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Mikhailova TA, Shergina OV. Diversity and negative effect of PM 0.3-10.0 adsorbed by needles of urban trees in Irkutsk, Russia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:119243-119259. [PMID: 37924402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30749-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was performed in natural forests preserved within the Boreal zone city, Irkutsk, Russia. Test sites were selected in the forests in different districts of the city, where samples of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) needles were taken to study the adsorption on their surface of aerosol particles of different sizes, in microns: PM0.3, PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10. Scanning electron microscopy was used to obtain high-resolution photographs (magnification 800- × 2000, × 16,000) and aerosol particles (particulate matter-PM) were shown to be intensively adsorbed by the surface of needles, with both size and shape of the particles characterized by a wide variety. Pine needles can be covered with particles of solid aerosol by 50-75%, stomata are often completely blocked. Larch needles often show areas, which are completely covered with aerosol particles, there are often found stomata deformed by the penetration of PMx. X-ray spectral microanalysis showed differences in the chemical composition of adsorbed PMx, the particles can be metallic if metals predominate in their composition, carbonaceous-in case of carbon predominance-or polyelemental if the composition is complex and includes significant quantities of other elements besides metals and carbon (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulfur, chlorine, fluorine). Since the particles contain a large proportion of technogenic pollutants, accumulation by the needles of some widespread pollutants was investigated. A direct correlation of a highly significant level between the concentration of PMx in the air and the accumulation of many heavy metals in pine and larch needles, as well as sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine, has been revealed, which indicates a high cleaning capacity of urban forests. At the same time, the negative impact of PMx particles on the vital status of trees is great, which shows in intense disturbance of the parameters of photosynthesis and transpiration, leading to a significant decrease in the growth characteristics of trees and reduction in the photosynthetic volume of the crowns. We consider that the results obtained are instrumental in developing an approach to improvement of urban forests status and creating a comfortable urban environment for the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Alekseevna Mikhailova
- Department of Ecology, TheNaturalandAnthropogenicEcosystemsLaboratory, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontova Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Olga Vladimirovna Shergina
- Department of Ecology, TheNaturalandAnthropogenicEcosystemsLaboratory, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontova Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia.
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Yu Z, Guoxin Y, Liyi D, Ling C, Yanan W, Jiexiu Z, Zhenming Z. Removal ability of different underlying surfaces to near-surface particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:1899-1910. [PMID: 31630639 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1683613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter is a wide-ranging environmental pollutant that can cause serious harm and poses a serious threat to public health. In this study, the near-surface particulate matter removal ability was quantitatively analyzed and compared for different land types under different pollution levels. The results showed that the concentrations of particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10) and 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM2.5) were higher in the morning and lower in the afternoon and that the seasonal variation was autumn > winter > spring > summer at a forest site. The diurnal concentration of particulate matter at a wetland site decreased continuously, with a seasonal variation of winter > autumn > spring > summer. The annual variation in the particulate matter concentration was higher in 2017 than in 2016 at both the forest and wetland sites. Forests remove particulate matter via plant leaves and root absorption, and wetlands rely on the enhancement of the relative air humidity to promote the absorption and accumulation of particles. For different air pollution levels, the deposition flux of PM2.5 increased with the pollution gradient. For the same air quality pollution level, the deposition flux of PM2.5 at the forest site was approximately 1.29 times higher than that at the wetland site. Data concerning PM10 in forests and wetlands are lacking. The results show that the deposition effect of the forest on particulate matter was better than that of the wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yu
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guoxin
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Liyi
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Ling
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Yanan
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhai Jiexiu
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Zhenming
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Mahilang M, Deb MK, Pervez S. Biogenic secondary organic aerosols: A review on formation mechanism, analytical challenges and environmental impacts. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127771. [PMID: 32799139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The review initiates with current state of information on the atmospheric reaction mechanism of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and its fate in the atmosphere. The plants release BVOCs, i.e., isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, which form secondary organic aerosols (SOA) upon oxidation. These oxidation reactions are primarily influenced by solar radiations along with other meteorological parameters viz.; temperature and relative humidity, therefore, the chemistry behind SOA formation is different during day than the night time. The review throws light upon the day and nighttime formation mechanism of SOA, recent advancements in the analytical techniques available for the measurements, and its impact on the environment. Studies have revealed that day time SOA formation is dominated by OH and O3, however, NOx initiated SOA production is dominated during night. The formation mechanism addresses that the gaseous products of VOCs are firstly formed and then partitioned over the pre-existing particles. New particle formation and biomass-derived aerosols are found to be responsible for enhanced SOA formation. 2-Dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (2D-GC/MS) is observed to be best for the analysis of organic aerosols. Radiative forcing (RF) SOA is observed to be a useful parameter to evaluate the environmental impacts of SOA and reviewed studies have shown mean RF in the ranges of -0.27 to +0.20 W m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithlesh Mahilang
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Manas Kanti Deb
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
| | - Shamsh Pervez
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
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Mofikoya AO, Yli-Pirilä P, Kivimäenpää M, Blande JD, Virtanen A, Holopainen JK. Deposition of α-pinene oxidation products on plant surfaces affects plant VOC emission and herbivore feeding and oviposition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114437. [PMID: 32268226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
White cabbage, Brassica oleracea, plants and artificial leaves covered with B. oleracea epicuticular wax were exposed to α-pinene and α-pinene oxidation products formed through the oxidation of α-pinene by ozone (O3) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals. O3 and OH-induced oxidation of α-pinene led to the formation of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and secondary organic aerosol particles (SOA), referred to together as oxidation products (OP). Exposure of cabbage plants to O3 and OH-induced α-pinene OP led to the deposition and re-emission of gas-phase OP by exposed cabbage plants. In a series of 2-choice bioassays, the specialist cruciferous herbivore, Plutella xylostella adults deposited less eggs on artificial leaves exposed to α-pinene OP than on control plants exposed to clean filtered air. P. xylostella larvae did not show a specific feeding preference when offered leaves from different exposure treatments. However, the generalist Indian stick insect, Carausius morosus, fed more on control filtered air-exposed plants than on those exposed to α-pinene OP. Taken together, our results show that exposure to α-pinene oxidation products affects VOC emissions of B. oleracea and alters P. xylostella oviposition and C. morosus feeding responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedayo O Mofikoya
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Pasi Yli-Pirilä
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annele Virtanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo K Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Padoan S, Zappi A, Adam T, Melucci D, Gambaro A, Formenton G, Popovicheva O, Nguyen DL, Schnelle-Kreis J, Zimmermann R. Organic molecular markers and source contributions in a polluted municipality of north-east Italy: Extended PCA-PMF statistical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109587. [PMID: 32668546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exceeding the maximum levels for environmental pollutants creates public and scientific interest for the environmental and human health impact it may have. In Northern Italy, the Po Valley, and in particular the Veneto region, is still a hotspot for air quality improvement. Several monitoring campaigns were carried out in this area to acquire information about sources of pollutants which are considered critical. For the first time, a deep study of the aerosol organic fraction was performed in the town Sernaglia della Battaglia, nearby Treviso. During three seasons of 2017, PM1 and PM2.5 samples were collected simultaneously. Organic molecular markers have been analyzed by in-situ derivatization thermal desorption gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (IDTD-GC-TOFMS). Alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxi-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, anhydrous sugars, resins acids, triterpenoids, and acids were considered. The organic chemical composition has been analyzed based on seasonal variation and source contributions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) have been combined to deeply investigate the main sources of particulate organic matter. On the one hand, PCA evaluates the correlations between the organic markers and their seasonal distribution. On the other hand, the source contributions to aerosol composition are estimated by PMF. Four main emission sources were found by PMF: solid fuel combustion (coal, wood), combustion of petroleum distillates (gas and fuel oil) and exhaust gases of vehicles, industrial combustion processes, home heating, and forest fires are evaluated as the most important sources for the air quality and pollution in this municipality of Northern Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Padoan
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany; CMA Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Zappi
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Thomas Adam
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany; CMA Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Dora Melucci
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Gianni Formenton
- Department of Regional Laboratories, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection of Veneto, Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Dac-Loc Nguyen
- CMA Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany; Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, D-18051, Rostock, Germany; Institute of Geophysics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Ralf Zimmermann
- CMA Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany; Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), University of Rostock, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
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Zhang W, Shao C, Sarathy SM. Analyzing the solid soot particulates formed in a fuel-rich flame by solvent-free matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8596. [PMID: 31756786 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The compositional and structural information of soot particles is essential for a better understanding of the chemistry and mechanism during the combustion. The aim of the present study was to develop a method to analyze such soot particulate samples with high complexity and poor solubility. METHODS The solvent-free sample preparation matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) technique was combined with the ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) for the characterization of solid soot particulates. Moreover, a modified iso-abundance plot (Carbon Number vs. Hydrogen Number vs. Abundance) was introduced to visualize the distributions of various chemical species, and to examine the agreement between the hydrogen-abstraction-carbon-addition (HACA) mechanism and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon growth in the investigated flame system. RESULTS This solvent-free MALDI method enabled the effective ionization of the solid soot particulates without any dissolving procedure. With the accurate m/z ratios from FTICR-MS, a unique chemical formula was assigned to each of the recorded mass signals. The combustion products were proven to be mainly large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), together with a small amount (<5%) of oxidized hydrocarbons. CONCLUSIONS The developed method provides a new approach for the molecular characterization of soot particulates like carbonaceous materials. The investigated soot particulates are mainly PAHs with no or very short aliphatic chains. The growth mechanism of PAHs during combustion can be examined against the classic HACA mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Labs, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Can Shao
- Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Mani Sarathy
- Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Chrayteh M, Savoia A, Huet TR, Dréan P. Microhydration of verbenone: how the chain of water molecules adapts its structure to the host molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5855-5864. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06678k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microsolvation of verbenone (C10H14O)·(H2O)n (n = 1, 2, 3) was investigated in a supersonic expansion using a cavity-based Fourier transform microwave spectrometer, in the 2.8–14 GHz frequency range and by computational chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhamad Chrayteh
- University of Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules
- F-59000 Lille
| | - Annunziata Savoia
- University of Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules
- F-59000 Lille
| | - Thérèse R. Huet
- University of Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules
- F-59000 Lille
| | - Pascal Dréan
- University of Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers
- Atomes et Molécules
- F-59000 Lille
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Anh HQ, Tomioka K, Tue NM, Tuyen LH, Chi NK, Minh TB, Viet PH, Takahashi S. A preliminary investigation of 942 organic micro-pollutants in the atmosphere in waste processing and urban areas, northern Vietnam: Levels, potential sources, and risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:354-364. [PMID: 30359902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Of 942 organic micro-pollutants screened, 167 compounds were detected at least once in the atmosphere in some primitive waste processing sites and an urban area in northern Vietnam by using a polyurethane foam-based passive air sampling (PUF-PAS) method and an Automated Identification and Quantification System with a Database (AIQS-DB) for GC-MS. Total concentrations of organic pollutants were higher in samples collected from an urban area of Hanoi city (2300-2600 ng m-3) as compared with those from an end-of-life vehicle (ELV) dismantling area in Bac Giang (900-1700 ng m-3) and a waste recycling cooperative in Thai Nguyen (870-1300 ng m-3). Domestic chemicals (e.g., n-alkanes, phthalate ester plasticizers, and synthetic phenolic antioxidants) dominated the organic pollutant patterns in all the samples, especially in the urban area. Pesticides (e.g., permethrins, chlorpyrifos, and propiconazole) were found in the atmosphere around the ELV sites at more elevated concentrations than the other areas. Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in the Bac Giang and Thai Nguyen facilities were significantly higher than those measured in Hanoi urban houses, probably due to the waste processing activities. Daily intake doses of organic pollutants via inhalation were estimated for waste processing workers and urban residents. This study shall provide preliminary data on the environmental occurrence, potential emission sources, and effects of multiple classes of organic pollutants in urban and waste processing areas in northern Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Quoc Anh
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences (UGAS-EU), Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Keidai Tomioka
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Kim Chi
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
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The Reducing Effect of Green Spaces with Different Vegetation Structure on Atmospheric Particulate Matter Concentration in BaoJi City, China. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanisation and industrialisation, atmospheric particulate pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems in China. In this study, green spaces in Baoji city were classified into different patterns on the basis of vegetation structural parameters, i.e., horizontal structure, vertical structure and vegetation type. Eleven types of green space with different structures were selected for investigating the relationships between atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentration and green spaces with different vegetation structure, based on the “matrix effect” of environmental factors, i.e., location, time, wind velocity, temperature, humidity and area to the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in the green spaces. The results showed that: (1) Location, time, wind velocity, temperature and humidity had highly significant effects on the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10. In sunny and breeze weather conditions, PM2.5 and PM10 concentration increased with the wind velocity and humidity, and decreased with the temperature. The range of PM10 concentration was greater than the range of PM2.5 concentration. (2) Less than 2 hectares of the green space had no significant influence on the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10. (3) The concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 showed no significant difference between all the green spaces and the control group. There was no significant difference in the reduction of PM2.5 concentration between different structural green spaces, but there was a significant difference in the reduction of PM10 concentration. The above results will provide a theoretical basis and practical methods for the optimisation of urban green space structures for improving urban air quality effectively in the future.
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Individual and Interactive Influences of Anthropogenic and Ecological Factors on Forest PM2.5 Concentrations at an Urban Scale. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Cai M, Xin Z, Yu X. Spatio-temporal variations in PM leaf deposition: A meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:207-218. [PMID: 28802990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution in urban cities is of great concern for public health due to its global and adverse effect of human health while ecosystems function and vegetation control is an effective and eco-friendly way to alleviate PM pollution. We reviewed 150 studies conducted in 15 countries that were published between 1960 and 2016 and used a meta-analysis to examine the time trends and regional differences in leaf deposited PM of urban greening plants. The results suggested that the weekly PM leaf deposition varied markedly with both plant species and space-time and the average value was 1.71 ± 0.05 g m-2·wk-1, and the variations occurred because of vegetation factors, characteristics of the PM source and meteorological factors. Moreover, fine particulate matter accounts for the minimum proportion of the total PM mass but its number ratio is maximum, more than 90% of the total number of particles. This meta-analysis illustrated the spatio-temporal trends and variations in PM leaf deposition and the influencing factors, which provides a scientific basis for the mechanism of PM deposition on leaf surface as well as plant selection and configuration in urban greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Cai
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhongbao Xin
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xinxiao Yu
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Tsinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
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12
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Holopainen JK, Kivimäenpää M, Nizkorodov SA. Plant-derived Secondary Organic Material in the Air and Ecosystems. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:744-753. [PMID: 28789922 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and deposited secondary organic material (SOM) are formed by oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants. Many SOA compounds have much longer chemical lifetimes than the original VOC, and may accumulate on plant surfaces and in soil as SOM because of their low volatility. This suggests that they may have important and presently unrecognized roles in plant adaptation. Using reactive plant terpenoids as a model we propose a three-tier (atmosphere-vegetation-soil) framework to better understand the ecological and evolutionary functions of SOM. In this framework, SOA in the atmosphere is known to affect solar radiation, SOM on the plant surfaces influences the interactive organisms, and wet and dry deposition of SOM on soil affects soil organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - M Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - S A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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13
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Wang F, Lin T, Li Y, Guo Z, Rose NL. Comparison of PM 2.5 carbonaceous pollutants between an urban site in Shanghai and a background site in a coastal East China Sea island in summer: concentration, composition and sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:833-842. [PMID: 28513752 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00129k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nine paired samples of atmospheric particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were collected concurrently from an urban site in Shanghai, China and a background site in Huaniao Island (HNI) in the coastal East China Sea (ECS) between July 21 and 29, 2011. The samples were analyzed for 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), n-alkanes (20 species, C14-C33), hopanes (10 species, C29-C32), and steranes (12 species, C27-C29). These two sites, approximately 66 km apart, are both on the pathway of land-based pollutants as they are transported to the ECS by seasonal winds. As expected, concentrations in Shanghai were higher (average: 8.4 and 67.8 ng m-3 for the 16 PAHs and n-alkanes, respectively) than those in HNI (average: 1.8 and 8.5 ng m-3, respectively). The dominant contributor to the 16 PAHs in Shanghai was 5-6-ring PAHs (60.0%), whereas 2-3-ring PAHs contributed the most (72.5%) in HNI. Plant waxes contributed 45.7% and 25.9% of the n-alkanes in Shanghai and HNI, respectively, implying a relatively greater contribution from petroleum residues to the n-alkanes in HNI. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the compositions of hopanes and steranes highlighted a prominent contribution from traffic emissions to carbonaceous PM2.5 aerosols. This study provides comprehensive details about the sources, formation, and transport of pollutants from eastern China to the coastal ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Choi JH, Ryu J, Jeon S, Seo J, Yang YH, Pack SP, Choung S, Jang KS. In-depth compositional analysis of water-soluble and -insoluble organic substances in fine (PM 2.5) airborne particles using ultra-high-resolution 15T FT-ICR MS and GC×GC-TOFMS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:329-337. [PMID: 28274593 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter consisting of ionic species, salts, heavy metals and carbonaceous material is one of the most serious environmental pollutants owing to its impacts on the environment and human health. Although elemental and organic carbon compounds are known to be major components of aerosols, information on the elemental composition of particulate matter remains limited because of the broad range of compounds involved and the limits of analytical instruments. In this study, we investigated water-soluble and -insoluble organic compounds in fine (PM2.5) airborne particles collected during winter in Korea to better understand the elemental compositions and distributions of these compounds. To collect ultra-high-resolution mass profiles, we analyzed water-soluble and -insoluble organic compounds, extracted with water and dichloromethane, respectively, using an ultra-high-resolution 15 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (15T FT-ICR) mass spectrometer in positive ion mode (via both electrospray ionization [ESI] and atmospheric pressure photoionization [APPI] for water-extracts and via APPI for dichloromethane-extracts). In conjunction with the FT-ICR mass spectrometry (MS) data, subsequent two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) data were used to identify potentially hazardous organic components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This analysis provided information on the sources of ambient particles collected during winter season and partial evidence of contributions to the acidity of organic content in PM2.5 particles. The compositional and structural features of water-soluble and -insoluble organic compounds from PM2.5 particles are important for understanding the potential impacts of aerosol-carried organic substances on human health and global ecosystems in future toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Choi
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jijeong Ryu
- Mass Spectrometry and Advanced Instrumentation Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Sodam Jeon
- Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungju Seo
- Mass Spectrometry and Advanced Instrumentation Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Microbial Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Choung
- Mass Spectrometry and Advanced Instrumentation Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Landkocz Y, Ledoux F, André V, Cazier F, Genevray P, Dewaele D, Martin PJ, Lepers C, Verdin A, Courcot L, Boushina S, Sichel F, Gualtieri M, Shirali P, Courcot D, Billet S. Fine and ultrafine atmospheric particulate matter at a multi-influenced urban site: Physicochemical characterization, mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 221:130-140. [PMID: 27914859 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Particulate Matter (PM) air pollution is one of the major concerns for environment and health. Understanding the heterogeneity and complexity of fine and ultrafine PM is a fundamental issue notably for the assessment of PM toxicological effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of a multi-influenced urban site PM, with or without the ultrafine fraction. For this purpose, PM2.5-0.3 (PM with aerodynamic diameter ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 μm) and PM2.5 were collected in Dunkerque, a French coastal industrial city and were extensively characterized for their physico-chemical properties, including inorganic and organic species. In order to identify the possible sources of atmospheric pollution, specific criteria like Carbon Preference Index (CPI) and PAH characteristic ratios were investigated. Mutagenicity assays using Ames test with TA98, TA102 and YG1041 Salmonella strains with or without S9 activation were performed on native PM sample and PM organic extracts and water-soluble fractions. BEAS-2B cell viability and cell proliferation were evaluated measuring lactate dehydrogenase release and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity after exposure to PM and their extracts. Several contributing sources were identified in PM: soil resuspension, marine emissions including sea-salt or shipping, road traffic and industrial activities, mainly related to steelmaking or petro-chemistry. Mutagenicity of PM was evidenced, especially for PM2.5, including ultrafine fraction, in relation to PAHs content and possibly nitro-aromatics compounds. PM induced cytotoxic effects at relatively high doses, while alteration of proliferation with low PM doses could be related to underlying mechanisms such as genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Landkocz
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, F-59140, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Véronique André
- Univ. Caen-Normandie, Aliments, Bioprocédés, Toxicologie, Environnements, EA 4651, Centre François Baclesse, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CCM - Centre Commun de Mesures, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Paul Genevray
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CCM - Centre Commun de Mesures, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Dorothée Dewaele
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CCM - Centre Commun de Mesures, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Perrine J Martin
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Capucine Lepers
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Lucie Courcot
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS UMR8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Saâd Boushina
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - François Sichel
- Univ. Caen-Normandie, Aliments, Bioprocédés, Toxicologie, Environnements, EA 4651, Centre François Baclesse, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Maurizio Gualtieri
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Pirouz Shirali
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sylvain Billet
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, F-59140, Dunkerque, France
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16
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Characteristics of atmospheric PM2.5 in stands and non-forest cover sites across urban-rural areas in Beijing, China. Urban Ecosyst 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-016-0533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Sun F, Lun X, Liu X, Mo L, Li R, Zhang H, Chen J, Cao Y, Shi F, Yu X. Analysis of organic and elemental carbon in heating and non-heating periods in four locations of Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:121-128. [PMID: 26101900 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1064170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in PM2.5 atmospheric aerosol were measured at four different sites in Beijing: Beijing Olympic Forest Park (OF), Jiufeng National Forest Park (JF), Beijing Forestry University campus lawn (G), and roads near the Beijing Forestry University (S). The winter heating period concentrations were 30-45% higher than the spring non-heating period. Possible reasons for this could be the severe convective weather in spring due to the temperate monsoon, deposition of PM2.5 to plants in spring, stable atmospheric conditions in winter, and/or a greater number of sources of carbonaceous aerosols in winter. The proportion of total carbon (i.e. EC + OC) in PM2.5 in Beijing is high. The OC/EC value was 2.45 (OF) and 2.39 (JF) in winter and 1.6 (OF) and 1.43 (JF) in spring. These ratios and the high correlation of OC with EC in the winter samples indicate a strong primary source of OC. Eight carbon fractions from the four different sampling locations were analysed, and the OC1-4 values were found to vary considerably. In winter, the OC1 values from all four sites were higher than the spring values. Although there were differences at each site, the percentages of OC2, OC3, EC1-OP, and EC2 were the largest. Secondary organic carbon (SOC) formed during long-range transport from the emission sources to the monitoring sites, and the increase of OC2 and OC3 concentrations could be associated with SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Sun
- a School of Soil and Water Conservation , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
- b Zachry Department of Civil Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX 77843 , USA
| | - Xiaoxiu Lun
- c College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Liu
- a School of Soil and Water Conservation , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Mo
- a School of Soil and Water Conservation , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Renna Li
- c College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- a School of Soil and Water Conservation , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jungang Chen
- a School of Soil and Water Conservation , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Cao
- c College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fangtian Shi
- d College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxiao Yu
- a School of Soil and Water Conservation , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
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18
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Blande JD, Holopainen JK, Niinemets Ü. Plant volatiles in polluted atmospheres: stress responses and signal degradation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1892-904. [PMID: 24738697 PMCID: PMC4289706 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants emit a plethora of volatile organic compounds, which provide detailed information on the physiological condition of emitters. Volatiles induced by herbivore feeding are among the best studied plant responses to stress and may constitute an informative message to the surrounding community and further function in plant defence processes. However, under natural conditions, plants are potentially exposed to multiple concurrent stresses with complex effects on the volatile emissions. Atmospheric pollutants are an important facet of the abiotic environment and can impinge on a plant's volatile-mediated defences in multiple ways at multiple temporal scales. They can exert changes in volatile emissions through oxidative stress, as is the case with ozone pollution. The pollutants, in particular, ozone, nitrogen oxides and hydroxyl radicals, also react with volatiles in the atmosphere. These reactions result in volatile breakdown products, which may themselves be perceived by community members as informative signals. In this review, we demonstrate the complex interplay among stresses, emitted signals, and modification in signal strength and composition by the atmosphere, collectively determining the responses of the biotic community to elicited signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Blande
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo K. Holopainen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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19
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Chen Y, Cao J, Zhao J, Xu H, Arimoto R, Wang G, Han Y, Shen Z, Li G. N-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in total suspended particulates from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau: concentrations, seasonal variations, and sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:9-18. [PMID: 24121162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-two suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected from Lulang on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau from July 2008 and July 2009 to investigate the concentrations, seasonal variations, and sources of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Samples were analyzed using thermal-deposition gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The concentrations of particulate total n-alkanes ranged from 0.10 to 21.83 ng m(-3), with an annual mean of 1.25 ng m(-3); the PAHs ranged from 0.06 to 2.53, with a mean of 0.59 ng m(-3). Up to 70% of PAHs were 5- and 6-ring compounds. The n-alkanes and PAHs both showed higher concentrations in winter and lower concentrations in summer. Analyses of diagnostic ratios indicate that 6.4% to 58.9% (mean 24.9%) of the n-alkanes were from plant waxes. Source characterization studies, i.e. diagnostic ratio and positive factor matrix analysis, suggest that the PAHs were from biomass burning as well as from fossil fuel combustion. Backward trajectory analysis suggests that the biomass mass burning pollutants could be from South Asia and western China via long distance transport. The study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the concentrations, seasonal variations, and sources of n-alkanes and PAHs in a remote background area in Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China; Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Richard Arimoto
- Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongming Han
- Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Guohui Li
- Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an, China
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20
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Ionic liquid-functionalized silica for selective solid-phase extraction of organic acids, amines and aldehydes. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1226:2-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Pietrogrande MC, Abbaszade G, Schnelle-Kreis J, Bacco D, Mercuriali M, Zimmermann R. Seasonal variation and source estimation of organic compounds in urban aerosol of Augsburg, Germany. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:1861-8. [PMID: 21530030 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a general assessment of the organic composition of the PM(2.5) samples collected in the city of Augsburg, Germany in a summer (August-September 2007) and a winter (February-March 2008) campaign of 36 and 30 days, respectively. The samples were directly submitted to in-situ derivatisation thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (IDTD-GC-TOFMS) to simultaneously determine the concentrations of many classes of molecular markers, such as n-alkanes, iso- and anteiso-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxidized PAHs, n-alkanoic acids, alcohols, saccharides and others. The PCA analysis of the data identified the contributions of three emission sources, i.e., combustion sources, including fossil fuel emissions and biomass burning, vegetative detritus, and oxidized PAHs. The PM chemical composition shows seasonal trend: winter is characterized by high contribution of petroleum/wood combustion while the vegetative component and atmospheric photochemical reactions are predominant in the hot season.
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22
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Ruiz-Jiménez J, Parshintsev J, Laitinen T, Hartonen K, Riekkola ML, Petäjä T, Kulmala M. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, a valuable technique for screening and semiquantitation of different chemical compounds in ultrafine 30 nm and 50 nm aerosol particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2994-3003. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Alves CA, Gonçalves C, Mirante F, Nunes T, Evtyugina M, Sánchez de la Campa A, Rocha AC, Marques MC. Organic speciation of atmospheric particles in Alvão Natural Park (Portugal). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 168:321-337. [PMID: 19688603 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PM(10) continental rural background aerosols were collected during a summer field campaign (August-September 2006) at Lamas de Olo in the upper zone of the Alvão Natural Park, a mountain region of northern Portugal. In addition to the determination of the carbonaceous content by a thermal-optical method, the organic speciation of aerosols was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in an effort to evaluate photo-oxidation products of biogenic volatile organic compounds and other markers for source characterization. The detailed analysis revealed relatively high concentrations of polyols and short-chain dicarboxylic, tricarboxylic, hydroxycarboxylic, and oxocarboxylic acids, many of which are thought to be indicators of secondary aerosol formation, accounting for about 70% of global chromatographically resolved mass. Major photo-oxidation products of alpha- and beta-pinene have been detected. The tracers for the photo-oxidation of isoprene comprise two diastereoisomeric 2-methyltetrols, C(5)-alkene triols, and 2-methylglyceric acid, which have only recently been elucidated. In addition, the occurrence of levoglucosan and other biomass combustion tracers indicates that the site was affected by wildfires. This source contributed to more than 80% of the organic carbon mass during a period of strong forest fire influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Anjos Alves
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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24
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Parshintsev J, Kivilompolo M, Ruiz-Jimenez J, Hartonen K, Kulmala M, Riekkola ML. Particle-into-liquid sampler on-line coupled with solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of organic acids in atmospheric aerosols. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5427-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Li L, Wang W, Feng J, Zhang D, Li H, Gu Z, Wang B, Sheng G, Fu J. Composition, source, mass closure of PM2.5 aerosols for four forests in eastern China. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:405-412. [PMID: 20614783 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 aerosols were collected in forests along north latitude in boreal-temperate, temperate, subtropical and tropical climatic zones in eastern China, i.e., Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve (CB), Dongping National Forest Park in Chongming Island (CM), Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve (DH), Jianfengling Nature Reserve in Hainan Island (HN). The mass concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) as well as concentrations of ten inorganic ions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO4(2-), C2O4(2-), NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) were determined. Aerosol chemical mass closures were achieved. The 24-hr average concentrations of PM2.5 were 38.8, 89.2, 30.4, 18 Cig/m3 at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. Organic matter and EC accounted for 21%-33% and 1.3%-2.3% of PM2.5 mass, respectively. The sum of three dominant secondary ions (SO4(2-), NO3-, NH4+) accounted for 44%, 50%, 45% and 16% of local PM2.5 mass at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. WSOC comprised 35%-65% of OC. The sources of PM2.5 include especially important regional anthropogenic pollutions at Chinese forest areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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26
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Laitinen T, Martín SH, Parshintsev J, Hyötyläinen T, Hartonen K, Riekkola ML, Kulmala M, Pavón JLP. Determination of organic compounds from wood combustion aerosol nanoparticles by different gas chromatographic systems and by aerosol mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Kallio M, Kivilompolo M, Varjo S, Jussila M, Hyötyläinen T. Data analysis programs for comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2923-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Gaie-Levrel F, Gutlé C, Jochims HW, Rühl E, Schwell M. Photoionization of Atmospheric Aerosol Constituents and Precursors in the 7−15 eV Energy Region: Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5138-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp7119334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Gaie-Levrel
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), Universités Paris 12 et Paris 7, UMR 7583 du CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France, and Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudine Gutlé
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), Universités Paris 12 et Paris 7, UMR 7583 du CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France, and Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Jochims
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), Universités Paris 12 et Paris 7, UMR 7583 du CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France, and Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), Universités Paris 12 et Paris 7, UMR 7583 du CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France, and Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schwell
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), Universités Paris 12 et Paris 7, UMR 7583 du CNRS, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France, and Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Modified semi-rotating cryogenic modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2357-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Alves CA. Characterisation of solvent extractable organic constituents in atmospheric particulate matter: an overview. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652008000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of accounting for 10-70% of the atmospheric aerosol mass, particulate-phase organic compounds are not well characterised, and many aspects of aerosol formation and evolution are still unknown. The growing awareness of the impact of particulate aerosols on climate, and the incompletely recognised but serious effects of anthropogenic constituents on air quality and human health, have conducted to several scientific studies. These investigations have provided information about the behaviour of atmospheric particulate matter and the description of the character of its carbonaceous content. The compilation of such results is important as they append to the emergent global-wide dataset of the organic composition of atmospheric aerosols. The contribution of the major emission sources to regional particulate pollution can be diagnosed by using specific molecular markers. This overview is mainly focused on results obtained with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, since it is the analytical method of choice in elucidating the solvent-extractable organic compounds in atmospheric particulate matter. A synopsis of the selection of organic tracers and the application of geochemical parameters to the analysis of organic constituents as a tool for source apportionment is shown here. Besides the assessment of current knowledge, this paper also presents the identification of further areas of concern.
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Parshintsev J, Nurmi J, Kilpeläinen I, Hartonen K, Kulmala M, Riekkola ML. Preparation of β-caryophyllene oxidation products and their determination in ambient aerosol samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:913-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Magnetic beads-based bioelectrochemical immunoassay of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Cincinelli A, Bubba MD, Martellini T, Gambaro A, Lepri L. Gas-particle concentration and distribution of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of Prato (Italy). CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 68:472-8. [PMID: 17307224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Air samples were collected in an urban and industrialised area of Prato (Italy) during 2002, as part of a study to identify and measure aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons ranged between 170 and 282ngm(-3) in the gas phase and from 48.9 to 276ngm(-3) in the particulate phase. The average total PAH concentrations (gas+particulate) were 59.4+/-26.5ngm(-3), and both gas and particulate phase PAH concentrations decreased with increasing temperature. Source identification using diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis identified automobile traffic, in particular, the strong influence of diesel fuel burning, as the major PAH source. Gas-particle partition coefficients (K(p)'s) of n-alkane and PAHs were well correlated with the sub-cooled liquid vapour pressure (P(L)(0)) and indicate stronger sorption of PAHs to aerosol particles compared with n-alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:689-700. [PMID: 17474104 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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