consumption of NAD(P)H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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