1
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Recent Advances in Sampling and Sample Preparation for Effect-Directed Environmental Analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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2
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van Mourik LM, Janssen E, Breeuwer R, Jonker W, Koekkoek J, Arrahman A, Kool J, Leonards PEG. Combining High-Resolution Gas Chromatographic Continuous Fraction Collection with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Possibilities of Analyzing a Whole GC Chromatogram. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6158-6168. [PMID: 33832223 PMCID: PMC8153385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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This study presents, for the first time, the successful
application
of analyzing a whole gas chromatography (GC) chromatogram by nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using a continuous repeatable
and stable (n = 280) high-resolution (HR) GC fractionation
platform with a 96-well plate. Typically with GC– or liquid
chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, (isomer) standards
and/or additional NMR analysis are needed to confirm the identification
and/or structure of the analyte of interest. In the case of complex
substances (e.g., UVCBs), isomer standards are often unavailable and
NMR spectra too complex to achieve this. This proof of concept study
shows that a HR GC fractionation collection platform was successfully
applied to separate, purify, and enrich isomers in complex substances
from a whole GC chromatogram, which would facilitate NMR analysis.
As a model substance, a chlorinated paraffin (CP) mixture (>8,000
isomers) was chosen. NMR spectra were obtained from all 96 collected
fractions, which provides important information for unravelling their
full structure. As a proof of concept, a spectral interpretation of
a few NMR spectra was made to assign sub-structures. More research
is ongoing for the full characterization of CP isomers using multivariate
statistical analysis. For the first time, up to only a few CP isomers
per fraction were isolated from a highly complex mixture. These may
be further purified and certified as standards, which are urgently
needed, and can also be used for persistency, bioaccumulation, or
toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M van Mourik
- Department of Environment and Health (E&H), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elwin Janssen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Breeuwer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Jonker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco Koekkoek
- Department of Environment and Health (E&H), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arif Arrahman
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Department of Environment and Health (E&H), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Novaes FJM, Marriott PJ. Cryogenic trapping as a versatile approach for sample handling, enrichment and multidimensional analysis in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1644:462135. [PMID: 33839448 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cryogenic methods - those that employ cryogenic fluids/gases but also other approaches to generate reduced temperature - are versatile, functional and relatively easily implemented as part of a total gas chromatographic method. The general utility of a cold region is almost invariably as a trapping or focussing step, to collect analyte into a sharp zone. The success in effectively trapping analyte depends on analyte volatility and the temperature of the cold region. Analytes collection into a sorbent phase supported by cryotrapping usually provide a greater capacity trapping for the sorption step. Stripping analyte from a sample into a cryogenic trap, with subsequent introduction to GC as in a purge-and-trap method, sample introduction into an injector with incorporation of a cooling zone, manipulation and management of chromatographic bands during chromatography elution such as employed in multidimensional gas chromatography, and focussing analyte just prior to the detector, all have the same goal of concentrating the band, reducing its dispersion, and maximising response. This review summarises various approaches that demonstrate how cryogenic methods have been incorporated into gas chromatographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Junior Moreira Novaes
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Química, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bloco A, 6° Andar, Sala 626, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Philip John Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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4
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Raspotnig G, Anderl F, Kunert O, Schaider M, Brückner A, Schubert M, Dötterl S, Fuchs R, Leis HJ. A Novel Class of Defensive Compounds in Harvestmen: Hydroxy-γ-Lactones from the Phalangiid Egaenus convexus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3278-3286. [PMID: 33064479 PMCID: PMC7705963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
When threatened, the harvestman Egaenus convexus (Opiliones: Phalangiidae) ejects a secretion against offenders. The secretion originates from large prosomal scent glands and is mainly composed of two isomers of 4-hydroxy-5-octyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one (1), a β-hydroxy-γ-lactone. The compounds were characterized by GC-MS of their microreaction derivatives, HRMS, and NMR. After the synthesis of all four possible stereoisomers of 1, followed by their separation by chiral-phase GC, the absolute configurations of the lactones in the Egaenus secretion was found to be (4S,5R)-1 (90%) and (4S,5S)-1 (10%). Hydroxy-γ-lactones represent a new class of exocrine defense compounds in harvestmen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Raspotnig
- Institute
of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Research
Unit of Osteology and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Medical University, University Children’s Hospital, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Felix Anderl
- Institute
of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Olaf Kunert
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Schaider
- Institute
of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Adrian Brückner
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States of America
| | - Mario Schubert
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Dötterl
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roman Fuchs
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans-Jörg Leis
- Research
Unit of Osteology and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Medical University, University Children’s Hospital, 8036 Graz, Austria
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5
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Heethoff M, Brückner A, Schmelzle S, Schubert M, Bräuer M, Meusinger R, Dötterl S, Norton RA, Raspotnig G. Life as a fortress – structure, function, and adaptive values of morphological and chemical defense in the oribatid mite Euphthiracarus reticulatus (Actinotrichida). BMC ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40850-018-0031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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6
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A self-probing, gate-controlled, molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for ultrasensitive determination of p-nonylphenol. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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7
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Jonker W, Zwart N, Stöckl JB, de Koning S, Schaap J, Lamoree MH, Somsen GW, Hamers T, Kool J. Continuous fraction collection of gas chromatographic separations with parallel mass spectrometric detection applied to cell-based bioactivity analysis. Talanta 2017; 168:162-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Jonker W, Clarijs B, de Witte SL, van Velzen M, de Koning S, Schaap J, Somsen GW, Kool J. Gas chromatography fractionation platform featuring parallel flame-ionization detection and continuous high-resolution analyte collection in 384-well plates. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1462:100-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Brack W, Ait-Aissa S, Burgess RM, Busch W, Creusot N, Di Paolo C, Escher BI, Mark Hewitt L, Hilscherova K, Hollender J, Hollert H, Jonker W, Kool J, Lamoree M, Muschket M, Neumann S, Rostkowski P, Ruttkies C, Schollee J, Schymanski EL, Schulze T, Seiler TB, Tindall AJ, De Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Vrana B, Krauss M. Effect-directed analysis supporting monitoring of aquatic environments--An in-depth overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:1073-118. [PMID: 26779957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are often contaminated with complex mixtures of chemicals that may pose a risk to ecosystems and human health. This contamination cannot be addressed with target analysis alone but tools are required to reduce this complexity and identify those chemicals that might cause adverse effects. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is designed to meet this challenge and faces increasing interest in water and sediment quality monitoring. Thus, the present paper summarizes current experience with the EDA approach and the tools required, and provides practical advice on their application. The paper highlights the need for proper problem formulation and gives general advice for study design. As the EDA approach is directed by toxicity, basic principles for the selection of bioassays are given as well as a comprehensive compilation of appropriate assays, including their strengths and weaknesses. A specific focus is given to strategies for sampling, extraction and bioassay dosing since they strongly impact prioritization of toxicants in EDA. Reduction of sample complexity mainly relies on fractionation procedures, which are discussed in this paper, including quality assurance and quality control. Automated combinations of fractionation, biotesting and chemical analysis using so-called hyphenated tools can enhance the throughput and might reduce the risk of artifacts in laboratory work. The key to determining the chemical structures causing effects is analytical toxicant identification. The latest approaches, tools, software and databases for target-, suspect and non-target screening as well as unknown identification are discussed together with analytical and toxicological confirmation approaches. A better understanding of optimal use and combination of EDA tools will help to design efficient and successful toxicant identification studies in the context of quality monitoring in multiply stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Brack
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Selim Ait-Aissa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Wibke Busch
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Mark Hewitt
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Willem Jonker
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Lamoree
- VU Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Muschket
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pawel Rostkowski
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Jennifer Schollee
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Tindall
- WatchFrag, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | | | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Pieke E, Heus F, Kamstra JH, Mladic M, Velzen MV, Kamminga D, Lamoree MH, Hamers T, Leonards P, Niessen WMA, Kool J. High-Resolution Fractionation after Gas Chromatography for Effect-Directed Analysis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8204-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401384q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eelco Pieke
- AIMMS Division of
BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Heus
- AIMMS Division of
BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorke H. Kamstra
- Institute for Environmental
Studies (IVM), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marija Mladic
- AIMMS Division of
BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Velzen
- Institute for Environmental
Studies (IVM), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dik Kamminga
- AIMMS Division of
BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja H. Lamoree
- Institute for Environmental
Studies (IVM), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Hamers
- Institute for Environmental
Studies (IVM), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Leonards
- Institute for Environmental
Studies (IVM), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfried M. A. Niessen
- AIMMS Division of
BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- AIMMS Division of
BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Zhang X, Zhao L, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhou L. Optimization of programmed-temperature vaporization injection preparative capillary GC for compound specific radiocarbon analysis. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2136-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yexin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yunping Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Liping Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Studies, Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
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12
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Rotondo A, Tedone L, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Rapid collection and identification of a novel component from Clausena lansium Skeels leaves by means of three-dimensional preparative gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance/infrared/mass spectrometric analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 785:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Quantitative preparative gas chromatography of caffeine with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1774-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Radović JR, Rial D, Lyons BP, Harman C, Viñas L, Beiras R, Readman JW, Thomas KV, Bayona JM. Post-incident monitoring to evaluate environmental damage from shipping incidents: chemical and biological assessments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 109:136-153. [PMID: 22705812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oil and chemical spills in the marine environment are an issue of growing concern. Oil exploration and exploitation is moving from the continental shelf to deeper waters, and to northern latitudes where the risk of an oil spill is potentially greater and may affect pristine ecosystems. Moreover, a growing number of chemical products are transported by sea and maritime incidents of hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) are expected to increase. Consequently, it seems timely to review all of the experience gained from past spills to be able to cope with appropriate response and mitigation strategies to combat future incidents. Accordingly, this overview is focused on the dissemination of the most successful approaches to both detect and assess accidental releases using chemical as well as biological approaches for spills of either oil or HNS in the marine environment. Aerial surveillance, sampling techniques for water, suspended particles, sediments and biota are reviewed. Early warning bioassays and biomarkers to assess spills are also presented. Finally, research needs and gaps in knowledge are discussed.
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15
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Ragonese C, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Increasing the Isolated Quantities and Purities of Volatile Compounds by Using a Triple Deans-Switch Multidimensional Preparative Gas Chromatographic System with an Apolar-Wax-Ionic Liquid Stationary-Phase Combination. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7092-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3013829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Chromaleont srl A spin-off of
the University of Messina, c/o University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pantò
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Carla Ragonese
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.), Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Álvaro
del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico,
Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca (C.I.R.), Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Álvaro
del Portillo, 21-00128 Roma, Italy
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16
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Wu ZY, Rühle CP, Marriott PJ. Liquid chromatography fractionation with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and preparative gas chromatography–nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of selected nonylphenol polyethoxylates. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4002-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Dévier MH, Mazellier P, Aït-Aïssa S, Budzinski H. New challenges in environmental analytical chemistry: Identification of toxic compounds in complex mixtures. CR CHIM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Brack W, Ulrich N, Bataineh M. Separation Techniques in Effect-Directed Analysis. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18384-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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Yang FQ, Wang HK, Chen H, Chen JD, Xia ZN. Fractionation of volatile constituents from curcuma rhizome by preparative gas chromatography. JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED METHODS & MANAGEMENT IN CHEMISTRY 2011; 2011:942467. [PMID: 21876660 PMCID: PMC3159003 DOI: 10.1155/2011/942467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A preparative gas chromatography (pGC) method was developed for the separation of volatile components from the methanol extract of Curcuma rhizome. The compounds were separated on a stainless steel column packed with 10% OV-101 (3 m × 6 mm, i.d.), and then, the effluent was split into two gas flows. One percent of the effluent passed to the flame ionization detector (FID) for detection and the remaining 99% were directed to the fraction collector. Five volatile compounds were collected from the methanol extract of Curcuma rhizome (5 g/mL) after 83 single injections (20 uL) with the yield of 5.1-46.2 mg. Furthermore, the structures of the obtained compounds were identified as β-elemene, curzerene, curzerenone, curcumenol, and curcumenone by MS and NMR spectra, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Q. Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - H. K. Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - H. Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - J. D. Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Z. N. Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- *Z. N. Xia:
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Meinert C, Schymanski E, Küster E, Kühne R, Schüürmann G, Brack W. Application of preparative capillary gas chromatography (pcGC), automated structure generation and mutagenicity prediction to improve effect-directed analysis of genotoxicants in a contaminated groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2010; 17:885-897. [PMID: 20119663 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-009-0286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE The importance of groundwater for human life cannot be overemphasised. Besides fulfilling essential ecological functions, it is a major source of drinking water. However, in the industrial area of Bitterfeld, it is contaminated with a multitude of harmful chemicals, including genotoxicants. Therefore, recently developed methodologies including preparative capillary gas chromatography (pcGC), MOLGEN-MS structure generation and mutagenicity prediction were applied within effect-directed analysis (EDA) to reduce sample complexity and to identify candidate mutagens in the samples. A major focus was put on the added value of these tools compared to conventional EDA combining reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) followed by GC/MS analysis and MS library search. MATERIALS AND METHODS We combined genotoxicity testing with umuC and RP-LC with pcGC fractionation to isolate genotoxic compounds from a contaminated groundwater sample. Spectral library information from the NIST05 database was combined with a computer-based structure generation tool called MOLGEN-MS for structure elucidation of unknowns. Finally, we applied a computer model for mutagenicity prediction (ChemProp) to identify candidate mutagens and genotoxicants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 62 components were tentatively identified in genotoxic fractions. Ten of these components were predicted to be potentially mutagenic, whilst 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4-dichloro-6-methylphenol and 4-chlorobenzoic acid were confirmed as genotoxicants. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES The results suggest pcGC as a high-resolution fractionation tool and MOLGEN-MS to improve structure elucidation, whilst mutagenicity prediction failed in our study to predict identified genotoxicants. Genotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity caused by chemicals are complex processes, and prediction from chemical structure still appears to be quite difficult. Progress in this field would significantly support EDA and risk assessment of environmental mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Meinert
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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Meinert C, Brack W. Optimisation of trapping parameters in preparative capillary gas chromatography for the application in effect-directed analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:416-422. [PMID: 19942251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Preparative capillary gas chromatography (pcGC) provides novel high resolution fractionation opportunities in effect-directed analysis. However, harvesting efficiency strongly depends on the operating parameters of the system. Therefore, the performance of the pcGC system was optimised by identifying the best operating parameters for the preparative fraction collector (PFC) using six test analytes with different physicochemical properties. The present study indicates that pcGC parameters need to be selected individually for the investigated analytes. The major focus was put on the trapping parameters as published findings on optimum trapping conditions are very variable. No generally agreed concept is available. An alternative to temperature-controlled trapping are solvent-filled traps. The solvent dichloromethane (DCM) proved to be most suitable for a large range of compounds. Recoveries are equal to optimised dry trapping at defined temperature. Optimised recoveries were in the range of 50-70% for all compounds except benzo[a]pyrene with a recovery of 94% using one PFC and DCM-filled traps at trapping temperature of -10 degrees C, at PFC temperatures of 300 degrees C for phenol, 400 degrees C for benzo[a]pyrene and 320 degrees C for the remaining analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Meinert
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Sakata K, Miyazawa M. Regioselective Oxidation of (+)-.ALPHA.-Longipinene by Aspergillus niger. J Oleo Sci 2010; 59:261-5. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.59.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hecker M, Hollert H. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) in aquatic ecotoxicology: state of the art and future challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2009; 16:607-13. [PMID: 19705177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-009-0229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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Brack W, Bandow N, Schwab K, Schulze T, Streck G. Identifizierung toxischer Verbindungen in Sedimenten: Ansätze zur Integration von Wirkung und Bioverfügbarkeit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12302-009-0057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Application of microscale-preparative multidimensional gas chromatography with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for identification of pure methylnaphthalenes from crude oils. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1215:168-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Eyres GT, Urban S, Morrison PD, Dufour JP, Marriott PJ. Method for Small-Molecule Discovery Based on Microscale-Preparative Multidimensional Gas Chromatography Isolation with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6293-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8007847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham T. Eyres
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and Marine And Terrestrial Natural Product (MATNAP) Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia, and Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sylvia Urban
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and Marine And Terrestrial Natural Product (MATNAP) Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia, and Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Paul D. Morrison
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and Marine And Terrestrial Natural Product (MATNAP) Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia, and Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jean-Pierre Dufour
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and Marine And Terrestrial Natural Product (MATNAP) Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia, and Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Philip J. Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and Marine And Terrestrial Natural Product (MATNAP) Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia, and Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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How to confirm identified toxicants in effect-directed analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:1959-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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