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Hutka B, Várallyay A, László SB, Tóth AS, Scheich B, Paku S, Vörös I, Pós Z, Varga ZV, Norman DD, Balogh A, Benyó Z, Tigyi G, Gyires K, Zádori ZS. A dual role of lysophosphatidic acid type 2 receptor (LPAR2) in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mouse enteropathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:339-353. [PMID: 37816857 PMCID: PMC10789874 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid mediator that has been found to ameliorate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric injury by acting on lysophosphatidic acid type 2 receptor (LPAR2). In this study, we investigated whether LPAR2 signaling was implicated in the development of NSAID-induced small intestinal injury (enteropathy), another major complication of NSAID use. Wild-type (WT) and Lpar2 deficient (Lpar2-/-) mice were treated with a single, large dose (20 or 30 mg/kg, i.g.) of indomethacin (IND). The mice were euthanized at 6 or 24 h after IND treatment. We showed that IND-induced mucosal enteropathy and neutrophil recruitment occurred much earlier (at 6 h after IND treatment) in Lpar2-/- mice compared to WT mice, but the tissue levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, inducible COX-2, CAMP) remained at much lower levels. Administration of a selective LPAR2 agonist DBIBB (1, 10 mg/kg, i.g., twice at 24 h and 30 min before IND treatment) dose-dependently reduced mucosal injury and neutrophil activation in enteropathy, but it also enhanced IND-induced elevation of several proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. By assessing caspase-3 activation, we found significantly increased intestinal apoptosis in IND-treated Lpar2-/- mice, but it was attenuated after DBIBB administration, especially in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. Finally, we showed that IND treatment reduced the plasma activity and expression of autotaxin (ATX), the main LPA-producing enzyme, and also reduced the intestinal expression of Lpar2 mRNA, which preceded the development of mucosal damage. We conclude that LPAR2 has a dual role in NSAID enteropathy, as it contributes to the maintenance of mucosal integrity after NSAID exposure, but also orchestrates the inflammatory responses associated with ulceration. Our study suggests that IND-induced inhibition of the ATX-LPAR2 axis is an early event in the pathogenesis of enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hutka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Várallyay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia B László
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András S Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Scheich
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Paku
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Vörös
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pós
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Derek D Norman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SU Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Gyires
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán S Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Hamu-Tanoue A, Takagi K, Taketomi Y, Miki Y, Nishito Y, Kano K, Aoki J, Matsuyama T, Kondo K, Dotake Y, Matsuyama H, Machida K, Murakami M, Inoue H. Group III secreted phospholipase A 2 -driven lysophospholipid pathway protects against allergic asthma. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23428. [PMID: 38236184 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301976r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of airway obstruction, hyperresponsiveness, remodeling, and eosinophilia. Phospholipase A2 s (PLA2 s), which release fatty acids and lysophospholipids from membrane phospholipids, have been implicated in exacerbating asthma by generating pro-asthmatic lipid mediators, but an understanding of the association between individual PLA2 subtypes and asthma is still incomplete. Here, we show that group III-secreted PLA2 (sPLA2 -III) plays an ameliorating, rather than aggravating, role in asthma pathology. In both mouse and human lungs, sPLA2 -III was expressed in bronchial epithelial cells and decreased during the asthmatic response. In an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model, Pla2g3-/- mice exhibited enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, OVA-specific IgE production, and type 2 cytokine expression as compared to Pla2g3+/+ mice. Lipidomics analysis showed that the pulmonary levels of several lysophospholipids, including lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), were decreased in OVA-challenged Pla2g3-/- mice relative to Pla2g3+/+ mice. LPA receptor 2 (LPA2 ) agonists suppressed thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) expression in bronchial epithelial cells and reversed airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilia in Pla2g3-/- mice, suggesting that sPLA2 -III negatively regulates allergen-induced asthma at least by producing LPA. Thus, the activation of the sPLA2 -III-LPA pathway may be a new therapeutic target for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Hamu-Tanoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Takagi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kondo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Dotake
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsuyama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Machida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Abdelwahid MS, Ohsawa K, Uwamizu A, Kano K, Aoki J, Doi T. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Lysophosphatidic Acid Analogues Using Conformational Restriction and Bioisosteric Replacement Strategies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49278-49288. [PMID: 38162765 PMCID: PMC10753746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a key player in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. The biological activities of LPA are mediated through interactions with-at least-six subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) named LPA1-6. Developing a pharmacological tool molecule that activates LPA subtype receptors selectively will allow a better understanding of their specific physiological roles. Here, we designed and synthesized conformationally restricted 25 1-oleoyl LPA analogues MZN-001 to MZN-025 by incorporating its glycerol linker into dihydropyran, tetrahydropyran, and pyrrolidine rings and variating the lipophilic chain. The agonistic activities of these compounds were evaluated using the TGFα shedding assay. Overall, the synthesized analogues exhibited significantly reduced agonistic activities toward LPA1, LPA2, and LPA6, while demonstrating potent activities toward LPA3, LPA4, and LPA5 compared to the parent LPA. Specifically, MZN-010 showed more than 10 times greater potency (EC50 = 4.9 nM) than the standard 1-oleoyl LPA (EC50 = 78 nM) toward LPA5 while exhibiting significantly lower activity on LPA1, LPA2, and LPA6 and comparable potency toward LPA3 and LPA4. Based on the MZN-010 scaffold, we synthesized additional analogues with improved selectivity and potency toward LPA5. Compound MZN-021, which contains a saturated lipophilic chain, exhibited 50 times more potent activity (EC50 = 1.2 nM) than the natural LPA against LPA5 with over a 45-fold higher selectivity when compared to those of other LPA receptors. Thus, MZN-021 was found to be a potent and selective LPA5 agonist. The findings of this study could contribute to broadening the current knowledge about the stereochemical and three-dimensional arrangement of LPA pharmacophore components inside LPA receptors and paving the way toward synthesizing other subtype-selective pharmacological probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin
A. S. Abdelwahid
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ohsawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akiharu Uwamizu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Bai R, Pei J, Pei S, Cong X, Chun J, Wang F, Chen X. LPA 2 Alleviates Septic Acute Lung Injury via Protective Endothelial Barrier Function Through Activation of PLC-PKC-FAK. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5095-5109. [PMID: 38026263 PMCID: PMC10640838 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s419578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased endothelial permeability of pulmonary vessels is a primary pathological characteristic of septic acute lung injury (ALI). Previously, elevated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels and LPA2 (an LPA receptor) expression have been found in the peripheral blood and lungs of septic mice, respectively. However, the specific role of LPA2 in septic ALI remains unclear. Methods A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of sepsis was established in wild-type (WT) and global LPA2 knockout (Lpar2-/-) mice. We examined mortality, lung injury, assessed endothelial permeability through Evans blue dye (EBD) assay in vivo, and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells (MLMECs) in vitro. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), histopathological, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were employed to investigate the role of LPA2 in septic ALI. Results Lpar2 deficiency increased vascular endothelial permeability, impaired lung injury, and increased mortality. Histological examination revealed aggravated inflammation, edema, hemorrhage and alveolar septal thickening in the lungs of septic Lpar2-/- mice. In vitro, loss of Lpar2 resulted in increased permeability of MLMECs. Pharmacological activation of LPA2 by the agonist DBIBB led to significantly reduced inflammation, edema and hemorrhage, as well as increased expression of the vascular endothelial tight junction (TJ) protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5, as well as the adheren junction (AJ) protein VE-cadherin. Moreover, DBIBB treatment was found to alleviate mortality by protecting against vascular endothelial permeability. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that vascular endothelial permeability was alleviated through LPA-LPA2 signaling via the PLC-PKC-FAK pathway. Conclusion These data provide a novel mechanism of endothelial barrier protection via PLC-PKC-FAK pathway and suggest that LPA2 may contribute to the therapeutic effects of septic ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jerold Chun
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Kenchegowda D, Bolduc DL, Kurada L, Blakely WF. Severity scoring systems for radiation-induced GI injury - Prioritization for use of GI-ARS medical countermeasures. Int J Radiat Biol 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37172305 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2210669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Severity scoring systems for ionizing radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury have been used in animal radiation models, human studies involving the use of radiation therapy, and radiation accidents. Various radiation exposure scenarios (i.e., total body irradiation, total abdominal irradiation, etc.) have been used to investigate ionizing radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. These radiation-induced GI severity scoring systems are based on clinical signs and symptoms and gastrointestinal-specific biomarkers (i.e., citrulline, etc.). In addition, the time course for radiation-induced changes in blood citrulline levels were compared across various animal (i.e., mice, minipigs, Rhesus Macaque, etc.) and human model systems. CONCLUSIONS A worksheet tool was developed to prioritize individuals with severe life-threatening gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome, based on the design of the Exposure and Symptom Tool addressing hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome, to rescue individuals from potential gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome injury. This tool provides a triage diagnostic approach to assist first-responders to assess individuals suspected of showing gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome severity to guide medical management, hence enhancing medical readiness for managing radiological casualties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreswamy Kenchegowda
- Biodosimetry Program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David L Bolduc
- Biodosimetry Program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lalitha Kurada
- Biodosimetry Program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - William F Blakely
- Biodosimetry Program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Yanagida K, Shimizu T. Lysophosphatidic acid, a simple phospholipid with myriad functions. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108421. [PMID: 37080433 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid consisting of a phosphate group, glycerol moiety, and only one hydrocarbon chain. Despite its simple chemical structure, LPA plays an important role as an essential bioactive signaling molecule via its specific six G protein-coupled receptors, LPA1-6. Recent studies, especially those using genetic tools, have revealed diverse physiological and pathological roles of LPA and LPA receptors in almost every organ system. Furthermore, many studies are illuminating detailed mechanisms to orchestrate multiple LPA receptor signaling pathways and to facilitate their coordinated function. Importantly, these extensive "bench" works are now translated into the "bedside" as exemplified by approaches targeting LPA1 signaling to combat fibrotic diseases. In this review, we discuss the physiological and pathological roles of LPA signaling and their implications for clinical application by focusing on findings revealed by in vivo studies utilizing genetic tools targeting LPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Fooladi M, Shirazi A, Sheikhzadeh P, Amirrashedi M, Ghahramani F, Cheki M, Khoobi M. Investigating the attenuating effect of telmisartan against radiation-induced intestinal injury using 18F-FDG micro-PET imaging. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:446-458. [PMID: 35930426 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the ability of 18F-Fluro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG)-based micro-positron emission tomography (microPET) imaging to evaluate the efficacy of telmisartan, a highly selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARA), in intestinal tissue recovery process after in vivo irradiation. METHODS Male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups of control, telmisartan, irradiation, and telmisartan + irradiation. A solution of telmisartan in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered orally at 12 mg/kg body weight for seven consecutive days prior to whole body exposing to a single sub-lethal dose of 5 Gy X-rays. The mice were imaged using 18F-FDG microPET at 9 and 30 days post-irradiation. The 18F-FDG uptake in jejunum was determined according to the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) index. Tissues were also processed in similar time points for histological analysis. RESULTS The 18F-FDG microPET imaging confirmed the efficacy of telmisartan as a potent attenuating agent for ionizing radiation-induced injury of intestine in mice model. The results were also in line with the histological analysis indicating that pretreatment with telmisartan reduced damage to the villi, crypts, and intestinal mucosa compared with irradiated and non-treated group from day 9 to 30 after irradiation. CONCLUSION The results revealed that 18F-FDG microPET imaging could be a good candidate to replace time-consuming and invasive biological techniques for screening of radioprotective agents. These findings were also confirmed by histological examinations which indicated that telmisartan can effectively attenuates radiation injury caused by ionizing-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Fooladi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Amirrashedi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahramani
- Radiotherapy-Oncology Center, Yas Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Biomaterials Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Pei J, Cai L, Wang F, Xu C, Pei S, Guo H, Sun X, Chun J, Cong X, Zhu W, Zheng Z, Chen X. LPA 2 Contributes to Vascular Endothelium Homeostasis and Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2022; 131:388-403. [PMID: 35920162 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most dangerous adverse cardiovascular events. Our previous study found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is increased in human peripheral blood after MI, and LPA has a protective effect on the survival and proliferation of various cell types. However, the role of LPA and its receptors in MI is less understood. OBJECTIVES To study the unknown role of LPA and its receptors in heart during MI. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we found that mice also had elevated LPA level in peripheral blood, as well as increased cardiac expression of its receptor LPA2 in the early stages after MI. With adult and neonate MI models in global Lpar2 knockout (Lpar2-KO) mice, we found Lpar2 deficiency increased vascular leak leading to disruption of its homeostasis, so as to impaired heart function and increased early mortality. Histological examination revealed larger scar size, increased fibrosis, and reduced vascular density in the heart of Lpar2-KO mice. Furthermore, Lpar2-KO also attenuated blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation with decreased vascular density in gastrocnemius. Our study revealed that Lpar2 was mainly expressed and altered in cardiac endothelial cells during MI, and use of endothelial-specific Lpar2 knockout mice phenocopied the global knockout mice. Additionally, adenovirus-Lpar2 and pharmacologically activated LPA2 significantly improved heart function, reduced scar size, increased vascular formation, and alleviated early mortality by maintaining vascular homeostasis owing to protecting vessels from leakage. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that LPA-LPA2 signaling could promote endothelial cell proliferation through PI3K-Akt/PLC-Raf1-Erk pathway and enhanced endothelial cell tube formation via PKD1-CD36 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that endothelial LPA-LPA2 signaling promotes angiogenesis and maintains vascular homeostasis, which is vital for restoring blood flow and repairing tissue function in ischemic injuries. Targeting LPA-LPA2 signal might have clinical therapeutic potential to protect the heart from ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (J.P., L.C., C.X., S.P., X.C., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Central-China Hospital, Central-China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China (J.P., Z.Z.)
| | - Lin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (J.P., L.C., C.X., S.P., X.C., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China (L.C.)
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center of Laboratory Medicine (F.W., X. Cong, X. Chen), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuansheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (J.P., L.C., C.X., S.P., X.C., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqiang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (J.P., L.C., C.X., S.P., X.C., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.G., X.S., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.G., X.S., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.)
| | - Xiangfeng Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center of Laboratory Medicine (F.W., X. Cong, X. Chen), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (W.Z.)
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (H.G., X.S., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Central-China Hospital, Central-China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China (J.P., Z.Z.)
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (J.P., L.C., C.X., S.P., X.C., Z.Z.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center of Laboratory Medicine (F.W., X. Cong, X. Chen), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Liu W, Hopkins AM, Hou J. The development of modulators for lysophosphatidic acid receptors: A comprehensive review. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105386. [PMID: 34695732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) are bioactive phospholipids implicated in a wide range of cellular activities that regulate a diverse array of biological functions. They recognize two types of G protein-coupled receptors (LPARs): LPA1-3 receptors and LPA4-6 receptors that belong to the endothelial gene (EDG) family and non-endothelial gene family, respectively. In recent years, the LPA signaling pathway has captured an increasing amount of attention because of its involvement in various diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cancers, cardiovascular diseases and neuropathic pain, making it a promising target for drug development. While no drugs targeting LPARs have been approved by the FDA thus far, at least three antagonists have entered phase Ⅱ clinical trials for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (BMS-986020 and BMS-986278) and systemic sclerosis (SAR100842), and one radioligand (BMT-136088/18F-BMS-986327) has entered phase Ⅰ clinical trials for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This article provides an extensive review on the current status of ligand development targeting LPA receptors to modulate LPA signaling and their therapeutic potential in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University and Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Austin M Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University and Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Jinqiang Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University and Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada.
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Nishiyama Y, Morita A, Wang B, Sakai T, Ramadhani D, Satoh H, Tanaka K, Sasatani M, Ochi S, Tominaga M, Ikushima H, Ueno J, Nenoi M, Aoki S. Evaluation of sodium orthovanadate as a radioprotective agent under total-body irradiation and partial-body irradiation conditions in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1241-1251. [PMID: 34125648 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous study indicated that sodium orthovanadate (vanadate), a strong inhibitor of p53, effectively suppressed the lethality from the hematopoietic (HP) and gastrointestinal (GI) syndromes after 12 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI) in mice. This conclusion, however, was inconsistent with the fact that p53 plays a radioprotective role in the intestinal epithelium. The death after TBI of around 12 Gy was attributed to a combined effect of HP and GI syndromes. To verify the effect from prophylactic administration of p53 inhibitor on protection of HP and GI syndromes, in this study, the radioprotective effects from vanadate were investigated in TBI and lower half-body irradiation (partial-body irradiation: PBI) mouse models. METHODS Female ICR mice were given a single injection of vanadate or vehicle, followed by a lethal dose of TBI or PBI. Radioprotective effects of vanadate against the irradiations were evaluated by analyzing survival rate, body weight, hematopoietic parameters, and histological changes in the bone marrow and intestinal epithelium. RESULTS TBI-induced HP syndrome was effectively suppressed by vanadate treatment. After TBI, the vanadate-treated mice retained better bone marrow cellularity and showed markedly higher survival rate compared to the vehicle-treated animals. In contrast, vanadate did not relieve loss of intestinal crypts and failed to rescue mice from GI death after PBI. CONCLUSION Vanadate is a p53 inhibitor that has been shown to be beneficial as a radiation protective agent against HP but was not effective in protecting against acute GI radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akinori Morita
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuma Sakai
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Dwi Ramadhani
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Radiation Safety Technology and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hidetoshi Satoh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Research Center for Radiation Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ochi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahide Tominaga
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikushima
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junji Ueno
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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11
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Antagonists and Cancer: The Current Trends, Clinical Implications, and Trials. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071629. [PMID: 34209775 PMCID: PMC8306951 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid mediator primarily derived from membrane phospholipids. LPA initiates cellular effects upon binding to a family of G protein-coupled receptors, termed LPA receptors (LPAR1 to LPAR6). LPA signaling drives cell migration and proliferation, cytokine production, thrombosis, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Since the expression and function of LPA receptors are critical for cellular effects, selective antagonists may represent a potential treatment for a broad range of illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, voiding dysfunctions, and various types of cancers. More new LPA receptor antagonists have shown their therapeutic potentials, although most are still in the preclinical trial stage. This review provided integrative information and summarized preclinical findings and recent clinical trials of different LPA receptor antagonists in cancer progression and resistance. Targeting LPA receptors can have potential applications in clinical patients with various diseases, including cancer.
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12
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Amini P, Ashrafizadeh M, Motevaseli E, Najafi M, Shirazi A. Mitigation of radiation-induced hematopoietic system injury by melatonin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:815-821. [PMID: 32125094 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased risks of exposure to accidental radiation events are a concern in today's world. Radiation terror, nuclear explosion, as well as accidental exposure to radioactive sources in some industries pose a threat to the life of exposed persons. Studies have been conducted using some low-toxic agents to mitigate radiation toxicity and increase survival probability for exposed people. In the current study, we aimed to show the mitigation of radiation-induced mortality and bone marrow toxicity using postirradiation treatment with melatonin. METHOD Mice whole bodies were exposed to 4 or 7 Gy radiation followed by treatment with melatonin after 24 hours. Survival of mice with or without melatonin, the levels of peripheral cells, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the bone marrow, as well as the expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 and NOX4 in bone marrow cells were evaluated. RESULTS Whole body irradiation led to mortality 30 days after irradiation. However, melatonin treatment reduced mortality. Irradiation also showed severe reduction of lymphocytes, platelets, and red blood cells. The expressions of NOX2 and NOX4, in addition to TGF-β level, were increased after exposure to radiation. Melatonin ameliorated the increased levels of these factors and improved the number of blood cells. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin showed ability to mitigate radiation-induced hematopoietic system toxicity and also increased survival rate. These results suggest that melatonin could be a potential mitigator for accidental radiation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shukla PK, Meena AS, Gangwar R, Szabo E, Balogh A, Chin Lee S, Vandewalle A, Tigyi G, Rao R. LPAR2 receptor activation attenuates radiation-induced disruption of apical junctional complexes and mucosal barrier dysfunction in mouse colon. FASEB J 2020; 34:11641-11657. [PMID: 32654268 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000544r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The tight junction (TJ) and barrier function of colonic epithelium is highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. We evaluated the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its analog, Radioprotein-1, on γ-radiation-induced colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction using Caco-2 and m-ICC12 cell monolayers in vitro and mice in vivo. Mice were subjected to either total body irradiation (TBI) or partial body irradiation (PBI-BM5). Intestinal barrier function was assessed by analyzing immunofluorescence localization of TJ proteins, mucosal inulin permeability, and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Oxidative stress was analyzed by measuring protein thiol oxidation and antioxidant mRNA. In Caco-2 and m-ICC12 cell monolayers, LPA attenuated radiation-induced redistribution of TJ proteins, which was blocked by a Rho-kinase inhibitor. In mice, TBI and PBI-BM5 disrupted colonic epithelial tight junction and adherens junction, increased mucosal permeability, and elevated plasma LPS; TJ disruption by TBI was more severe in Lpar2-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. RP1, administered before or after irradiation, alleviated TBI and PBI-BM5-induced TJ disruption, barrier dysfunction, and endotoxemia accompanied by protein thiol oxidation and downregulation of antioxidant gene expression, cofilin activation, and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. These data demonstrate that LPAR2 receptor activation prevents and mitigates γ-irradiation-induced colonic mucosal barrier dysfunction and endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Shukla
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Avtar S Meena
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ruchika Gangwar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Erzsebet Szabo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alain Vandewalle
- INSERM U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale, Bichat-Beaujon, CRB3, UFR de Médecine, Paris Cedex 18, France
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - RadhaKrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Sadeghi H, Bagheri H, Shekarchi B, Javadi A, Najafi M. Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal System Injury by Melatonin: A Histopathological Study. Curr Drug Res Rev 2020; 12:72-79. [PMID: 32578524 DOI: 10.2174/2589977511666191031094625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of melatonin in the mitigation of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. BACKGROUND Organs of the gastrointestinal system such as the intestines, colon, duodenum, ileum etc. are sensitive to ionizing radiation. Mitigation of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury is an interesting topic in radiobiology and a life-saving approach for exposed persons after a radiation event or improving the quality of life of radiotherapy patients. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to find the possible mitigation effect of melatonin on radiation-induced damage to the small and large intestines. METHODS 40 male mice were randomly assigned into four groups namely G1: control, G2: melatonin treatment, G3: whole-body irradiation, and G4: melatonin treatment after whole-body irradiation. A cobalt-60 gamma-ray source was used to deliver 7 Gy to the whole body. 100 mg/kg melatonin was administered orally 24 h after irradiation and continued for 5 days. Thirty days after irradiation, histopathological evaluations were performed. RESULTS The whole-body irradiation led to remarkable inflammation, villi shortening, apoptosis and damage to goblet cells of the small intestine. Furthermore, moderate to severe inflammation, apoptosis, congestion, crypt injury and goblet cell damage were reported for the colon. Treatment with melatonin after whole-body irradiation led to significant mitigation of radiation toxicity in both small and large intestines. CONCLUSION Melatonin could mitigate intestinal injury following whole-body exposure to radiation. Treatment with melatonin after an accidental exposure to radiation may increase survival via mitigation of damages to radiosensitive organs, including the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sadeghi
- AJA Radiation Sciences Radiation Sciences (ARSRC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Bagheri
- AJA Radiation Sciences Radiation Sciences (ARSRC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Shekarchi
- AJA Radiation Sciences Radiation Sciences (ARSRC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Javadi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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15
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Yanagida K, Valentine WJ. Druggable Lysophospholipid Signaling Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:137-176. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Farhood B, Hassanzadeh G, Amini P, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Khodamoradi E, Mohseni M, Aliasgharzadeh A, Moradi H, Najafi M. Mitigation of Radiation-induced Gastrointestinal System Injury using Resveratrol or Alpha-lipoic Acid: A Pilot Histopathological Study. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:413-424. [PMID: 31713500 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666191111124028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we aimed to determine possible mitigation of radiationinduced toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon using post-exposure treatment with resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid. BACKGROUND After the bone marrow, gastrointestinal system toxicity is the second critical cause of death following whole-body exposure to radiation. Its side effects reduce the quality of life of patients who have undergone radiotherapy. Resveratrol has an antioxidant effect and stimulates DNA damage responses (DDRs). Alpha-lipoic acid neutralizes free radicals via the recycling of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. OBJECTIVE This study is a pilot investigation of the mitigation of enteritis using resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid following histopathological study. METHODS 60 male mice were randomly assigned to six groups; control, resveratrol treatment, alpha-lipoic acid treatment, whole-body irradiation, irradiation plus resveratrol, and irradiation plus alpha-lipoic acid. The mice were irradiated with a single dose of 7 Gy from a cobalt-60 gamma-ray source. Treatment with resveratrol or alpha-lipoic acid started 24 h after irradiation and continued for 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after 30 days for histopathological evaluation of radiation-induced toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Exposure to radiation caused mild to severe damages to vessels, goblet cells and villous. It also led to significant infiltration of macrophages and leukocytes, especially in the colon. Both resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid were able to mitigate morphological changes. However, they could not mitigate vascular injury. CONCLUSION Resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid could mitigate radiation-induced injuries in the small and large intestine. A comparison between these agents showed that resveratrol may be a more effective mitigator compared to alpha-lipoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Akbar Aliasgharzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Habiballah Moradi
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Kim YJ, Jeong J, Shin SH, Lee DY, Sohn KY, Yoon SY, Kim JW. Mitigating Effects of 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) on Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome after Total-Body Ionizing Irradiation in Mice. Radiat Res 2019; 192:602-611. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15440.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jae Kim
- Division of Global New Drug Development, Enzychem Lifesciences, Jecheon 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseon Jeong
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Lee
- Division of Global New Drug Development, Enzychem Lifesciences, Jecheon 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Sohn
- Division of Global New Drug Development, Enzychem Lifesciences, Jecheon 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- Division of Global New Drug Development, Enzychem Lifesciences, Jecheon 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Tigyi GJ, Johnson LR, Lee SC, Norman DD, Szabo E, Balogh A, Thompson K, Boler A, McCool WS. Lysophosphatidic acid type 2 receptor agonists in targeted drug development offer broad therapeutic potential. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:464-474. [PMID: 30692142 PMCID: PMC6399510 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s091744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth factor-like lipid mediator, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is a potent signaling molecule that influences numerous physiologic and pathologic processes. Manipulation of LPA signaling is of growing pharmacotherapeutic interest, especially because LPA resembles compounds with drug-like features. The action of LPA is mediated through activation of multiple types of molecular targets, including six G protein-coupled receptors that are clear targets for drug development. However, the LPA signaling has been linked to pathological responses that include promotion of fibrosis, atherogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Thus, a question arises: Can we harness, in an LPA-like drug, the many beneficial activities of this lipid without eliciting its dreadful actions? We developed octadecyl thiophosphate (OTP; subsequently licensed as Rx100), an LPA mimic with higher stability in vivo than LPA. This article highlights progress made toward developing analogs like OTP and exploring prosurvival and regenerative LPA signaling. We determined that LPA prevents cell death triggered by various cellular stresses, including genotoxic stressors, and rescues cells condemned to apoptosis. LPA2 agonists provide a new treatment option for secretory diarrhea and reduce gastric erosion caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The potential uses of LPA2 agonists like OTP and sulfamoyl benzoic acid-based radioprotectins must be further explored for therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor J Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
- RxBio Inc. Memphis, TN 38163
- Research Division Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104
| | - Leonard R Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
- RxBio Inc. Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Derek D Norman
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
- Research Division Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104
| | - Erzsebet Szabo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
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Leysen H, van Gastel J, Hendrickx JO, Santos-Otte P, Martin B, Maudsley S. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Systems as Crucial Regulators of DNA Damage Response Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2919. [PMID: 30261591 PMCID: PMC6213947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their associated proteins represent one of the most diverse cellular signaling systems involved in both physiological and pathophysiological processes. Aging represents perhaps the most complex biological process in humans and involves a progressive degradation of systemic integrity and physiological resilience. This is in part mediated by age-related aberrations in energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, protein folding and sorting, inflammatory activity and genomic stability. Indeed, an increased rate of unrepaired DNA damage is considered to be one of the 'hallmarks' of aging. Over the last two decades our appreciation of the complexity of GPCR signaling systems has expanded their functional signaling repertoire. One such example of this is the incipient role of GPCRs and GPCR-interacting proteins in DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Emerging data now suggest that GPCRs could function as stress sensors for intracellular damage, e.g., oxidative stress. Given this role of GPCRs in the DNA damage response process, coupled to the effective history of drug targeting of these receptors, this suggests that one important future activity of GPCR therapeutics is the rational control of DNA damage repair systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Leysen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jhana O Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- Institute of Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
- Translational Neurobiology Group, Center of Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Kuo B, Szabó E, Lee SC, Balogh A, Norman D, Inoue A, Ono Y, Aoki J, Tigyi G. The LPA 2 receptor agonist Radioprotectin-1 spares Lgr5-positive intestinal stem cells from radiation injury in murine enteroids. Cell Signal 2018; 51:23-33. [PMID: 30063964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly proliferating cells are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation and can undergo apoptosis if the oxidative and genotoxic injury exceed the defensive and regenerative capacity of the cell. Our earlier work has established the antiapoptotic action of the growth factor-like lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Activation of the LPA2 GPCR has been hypothesized to elicit antiapoptotic and regenerative actions of LPA. Based on this hypothesis we developed a novel nonlipid agonist of LPA2, which we designated Radioprotectin-1 (RP-1). We tested RP-1 at the six murine LPA GPCR subtypes using the transforming growth factor alpha shedding assay and found that it had a 25 nM EC50 that is similar to that of LPA18:1 at 32 nM. RP-1 effectively reduced apoptosis induced by γ-irradiation and the radiomimetic drug Adriamycin only in cells that expressed LPA2 either endogenously or after transfection. RP-1 reduced γ-H2AX levels in irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts transduced with the human LPA2 GPCR but was ineffective in vector transduced MEF control cells and significantly increased clonogenic survival after γ-irradiation. γ-Irradiation induced the expression of lpar2 transcripts that was further enhanced by RP-1 exposure within 30 min after irradiation. RP-1 decreased the mortality of C57BL/6 mice in models of the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal acute radiation syndromes. Using Lgr5-EGFP-CreER;Tdtomatoflox transgenic mice, we found that RP-1 increased the survival and growth of intestinal enteroids via the enhanced survival of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the LPA2-specific agonist RP-1 exerts its radioprotective and radiomitigative action through specific activation of the upregulated LPA2 GPCR in Lgr5+ stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Kuo
- Research Division, VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Erzsébet Szabó
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Derek Norman
- Research Division, VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuki Ono
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Gábor Tigyi
- Research Division, VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, 3N Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
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21
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Improved Synthesis of Dbibb as a New Anti-Radiation Agent. Chem Nat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-018-2388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Liang Y, Zhou H, Yao Y, Deng A, Wang Z, Gao B, Zhou M, Cui Y, Wang L, Zhou L, Wang B, Wang L, Liu A, Qiu L, Qian K, Lu Y, Deng W, Zheng X, Han Z, Li Y, Sun J. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) increases murine intestinal crypt stem cell survival following radiation injury. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45566-45576. [PMID: 28545017 PMCID: PMC5542208 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation enteropathy is a common complication in cancer patients following radiation therapy. Thus, there is a need for agents that can protect the intestinal epithelium against radiation. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has been shown to induce differentiation and/or apoptosis in multiple cell lines and primary cells. In the current report, we studied the function of TPA in radiation induced enteropathy in cultured rat intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 after ionizing radiation (IR) and in mice after high dose total-body gamma-IR (TBI). In IEC-6 cells, there were reduced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in TPA treated cells after IR. We detected a four-fold increase in crypt cell survival and a two-fold increase in animal survival post TBI in TPA treated mice. The beneficial effects of TPA were accompanied by upregulation of stem cells markers and higher level of proteins that are involved in PKC signaling pathway. In addition, TPA also decreased the TBI-augmented levels of the DNA damage indicators. The effects were only observed when TPA was given before irradiation. These results suggest that TPA has the ability to modulate intestinal crypt stem cells survival and this may represent a promising countermeasure against radiation induced enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Liang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yibing Yao
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ailing Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Boning Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Texas, USA
| | - Minhang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bianhong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, Laoshan Branch, No.401 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Qingdao, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yejian Lu
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wanping Deng
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengtao Han
- Henan Tumor Research Institute, Zheng Zhou, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhong Sun
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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Accardi MV, Donini O, Rumage A, Ascah A, Haruna J, Pouliot M, Bujold K, Huang H, Wierzbicki W, Stamatopoulos J, Naraghi H, Measey T, Authier S. Characterization of a partial-body irradiation model with oral cavity shielding in nonhuman primates. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 96:100-111. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1440093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim Bujold
- CiToxLAB North America, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Hai Huang
- CiToxLAB North America, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Authier
- CiToxLAB North America, Laval, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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24
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Micewicz ED, Kim K, Iwamoto KS, Ratikan JA, Cheng G, Boxx GM, Damoiseaux RD, Whitelegge JP, Ruchala P, Nguyen C, Purbey P, Loo J, Deng G, Jung ME, Sayre JW, Norris AJ, Schaue D, McBride WH. 4-(Nitrophenylsulfonyl)piperazines mitigate radiation damage to multiple tissues. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181577. [PMID: 28732024 PMCID: PMC5521796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our ability to use ionizing radiation as an energy source, as a therapeutic agent, and, unfortunately, as a weapon, has evolved tremendously over the past 120 years, yet our tool box to handle the consequences of accidental and unwanted radiation exposure remains very limited. We have identified a novel group of small molecule compounds with a 4-nitrophenylsulfonamide (NPS) backbone in common that dramatically decrease mortality from the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (hARS). The group emerged from an in vitro high throughput screen (HTS) for inhibitors of radiation-induced apoptosis. The lead compound also mitigates against death after local abdominal irradiation and after local thoracic irradiation (LTI) in models of subacute radiation pneumonitis and late radiation fibrosis. Mitigation of hARS is through activation of radiation-induced CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C+ immature myeloid cells. This is consistent with the notion that myeloerythroid-restricted progenitors protect against WBI-induced lethality and extends the possible involvement of the myeloid lineage in radiation effects. The lead compound was active if given to mice before or after WBI and had some anti-tumor action, suggesting that these compounds may find broader applications to cancer radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa D. Micewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Keisuke S. Iwamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Josephine A. Ratikan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gayle M. Boxx
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Damoiseaux
- Molecular Screening Shared Resource, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Piotr Ruchala
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Prabhat Purbey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - James W. Sayre
- School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Radiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Norris
- BCN Biosciences, LLC, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - William H. McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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25
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Singh VK, Hanlon BK, Santiago PT, Seed TM. A review of radiation countermeasures focusing on injury-specific medicinals and regulatory approval status: part III. Countermeasures under early stages of development along with 'standard of care' medicinal and procedures not requiring regulatory approval for use. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:885-906. [PMID: 28657400 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1332440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Terrorist attacks, with their intent to maximize psychological and economic damage as well as inflicting sickness and death on given targeted populations, are an ever-growing worldwide concern in government and public sectors as they become more frequent, violent, and sensational. If given the chance, it is likely that terrorists will use radiological or nuclear weapons. To thwart these sinister efforts, both physical and medical countermeasures against these weapons are currently being researched and developed so that they can be utilized by the first responders, military, and medical providers alike. This is the third article of a three-part series in which we have reviewed additional radiation countermeasures that are currently under early preclinical phases of development using largely animal models and have listed and discussed clinical support measures, including agents used for radiation-induced emesis, as well as countermeasures not requiring Food and Drug Administration approval. CONCLUSIONS Despite the significant progress that has been made in this area during the last several years, additional effort is needed in order to push promising new agents, currently under development, through the regulatory pipeline. This pipeline for new promising drugs appears to be unreasonably slow and cumbersome; possible reasons for this inefficiency are briefly discussed. Significant and continued effort needs to be afforded to this research and development area, as to date, there is no approved radioprotector that can be administered prior to high dose radiation exposure. This represents a very significant, unmet medical need and a significant security issue. A large number of agents with potential to interact with different biological targets are under development. In the next few years, several additional radiation countermeasures will likely receive Food and Drug Administration approval, increasing treatment options for victims exposed to unwanted ionizing irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- a Division of Radioprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics , F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A.,b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A
| | - Briana K Hanlon
- a Division of Radioprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics , F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A.,b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A
| | - Paola T Santiago
- a Division of Radioprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics , F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A.,b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A
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26
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Short-course rapamycin treatment enables engraftment of immunogenic gene-engineered bone marrow under low-dose irradiation to permit long-term immunological tolerance. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:57. [PMID: 28279220 PMCID: PMC5345164 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Application of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells is increasingly mooted as a clinically relevant approach to protein replacement therapy, immune tolerance induction or conditions where both outcomes may be helpful. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC)-mediated gene therapy often requires highly toxic pretransfer recipient conditioning to provide a ‘niche’ so that transferred HSPCs can engraft effectively and to prevent immune rejection of neoantigen-expressing engineered HSPCs. For widespread clinical application, reducing conditioning toxicity is an important requirement, but reduced conditioning can render neoantigen-expressing bone marrow (BM) and HSC susceptible to immune rejection if immunity is retained. Methods BM or HSPC-expressing OVA ubiquitously (actin.OVA) or targeted to MHC II+ cells was transferred using low-dose (300 cGy) total body irradiation. Recipients were administered rapamycin, cyclosporine or vehicle for 3 weeks commencing at BM transfer. Engraftment was determined using CD45 congenic donors and recipients. Induction of T-cell tolerance was tested by immunising recipients and analysing in-vivo cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. The effect of rapamycin on transient effector function during tolerance induction was tested using an established model of tolerance induction where antigen is targeted to dendritic cells. Results Immune rejection of neoantigen-expressing BM and HSPCs after low-dose irradiation was prevented by a short course of rapamycin, but not cyclosporine, treatment. Whereas transient T-cell tolerance developed in recipients of OVA-expressing BM administered vehicle, only when engraftment of neoantigen-expressing BM was facilitated with rapamycin treatment did stable, long-lasting T-cell tolerance develop. Rapamycin inhibited transient effector function development during tolerance induction and inhibited development of CTL activity in recipients of OVA-expressing BM. Conclusions Rapamycin acts to suppress acquisition of transient T-cell effector function during peripheral tolerance induction elicited by HSPC-encoded antigen. By facilitating engraftment, short-course rapamycin permits development of long-term stable T-cell tolerance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0508-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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27
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Radioprotection as a Method to Enhance the Therapeutic Ratio of Radiotherapy. CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40854-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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28
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Wang J, Sun Y, Qu J, Yan Y, Yang Y, Cai H. Roles of LPA receptor signaling in breast cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:1103-1111. [PMID: 27644846 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1238763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION LPA and its receptors play an important role in mediating malignant behaviors in various cancers, including breast cancer. Aberrant expression of certain LPA receptors in breast cancer suggested that LPA receptors could be potential biomarkers in understanding malignant growth patterns of breast cancer. Further research considering molecular mechanisms for LPA receptors will contribute to new methods of malignant breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Areas covered: Accumulating studies have indicated that LPA receptors correlated to proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro. In this manuscript, we have reviewed LPA receptors expressions and LPA mediated biological behaviors in cell lines, mouse models and patients and their potential molecular pathways. Expert commentary: LPA receptors could be applied in early diagnosis, survival rate prediction, metastasis probability and potential treatment targets. However, further studies are required to clarify the upstream and downstream molecular mechanisms of LPA receptors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhao Wang
- a The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Jingkun Qu
- a The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Yan Yan
- a The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Ya Yang
- c Department iii of Radiation Oncology, 2 Comprehensive Thermal Therapy Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P.R. China
| | - Hui Cai
- d The Department of Vascular Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
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29
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Knowlden SA, Hillman SE, Chapman TJ, Patil R, Miller DD, Tigyi G, Georas SN. Novel Inhibitory Effect of a Lysophosphatidic Acid 2 Agonist on Allergen-Driven Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:402-9. [PMID: 26248018 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0124oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pleiotropic lipid signaling molecule associated with asthma pathobiology. LPA elicits its effects by binding to at least six known cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6) that are expressed in the lung in a cell type-specific manner. LPA2 in particular has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in asthma because it appears to transduce inhibitory or cell-protective signals. We studied a novel and specific small molecule LPA2 agonist (2-[4-(1,3-dioxo-1H,3H-benzoisoquinolin-2-yl)butylsulfamoyl] benzoic acid [DBIBB]) in a mouse model of house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation. Mice injected with DBIBB developed significantly less airway and lung inflammation compared with vehicle-treated controls. Levels of lung Th2 cytokines were also significantly attenuated by DBIBB. We conclude that pharmacologic activation of LPA2 attenuates Th2-driven allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. Targeting LPA receptor signaling holds therapeutic promise in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Knowlden
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Sara E Hillman
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Timothy J Chapman
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Renukadevi Patil
- 3 Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and.,4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Duane D Miller
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- 3 Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | - Steve N Georas
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Pharmacological activation of lysophosphatidic acid receptors regulates erythropoiesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27050. [PMID: 27244685 PMCID: PMC4886675 DOI: 10.1038/srep27050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a growth factor-like phospholipid, regulates numerous physiological functions, including cell proliferation and differentiation. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that LPA activates erythropoiesis by activating the LPA 3 receptor subtype (LPA3) under erythropoietin (EPO) induction. In the present study, we applied a pharmacological approach to further elucidate the functions of LPA receptors during red blood cell (RBC) differentiation. In K562 human erythroleukemia cells, knockdown of LPA2 enhanced erythropoiesis, whereas knockdown of LPA3 inhibited RBC differentiation. In CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSC) and K526 cells, the LPA3 agonist 1-oleoyl-2-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphothionate (2S-OMPT) promoted erythropoiesis, whereas the LPA2 agonist dodecyl monophosphate (DMP) and the nonlipid specific agonist GRI977143 (GRI) suppressed this process. In zebrafish embryos, hemoglobin expression was significantly increased by 2S-OMPT treatment but was inhibited by GRI. Furthermore, GRI treatment decreased, whereas 2S-OMPT treatment increased RBC counts and amount of hemoglobin level in adult BALB/c mice. These results indicate that LPA2 and LPA3 play opposing roles during RBC differentiation. The pharmacological activation of LPA receptor subtypes represent a novel strategies for augmenting or inhibiting erythropoiesis.
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31
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Sharlow ER, Leimgruber S, Lira A, McConnell MJ, Norambuena A, Bloom GS, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Lazo JS. A Small Molecule Screen Exposes mTOR Signaling Pathway Involvement in Radiation-Induced Apoptosis. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1428-37. [PMID: 26938669 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Individuals are at risk of exposure to acute ionizing radiation (IR) from a nuclear accident or terrorism, but we lack effective therapies to mitigate the lethal IR effects. In the current study, we exploited an optimized, cell-based, high throughput screening assay to interrogate a small molecule library comprising 3437 known pharmacologically active compounds for mitigation against IR-induced apoptosis. Thirty-three library compounds significantly reduced apoptosis when administered 1 h after 4 Gy IR. Two- or three-dimensional computational structural analyses of the compounds indicated only one or two chemical clusters with most of the compounds being unique structures. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor, rapamycin, was the most potent compound, and it mitigated apoptosis by 50% at 200 ± 50 pM. Other mTOR inhibitors, namely everolimus, AZD8055, and torin 1, also suppressed apoptosis, providing additional pharmacological evidence for mTOR pathway involvement in regulating cell death after IR. Everolimus and torin 1 treatment after IR decreased the S phase population and enforced both G1 and G2 phase arrest. This prorogation of cell cycle progression was accompanied by decreased IR-induced DNA damage measured by γH2AX phosphorylation at Ser139. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the respective mTORC1 and mTORC2 subunits, Raptor or Rictor, also mitigated IR-induced apoptosis. Collectively, this study suggests a central role for the mTOR signaling in the cytotoxic response to IR and offers a useful platform to probe for additional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Binder BYK, Williams PA, Silva EA, Leach JK. Lysophosphatidic Acid and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: A Concise Review of Biological Function and Applications for Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:531-42. [PMID: 26035484 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presentation and controlled release of bioactive signals to direct cellular growth and differentiation represents a widely used strategy in tissue engineering. Historically, work in this field has primarily focused on the delivery of large cytokines and growth factors, which can be costly to manufacture and difficult to deliver in a sustained manner. There has been a marked increase over the past decade in the pursuit of lipid mediators due to their wide range of effects over multiple cell types, low cost, and ease of scale-up. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are two bioactive lysophospholipids (LPLs) that have gained attention for use as pharmacological agents in tissue engineering applications. While these lipids can have similar effects on cellular response, they possess distinct chemical backbones, mechanisms of synthesis and degradation, and signaling pathways using a discrete set of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). LPA and S1P predominantly act extracellularly on their GPCRs and can directly regulate cell survival, differentiation, cytokine secretion, proliferation, and migration--each of the important functions that must be considered in regenerative medicine. In addition to these potent physiological functions, these LPLs play pivotal roles in a number of pathophysiological processes. To capitalize on the promise of these molecules in tissue engineering, these lipids have been incorporated into biomaterials for in vivo delivery. Here, we survey the effects of LPA and S1P on both cellular- and tissue-level phenotypes, with an eye toward regulating stem/progenitor cell growth and differentiation. In particular, we examine work that has translational applications for cell-based tissue engineering strategies in promoting cell survival, bone and cartilage engineering, and therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Y K Binder
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Priscilla A Williams
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eduardo A Silva
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - J Kent Leach
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
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Bioprotective Carnitinoids: Lipoic Acid, Butyrate, and Mitochondria-Targeting to Treat Radiation Injury: Mitochondrial Drugs Come of Age. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:167-75. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Balogh A, Shimizu Y, Lee SC, Norman DD, Gangwar R, Bavaria M, Moon C, Shukla P, Rao R, Ray R, Naren AP, Banerjee S, Banerje S, Miller DD, Balazs L, Pelus L, Tigyi G. The autotaxin-LPA2 GPCR axis is modulated by γ-irradiation and facilitates DNA damage repair. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1751-62. [PMID: 26027517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we characterized the effects of radiation injury on the expression and function of the autotaxin (ATX)-LPA2 GPCR axis. In IEC-6 crypt cells and jejunum enteroids quantitative RT-PCR showed a time- and dose-dependent upregulation of lpa2 in response to γ-irradiation that was abolished by mutation of the NF-κB site in the lpa2 promoter or by inhibition of ATM/ATR kinases with CGK-733, suggesting that lpa2 is a DNA damage response gene upregulated by ATM via NF-κB. The resolution kinetics of the DNA damage marker γ-H2AX in LPA-treated IEC-6 cells exposed to γ-irradiation was accelerated compared to vehicle, whereas pharmacological inhibition of LPA2 delayed the resolution of γ-H2AX. In LPA2-reconstituted MEF cells lacking LPA1&3 the levels of γ-H2AX decreased rapidly, whereas in Vector MEF were high and remained sustained. Inhibition of ERK1&2 or PI3K/AKT signaling axis by pertussis toxin or the C311A/C314A/L351A mutation in the C-terminus of LPA2 abrogated the effect of LPA on DNA repair. LPA2 transcripts in Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) enriched for bone marrow stem cells were 27- and 5-fold higher than in common myeloid or lymphoid progenitors, respectively. Furthermore, after irradiation higher residual γ-H2AX levels were detected in the bone marrow or jejunum of irradiated LPA2-KO mice compared to WT mice. We found that γ-irradiation increases plasma ATX activity and LPA level that is in part due to the previously established radiation-induced upregulation of TNFα. These findings identify ATX and LPA2 as radiation-regulated genes that appear to play a physiological role in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yoshibumi Shimizu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Derek D Norman
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ruchika Gangwar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mitul Bavaria
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - ChangSuk Moon
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Pradeep Shukla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Radakrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ramesh Ray
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | | | - Souvik Banerje
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Louisa Balazs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Louis Pelus
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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