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Cheng Y, Zhang K, Huang K, Zhang H. Meta-Analysis and Machine Learning Models for Anaerobic Biodegradation Rates of Organic Contaminants in Sediments and Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12976-12988. [PMID: 38988037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic biodegradation rates (half-lives) of organic chemicals are pivotal for environmental risk assessment and remediation. Traditional experimental evaluation, constrained by prolonged, oxygen-free conditions, struggles to keep pace with emerging contaminants. Data-driven machine learning (ML) models serve as promising complements. However, reported quantitative structure-biodegradation relationships or ML models on anaerobic biodegradation are mostly based on small data sets (<100 records) and neglect experimental conditions, usually achieving compromised predictions. This work aimed to develop ML models for predicting the biodegradation half-lives of organic pollutants in anaerobic environments (i.e., sediment/soil and sludge). Focusing on important features of both chemicals and experimental conditions, we first curated two data sets, one for sediment/soil (SED) and the other for sludge (SLD), covering 978 records for 206 chemicals from the literature, and then conducted a meta-analysis. Next, we built a binary classification (half-life of 30 days as the cutoff) model with an accuracy of 81% and a regression model with R2 of 0.56 for SED based on LightGBM (80% and 0.31 for SLD based on Extra tree, respectively). The model interpretations underscored the significance of experimental conditions (e.g., temperature and inoculum dosage), as evidenced by their high feature importance, and the models were found to correctly capture the effects of chemical substructures, for example, branched structures and aromatic rings prolonged half-lives while methyl group and ortho-substitution on rings shortened half-lives. The applicability domains of the models were also defined, resulting in reasonable prediction for the half-lives of 41% (SED) or 67% (SLD) of over 4000 persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals. Overall, this study pioneers ML models for predicting the anaerobic degradation half-lives, offering valuable support for future evaluation and implementation of chemical anaerobic biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Cheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kuan Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Qiu YW, Li J, Zhao MX, Yu KF, Zhang G. The emerging and legacy persistent organic contaminants in corals of the South China Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142324. [PMID: 38740339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Seawater warming, ocean acidification and chemical pollution are the main threats to coral growth and even survival. The legacy persistent organic contaminants (POCs), such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and the emerging contaminants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), dechlorane plus (DPs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were studied in corals from Luhuitou fringing reef in Sanya Bay and Yongle atoll in Xisha Islands, the South China Sea (SCS). Total average concentrations of ∑16PAHs, ∑23OCPs, ∑34PCBs, ∑8PBDEs, ∑2DPs and ∑5NBFRs in 20 coral species (43 samples) from the SCS were 40.7 ± 34.6, 5.20 ± 5.10, 0.197 ± 0.159, 3.30 ± 3.70, 0.041 ± 0.042 and 36.4 ± 112 ng g-1 dw, respectively. PAHs and NBFRs were the most abundant compounds and they are likely to be dangerous pollutants for future coral growth. Compared to those found in other coral reef regions, these pollutants concentrations in corals were at low to median levels. Except for PBDEs, POCs in massive Porites were significantly higher than those in branch Acropora and Pocillopora (p < 0.01), as large, closely packed corals may be beneficial for retaining more pollutant. The current study contributes valuable data on POCs, particularly for halogenated flame retardants (HFRs, including PBDEs, DPs and NBFRs), in corals from the SCS, and will improve our knowledge of the occurrence and fate of these pollutants in coral reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mei-Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Ke-Fu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Ángel-Moreno Briones Á, Ramírez-Álvarez N, Hernández-Guzmán FA, Galván-Magaña F, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, Sánchez-González A, Baró-Camarasa I, González-Armas R. Levels and species-specific organochlorine accumulation in three shark species from the western Gulf of California with different life history traits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168468. [PMID: 37951268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine compounds (OCs), such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), remain ubiquitous in marine ecosystems despite their prohibition or restriction, posing a risk to marine wildlife and humans. Their accumulation in liver tissue and potential toxicity in three exploited shark species (the scalloped hammerhead, Sphyrna lewini; the Pacific sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon longurio; and the Pacific angel shark, Squatina californica) with different physiological and ecological features from the western Gulf of California (GC) were investigated. Forty of the 47 OCs analyzed were identified, evidencing a greater agricultural than industrial influence considering the high DDTs/PCBs ratios. The DDT group was the main contributor to ∑OCs in the three species, while hexa- and hepta-CBs dominated the PCB profiles. S. lewini (juveniles) and R. longurio (juveniles and adults) had similar and significantly (p < 0.05) higher ∑OCP concentrations than S. californica (juveniles and adults), which is attributed to their migration to other polluted regions of the gulf. The three species' ∑PCB levels (lipid weight) were comparable and considered low in comparison to those documented in prior studies conducted worldwide. No intraspecific differences were observed when comparing by sex, but OC concentrations were higher in larger individuals. S. lewini and R. longurio showed different OC bioaccumulation trends against size, while no relationship between size and ∑OC concentrations was observed in S. californica. All shark species' toxic equivalents (TEQs) were calculated from dioxin-like PCB concentrations and were far below the established TEQ fish thresholds. However, future research is needed regarding the possible PCB and OCP effects in elasmobranchs. This study provides the basis for monitoring organic contaminants in predatory sharks from the western GC. It also highlights the importance of further research on unintentionally produced organochlorine environmental levels and sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Ángel-Moreno Briones
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico.
| | - Nancy Ramírez-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana no 3917, Ensenada, Baja California C. P. 22860, Mexico
| | - Félix Augusto Hernández-Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana no 3917, Ensenada, Baja California C. P. 22860, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Alberto Sánchez-González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Isis Baró-Camarasa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
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Possible Processes and Mechanisms of Hexachlorobenzene Decomposition by the Selected Comamonas testosteroni Bacterial Strains. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The bacterial destructing activity toward pesticides has been the focus of research in the last few decades. Hexachlorobenzene is included in the organochlorine pesticides group that are prohibited for use. However, large hexachlorobenzene amounts are still concentrated in the soil, stressing the relevance of research on hexachlorobenzene-destroying bacteria. Methods: The ability to destroy hexachlorobenzene by Comamonas testosteroni UCM B-400, B-401, B-213 strains was investigated and established. Bacteria were cultivated (7 days at 28 °C) in mineral Luria-Bertrani (LB) medium with three hexachlorobenzene doses: 10, 20, 50 mg/L. The hexachlorobenzene concentrations were recorded by a gas chromatography method. Results: The results showed that C. testosteroni UCM B-400, B-401 have high destructive activity toward hexachlorobenzene. The highest (50 mg/L) initial concentration decreased to 41.5 and 43.8%, respectively, for C. testosteroni UCM B-400, B-401. The unadapted C. testosteroni UCM B-213 was tolerant to hexachlorobenzene (cell titers after cultivating with 10.0, 20.0, 50.0 mg/mL were higher compared to initial titer), but had a low-destructing activity level (two times less than B-400 and B-401). Conclusions: Bacterial strains C. testosteroni UCM B-400, B-401 can be seen as a potential soil bioremediation from hexachlorobenzene pollution.
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Negrete-Bolagay D, Zamora-Ledezma C, Chuya-Sumba C, De Sousa FB, Whitehead D, Alexis F, Guerrero VH. Persistent organic pollutants: The trade-off between potential risks and sustainable remediation methods. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113737. [PMID: 34536739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have become a very serious issue for the environment because of their toxicity, resistance to conventional degradation mechanisms, and capacity to bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate and biomagnify. In this review article, the safety, regulatory, and remediation aspects of POPs including aromatic, chlorinated, pesticides, brominated, and fluorinated compounds, are discussed. Industrial and agricultural activities are identified as the main sources of these harmful chemicals, which are released to air, soil and water, impacting on social and economic development of society at a global scale. The main types of POPs are presented, illustrating their effects on wildlife and human beings, as well as the ways in which they contaminate the food chain. Some of the most promising and innovative technologies developed for the removal of POPs from water are discussed, contrasting their advantages and disadvantages with those of more conventional treatment processes. The promising methods presented in this work include bioremediation, advanced oxidation, ionizing radiation, and nanotechnology. Finally, some alternatives to define more efficient approaches to overcome the impacts that POPs cause in the hydric sources are pointed out. These alternatives include the formulation of policies, regulations and custom-made legislation for controlling the use of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Negrete-Bolagay
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100119, Urcuquí, Ecuador.
| | - Camilo Zamora-Ledezma
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair: Orthobiology, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Research Group, UCAM - Universidad Católica de Murcia, Avda. Los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina Chuya-Sumba
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100119, Urcuquí, Ecuador.
| | - Frederico B De Sousa
- Laboratório de Sistemas Poliméricos e Supramoleculares, Physics and Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, 37500-903, Itajubá, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Frank Alexis
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100119, Urcuquí, Ecuador.
| | - Victor H Guerrero
- Department of Materials, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito, 170525, Ecuador.
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Wu Q, Du X, Feng X, Cheng H, Chen Y, Lu C, Wu M, Tong H. Chlordane exposure causes developmental delay and metabolic disorders in Drosophila melanogaster. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112739. [PMID: 34481351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic diseases is increasing every year, and several studies have highlighted the activity of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in causing hyperlipidemia and diabetes, and these compounds are considered to be endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Chlordane is classified as an endocrine disruptor, but the mechanism of how it functions is still unclear. This study investigates the effects of chlordane exposure on Drosophila larvae. Drosophila was cultured in diet containing 0.01 μM, 0.1 μM, 1 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM chlordane, and the toxicity of chlordane, the growth and development of Drosophila, the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathway, lipid peroxidation-related indicators and Nrf2 signaling pathway were evaluated. We here found that exposure to high concentrations of chlordane decreased the survival rate of Drosophila and that exposure to low concentrations of chlordane caused disruption of glucose and lipid metabolism, increased insulin secretion and impairment of insulin signaling. Notably, it also led to massive ROS production and lipid peroxidation despite of the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway, an important pathway for maintaining redox homeostasis. Collectively, chlordane causes lipid peroxidation and disrupts redox homeostasis, which may be a potential mechanism leading to impaired insulin signaling and the metabolism of glucose and lipid, ultimately affects Drosophila development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xueting Du
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xucong Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huimin Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chenying Lu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Girones L, Oliva AL, Negrin VL, Marcovecchio JE, Arias AH. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in coastal wetlands: A review of their occurrences, toxic effects, and biogeochemical cycling. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112864. [PMID: 34482253 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands, such as mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes, are highly threatened by increasing anthropic pressures, including chemical pollution. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have attracted attention in these particularly vulnerable ecosystems, due to their bioaccumulative, pervasive, and ecotoxic behavior. This article reviews and summarizes available information regarding current levels, biogeochemical cycling, and effects of POPs on coastal wetlands. Sediment POP levels were compared with international quality guidelines, revealing many areas where compounds could cause damage to biota. Despite this, toxicological studies on some coastal wetland plants and microorganisms showed a high tolerance to those levels. These taxonomic groups are likely to play a key role in the cycling of the POPs, with an active role in their accumulation, immobilization, and degradation. Toxicity and biogeochemical processes varied markedly along three main axes; namely species, environmental conditions, and type of pollutant. While more focused research on newly and unintentionally produced POPs is needed, mainly in salt marshes and seagrass beds, with the information available so far, the environmental behavior, spatial distribution, and toxicity level of the studied POPs showed similar patterns across the three studied ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lautaro Girones
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Ana L Oliva
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Vanesa L Negrin
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jorge E Marcovecchio
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN)-FRBB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Universidad FASTA, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés H Arias
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Hidayati NV, Asia L, Khabouchi I, Torre F, Widowati I, Sabdono A, Doumenq P, Syakti AD. Ecological risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in surface sediments from aquaculture system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128372. [PMID: 33297282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the surface sediments from shrimp ponds in four regions of the northern part of the Central Java coast (namely Brebes, Tegal, Pemalang, and Pekalongan) were investigated. The highest concentration of ∑ OCPs was found in Brebes Regency, ranging from 68.1 ± 3.4 to 168.1 ± 9.8 μg kg-1 dw. As indicated by the DDT ratio and chlordane ratio, the value suggested that those compounds may mainly originate from historical inputs rather than a recent application. The concentrations of Ʃ 7 indicator PCBs were determined, with the concentration ranged from 1.2 ± 0.7 μg kg-1 dw (Pekalongan) to 2.2 ± 0.4 μg kg-1 dw (Tegal). The most toxic PCB congener, PCB 118, was detected in all studied regions, with the highest proportion found in Tegal. Source analysis indicated that PCBs in the sediments mainly originated from Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1248. Compared to sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), some OCPs were found with concentrations which potentially posed an adverse effect. Our findings suggested that more attention should be paid to ensure sustainable shrimp culture facing such a risk of the OCPs and PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuning Vita Hidayati
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty - Jenderal Soedirman University, Kampus Karangwangkal, Jl. Dr. Suparno, Purwokerto, 53123, Indonesia; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Franck Torre
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMBE, IRD, Avignon Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ita Widowati
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Agus Sabdono
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | | | - Agung Dhamar Syakti
- Environmental Science Department, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Jl. Politeknik Senggarang, Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands Province, 29100, Indonesia; Center for Maritime Biosciences Studies, Institute for Sciences and Community Service, Jenderal Soedirman University, Kampus Karangwangkal, Jl. Dr. Suparno, Purwokerto, 53123, Indonesia.
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Qiu YW, Wang DX, Zhang G. Assessment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in sediments of the Eastern Indian Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136335. [PMID: 31926415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in sediments from the Eastern Indian Ocean were analyzed by GC-MS/MS to explore the status of contamination, distribution and their potential sources and risk. The average (±SD) concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑16PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (∑10PBDEs), dechlorane plus (∑2DP), organochlorine pesticides (∑22OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (∑31PCBs) in sediments were 79,900 ± 31,400, 173 ± 62, 42 ± 24, 1051 ± 305 and 147 ± 24 pg g-1 dw (or 11,200 ± 7200, 28 ± 26, 6 ± 6, 168 ± 121 and 24 ± 17 ng g-1 organic carbon), respectively. The concentrations of POPs in sediments were generally at low to median levels compared to those recorded in other ocean sediments. Composition analyses suggest that PAHs originate from both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources, while dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) mainly comes from technical-DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) from lindane, and chlordane from fresh inputs. The risk assessments show that the targeted chemicals except for chlordane and naphthalene in sediments do not pose potential biological effects to the organisms in the Eastern Indian Ocean. The present study contributes to the very rare data on PAHs, PBDEs, DP, OCPs and PCBs in the vast deep-ocean and will deepen our knowledge of the fate of POPs in ocean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ocean Remote Sensing, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Dong-Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Köse K, Arslan Akveran G, Erol K, Köse DA. Nicotinamide-Modified poly(HEMA-GMA)-Nic Cryogels for Removal of Pesticides. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.394592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zhu X, Zhou S, Guo J, Zhao X, Yang G, Cai Z. Eukaryal composition and diversity in anaerobic soils influenced by the novel chiral insecticide Paichongding. AMB Express 2018; 8:62. [PMID: 29671101 PMCID: PMC5906409 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Paichongding (IPP) is a neonicotinoid chiral insecticide with independent intellectual property in China. IPP application can increase crop yield, and also lead to insecticide residue and pollution in soils, which will affect microbial population and community composition in soils. In this study, four different types of soils were employed to inquire into the impact of IPP on eukaryal community and species-group through pyrosequencing of 18S rRNA gene amplicons. Fungal population differed in different soils at different days after IPP treatment (DAT). Eukaryal community species in CK (control check) groups were more rich than that with Paichongding sprayed at 5 DAT, while eukaryal species in CK soils at 60 DAT was relatively slight. Shannon's H' analysis indicated fungal species in CK soils were also higher at 5 DAT and relative lower at 60 DAT, except in soil C. There are also differences in the phyla and genus levels of the eukaryotic communities in the soil. After IPP application, the relative abundance of Nectriaceae increased 3-4 times in soil C. In soil F, Phaeosphaeriaceae increased to 57.3% at 5 DAT. The genus of Guehomyces, Aspergillus and Alternaria increased from 3.1 to 9.7, 1.1 to 4.6, 1.5 to 6.7% in soil H, respectively.
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Mohamed Ahmed Talab K, Yang ZH, Li JH, Zhao Y, Alrasheed Mohamed Omer S, Xiong YB. The influence of microbial communities for triadimefon enantiomerization in soils with different pH values. Chirality 2018; 30:293-301. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mohamed Ahmed Talab
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
- Department of Plant Protection; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; Kosti Sudan
| | - Zhong-Hua Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
| | - Jian-Hong Li
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
| | - Sara Alrasheed Mohamed Omer
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
- Department of Plant Protection; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; Kosti Sudan
| | - Ya-Bing Xiong
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Sciences and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan China
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13
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Fuentes MS, Raimondo EE, Amoroso MJ, Benimeli CS. Removal of a mixture of pesticides by a Streptomyces consortium: Influence of different soil systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:359-367. [PMID: 28126570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of organochlorine pesticides (OPs) is restricted or banned in most countries, they continue posing environmental and health concerns, so it is imperative to develop methods for removing them from the environment. This work is aimed to investigate the simultaneous removal of three OPs (lindane, chlordane and methoxychlor) from diverse types of systems by employing a native Streptomyces consortium. In liquid systems, a satisfactory microbial growth was observed accompanied by removal of lindane (40.4%), methoxychlor (99.5%) and chlordane (99.8%). In sterile soil microcosms, the consortium was able to grow without significant differences in the different textured soils (clay silty loam, sandy and loam), both contaminated or not contaminated with the OPs-mixture. The Streptomyces consortium was able to remove all the OPs in sterile soil microcosm (removal order: clay silty loam > loam > sandy). So, clay silty loam soil (CSLS) was selected for next assays. In non-sterile CSLS microcosms, chlordane removal was only about 5%, nonetheless, higher rates was observed for lindane (11%) and methoxychlor (20%). In CSLS slurries, the consortium exhibited similar growth levels, in the presence of or in the absence of the OPs-mixture. Not all pesticides were removed in the same way; the order of pesticide dissipation was: methoxychlor (26%)>lindane (12.5%)>chlordane (10%). The outlines of microbial growth and pesticides removal provide information about using actinobacteria consortium as strategies for bioremediation of OPs-mixture in diverse soil systems. Texture of soils and assay conditions (sterility, slurry formulation) were determining factors influencing the removal of each pesticide of the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Fuentes
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino, 9 de Julio 165, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Enzo E Raimondo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María J Amoroso
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino, 9 de Julio 165, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claudia S Benimeli
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino, 9 de Julio 165, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Zhang H, Lu X, Zhang Y, Ma X, Wang S, Ni Y, Chen J. Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls by loaches living in rice paddy fields of Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:893-901. [PMID: 27396615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 21 organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues and 18 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were measured in two loach species (Misgurnus mohoity and Paramisgurnus dabryanus) and the soils of their inhabiting rice paddies from three typical rice production bases of Northeast China to explore the main factors influencing the bioaccumulation. The concentrations of ∑18PCBs and ∑21OCPs in loaches were determined to be in the ranges of 0.14-0.76 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww) and 1.19-78.53 ng g(-1) ww, respectively. Most of loaches showed the considerably high contamination levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which accounted for over 97% of the total OCPs. The much lower maximum allowable loach consumption rates (<15 g d(-1)) indicated a high carcinogenic risk that results from the consumption of rice-field loaches. The field biota-soil accumulation factor (BSAF) was calculated as a main measure of bioaccumulation potential. The comparisons of BSAF values and the results of multivariate analysis indicated that habitat-specific environmental conditions, mainly the paddy soil contamination levels and average temperature, decisively affected the bioaccumulation of organochlorine contaminants. When the influence of lipid contents was offset, M. mohoity loaches were found to have a higher potential to accumulation PCBs and OCPs than P. dabryanus loaches, while the bioaccumulation potentials did not exhibit significant differences between juvenile and adult loaches and between male and female loaches. The octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) was the main chemical factor influencing bioaccumulation potentials. The BSAF values presented an increasing tendency with increasing log KOW values from 6.0 to approximately 7.0, followed by a decreasing tendency with a continuous increase in log KOW values. Moreover, loaches exhibited an isomeric-selective bioaccumulation for p,p'-chlorinated DDTs, α-HCH, β-HCH, δ-HCH and cis-chlordane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Xianbo Lu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuwen Ni
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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15
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Cai Z, Ma J, Wang J, Cai J, Yang G, Zhao X. Impact of the novel neonicotinoid insecticide Paichongding on bacterial communities in yellow loam and Huangshi soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:5134-5142. [PMID: 26552792 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5733-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are widely sprayed in modern agriculture for ensuring the crop yield, which could also lead to contamination and insecticide residue in soils. Paichongding (IPP) is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide and was developed recently in China. Soil bacterial community, diversity, and community composition vary widely depending on environmental factors. As for now, little is known about bacterial species thriving, bacterial community diversity, and structure in IPP-spraying soils. In present study, IPP degradation in yellow loam and Huangshi soils was investigated, and bacterial communities and diversity were examined in soil without IPP spray and with IPP spray through pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicons. The degradation ratio of IPP at 60 days after treatment (DAT) reached 51.22 and 34.01 % in yellow loam and Huangshi soil, respectively. A higher richness of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was found in yellow loam soil (867 OTUs) and Huangshi soil (762 OTUs) without IPP spray while OUTs were relatively low in IPP-spraying soils. The community composition also differed both in phyla and genus level between these two environmental conditions. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, Armatimonadetes, and Chlorobi were stimulated to increase after IPP application, while IPP inhibited the phyla of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cai
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Jiangtao Ma
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Jinyan Cai
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Guanghua Yang
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Xiyue Zhao
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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Ding S, Dong F, Wang B, Chen S, Zhang L, Chen M, Gao M, He P. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in atmospheric particulate matter of Northern China: distribution, sources, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17171-17181. [PMID: 26139408 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this work are to track the contamination levels, distribution characteristics, and sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in atmospheric particulate matter (APM) of Northern China and to provide more comprehensive and fundamental data for risk assessment of organochlorine contaminants (OCs) in environments. Samples were extracted and purified by the microwave-assisted extraction and solid-phase extraction system, respectively. PCBs and OCPs were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The concentrations of ΣPCBs and ΣOCPs ranged from 0.73 to 112.65 ng/g and 0.14 to 34.73 ng/g, respectively. PCBs in atmospheric particulates collected from Shijiazhuang City had the highest concentration, whereas OCP congeners were at the relatively low levels. However, the highest concentration of OCPs occurred in Yongning City. The principal component analysis indicated that the predominant compositions of PCBs in most of samples were tetrachlorobiphenyl (Tetra-CB), pentachlorobiphenyl (Penta-CB), hexachlorobiphenyl (Hexa-CB), and heptachlorbiphenyl (Hepta-CB), while hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDTs, chlordanes, and endosulfans were the dominant components of OCPs, which was attributed to their application characteristics. OCs in those particles were further used to assess a potential cancer risk to humans via ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation. Cancer risk was evaluated in airborne particles caused by PCBs and OCPs. TEQPCBs values suggested that the representative areas were subject to different pollution degrees. However, the pollution of OCPs in certain areas should be a concern due to 41.6% of the high risk, which could pose a potential risk to organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liufei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Gao
- Analytical and Testing Center, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping He
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhou X, Zhang C, Zhang D, Awata T, Xiao Z, Yang Q, Katayama A. Polyphasic characterization of an anaerobic hexachlorobenzene-dechlorinating microbial consortium with a wide dechlorination spectrum for chlorobenzenes. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:62-8. [PMID: 25795569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An anaerobic consortium that was capable of reductively dechlorinating hexachlorobenzene (HCB) to benzene was enriched from contaminated sediment. The consortium was capable of dechlorinating all chlorobenzene isomers except 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Singly and doubly flanked chlorines, as well as unflanked meta-substituted chlorines, were dechlorinated, although doubly flanked chlorines were preferred. Formate, acetate and lactate (but not ethanol) could be utilized as optimum electron donors for reductive dechlorination. Alternative electron acceptors, including nitrate and sulfate, completely inhibited HCB degradation, whereas amorphous iron oxide (FeOOH) did not suppress dechlorination activity. No degradation was found in chloramphenicol-treated consortium; however, vancomycin, molybdate, and 2-bromoethanesulfonate did not inhibit HCB dechlorination. The results of inhibitory treatments suggested that the dechlorinators were non-sulfate-reducing gram-negative or vancomycin resistant gram-positive bacteria. In addition to physiological characterization, analyses of 16S rRNA gene library of the consortium and quantitative PCR of 16S rRNA genes suggested that Dehalococcoides sp. was involved in the reductive dechlorination of HCB, and Geobacter sp. may serve as a dechlorinating candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takanori Awata
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Zhixing Xiao
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Qi Yang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Arata Katayama
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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18
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Wang W, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang H, Yu Z, Lu L, Ye Q. Studies on the anoxic dissipation and metabolism of pyribambenz propyl (ZJ0273) in soils using position-specific radiolabeling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 472:582-589. [PMID: 24317166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pyribambenz propyl (ZJ0273) is a polycyclic herbicide with increasing use, although studies show that it tends to be persistent in soil and pose phytotoxicity to rotational crops. This study employed an improved ring-specific (14)C labeling method to characterize its anoxic metabolism, with (14)C positioned on the benzoate, pyrimidyl or benzyl rings. Separation and identification of the metabolites were achieved by liquid chromatography (LC), ultralow-level liquid scintillation spectrometry, and LC-mass spectrometry (MS). Results show that the anoxic degradation follows first-order kinetics and the half-lives are approximately 38.7, 50.2 and 70.7d for loamy, saline and clayey soils, respectively. A total of five radioactive intermediates (M1-M5) were detected, and due to the loss of radiolabels, different radiochromatograms were obtained from different labels, i.e., radioactive M5 was only detected for pyrimidinyl-(14)C; M3 and M4 were only detected for pyrimidinyl-(14)C and benzyl-(14)C, while M1 and M2 were detected for all labels. Based on their appearance pattern and fragmentations from LC-MS, the structures of M1-M5 were identified, and they were proposed to form by reactions such as de-estering, hydrolysis, acylation, CN cleavage, and demethylation. All metabolites have been previously detected in aerobic soils except M4, which is a demethylation product from M3, and identified as 2-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzoic acid. The results show that ZJ0273 is more persistent in anoxic soils, and its degradation pathways and intermediates are different from aerobic metabolism and differ with the soil types, suggesting that soil-specific and farming practices may be important considerations in the use of this herbicide. The ring-specific labeling provides full molecular information about the referred compound and guarantees the reliability of the results, and can be used as an effective tool for metabolite profiling of polycyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Long Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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Xue B, Tang QZ, Jin MQ, Zhou SS, Zhang HS. Residues and enantiomeric profiling of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Xinghua Bay, southern East China Sea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:116-123. [PMID: 24328544 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.846750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution and chiral signatures of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the surface sediments of Xinghua Bay, southern East China Sea, were investigated. The total OCP concentrations ranged from 9.15 to 40.5 ng/g dry weight, with a predominance of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs). The isomer ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH (less than 1.0) and the predominant β-HCH implied that HCH residues were derived not only from historical technical HCH use but also from the additional use of lindane in this area. The isomer ratios of p,p'-DDT/(p,p'-DDD + p,p'-DDE) and o,p'-DDT/p,p''-DDT, and a strong correlation (R = 0.83, P < 0.001) between p,p'-DDE and o,p'-DDT depicted a cocktail input pattern of dicofol-type DDT and technical DDT. Moreover, the fact that only cis-chlordane was detectable for all sampling stations suggested the past application of technical chlordane. Based on the sediment quality guidelines (SQG), γ-HCH is the main OCP species of ecotoxicological concern in Xinghua Bay. Enantiomeric analysis showed that the (+)-enantiomers of α-HCH and o,p'-DDT were more prevalent than the (-)-enantiomers in most samples, whereas both racemic and nonracemic residues existed for o,p'-DDD. These results implied that the SQG of chiral OCPs should be reassessed using concentrations of their individual enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xue
- a The Faculty of Earth Resources , China University of Geosciences , Wuhan , China
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20
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Wang H, Wang C, Chen F, Ma M, Lin Z, Wang W, Xu Z, Wang X. Modification to degradation of hexazinone in forest soils amended with sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 199-200:96-104. [PMID: 22112800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Influences of one sewage sludge on degradation of hexazinone and formation of its major metabolites were investigated in four forest soils (A, B, C and D), collected in Zhejiang Province, China. In non-amended forest soils, the degradation half-life of hexazinone was 21.4, 30.4, 19.4 and 32.8 days in forest soil A, B, C and D, respectively. Degradation could start in soil A and C without lag period because the two soils had been contaminated by this herbicide for a long time, possibly leading to completion of acclimation period of hexazinone-degrading bacteria. In forest soils amended with sewage sludge, the degradation rate constant increased by 17.3% in soil A, 48.2% in soil B, 8.1% in soil C and 51.6% in soil D, respectively. The higher degradation rates (soil A and C) in non-amended soils accord with the lower rate increase in sewage sludge-amended soils. Under non-sterile conditions, biological mechanism accounted for 51.8-62.4% of hexazinone degradation in four soils. Under sterile conditions, the four soils had the similar chemical degradation capacity for hexazinone. In non-amended soil B, only one metabolite (B) was detected, while two metabolites (B and C) were found in sewage sludge-amended soil B. Similarly situated in agricultural soils, N-demethylation at 6-position of triazine ring, hydroxylation at the 4-positon of cyclohexyl group, and removal of the dimethylamino group with formation of a carbonyl group at 6-position of triazine ring appear to be the principal mechanism involved in hexazinone degradation in sewage sludge-amended forest soils. These data will improve understanding of the actual pollution risk as a result of forest soil fertilization with sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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21
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Song Y, Wang F, Bian Y, Zhang Y, Jiang X. Chlorobenzenes and organochlorinated pesticides in vegetable soils from an industrial site, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:362-368. [PMID: 22655347 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorinated compounds are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, especially in industrial sites. The objective of the work was to investigate whether a vegetable field near an industrial site is safe for vegetable production. The residues of chlorobenzenes (CBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in a vegetable field which was near a chemical plant in China were characterized. Point estimate quotient was used for ecological risk assessment of the investigated site. The results showed that all CBs except monochlorobenzene (MCB) were detected in soils. The total concentrations of sigmaCBs ranged from 71.06 to 716.57 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 434.93 ng/g. The main components of CBs in soil samples were dichlorobenzenes (DCBs), trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) and tetrachlorobenzenes (TeCBs), while for single congeners, 1,2,4-TCB had the highest concentration, which ranged from 13.21 to 210.35 ng/g with a mean concentration of 111.89 ng/g. Residues of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in soil samples ranged from 0.9 to 11.79 ng/g, significantly lower than sigmaDCB, sigmaTCB and sigmaTeCB. Concentrations of sigmaHCHs and sigmaDDTs in soils ranged from 11.32 to 55.24 ng/g and from 195.63 to 465.58 ng/g, respectively, of which the main components were alpha-HCH and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). Ecological risk assessment for the investigated site showed that the most potential risks were from TCBs and TeCBs, based on the hazard quotients. The higher residues of CBs and DDTs compared to the target values and the higher than 1 hazard quotients indicated that this area is not safe for vegetable production and thus soil remediation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Role of "Dehalococcoides" spp. in the anaerobic transformation of hexachlorobenzene in European rivers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4437-45. [PMID: 21571884 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01940-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffuse pollution by chlorinated organic compounds in river basins is a concern, due to their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. Organohalides, like hexachlorobenzene (HCB), are recalcitrant to aerobic microbial degradation, and "Dehalococcoides" spp. are the only known microorganisms capable of anaerobic transformation of these compounds coupled to their growth. In this study, sediments from four European rivers were studied in order to determine their HCB dechlorination capacities and the role of Dehalococcoides spp. in this process. Only a weak correlation was observed between Dehalococcoides species abundance and HCB transformation rates from different locations. In one of these locations, in the Ebro River sediment, HCB dechlorination could be linked to Dehalococcoides species growth and activity by 16S rRNA-based molecular methods. Furthermore, HCB dechlorination activity in this sediment was found over the full range of ambient temperatures that this sediment can be exposed to during different seasons throughout the year. The sediment contained several reductive dehalogenase (rdh) genes, and analysis of their transcription revealed the dominance of cbrA, previously shown to encode a trichlorobenzene reductive dehalogenase. This study investigated the role of Dehalococcoides spp. in HCB dechlorination in river sediments and evaluated if the current knowledge of rdh genes could be used to assess HCB bioremediation potential.
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Wang H, Wang C, Chen F, Wang X. Anaerobic degradation of chlorothalonil in four paddy soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1000-1005. [PMID: 21420733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of Chlorothalonil (CTN) was investigated in four different paddy soils under anaerobic conditions. The CTN biodegradation is strongly affected by the properties of the paddy soils. Soils associating with rich total carbon (TC), repeated CTN application, and neutral pH have shown the high capacity to biodegrade CTN. Additionally, anaerobic CTN biodegradation was accompanied by the methane generation and a drop of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The initial CTN concentration had a significant effect on CTN removal efficiency, and increase in the initial CTN concentration resulted in the decreasing of CTN removal percentage. However, it is believed that the inhibitory effect on anaerobic biodegradation of CTN is negligible in natural environment due to the much lower concentration of CTN in natural environment (at ng g(-1) or pg g(-1) level) than the one (10 μg g(-1)) investigated in this study. The 4-hydroxy-2,5,6- trichloroisophthalonitrile (HTI), one of the major metabolites of CTN degradation, has shown the significant inhibitation to the anaerobic CTN biodegradation when its residual level is over 0.1 μg g(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Liu C, Jiang X, Wang F, Yang X, Wang T. Hexachlorobenzene dechlorination as affected by nitrogen application in acidic paddy soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 179:709-714. [PMID: 20381238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Batch incubation experiments were conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertilizers (NH(4)HCO(3), CO(NH(2))(2), and NaNO(3)) on hexachlorobenzene (HCB) dechlorination in an acidic paddy soil. Results showed that NH(4)HCO(3) and CO(NH(2))(2) had similar effects on HCB dechlorination, and their application amount was a crucial factor on reductive dechlorination. The addition of a proper amount of 0.14 g NH(4)HCO(3)- or CO(NH(2))(2)-N to 500 g soil promoted HCB dechlorination, however, the application of a high amount (0.84 g) of NH(4)HCO(3)- or CO(NH(2))(2)-N inhibited HCB dechlorination. Additional NaNO(3) served as an electron acceptor and led to lower soil pH, thus inhibited HCB dechlorination. Detected dechlorinated products showed that the dominant pathway of HCB dechlorination was HCB-->pentachlorobenzene (PeCB)-->1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB)-->1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB), and PeCB was the main metabolite. The role of methanogenic bacteria in HCB dechlorination was uncertain and conditions-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
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Wang D, Weston DP, Ding Y, Lydy MJ. Development of a sample preparation method for the analysis of current-use pesticides in sediment using gas chromatography. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 58:255-67. [PMID: 19798461 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides have been implicated as the cause of sediment toxicity to Hyalella azteca in both agricultural and urban areas of California; however, for a subset of these toxic sediments (approximately 30%), the cause of toxicity remains unidentified. This article describes the analytical method development for seven additional pesticides that are being examined to determine if they might play a role in the unexplained toxicity. A pressurized liquid extraction method was optimized to simultaneously extract diazinon, methyl parathion, oxyfluorfen, dicofol, fenpropathrin, pyraclostrobin, and indoxacarb from sediment, and the extracts were cleaned using a two-step solid-phase extraction procedure. The final extract was analyzed for the target pesticides by gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC/NPD), and gas chromatography/electron capture detector (GC/ECD), after sulfur was removed by shaking with copper and cold crystallization. Three sediments were used as reference matrices to assess method accuracy and precision. Method detection limits were 0.23-1.8 ng/g dry sediment using seven replicates of sediment spiked at 1.0 ng/g dry sediment. Recoveries ranged from 61.6 to 118% with relative standard deviations of 2.1-17% when spiked at 5.0 and 50 ng/g dry sediment. The three reference sediments, spiked with 50 ng/g dry weight of the pesticide mixture, were aged for 0.25, 1, 4, 7, and 14 days. Recoveries of the pesticides in the sediments generally decreased with increased aging time, but the magnitude of the decline was pesticide and sediment dependent. The developed method was applied to field-collected sediments from the Central Valley of California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Wang
- Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture Center and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, 171 Life Science II, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Liu CY, Jiang X, Yang XL, Song Y. Hexachlorobenzene dechlorination as affected by organic fertilizer and urea applications in two rice planted paddy soils in a pot experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:958-964. [PMID: 19889446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Reductive dechlorination is a crucial pathway for HCB degradation, the applications of organic materials and nitrogen can alter microbial activity and redox potential of soils, thus probably influence HCB dechlorination. To evaluate hexachlorobenzene (HCB) dechlorination as affected by organic fertilizer (OF) and urea applications in planted paddy soils, a pot experiment was conducted in two types of soils, Hydragric Acrisols (Ac) and Gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosols (An). After 18 weeks of experiment, HCB residues decreased by 28.2-37.5% of the initial amounts in Ac, and 42.1-70.9% in An. The amounts of HCB metabolites showed that dechlorination rates in An were higher than in Ac, which was mainly attributed to the higher pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of An. Both in Ac and An, the additions of 1% and 2% OF had negative effect on HCB dechlorination, which was probably because excessive nitrogen in OF decreased degraders' activity and the degradation of organic carbon in OF accepted electrons. The application of 0.03% urea could enhance HCB dechlorination rates slightly, while 0.06% urea accelerated HCB dechlorination significantly both in Ac and An. It could be assumed that urea served as an electron donor and stimulated degraders to dechlorinate HCB. In addition, the methanogenic bacteria were involved in dechlorination process, and reductive dechlorination in planted paddy soil might be impeded for the aerenchyma and O(2) supply into the rhizosphere. Results indicated that soil types, rice root system, methanogenic bacteria, OF and urea applications all had great effects on dechlorination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
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Woo S, Yum S, Kim DW, Park HS. Transcripts level responses in a marine medaka (Oryzias javanicus) exposed to organophosphorus pesticide. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:427-32. [PMID: 18983944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The differential expression of a set of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and stress-responsive proteins was investigated by real-time quantitative PCR in intestine, liver, and muscle tissues extracted from Oryzias javanicus after exposure to the organophosphorus pesticide, Iprobenfos (IBP). After IBP exposure, transcriptional changes in all the tested genes were prominent in the liver and moderate in the intestine, but unpredictable in the muscle. In the liver, CAT transcription increased after exposure to IBP at all concentrations (P<0.05). CYP1A mRNA was induced in the intestine and liver at the two higher concentrations. G6PD transcription was induced in the liver at the three higher IBP concentrations, but was suppressed in muscle at the same concentrations. GPx expression in the liver increased at three higher concentrations of IBP. In the intestine and liver, GR expression was induced at two higher and three higher concentrations, respectively. However, no significant changes were observed in the muscle. GST and SOD transcription was induced in the liver at all IBP concentrations. IBP exposure induced UB expression in the intestine and liver in a concentration-dependent manner. The transcriptional changes in these genes in the liver could be good biomarkers for stress levels in O.javanicus, and be used as critical biomarkers for environmental quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonock Woo
- South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Geoje 656-830, Republic of Korea
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Moradas G, Auresenia J, Gallardo S, Guieysse B. Biodegradability and toxicity assessment of trans-chlordane photochemical treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:1512-1517. [PMID: 18768201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The removal of trans-chlordane (C(10)H(6)Cl(8)) from aqueous solutions was studied using UV, UV/H(2)O(2), UV/H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+), UV/TiO(2), or UV/TiO(2)/H(2)O(2) treatment using either UV/Vis blue lamps or UVC lamps (254 nm). H(2)O(2), FeSO(4) and TiO(2) were added at 1700, 456, and 2500 mgL(-1), respectively. trans-Chlordane was not significantly removed in non-irradiated controls and in samples irradiated with UV/Vis. It was also not removed in the absence of surfactant Triton X-114 added at 250 mgL(-1). In the presence of the surfactant, trans-chlordane concentration was reduced by 95-100% after 48 h of UVC and UVC/H(2)O(2) treatments and 70-80% after UVC/H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+), UVC/TiO(2) and UVC/H(2)O(2)/TiO(2) treatments. Based on these results, UVC, UVC/H(2)O(2) and UVC/TiO(2) treatments were further investigated. UVC treatment supported the highest pollutant removal (100% in 48 h), dechlorination efficiency (81% in 48 h), and detoxification to Lepidium sativum seed germination and activated sludge respiration although irradiated samples remained toxic to Chlorella vulgaris. Biodegradation of the UVC irradiated samples removed the source of algae toxicity but this could not be clearly attributed to the removal of trans-chlordane photoproducts because the surfactant interfered with the chemical and biological assays. Evidence was found that trans-chlordane was photodegraded through photolysis causing its successive dechlorination. trans-Chlordane removal was well described by a first order kinetic model at a rate of 0.21±0.01h(-1) at the 95% confidence interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerly Moradas
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Getingevagen 60, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Yang H, Zheng M, Zhu Y. Tracing the behaviour of hexachlorobenzene in a paddy soil-rice system over a growth season. J Environ Sci (China) 2008; 20:56-61. [PMID: 18572523 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)60008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent organic pollutant (POP), has been found in paddy soils. To improve the understanding of HCB contamination in paddy soils, a laboratory simulative study was carried out to investigate the behavior of HCB in a paddy soil and rice plants. This study was divided into three experiments. First, an experiment aimed to examine the evaporation of HCB in paddy soil. In the second experiment, rice was planted in 10 mg/kg HCB contaminated soil and after pot culture at 3, 6, 9, and 27 weeks (at maturity), both soil and plant samplings were scheduled to be sampled. The soil samples comprised rhizosphere soil, nonrhizosphere soil, and unplanted contaminated soil, whereas plant samples included shoots, roots, and rice grains (dehusked). Lastly, in this part, HCB in xylem saps was designed to be examined. The results showed that (1) the HCB translocation from paddy soil to rice by vaporization; (2) the HCB concentration in rice grains was surprisingly high; (3) the observed HCB decrease in rice rhizosphere offers a potential means for in situ HCB degradation; (4) HCB might not be transported along transpiration in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Reed L, Buchner V, Tchounwou PB. Environmental toxicology and health effects associated with hexachlorobenzene exposure. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2007; 22:213-243. [PMID: 18078005 DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2007.22.3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic industrial chemical hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a white crystalline solid compound. The substance is a bioaccumulative, persistent, and toxic pollutant. Historically HCB was commonly used as a pesticide and fungicide. Although HCB production and use has ceased in many countries, the compound is still generated inadvertently, as a byproduct and/or impurity in the manufacture of various chlorinated compounds, and released into the environment. Hexachlorobenzene is ubiquitous in air, water, soil, and biological matrices, as well as in major environmental compartments. Exposure to this substance is a public health concern because of its association with a wide range of adverse health effects. The International Agency for Research on Cancer and the United States Environmental Protection Agency classify HCB as a probable human carcinogen. Although globally the consumption of HCB-contaminated food is the principal source of environmental exposure, exposure can also occur through the inhalation of HCB-contaminated air, by dermal contact, or through in utero exposure and breast milk. In addition to cancer, the human health effects associated with HCB exposure involve systemic impairment (thyroid, liver, bone, skin), as well as damage to the kidneys and blood cells and the immune, endocrine, developmental, and nervous systems. In this review, we discuss the sources of HCB and the potential for human exposure, as well as systemic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamar Reed
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
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