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Maier MLV, Siddens LK, Pennington JM, Uesugi SL, Labut EM, Vertel EA, Anderson KA, Tidwell LG, Tilton SC, Ognibene TJ, Turteltaub KW, Smith JN, Williams DE. Impact of phenanthrene co-administration on the toxicokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene in humans. UPLC-accelerator mass spectrometry following oral microdosing. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110608. [PMID: 37369263 PMCID: PMC10782561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Current risk assessments for environmental carcinogens rely on animal studies utilizing doses orders of magnitude higher than actual human exposures. Epidemiological studies of people with high exposures (e.g., occupational) are of value, but rely on uncertain exposure data. In addition, exposures are typically not to a single chemical but to mixtures, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The extremely high sensitivity of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) allows for dosing humans with known carcinogens with de minimus risk. In this study UPLC-AMS was used to assess the toxicokinetics of [14C]-benzo[a]pyrene ([14C]-BaP) when dosed alone or in a binary mixture with phenanthrene (Phe). Plasma was collected for 48 h following a dose of [14C]-BaP (50 ng, 5.4 nCi) or the same dose of [14C]-BaP plus Phe (1250 ng). Following the binary mixture, Cmax of [14C]-BaP significantly decreased (4.4-fold) whereas the volume of distribution (Vd) increased (2-fold). Further, the toxicokinetics of twelve [14C]-BaP metabolites provided evidence of little change in the metabolite profile of [14C]-BaP and the pattern was overall reduction consistent with reduced absorption (decrease in Cmax). Although Phe was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the major hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) responsible for metabolism of [14C]-BaP, CYP1A2, the high inhibition constant (Ki) and lack of any increase in unmetabolized [14C]-BaP in plasma makes this mechanism unlikely to be responsible. Rather, co-administration of Phe reduces the absorption of [14C]-BaP through a mechanism yet to be determined. This is the first study to provide evidence that, at actual environmental levels of exposure, the toxicokinetics of [14C]-BaP in humans is markedly altered by the presence of a second PAH, Phe, a common component of environmental PAH mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Vermillion Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Lisbeth K Siddens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Jamie M Pennington
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Sandra L Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Edwin M Labut
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Emily A Vertel
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Lane G Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Ted J Ognibene
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Turteltaub
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA; Biology and Biotechnology Research Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Jordan N Smith
- NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Chemical Biology and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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2
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Nishi I, Yoshitomi T, Nakano F, Uemura H, Tahara M, Kawakami T. Development of a safer and improved analytical method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in creosote products. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1698:464007. [PMID: 37099903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in creosote products used for wood preservation are regulated in Japan. Although the analytical method for this regulation has been stipulated by law, two main problems have been highlighted, namely the use of dichloromethane, a potential carcinogen, as a solvent and inadequate purification. Therefore, an analytical method to solve these problems was developed in this study. Actual creosote-treated wood samples were examined, and it was found that acetone could be used as an alternative solvent. Purification methods using centrifugation, silica gel cartridges, and strong anion exchange (SAX) cartridges were also developed. It was found that the SAX cartridges strongly retained PAHs, and an effective purification method was developed using this phenomenon, in which contaminants were removed by washing with diethyl ether/hexane (1/9 v/v), which could not be achieved with a silica gel cartridge. This strong retention was attributed to cation-π interactions. The analytical method developed in this study yielded good recoveries (81.4-113.0%) with low relative standard deviations (<6.8%), and the limit of quantification (0.02-0.29 µg/g) was significantly lower than the current creosote product regulation. Therefore, this method can safely and effectively extract and purify PAHs from creosote products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwaki Nishi
- Division of Chemistry, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1 Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan.
| | - Taichi Yoshitomi
- Division of Chemistry, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1 Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan
| | - Fumi Nakano
- Division of Chemistry, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1 Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uemura
- Division of Chemistry, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-1 Shimomachiya, Chigasaki, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan
| | - Maiko Tahara
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawakami
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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3
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Tin and Antimony as Soil Pollutants along Railway Lines—A Case Study from North-Western Croatia. ENVIRONMENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/environments9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the extent and patterns of antimony and tin contamination in soils along railway lines, as there are very few data in the literature on this subject. The study was conducted in north-western Croatia. Total and bioavailable concentrations of Sn and Sb were detected using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). The following results were obtained: total concentrations of Sb ranged from 0.98 to 52.0 mg/kg and of Sn from 3.04 mg/kg to 97.6 mg/kg. The soil samples showed pronounced Sb and Sn enrichment, up to 87 and 33 times the median value for European soils, respectively. In contrast to the total concentrations, the bioavailable concentrations showed relatively low values. For Sn, the percentage of total content ranged from 0.001 to 0.021%, while for Sb it ranged from 0.001 to 0.136%. Statistical data analysis suggests that the distribution of Sb and Sn in soils near railway lines is influenced by the functional use of the site, distance from the tracks, topography, age of the railway line, and also by soil properties such as soil texture, humus content, and soil pH. This study demonstrates that rail transport is a source of soil pollution with Sn and Sb. The origin of Sb and Sn enrichment is abrasion by brakes, rails, wheels, freight losses, exhaust gasses, etc. Both elements in soils along railway lines pose an environmental risk to humans, agricultural production, and wildlife, and therefore further detailed studies are required.
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4
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Ali SS, Jiao H, Mustafa AM, Koutra E, El-Sapagh S, Kornaros M, Elsamahy T, Khalil M, Bulgariu L, Sun J. Construction of a novel microbial consortium valued for the effective degradation and detoxification of creosote-treated sawdust along with enhanced methane production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126091. [PMID: 34118544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass represents an unlimited and ubiquitous energy source, which can effectively address current global challenges, including climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, and increased energy demand. However, lignocellulose recalcitrance hinders microbial degradation, especially in case of contaminated materials such as creosote (CRO)-treated wood, which necessitates appropriate processing in order to eliminate pollution. This study might be the first to explore a novel bacterial consortium SST-4, for decomposing birchwood sawdust, capable of concurrently degrading lignocellulose and CRO compounds. Afterwards, SST-4 which stands for molecularly identified bacterial strains Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BSW-11, Shewanella putrefaciens BSW-18, Bacillus cereus BSW-23, and Novosphingobium taihuense BSW-25 was evaluated in terms of biological sawdust pre-treatment, resulting in effective lignocellulose degradation and 100% removal of phenol and naphthalene. Subsequently, the maximum biogas production observed was 18.7 L/kg VS, while cumulative methane production was 162.8 L/kg VS, compared to 88.5 without microbial pre-treatment. The cumulative energy production from AD-I and AD-II through biomethanation was calculated as 3177.1 and 5843.6 KJ/kg, respectively. The pretreatment process exhibited a significant increase in the energy yield by 83.9%. Lastly, effective CRO detoxification was achieved with EC50 values exceeding 90%, showing the potential for an integrated process of effective contaminated wood management and bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Samir Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Haixin Jiao
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ahmed M Mustafa
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resourses Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eleni Koutra
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, Patras 26504, Greece; INVALOR: Research Infrastructure for Waste Valorization and Sustainable Management, University Campus, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Shimaa El-Sapagh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, Patras 26504, Greece; INVALOR: Research Infrastructure for Waste Valorization and Sustainable Management, University Campus, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Tamer Elsamahy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Maha Khalil
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Bulgariu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Cristofor Simionescu Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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5
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Drevinskas T, Maruška A, Bimbiraitė-Survilienė K, Du̅da G, Stankevičius M, Tiso N, Mickienė R, Pedišius V, Levišauskas D, Kaškonienė V, Ragažinskienė O, Grigiškis S, Donati E, Zacchini M. Mathematical Model Coupled to Neural Networks Calculates the Extraction Recovery of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Problematic Matrix. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14612-14620. [PMID: 34124484 PMCID: PMC8190882 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unknown extraction recovery from solid matrix samples leads to meaningless chemical analysis results. It cannot always be determined, and it depends on the complexity of the matrix and properties of the extracted substances. This paper combines a mathematical model with the machine learning method-neural networks that predict liquid extraction recovery from solid matrices. The prediction of the three-stage extraction recovery of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a wooden railway sleeper matrix is demonstrated. Calculation of the extraction recovery requires the extract's volume to be measured and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons' concentration to be determined for each stage. These data are used to calculate the input values for a neural network model. Lowest mean-squared error (0.014) and smallest retraining relative standard deviation (20.7%) were achieved with the neural network setup 6:5:5:4:1 (six inputs, three hidden layers with five, five, and four neurons in a layer, and one output). To train such a neural network, it took less than 8000 steps-less than a second--using an average-performance laptop. The relative standard deviation of the extraction recovery predictions ranged between 1.13 and 5.15%. The three-stage recovery of the extracted dry sample showed 104% of three different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The extracted wet sample recovery was 71, 98, and 55% for phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene, respectively. This method is applicable in the environmental, food processing, pharmaceutical, biochemical, biotechnology, and space research areas where extraction should be performed autonomously without human interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Drevinskas
- Instrumental
Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Maruška
- Instrumental
Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Bimbiraitė-Survilienė
- Instrumental
Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Du̅da
- Instrumental
Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mantas Stankevičius
- Instrumental
Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nicola Tiso
- Instrumental
Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ru̅ta Mickienė
- Instrumental
Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilmantas Pedišius
- Instrumental
Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Levišauskas
- Instrumental
Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Process
Control Department, Kaunas University of
Technology, Studentų
St. 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Kaškonienė
- Instrumental
Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ona Ragažinskienė
- Kaunas
Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University, Ž. E. Žilibero 6, LT-46324 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Enrica Donati
- National
Research Council, Area
della Ricerca di Roma, via Salaria Km 29, 300-00015, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Massimo Zacchini
- National
Research Council, Area
della Ricerca di Roma, via Salaria Km 29, 300-00015, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
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6
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A new way to discriminate polluted wood by vibrational spectroscopies. Talanta 2017; 167:436-441. [PMID: 28340742 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two sets of samples were considered: field samples collected from local waste wood and synthetic samples made by mixing clean wood (including oak, beech, poplar) with typical organic pollutants: creosote, polychlorinated byphenils (PCBs), pentachlorophenol (PCP), cypermethrin, dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC). Vibrational spectroscopy techniques were tested to detect organic pollutants in wood items. Raman and infrared spectroscopies were showed as fast, non-destructive and non-invasive fingerprint techniques for detection of organic molecules. Associated with principal component analysis, we have shown the evidence of quick detection of and discrimination of polluted wood items by kinds and versus concentration.
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7
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Kamal A, Cincinelli A, Martellini T, Malik RN. A review of PAH exposure from the combustion of biomass fuel and their less surveyed effect on the blood parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4076-4098. [PMID: 25410307 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies from all over the world have reported that populations of rural and urban environments differ in their health issues due to the differences in the countrywide pollution pattern. In developing countries, various occupational cohorts and subsections of the population in urban and rural areas are routinely exposed to several environmentally widespread contaminants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of over hundred different compounds and have ubiquitous presence in rural and urban environments. Smoke from the combustion of biomass fuel contains a high concentration of carcinogenic PAHs, which are related with several human morbidities. The sources and types of biomass fuel are diverse and wide in distribution. Limited numbers of literature reports have focused the significant impact of PAHs on several components of blood, both in human and wildlife. The toxicity of PAHs to rapidly dividing cells (e.g., bone marrow cells) and other tissues is largely attributed to their reactive oxygenated metabolites, potential of causing oxidative stress, and the adducts of their metabolites with DNA. This review aims to encompass the blood-related effects of PAHs and associated human health risks-an aspect that needs further research-on the population of developing countries of the world in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Kamal
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan,
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8
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Marcotte S, Poisson T, Portet-Koltalo F, Aubrays M, Basle J, de Bort M, Giraud M, Nguyen Hoang T, Octau C, Pasquereau J, Blondeel C. Evaluation of the PAH and water-extractable phenols content in used cross ties from the French rail network. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 111:1-6. [PMID: 24997892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recycling used railway sleepers is a major economic and environmental issue since nearly 50000 tons of those are incinerated every year in France. Therefore, it appeared essential to determine the real toxicity of sleepers and particularly for very old one. They are treated with creosote, which contains toxic and carcinogen compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study aims at measuring the amount of 16 priority PAHs and water extractable phenols in 12 sleepers implemented between 1936 and 1978. Results showed that the creosote content was systematically far above 1000mgkg(-1), even after 76years ageing. Crossties should then be considered as a hazardous waste according to European regulations. Less creosote and PAHs were detected in the sleepers centers. Moreover, the fraction of volatile PAHs was lower in the surface part, due to their evaporation. It appeared that a long ageing process was not sufficient to remove the major part of volatile PAHs and that they could be yet released in the atmospheric environment. Moreover, most of the treated crossties contained huge amount of the highly toxic benzo[a]pyrene, between 179mgkg(-1) and up to 853mgkg(-1) in wood. In contrast, the study revealed that concentrations of water extractable phenols were well below European regulations (3% by mass of creosote).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marcotte
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR CNRS 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen et INSA de Rouen, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - T Poisson
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR CNRS 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen et INSA de Rouen, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - F Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR CNRS 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen et INSA de Rouen, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - M Aubrays
- Département de Chimie, INSA de Rouen, avenue de l'Université, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - J Basle
- Département de Chimie, INSA de Rouen, avenue de l'Université, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - M de Bort
- Département de Chimie, INSA de Rouen, avenue de l'Université, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - M Giraud
- Département de Chimie, INSA de Rouen, avenue de l'Université, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - T Nguyen Hoang
- Département de Chimie, INSA de Rouen, avenue de l'Université, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - C Octau
- Département de Chimie, INSA de Rouen, avenue de l'Université, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - J Pasquereau
- Département de Chimie, INSA de Rouen, avenue de l'Université, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - C Blondeel
- Réseau Ferré de France, Direction régionale Basse Normandie et Haute Normandie, 38 bis rue verte, 76000 Rouen, France
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9
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Ahrens MJ, Depree CV. A source mixing model to apportion PAHs from coal tar and asphalt binders in street pavements and urban aquatic sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 81:1526-1535. [PMID: 20843538 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Present-day and more than 30 years old road and footpath pavements from Auckland, New Zealand were analysed for PAHs to test the hypothesis that coal tar based pavement binders contribute to unusually high PAH concentrations in adjacent stream and estuarine sediments. Total PAH (∑(28)PAH) concentrations in the dichloromethane-soluble fraction ("binder"), comprising 5-10% of pavement mass, were as high as 200,000 mgkg(-1) (10,000 mgkg(-1) in binder+aggregate). Older and deeper pavement layers were strongly pyrogenic, whereas pavement layers from recently sealed roads had a more petrogenic composition and more than 1000 times lower ∑(28)PAH concentrations. Source identification analysis using three PAH isomer ratio pairs (benz(a)anthracene/(benz(a)anthracene+chrysene); benzo(a)pyrene/(benzo(a)pyrene+benzo(e)pyrene); and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene/(indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene+benzo(g,h,i)perylene) revealed low PAH (bitumen) pavements to have consistently lower isomer ratios than high PAH (coal tar) samples. Moreover, pavement data for one isomer ratio (e.g. benzo(a)pyrene/(benzo(a)pyrene+benzo(e)pyrene) were highly correlated with those of another isomer ratio (e.g. benz(a)anthracene/(benz(a)anthracene+chrysene) and were bounded at their lower and higher extremes by the characteristics of pure bitumen and coal tar, respectively, suggesting that PAH composition of a given pavement sample could be accounted for by conservative mixing between coal tar and bitumen as source materials. A concentration-weighted mixing model, with coal tar and bitumen as source materials, explained more than 80% of the variance in isomer ratios and enveloped the entire PAH compositional and concentration range encountered. PAH composition and concentrations in adjacent stream sediments (> 15 mgkg(-1) dry weight) were consistent with diluted coal tar material as a principal PAH source. Due to the very high PAH concentrations of coal tar, a coal tar content of as little as 0.01% of total sediment mass can account for more than 90% of PAH concentrations in adjacent stream sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ahrens
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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10
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Go BR, Choi HS, Kim HD, Kim JH. One Step Clean-Up Method Combined with Single Accelerated Solvent Extraction for Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols in Creosote-Treated Woods by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.11.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Comparison between Fenton oxidation process and electrochemical oxidation for PAH removal from an amphoteric surfactant solution. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-010-0128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Cheney MA, Liu J, Amei A, Zhao X, Joo SW, Qian S. A comparative study on the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Anodonta californiensis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:601-608. [PMID: 18945528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the freshwater bivalve mollusc Anodonta californiensis was examined in the presence and absence of surfactant in order to gain further insight into mixture toxicity and to predict whether certain mixtures have negative and/or positive effects on aquatic organisms. In the presence of surfactant, the uptake of anthracene or chrysene was higher than that of naphthalene, given the same concentration in the solution. In the absence of surfactant, the trend was similar, but the uptakes were increased by approximately 100% compared to those in the presence of surfactant. On the uptake of naphthalene, the presence of anthracene showed only minor influence. The uptake of anthracene was affected by both naphthalene and chrysene. The uptake of chrysene was influenced by neither naphthalene nor anthracene. There was no observable displacement of divalent cations from the surface of the gill membrane by any of the PAHs studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A Cheney
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Ann, MD 21853, USA
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Jammoul A, Gligorovski S, George C, D'Anna B. Photosensitized Heterogeneous Chemistry of Ozone on Organic Films. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:1268-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074348t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adla Jammoul
- Université de Lyon 1, Lyon; CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - Saso Gligorovski
- Université de Lyon 1, Lyon; CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - Christian George
- Université de Lyon 1, Lyon; CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - Barbara D'Anna
- Université de Lyon 1, Lyon; CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
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Moret S, Purcaro G, Conte LS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content of soil and olives collected in areas contaminated with creosote released from old railway ties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2007; 386:1-8. [PMID: 17689591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Simple sample preparation procedures involving sonication and solid phase extraction (SPE), followed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrofluorometric detection, were used to analyse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and olives collected in areas contaminated with creosote-treated railway ties. Very high PAH contents (with amounts ranging from 114.7 to 2157.2 and from 167.3 to 3121.8 microg kg(-1) dry weight for total light PAHs and total heavy PAHs, respectively) were found in soil sampled up to 1 m from the source of contamination. The PAH load decreased rapidly with the distance from the railway ties. High amounts of light PAHs, up to 6359.9 microg kg(-1), were also found in oil extracted from olives collected in a rural area where old railway ties were stored. No appreciable transfer of heavy PAHs and benzo[a]pyrene was observed in oil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Moret
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Marangoni 97, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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Isosaari P, Piskonen R, Ojala P, Voipio S, Eilola K, Lehmus E, Itävaara M. Integration of electrokinetics and chemical oxidation for the remediation of creosote-contaminated clay. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 144:538-48. [PMID: 17112659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of clayey soils that are contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a challenging task that may require integration of several technologies. The benefits of integrating in situ electrokinetic remediation with chemical oxidation were evaluated in laboratory-scale experiments lasting for 8 weeks. A voltage gradient of 48 V/m of direct current and 4.7 V/m of alternating current and periodic additions of chemical oxidants were applied to creosote-contaminated soil. Electrokinetically enhanced oxidation with sodium persulphate resulted in better PAH removal (35%) than either electrokinetics (24%) or persulphate oxidation (12%) alone. However, the improvement was shown only within 1/3 (5 cm) of the soil compartment. Electrokinetics did not improve the performance of Fenton oxidation. Both chemical oxidants created more positive oxidation-reduction potential than electrokinetic treatment alone. On the other hand, persulphate treatment impaired the electroosmotic flow rate. Elemental analyses showed reduction in the natural Al and Ca concentrations, increase in Zn, Cu, P and S concentrations and transfer of several metal cations towards the cathode. In conclusion, the results encourage to further optimisation of an integrated remediation technology that combines the beneficial effects of electrokinetics, persulphate oxidation and Fenton oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Isosaari
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
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Hartnik T, Norli HR, Eggen T, Breedveld GD. Bioassay-directed identification of toxic organic compounds in creosote-contaminated groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 66:435-43. [PMID: 16872665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that creosote mainly consists of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), more polar compounds like phenolics, benzenes and N-, S-, O-heterocyclics dominate the groundwater downstream from creosote-contaminated sites. In this study, bioassay-directed fractionation, combined with fullscan GC-MS, identified organic toxicants in creosote-contaminated groundwater. An organic extract of creosote-contaminated groundwater was fractionated on a polar silica column using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the toxicity of the fractions was measured by the Microtox-bioassay. PAHs, which comprise up to 85% of pure creosote, accounted for only about 13% of total toxicity in the creosote-contaminated groundwater, while methylated benzenes, phenolics and N-heterocyclics accounted for ca. 80% of the measured toxicity. The fraction containing alkylated quinolines was the most toxic single fraction, accounting for 26% of the total measured toxicity. The results imply that focus on PAHs may underestimate risks associated with creosote-contaminated groundwater, and that environmental risk assessment should focus to a higher degree on substituted PAHs and phenolics because they are more toxic than the unsubstituted ones. Additionally, benzenes and N-heterocyclics (e.g., alkylated quinolines) should be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartnik
- Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Frederik A. Dahls Vei 20, Norway.
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