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Khuntia BK, Anwar MF, Alam T, Samim M, Kumari M, Arora I. Synthesis and Characterization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles, and the Study of Their Effect against the Degradation of DDT in Soil and Assessment of Their Toxicity against Collembola and Ostracods. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18502-18509. [PMID: 31737808 PMCID: PMC6854564 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Of late, novel magnetic nanomaterials have drawn worldwide attention because of the uniqueness in their properties and uses. In our studies, we have prepared nearly monodisperse zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVIs) of diameter of less than 60 nm in aqueous medium by a reductive precipitation process and pectin as stabilizing agent. The characterization of these nanoparticles was done by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The TEM images confirmed that the average size of the nZVIs was about 25 nm. The resultant nZVIs were then employed to degrade DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) in spiked soil, and their toxicity toward Collembola (Folsomia candida) and Ostracods (Heterocypris incongruens) was measured. The fabricated nZVIs degraded DDT in soil quite effectively. Further, the effects of nZVIs on Collembola and Ostracods were found to be negative. This was due to the oxidation of nZVIs and creation of anoxic conditions thereupon, and the generation of excess Fe(II) in soil. In addition, the negative effects of DDT on ostracod development and Collembola reproduction were found to be quite weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanja Kishore Khuntia
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, KLDAVPG College, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Mohammad Faiyaz Anwar
- Department of Pathology, All
India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tanveer Alam
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, KLDAVPG College, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mithlesh Kumari
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, KLDAVPG College, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Indu Arora
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Shaeed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India
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Kengara FO, Doerfler U, Welzl G, Munch JC, Schroll R. Evidence of non-DDD pathway in the anaerobic degradation of DDT in tropical soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:8779-8788. [PMID: 30712212 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
DDT transformation to DDD in soil is the most commonly reported pathway under anaerobic conditions. A few instances of DDT conversion to products other than DDD/DDE have been reported under aerobic conditions and hardly any under anaerobic conditions. In particular, few reports exist on the anaerobic degradation of DDT in African tropical soils, despite DDT contamination arising from obsolete pesticide stockpiles in the continent as well as new contamination from DDT use for mosquito and tsetse fly control. Moreover, the development of possible remediation strategies for contaminated sites demands adequate understanding of different soil processes and their effect on DDT persistence, hence necessitating the study. The aim of this work was to study the effect of simulated anaerobic conditions and slow-release carbon sources (compost) on the dissipation of DDT in two tropical clay soils (paddy soil and field soil) amenable to periodic flooding. The results showed faster DDT dissipation in the field soil but higher metabolite formation in the paddy soil. To explain this paradox, the levels of dissolved organic carbon and carbon mineralization (CH4 and CO2) were correlated with p,p-DDT and p,p-DDD concentrations. It was concluded that DDT underwent reductive degradation (DDD pathway) in the paddy soil and both reductive (DDD pathway) and oxidative degradation (non-DDD pathway) in the field soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Doerfler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Soil Ecology, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Welzl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Developmental Genetics, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jean Charles Munch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Soil Ecology, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reiner Schroll
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Soil Ecology, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Rizzi J, Taniguchi S, Martins CC. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments from an urban- and industrial-impacted subtropical estuary (Babitonga Bay, Brazil). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 119:390-395. [PMID: 28342592 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Babitonga Bay is a large estuary, which has been under pressure from anthropogenic activities coexisting with a natural area of Atlantic rainforest and mangrove systems. The concentration of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was determined to evaluate the contamination status and the determine possible pollution sources in the estuary. The ∑DDT (sum of DDT, DDE and DDD concentrations) was the predominant OCP group, with concentrations ranging from <DL (below detection limit) to 122ng g-1. The exceptionally high concentration of p,p'-DDT (80%) found near São Francisco harbour exceeded SQG limits indicating highly toxic conditions in the area that may be attributed to a recent contamination from some local input. In contrast, other sites in the estuary presented higher concentration of the metabolite p,p'-DDE (34%). The results suggest strongly anthropogenic impact in specific sites of this estuary, which need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Rizzi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Recursos Hídricos e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-000 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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Liu CY, Cade-Menun BJ, Xu XH, Fan JL. Electron Donor Substances and Iron Oxides Stimulate Anaerobic Dechlorination of DDT in a Slurry System with Hydragric Acrisols. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:331-340. [PMID: 26828189 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.07.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The interactive effects between electron donor substances and iron (Fe) oxides have significant influence on electron transfer and the growth of Fe-reducing bacteria, which may affect the reductive dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichoro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) in soils. To evaluate the roles of volatile fatty acids and Fe(III) oxide in accelerating the reductive dechlorination of DDT in Hydragric Acrisols, a batch anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted in a slurry system with the following seven treatments: sterile soil, control (DDT-contaminated soil), lactic acid, propionic acid, goethite, lactic acid + goethite, and propionic acid + goethite. Results showed that after 20 d of incubation, DDT residues for these treatments decreased by 34, 65, 77, 81, 77, 90, and 92% of the initial quantities, respectively, with 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane as the dominant metabolite. The application of lactic acid had no significant effect on DDT dechlorination in the first 8 d while the methanogenesis rate increased quickly but accelerated DDT dechlorination after Day 8 while the methanogenesis rate decreased and Fe(II) contents increased. The application of propionic acid enhanced DDT dechlorination rates throughout the incubation. The amendment by goethite stimulated microbial reduction of Fe(III) oxides to generate Fe(II), which was an efficient electron donor, thus accelerating DDT dechlorination significantly in the early incubation period. A synergetic interaction that accelerated DDT dechlorination, either between lactic acid and goethite or between propionic acid and goethite, was obtained. The results will be of great significance to develop efficient in situ remediation technology of DDT-contaminated soil.
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Liu C, Xu X, Fan J. Accelerated anaerobic dechlorination of DDT in slurry with Hydragric Acrisols using citric acid and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS). J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 38:87-94. [PMID: 26702971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of electron donor and electron shuttle substances has a vital influence on electron transfer, thus may affect the reductive dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichoro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) in anaerobic reaction systems. To evaluate the roles of citric acid and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) in accelerating the reductive dechlorination of DDT in Hydragric Acrisols that contain abundant iron oxide, a batch anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted in a slurry system with four treatments of (1) control, (2) citric acid, (3) AQDS, and (4) citric acid+AQDS. Results showed that DDT residues decreased by 78.93%-92.11% of the initial quantities after 20days of incubation, and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDD) was the dominant metabolite. The application of citric acid accelerated DDT dechlorination slightly in the first 8days, while the methanogenesis rate increased quickly, and then the acceleration effect improved after the 8th day while the methanogenesis rate decreased. The amendment by AQDS decreased the Eh value of the reaction system and accelerated microbial reduction of Fe(III) oxides to generate Fe(II), which was an efficient electron donor, thus enhancing the reductive dechlorination rate of DDT. The addition of citric acid+AQDS was most efficient in stimulating DDT dechlorination, but no significant interaction between citric acid and AQDS on DDT dechlorination was observed. The results will be of great significance for developing an efficient in situ remediation strategy for DDT-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Xianghua Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianling Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Alonso-Hernández CM, Tolosa I, Mesa-Albernas M, Díaz-Asencio M, Corcho-Alvarado JA, Sánchez-Cabeza JA. Historical trends of organochlorine pesticides in a sediment core from the Gulf of Batabanó, Cuba. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 137:95-100. [PMID: 26051863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sediments can be natural archives to reconstruct the history of pollutant inputs into coastal areas. This is important to improve management strategies and evaluate the success of pollution control measurements. In this work, the vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides (DDTs, Lindane, HCB, Heptachlor, Aldrin and Mirex) was determined in a sediment core collected from the Gulf of Batabanó, Cuba, which was dated by using the (210)Pb dating method and validated with the (239,240)Pu fallout peak. Results showed significant changes in sediment accumulation during the last 40 years: recent mass accumulation rates (0.321 g cm(-2) yr(-1)) double those estimated before 1970 (0.15 g cm(-2) yr(-1)). This change matches closely land use change in the region (intense deforestation and regulation of the Colon River in the late 1970s). Among pesticides, only DDTs isomers, Lindane and HCB were detected, and ranged from 0.029 to 0.374 ng g(-1) dw for DDTs, from<0.006 to 0.05 ng g(-1) dw for Lindane and from<0.04 to 0.134 ng g(-1) dw for HCB. Heptachlor, Aldrin and Mirex were below the detection limits (∼0.003 ng g(-1)), indicating that these compounds had a limited application in the Coloma watershed. Pesticide contamination was evident since the 1970s. DDTs and HCB records showed that management strategies, namely the banning the use of organochlorine contaminants, led to a concentration decline. However, Lindane, which was restricted in 1990, can still be found in the watershed. According to NOAA guidelines, pesticides concentrations encountered in these sediments are low and probably not having an adverse effect on sediment dwelling organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Alonso-Hernández
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, AP 5, Ciudad Nuclear, Cienfuegos, Cuba.
| | - I Tolosa
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Marine Environment Laboratories, 4, Quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco
| | - M Mesa-Albernas
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, AP 5, Ciudad Nuclear, Cienfuegos, Cuba
| | - M Díaz-Asencio
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, AP 5, Ciudad Nuclear, Cienfuegos, Cuba
| | - J A Corcho-Alvarado
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, CH-3700 Spiez, Switzerland; Institute of Radiation Physics (IRA), Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Grand Pré 1, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J A Sánchez-Cabeza
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Alonso-Hernandez CM, Mesa-Albernas M, Tolosa I. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments from the Gulf of Batabanó, Cuba. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 94:36-41. [PMID: 24103440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of various organochlorinated compounds, e.g. PCBs, DDTs, HCB and HCHs, were investigated in sediments of the Gulf of Batabanó, Cuba. Among the target organochlorine compounds measured, ΣDDT isomers were the predominant contaminant with concentrations ranging from 0.019 to 1.27 ng g(-1)dry wt. Lindane was present at very low concentrations in the range n.d. to 0.05 ng g(-1), while PCBs and other organochlorine pesticide residues, such as HCB, Heptaclor, Aldrin and Mirex were lower than detection limits (∼0.010 ng g(-1)). According to established sediment quality guidelines, the OCPs concentrations encountered in the surface sediments are probably not having an adverse effect on sediment dwelling organisms. Compared to concentrations reported in coastal environments from other parts of the world, PCBs and OCs concentrations in surface sediments of Batabanó Gulf were low and similar to the reported for remote and pristine environments. These results contribute to the sparse regional database for organochlorinated compounds in the Caribbean marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Alonso-Hernandez
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, AP 5, Ciudad Nuclear, Cienfuegos, Cuba.
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Song Y, Wang F, Bian Y, Zhang Y, Jiang X. Chlorobenzenes and organochlorinated pesticides in vegetable soils from an industrial site, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:362-368. [PMID: 22655347 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorinated compounds are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, especially in industrial sites. The objective of the work was to investigate whether a vegetable field near an industrial site is safe for vegetable production. The residues of chlorobenzenes (CBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in a vegetable field which was near a chemical plant in China were characterized. Point estimate quotient was used for ecological risk assessment of the investigated site. The results showed that all CBs except monochlorobenzene (MCB) were detected in soils. The total concentrations of sigmaCBs ranged from 71.06 to 716.57 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 434.93 ng/g. The main components of CBs in soil samples were dichlorobenzenes (DCBs), trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) and tetrachlorobenzenes (TeCBs), while for single congeners, 1,2,4-TCB had the highest concentration, which ranged from 13.21 to 210.35 ng/g with a mean concentration of 111.89 ng/g. Residues of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in soil samples ranged from 0.9 to 11.79 ng/g, significantly lower than sigmaDCB, sigmaTCB and sigmaTeCB. Concentrations of sigmaHCHs and sigmaDDTs in soils ranged from 11.32 to 55.24 ng/g and from 195.63 to 465.58 ng/g, respectively, of which the main components were alpha-HCH and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). Ecological risk assessment for the investigated site showed that the most potential risks were from TCBs and TeCBs, based on the hazard quotients. The higher residues of CBs and DDTs compared to the target values and the higher than 1 hazard quotients indicated that this area is not safe for vegetable production and thus soil remediation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Tolosa I, Mesa-Albernas M, Alonso-Hernandez CM. Organochlorine contamination (PCBs, DDTs, HCB, HCHs) in sediments from Cienfuegos bay, Cuba. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:1619-1624. [PMID: 20598718 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of various organochlorinated compounds, e.g. PCBs, DDTs, HCB and HCHs, were investigated in sediments from Cienfuegos bay, Cuba. Their concentrations appeared to be relatively low by global standards and only sediments receiving the impact from the residual waters of the city and thermoelectrical power approached the sediment quality guidelines for PCBs and DDTs. Relatively higher SigmaDDT concentrations and high DDT/DDE+DDD ratios in two sites near the outfalls of the city indicated a current DDT usage, probably linked to public health emergencies. These results contribute to the sparse regional database for organochlorinated compounds in the Caribbean marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tolosa
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, 4, quai Antoine 1(er), MC 98000, Monaco.
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Ghazali M, McBean E, Shen H, Dastous PA. Impact of iron concentration and ph on zero-valent iron dechlorination of DDT for brownfields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.20253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Effects of soil oxygen conditions and soil pH on remediation of DDT-contaminated soil by laccase from white rot fungi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:1612-21. [PMID: 20617049 PMCID: PMC2872356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7041612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High residues of DDT in agricultural soils are of concern because they present serious threats to food security and human health. This article focuses on remediation of DDT-contaminated soil using laccase under different soil oxygen and soil pH conditions. The laboratory experiment results showed significant effects of soil oxygen conditions and soil pH on remediation of DDT-contaminated soil by laccase at the end of a 25-d incubation period. This study found the positive correlation between the concentration of oxygen in soil and the degradation of DDT by laccase. The residue of DDTs in soil under the atmosphere of oxygen decreased by 28.1% compared with the atmosphere of nitrogen at the end of the incubation with laccase. A similar pattern was observed in the remediation of DDT-contaminated soil by laccase under different flooding conditions, the higher the concentrations of oxygen in soil, the lower the residues of four DDT components and DDTs in soils. The residue of DDTs in the nonflooding soil declined by 16.7% compared to the flooded soil at the end of the incubation. The residues of DDTs in soils treated with laccase were lower in the pH range 2.5–4.5.
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Yang SC, Lei M, Chen TB, Li XY, Liang Q, Ma C. Application of zerovalent iron (Fe(0)) to enhance degradation of HCHs and DDX in soil from a former organochlorine pesticides manufacturing plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 79:727-732. [PMID: 20303568 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of pesticide-polluted soil is particularly challenging when pesticides in soil are aged and a mixture of pesticides is present. Application of zerovalent iron (Fe(0)) was investigated to accelerate the degradation of HCHs (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-hexachlorocyclohexane) and DDX (DDT, DDE and DDD) in the soil from a former organochlorine pesticide manufacturing plant. Ultrasonic extraction was used extract the organochlorine pesticides from soil. The identification and quantification of organochlorine pesticides in the extracts were accomplished by gas chromatograph. The addition of Fe(0) facilitated the degradation of the beta-HCH isomer, but had little effect on the degradation of alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH and delta-HCH. Zerovalent iron significantly increased the degradation of p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT in soil, and the percentage degradation of p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT increased with increased Fe(0) concentration during the first period of incubation. However, the amount of p,p'-DDD, the main dechlorinated product of p,p'-DDT, basically kept increased except in the unamended soil. The addition of Fe(0) therefore did not increased the percent degradation of summation SigmaDDT (p,p'-DDT+p,p'-DDD+p,p'-DDE) markedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Cai Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Yao F, Yu G, Bian Y, Yang X, Wang F, Jiang X. Bioavailability to grains of rice of aged and fresh DDD and DDE in soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 68:78-84. [PMID: 17287003 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
DDT had been widely used around the world before 1980s and is still under production and use for non-agricultural purposes in China. Because of their special physicochemical properties, p,p'-DDT and its main metabolites, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE, accumulated and persisted in the environment, presenting potential menace on biota. A green-house study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE to grains of rice and the influences of traditional Chinese farming practices on their bioaccumulation. Paddy rice and dry rice were grown in submerged paddy soils and non-submerged upland soils, respectively. Two types of soil, Hydragric Anthrosols (An) and Hydragric Acrisols (Ac), were employed. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of DDE ranged from 0.67 for rice grown in non-submerged An to 0.84 in submerged An in the control group, whilst BAFs were all below 0.04 in experimental groups. BAFs of DDD varied from 1.39 for submerged An to 2.26 for submerged Ac in original soils. In contrast, BAFs were between 0.05 for non-submerged Ac and 0.08 for submerged An in DDD-contaminated soils. Flooding seemed to have two contradictory effects on the DDE/DDD accumulation by rice: on one hand, it made the pollutants more mobile and bioavailable; while on the other hand, it enhanced the degradation and binding of POPs. Adding rice straw to the soils protected DDE from being taken up yet promoted DDD accumulation by rice. Furthermore, the distinct inorganic component of the soils might also play an important role in the environmental activities of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenxia Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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Wang F, Jiang X, Bian YR, Yao FX, Gao HJ, Yu GF, Munch JC, Schroll R. Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2007; 19:584-590. [PMID: 17915688 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, sigmaDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by sigmaHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and alpha-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD+DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field > tree land > fallow land, indicating that land usage influenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD+DDE)/DDT > 1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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