1
|
Ángel-Moreno Briones Á, Ramírez-Álvarez N, Hernández-Guzmán FA, Galván-Magaña F, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, Sánchez-González A, Baró-Camarasa I, González-Armas R. Levels and species-specific organochlorine accumulation in three shark species from the western Gulf of California with different life history traits. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168468. [PMID: 37951268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine compounds (OCs), such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), remain ubiquitous in marine ecosystems despite their prohibition or restriction, posing a risk to marine wildlife and humans. Their accumulation in liver tissue and potential toxicity in three exploited shark species (the scalloped hammerhead, Sphyrna lewini; the Pacific sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon longurio; and the Pacific angel shark, Squatina californica) with different physiological and ecological features from the western Gulf of California (GC) were investigated. Forty of the 47 OCs analyzed were identified, evidencing a greater agricultural than industrial influence considering the high DDTs/PCBs ratios. The DDT group was the main contributor to ∑OCs in the three species, while hexa- and hepta-CBs dominated the PCB profiles. S. lewini (juveniles) and R. longurio (juveniles and adults) had similar and significantly (p < 0.05) higher ∑OCP concentrations than S. californica (juveniles and adults), which is attributed to their migration to other polluted regions of the gulf. The three species' ∑PCB levels (lipid weight) were comparable and considered low in comparison to those documented in prior studies conducted worldwide. No intraspecific differences were observed when comparing by sex, but OC concentrations were higher in larger individuals. S. lewini and R. longurio showed different OC bioaccumulation trends against size, while no relationship between size and ∑OC concentrations was observed in S. californica. All shark species' toxic equivalents (TEQs) were calculated from dioxin-like PCB concentrations and were far below the established TEQ fish thresholds. However, future research is needed regarding the possible PCB and OCP effects in elasmobranchs. This study provides the basis for monitoring organic contaminants in predatory sharks from the western GC. It also highlights the importance of further research on unintentionally produced organochlorine environmental levels and sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Ángel-Moreno Briones
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico.
| | - Nancy Ramírez-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana no 3917, Ensenada, Baja California C. P. 22860, Mexico
| | - Félix Augusto Hernández-Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana no 3917, Ensenada, Baja California C. P. 22860, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Alberto Sánchez-González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Isis Baró-Camarasa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Villagómez-Vélez SI, Noreña-Barroso E, Galván-Magaña F, González-Armas R, Rodríguez-Fuentes G, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) Skin Biopsies from Bahía de Los Ángeles, Mexico. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 112:18. [PMID: 38141110 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is a filter-feeding organism that can be considered a sentinel species, and Bahía de los Ángeles (BLA) in the Gulf of California is an important sighting site for these elasmobranchs. This filter-feeding organism can be considered a pollutant sampler from the marine environment. Persistent organic pollutants are toxic compounds with high mobility and environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and trophic transfer. Among these are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The present work aimed to determine concentrations of PAHs and OCPs in whale shark skin biopsies, collected in 2021 at BLA. Mean detected levels of PAHs and OCPs were 279.4 ng/g dw (dry weight) and 1478.1 ng/g dw, respectively. Analysis of similarities between the ordered sizes (4.2-7.6 m) and the concentrations of PAHs and OCPs indicated no significant differences. Individual PAHs detected indicate pyrogenic and petrogenic sources; the presence of pesticides at levels higher than those of hydrocarbons may be related to agricultural activity in the areas surrounding the Baja California peninsula. This study is the first report of PAH levels in R. typus for the Gulf of California and Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Itzel Villagómez-Vélez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Elsa Noreña-Barroso
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, 97356, Sisal, Yucatán, México.
- Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC), Puerto de Abrigo S/N, 97356, Sisal, Yucatán, México.
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Fuentes
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, 97356, Sisal, Yucatán, México
| | - Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodriguez-Arana Favela JP, Hernández S, González-Armas R, Galván-Magaña F, Tripp-Valdez A, Hoyos-Padilla M, Ketchum JT. A priority nursery area for the conservation of the scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini in Mexico. J Fish Biol 2022; 101:1623-1627. [PMID: 36208114 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the genetic diversity and level of genetic differentiation of the scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini from eight putative nursery areas in the Mexican Pacific Ocean, using the mtDNA control region. Genetic analyses revealed a particular spatial divergence between La Reforma and all the remaining sites, with five exclusive haplotypes and the highest genetic diversity. This pattern may be interpreted as the signature of regional female philopatry, relatively to a particular female-mediated gene flow for La Reforma, which shows a strong subdivision in the Gulf of California.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Rodriguez-Arana Favela
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
- Pelagios Kakunja A.C., La Paz, Mexico
| | - Sebastián Hernández
- Biomolecular Laboratory, Center for International Programs and Sustainability Studies, Universidad Veritas, San José, Costa Rica
- Sala de Colecciones, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Arturo Tripp-Valdez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
| | | | - James T Ketchum
- Pelagios Kakunja A.C., La Paz, Mexico
- MigraMar, Bodega Bay, California, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lara A, Galván-Magaña F, Elorriaga-Verplancken FR, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, González-Armas R, Arreola-Mendoza L, Sujitha SB, Jonathan MP, Pantoja-Echevarría LM. Mercury, selenium and cadmium in juvenile blue (Prionace glauca) and smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) sharks from the Northwest Mexican Pacific coast. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 175:113311. [PMID: 35092935 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, selenium, and mercury concentrations were measured in muscle and liver of juvenile blue (Prionace glauca) and smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) sharks caught on the west coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico, to evaluate the human health risk associated with its consumption. Cd and Hg were lower than the maximum allowable limit for human consumption established by the Mexican government (Hg = 1.0 μg g-1 and Cd = 0.50 μg g-1). Interspecific differences in trace elements accumulation denoted diet variations and physiological requirements of each shark species. Calculated biomagnification factor (BMF) values confirmed a prey-predator trophic transfer of elements. Not significant results of Selenium health benefit Index value (P. glauca = -0.46; S. zygaena = -0.02) signify no potential risks for human health. However, calculated Hazard Index values displayed possible health hazards to the children who consume blue shark meat regularly. The local population is advised regarding the ingestion rates of shark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariagna Lara
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Fernando R Elorriaga-Verplancken
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Laura Arreola-Mendoza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - S B Sujitha
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (ESIA), Unidad Ticoman, Calz. Ticomán 600, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M P Jonathan
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ángel-Moreno Briones Á, Hernández-Guzmán FA, González-Armas R, Galván-Magaña F, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, Sánchez-González A, Ramírez-Álvarez N. Organochlorine pesticides in immature scalloped hammerheads Sphyrna lewini from the western coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico: Bioaccumulation patterns and human exposure. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151369. [PMID: 34740652 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the intensive use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the proximity of the Gulf of California, there is no information regarding their levels in predatory shark species, which could be exposed to relatively high concentrations. In this area, neonates and juveniles of the critically endangered scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini are caught for consumption, so the examination of the accumulation of OCPs is necessary for future conservation, as well as to assess the exposure to humans. Levels and accumulation patterns of 29 OCPs were analyzed in the liver and muscle of 20 immature scalloped hammerheads. Twenty-three compounds were detected in liver and 17 OCPs were found in muscle. In the latter tissue, only p,p'-DDE presented concentrations above the detection limit in all samples (0.59 ± 0.21 ng/g w.w.), while in the liver, DDTs were also the main group of pesticides (215 ± 317 ng/g w.w.), followed by ∑Chlordanes > ∑Chlorobenzenes > Mirex > HCBD > Others. One of the two analyzed neonates presented high concentrations of OCPs in the liver (1830 ng/g w.w.), attributed to a bioamplification process. No differences in accumulation of OCPs were found between juveniles of both sexes, where an increase in the concentration of various compounds related with size and age was observed. Additionally, juveniles under 2 years of age may undergo a growth dilution process. Our results suggest that the consumption of this species does not imply risks to human health (chronic or carcinogenic effects) associated with OCPs. Likewise, we recommend further monitoring due to the possible recent inputs of some OCPs (e.g. dicofol, median of ratio o, p'-DDT/p, p'-DDT = 0.7) into the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Ángel-Moreno Briones
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Félix Augusto Hernández-Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, Ensenada, Baja California C. P. 22860, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Alberto Sánchez-González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, Baja California Sur C. P. 23096, Mexico
| | - Nancy Ramírez-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, Ensenada, Baja California C. P. 22860, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pancaldi F, Páez-Osuna F, Soto-Jiménez MF, Whitehead DA, González-Armas R, Vázquez-Haikin A, Becerril-García EE, Galván-Magaña F. Concentrations of Silver, Chrome, Manganese and Nickel in Two Stranded Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus) from the Gulf of California. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 107:827-832. [PMID: 33904943 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of Ag, Cr, Mn and Ni were measured in tissues of two whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) stranded in La Paz Bay (LAP) and Punta Bufeo (PB), Gulf of California, during 2017 and 2018. The concentration range of Ni (0.012-1.12 µg/g ww) and Cr (0.16-5.21) in the epidermis of both specimens was lower compared to the concentrations found in the epidermis of whale sharks from East Africa. The whale shark from LAP exhibited higher levels of Mn (4.45 µg/g ww), Ni (0.284 µg/g ww) and Cr (5.21 µg/g ww) in the muscle compared to another filter feeder shark, the megamouth, from Taiwan and from Brazil. The highest concentrations of Ag were found in the heart (3.70) of the individual from LAP and in the filtering pads (1.93) of the shark from PB. Chromium in all selected tissues and the Mn found in the skeletal muscle, testicles (0.50), liver (Right lobe, 1.28; Left lobe, 1.63) and gills (1.54) of both sharks exceeded the limit established by the FAO/WHO for fish products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pancaldi
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México
- Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Martín Federico Soto-Jiménez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Darren A Whitehead
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Abraham Vázquez-Haikin
- Asociación de Pesca Deportiva Y Ecoturismo de Bahía de Los Ángeles, Domicilio Conocido, 22980, Bahía de Los Ángeles, Baja California, México
| | - Edgar Eduardo Becerril-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, México
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, México.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ayres KA, Ketchum JT, González-Armas R, Galván-Magaña F, Hearn A, Elorriaga-Verplancken FR, Hoyos-Padilla EM, Kajiura SM. The use of an unoccupied aerial vehicle to survey shark species over sand and rocky-reef habitats in a marine protected area. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1735-1740. [PMID: 34180053 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cabo Pulmo National Park was established in 1995 and has since seen a large increase in fish biomass. An unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to survey shallow coastal habitat in which lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris), bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) and Pacific nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma unami) were recorded. Sharks were more common in the afternoon, potentially using warmer shallow areas to behaviourally thermoregulate. This study highlights UAV surveying to be a viable tool for species identification, a limitation of previous terrestrial surveys conducted in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Ayres
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C., La Paz, Mexico
| | - James T Ketchum
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C., La Paz, Mexico
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
- MigraMa, Olema, California, USA
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Alex Hearn
- MigraMa, Olema, California, USA
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Edgar M Hoyos-Padilla
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C., La Paz, Mexico
- MigraMa, Olema, California, USA
- Fins Attached: Marine Research and Conservation, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Becerril-García EE, Pancaldi F, Cruz-Villacorta AA, Rivera-Camacho AR, Aguilar-Cruz CA, Whitehead DA, González-Armas R, Arellano-Martínez M, Galván-Magaña F. General descriptions of the dermis structure of a juvenile whale shark Rhincodon typus from the Gulf of California. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1524-1528. [PMID: 34159587 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide preliminary observations on the microanatomy of Rhincodon typus skin using histology and electron microscopy analyses. Skin biopsies were obtained from a deceased juvenile male shark (548 cm total length) stranded in La Paz, Mexico, during February 2018. The results of this study evidenced the basic structure of the dermal denticles in the epidermis of the trunk of the shark, as well as the composition of the connective tissue in the hypodermis. Histological images of the hypodermis showed a high concentration of collagen fibres, formed by a large number of fine and wavy fibres of compact shape and little intercellular substance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E Becerril-García
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Francesca Pancaldi
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
| | | | - Alma R Rivera-Camacho
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Cruz
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Darren A Whitehead
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
| | | | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pelamatti T, Rios-Mendoza LM, Hoyos-Padilla EM, Galván-Magaña F, De Camillis R, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, González-Armas R. Contamination knows no borders: Toxic organic compounds pollute plastics in the biodiversity hotspot of Revillagigedo Archipelago National Park, Mexico. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 170:112623. [PMID: 34146855 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is ubiquitous and not even remote protected islands are safe from it. Floating debris can adsorb toxic compounds that concentrate on their surface, being available to the animals that ingest them. For this reason, a baseline study of plastic pollution was conducted in the remote Revillagigedo Archipelago, in the Mexican Pacific Ocean. In 47 manta net samples an average of 4.8 plastics/1000m2 was found, 73% of the pieces being <5 mm. Polyethylene and polypropylene were the most common polymers found. The chemical analysis of organic pollutants revealed that organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls are adsorbed on the plastics collected in the area. Filter feeding megafauna such as humpback whales, manta rays and whale sharks could ingest contaminated micro and macroplastics. Plastics were found also on the beach, where they are available to the ingestion by terrestrial animals, including endemic species endangered to extinction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Pelamatti
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Pelagios Kakunja A.C., Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Lorena M Rios-Mendoza
- University of Wisconsin-Superior, Department of Natural Sciences, Chemistry Program, Belknap and Catlin, PO Box 2000, Superior, WI 54880, USA
| | - Edgar M Hoyos-Padilla
- Pelagios Kakunja A.C., Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Fins Attached Marine Research and Conservation, Colorado Springs 80908, USA
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Roberto De Camillis
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Ana J Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pancaldi F, Páez-Osuna F, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, Whitehead DA, González-Armas R, Soto-Jiménez MF, O'Hara T, Vazquéz-Haikin A, Galván-Magaña F. Variation of essential and non-essential trace elements in whale shark epidermis associated to two different feeding areas of the Gulf of California. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:36803-36816. [PMID: 33710489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of California represents an important hotspot for whale shark (Rhincodon typus) aggregation. Anthropogenic activities and natural sources could expose sharks to high levels of trace elements (TEs). To determinate these levels in this endangered species, concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn (in ng/g ww) were measured in 130 whale shark skin biopsies and 44 zooplankton samples collected from two areas of the Gulf of California, Bahía de Los Angeles (BLA) and Bahía de La Paz (LAP) during 2016-2018. For biopsies, Zn exhibited highest concentrations in BLA (2016-2017, 298 ± 406; 2017-2018, 1959 ± 2545) and at LAP (in 2016-2017, 595 ± 554; in 2017-2018, 2642 ± 1261). On the other hand, Cd (BLA 2016-2017, 3 ± 3; LAP 2016-2017, 4 ± 3; BLA 2017-2018, 17 ± 14; LAP 2017-2018, 13 ± 10) and Pb (BLA 2016-2017, 7 ± 7; LAP 2016-2017, 15 ± 32; BLA 2017-2018, 69 ± 76; LAP 2017-2018, 7 ± 5) showed lowest concentrations. Significant differences in TE concentrations between sites and periods occurred. Arsenic found in shark biopsies from La Paz suggested enrichment and/or increased bioavailability in this area. Sex alone was not a significant factor in TE concentration; nevertheless, a sex-dependent difference in correlation of TE concentration and size was noted (negative in males, positive in females). This indicates feeding strategies of whale shark may be sex and size segregated. During 2017-2018, zooplankton and sharks showed enrichment in all TEs. Essential elements were not biomagnified by sharks. Lead was biomagnified through zooplankton. Strong positive correlation between selected elements indicates that Zn, Cd and Pb follow the same metabolic route in the sharks' body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pancaldi
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Martin Federico Soto-Jiménez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Todd O'Hara
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Abraham Vazquéz-Haikin
- Asociación de pesca deportiva y ecoturismo de Bahía de Los Ángeles, Domicilio conocido, 22980, Bahía de Los Ángeles, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, BCS, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aldana-Moreno A, Hoyos-Padilla EM, González-Armas R, Galván-Magaña F, Hearn A, Klimley AP, Winram W, Becerril-García EE, Ketchum JT. Residency and diel movement patterns of the endangered scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini in the Revillagigedo National Park. J Fish Biol 2020; 96:543-548. [PMID: 31858589 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first description of the residency and diel movements of Sphyrna lewini at the Revillagigedo National Park, Mexico. Eleven adult scalloped hammerheads of total length 200-300 cm were monitored using acoustic telemetry during 2013-2015 at four sites at San Benedicto Island. Diel and residency patterns were described based on 58,055 detections by four autonomous receivers. The sharks displayed high daytime residency in two of the four sites, with movements away into the pelagic environment at night. This study generates a baseline for effective monitoring to improve the conservation and management of an iconic but endangered species at this marine reserve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Aldana-Moreno
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - E Mauricio Hoyos-Padilla
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Fins Attached, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- MigraMar, Olema, California, USA
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Alex Hearn
- MigraMar, Olema, California, USA
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - A Peter Klimley
- MigraMar, Olema, California, USA
- Biotelemetry Consultants, Petaluma, California, USA
| | | | - Edgar Eduardo Becerril-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - James T Ketchum
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- MigraMar, Olema, California, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pancaldi F, Páez-Osuna F, Soto-Jiménez MF, González-Armas R, O'Hara T, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, Vázquez A, Galván-Magaña F. Trace Elements in Tissues of Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus) Stranded in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 103:515-520. [PMID: 31143976 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concentration of essential (Se, Zn and Cu) and non-essential (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) trace elements were measured in selected tissues of two dead whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) stranded in the Gulf of California (GC) in 2017 and 2018. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in the skeletal muscle of the whale shark from La Paz Bay, GC were higher compared to a previous study on whale shark from China. The shark from La Paz Bay also presented higher concentration of Pb in the epidermis, compared to the same tissue of the other whale shark stranded in Punta Bufeo, GC. The Hg in all analysed tissues was lower than those documented in carnivorous sharks. Molar ratio Se:Hg shows an excess of Se over Hg in all the tissues sampled in both sharks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pancaldi
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
| | - F Páez-Osuna
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar Y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - M F Soto-Jiménez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar Y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - R González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
| | - T O'Hara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7000, USA
| | - A J Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
| | - A Vázquez
- Asociación de Pesca Deportiva Y Ecoturismo de Bahía de Los Ángeles, Domicilio Conocido, Bahía de Los Ángeles, Baja California, 22980, Mexico
| | - F Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gárate-Lizárraga I, González-Armas R, Verdugo-Díaz G, Okolodkov YB, Pérez-Cruz B, Díaz-Ortíz JA. Seasonality of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium cf. carterae (Dinophyceae: Amphidiniales) in Bahía de la Paz, Gulf of California. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 146:532-541. [PMID: 31426190 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monthly phytoplankton samples were collected from January 2013 to December 2015 at a fixed sampling site in Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California. During this study 26 samplings were Amphidinium cf. carterae positive. The highest densities of A. cf. carterae (754.2 × 103 to 1022.4 × 103 cells L-1) were recorded during a bloom detected in January 2015 when water temperatures were 20-22 °C. This dinoflagellate showed a well-marked seasonal variation, being found mainly from November to April. Blooms of the species were linked to the upwelled water due to the northwesterly wind. Cysts surrounded by a mucilaginous membrane of A. cf. carterae were found. We also observed these hyaline cysts inside zooplankton fecal pellets. Other benthic/tychoplanktonic dinoflagellates and diatoms, including some potentially toxic species were also found. The occurrence of blooms of A. cf. carterae in Bahía de La Paz could represent a risk for aquaculture activities and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Gárate-Lizárraga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Verdugo-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Yuri B Okolodkov
- Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías (ICIMAP-UV), Calle Mar Mediterráneo 314, Costa Verde, C.P. 94294 Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Cruz
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública "Dr. Galo Soberón y Parra", Boulevard Vicente Guerrero esq. Juan R. Escudero, Ciudad Renacimiento, C.P. 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Jesús Antonio Díaz-Ortíz
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública "Dr. Galo Soberón y Parra", Boulevard Vicente Guerrero esq. Juan R. Escudero, Ciudad Renacimiento, C.P. 39715 Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pancaldi F, Galván-Magaña F, González-Armas R, Soto-Jimenez MF, Whitehead DA, O'Hara T, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, Vázquez-Haikin A, Páez-Osuna F. Mercury and selenium in the filter-feeding whale shark (Rhincodon typus) from two areas of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 146:955-961. [PMID: 31426243 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury and selenium were measured for first time in the endangered species whale shark (Rhyncodon typus) from two areas of the Gulf of California, Bahía Los Angeles (BLA) and Bahía La Paz (LAP) using dermal biopsies of seventy specimens. Additionally, nineteen zooplankton samples from LAP were analysed. Concentrations (ng/g, wet weight (ww)) in biopsies of BLA ranged from 1 to 40 for Hg and 100 to 680 for Se; while in LAP varied from 1 to 9 for Hg and 11 to 850 for Se. A positive correlation was found for Hg in BLA males biopsies with length. Hg and Se concentrations in the zooplankton from LAP were 1.6 ± 1.8 and 770 ± 930 ng/g, respectively. Hg biomagnification factor ranged from 0.8 to 5.3 in sharks. A molar excess of Se over Hg was found in the biopsies and the zooplankton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pancaldi
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096 La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096 La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096 La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Martin F Soto-Jimenez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82040, Mexico
| | - Darren A Whitehead
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096 La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Todd O'Hara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, United States
| | - Ana J Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, 23096 La Paz, BCS, Mexico
| | - Abraham Vázquez-Haikin
- Asociación de Pesca Deportiva y Ecoturismo de Bahía de los Ángeles, Domicilio conocido Bahía de los Ángeles, Baja California 22980, Mexico
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82040, Mexico; Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pelamatti T, Fonseca-Ponce IA, Rios-Mendoza LM, Stewart JD, Marín-Enríquez E, Marmolejo-Rodriguez AJ, Hoyos-Padilla EM, Galván-Magaña F, González-Armas R. Seasonal variation in the abundance of marine plastic debris in Banderas Bay, Mexico. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 145:604-610. [PMID: 31590830 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A floating plastic monitoring program was conducted for two years on a weekly basis in Banderas Bay, Mexico. A total of 94 samples were collected from May 2016 to April 2018 in the southern part of the bay. Half (57%) of them contained plastic debris; 79% of it being <5 mm in length. Polypropylene and Polyethylene were the most abundant polymers, accounting for 45% and 43% of the plastic pieces (pp), respectively. The highest abundance of plastic pieces was found in July 2016, with a maximum of 0.3 pp/m3 found in one sample. The amount of floating plastics was significantly higher in the hurricane season compared to the dry season (p < 0.001). This suggests that rainfall may play a significant role in the offload of plastics from land-based sources into the bay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Pelamatti
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Pelagios Kakunjá A.C., Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Iliana A Fonseca-Ponce
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Instituto Tecnológico de Bahía de Banderas, Crucero a Punta de Mita S/N, Bahía de Banderas 63734, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Lorena M Rios-Mendoza
- University of Wisconsin-Superior, Department of Natural Sciences, Chemistry Program, Belknap and Catlin, PO Box 2000, Superior, WI 54880, USA
| | - Joshua D Stewart
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Norwood Lane, Dorset DT2 0NT, UK
| | - Emigdio Marín-Enríquez
- CONACYT - Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Ana J Marmolejo-Rodriguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Edgar M Hoyos-Padilla
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C., Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Whitehead DA, Becerril-García EE, Petatán-Ramírez D, Vázquez-Haikin A, González-Armas R, Galván-Magaña F. Whale shark Rhincodon typus strandings in the Gulf of California, Mexico. J Fish Biol 2019; 94:165-167. [PMID: 30345520 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyses whale shark Rhincodon typus stranding in the Gulf of California, Mexico, reported by the public, scientists, authorities and artisanal fishermen. A total of 14 strandings were documented during the period 2001-2018. The total length of R. typus ranged from 350-1,102 cm, with a sex ratio of 3.5:1 (males: females). This study highlights potential stranding areas, the need for better stranding protocols to assist R. typus recovery and the importance of samples from dead animals for scientific research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren A Whitehead
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Edgar E Becerril-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C, La Paz, Mexico
| | | | - Abraham Vázquez-Haikin
- Ecosistemas Asociación de pesca deportiva y ecoturismo de Bahía de los Ángeles, Grupo de monitoreo comunitario PEJESAPO, Bahía de los Ángeles, Mexico
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gárate-Lizárraga I, González-Armas R, Okolodkov YB. Occurrence of Ostreopsis lenticularis (Dinophyceae: Gonyaulacales) from the Archipiélago de Revillagigedo, Mexican Pacific. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 128:390-395. [PMID: 29571387 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
From December 2016 to May 2017, 22 phytoplankton surface samples were collected with a 20-μm mesh net at three islands of the Archipiélago de Revillagigedo (Partida, Socorro and San Benedicto), Mexican Pacific. The sites depth was approximately 20-80 m; the surface water temperature was 21-27 °C. The potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis lenticularis was present in all the samples. Cells had a lenticular to broadly oval shape, 65-100 μm long and 50-80 μm wide. The taxonomy of the genus Ostreopsis has been unclear due to equivocal ascribing some taxonomic features among species. The identification of specimens from the archipelago was made based on the most important taxonomic characteristics: the thecal plates, the presence of two types of thecal pores (larger and smaller), and the lack of cingulum undulation. The studied cells are compared with O. cf. siamensis, O. labens and O. marina. This is the first record of the species in the archipelago waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Gárate-Lizárraga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio González-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Av. IPN s/n, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Yuri B Okolodkov
- Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías (ICIMAP-UV), Calle Hidalgo Núm. 617, Colonia Río Jamapa, C.P. 94290 Boca del Río, Veracruz, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gárate-Lizárraga I, González-Armas R. Occurrence of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum along the southern coast of the Baja California Peninsula. Mar Pollut Bull 2011; 62:626-630. [PMID: 21276986 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As part of a continuing toxic microalgae monitoring program, 22 phytoplankton samples were collected from July to November 2010 at several sampling stations along the southern coast of the Baja California Peninsula. For the first time, the toxic dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum was found along the southeastern and southwestern coasts of the peninsula. P. bahamense var. bahamense was first observed off San José del Cabo, which is an extension of the range of this variety. Both varieties occur as solitary cells. P. bahamense var. compressum occurred at temperatures ranging between 24.5°C and 31°C, whereas var. P.bahamense occurred at 28.5°C to 29°C, indicating its tropical and subtropical nature. Occurrence of P. bahamense var. compressum along this coastline may be related to El Niño 2009-2010.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Gárate-Lizárraga
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
| | | |
Collapse
|