1
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Laranjeiro F, Rotander A, López-Ibáñez S, Vilas A, Södergren Seilitz F, Clérandeau C, Sampalo M, Rial D, Bellas J, Cachot J, Almeda R, Beiras R. Comparative assessment of the acute toxicity of commercial bio-based polymer leachates on marine plankton. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174403. [PMID: 38960198 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Conventional plastics have become a major environmental concern due to their persistence and accumulation in marine ecosystems. The development of potential degradable polymers (PBP), such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and polylactic acid (PLA), has gained attention as an alternative to mitigate plastic pollution, since they have the potential to biodegrade under certain conditions, and their production is increasing as replacement of conventional polyolefins. This study aimed to assess and compare the toxicity of leachates of pre-compounding PBP (PLA and the PHA, polyhydroxybutyrate-covalerate (PHBv)) and polypropylene (PP) on five marine planktonic species. A battery of standard bioassays using bacteria, microalgae, sea urchin embryos, mussel embryos and copepod nauplii was conducted to assess the toxicity of leachates from those polymers. Additionally, the presence of chemical additives in the leachates was also verified through GC-MS and LC-HRMS analysis. Results showed that PHBv leachates exhibited higher toxicity compared to other polymers, with the microalgae Rhodomonas salina, being the most sensitive species to the tested leachates. On the other hand, PP and PLA generally displayed minimal to no toxicity in the studied species. Estimated species sensitivity distribution curves (SSD) show that PHBv leachates can be 10 times more hazardous to marine plankton than PP or PLA leachates, as demonstrated by the calculated Hazardous Concentration for 5 % of species (HC5). Qualitative chemical analysis supports the toxicological results, with 80 % of compounds being identified in PHBv leachates of which 2,4,6-trichlorophenol is worth mentioning due to the deleterious effects to aquatic biota described in literature. These findings underscore the fact that whereas environmental persistence can be targeted using PBP, the issue of chemical safety remains unsolved by some alternatives, such as PHBv. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity profiles of PBP materials through a priori toxicological risk assessment is vital for their responsible application as alternatives to conventional plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Laranjeiro
- ECIMAT, Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - A Rotander
- MTM Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - S López-Ibáñez
- ECIMAT, Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - A Vilas
- ECIMAT, Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - C Clérandeau
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - M Sampalo
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - D Rial
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52 36390 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - J Bellas
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52 36390 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - J Cachot
- EPOC, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - R Almeda
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - R Beiras
- ECIMAT, Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Universidade de Vigo, 36331 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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2
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Zheng X, Li Y, Xu J, Lu Y. Response of Propsilocerus akamusi (Diptera: Chironomidae) to the leachates from AMD-contaminated sediments: Implications for metal bioremediation of AMD-polluted areas. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 266:106795. [PMID: 38070394 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Acid mine water (AMD) is a global environmental problem caused by coal mining with the characteristics of low pH and high concentrations of metals and sulfates. It is a pertinent topic to seek both economical and environmentally friendly approaches to minimize the harmful effects of AMD on the environment. Insect larvae are considered a promising solution for pollution treatment. Chironomidae is the most tolerant family to contaminants in pools and its larvae have a strong capacity for metal accumulation from sediment. This paper aimed to evaluate the larvae of Propsilocerus akamusi, a dominant species in the chironomid community, as a new species for entomoremediation in AMD-polluted areas. We detected the toxic effects of AMD on P. akamusi larvae based on their survival and the trace metals bioaccumulation capabilities of P. akamusi larvae. Moreover, we analyzed the expression patterns of four stress-response genes, HSP70, Eno1, HbV, and Hb VII in P. akamusi larvae. Our results revealed that AMD exposure did not significantly affect the survival of the P. akamusi larvae and individuals exposed to some AMD gradients even exhibited higher survival. We also observed the significantly accumulated concentrations of Fe, Ni, and Zn as well as higher bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for Ni and Zn in the P. akamusi larvae exposure to AMD. Induced expression of Eno1 and Hb VII may play important roles in the AMD tolerance of P. akamusi larvae. This study indicated the potential application of P. akamusi larvae in the metal bioremediation of AMD-polluted areas. STATEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a global environmental problem related to coal mining activities. AMD pollution has become a long-term, worldwide issue for its interactive and complex stress factors. Bioremediation is an effective method to remove the metals of AMD from wastewater to prevent downstream pollution. However, the disadvantages of the slow growth rate, susceptibility to seasonal changes, difficult post-harvest management, and small biomass of hyperaccumulating plants greatly limit the usefulness of phytoremediation. Insect larvae may be useful candidate organisms to overcome these shortcomings and have been considered a promising pollution solution. Propsilocerus akamusi is a dominant species in the chironomid community and is distributed widely in many lakes of eastern Asia. This species has extraordinary abilities to resist various stresses. This research is the first time to our knowledge to evaluate the application of P. akamusi as a new species in entomoremediation in AMD-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Yuyu Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Jingchao Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Yanchao Lu
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
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3
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Stojanović J, Savić-Zdravković D, Jovanović B, Vitorović J, Bašić J, Stojanović I, Popović AŽ, Duran H, Kolarević MK, Milošević Đ. Histopathology of chironomids exposed to fly ash and microplastics as a new biomarker of ecotoxicological assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166042. [PMID: 37543338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, industrial pollution has gained extensive attention in terms of its effect on the aquatic environment. This imposes the need to develop sensitive biomarkers for early detection of pollutant toxicity in ecotoxicological assessment. The advantages of histopathological biomarkers are many, including quick reaction to the presence of contaminants, and the small number of individuals needed for efficient analysis. The present study analyzed the negative effect of lignite coal fly ash (LCFA) and microplastic particles (MPs) on Chironomus riparius, a suggested model organism by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This study aimed to perform histological analyses of larval tissues and target potential changes in treated groups that could serve as promising histopathological biomarkers of the contaminant's negative effects. Following that, other known sensitive sub-organismal biomarkers were analyzed and paired with the histopathological ones. Histological analysis of larvae showed a significantly decreased length of microvilli in midgut regions II and III in both treatments. Treatments with MPs affected oxidative stress parameters: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and hemoglobin levels, while LCFA significantly affected all tested sub-organismal biomarkers (DNA damage, levels of AOPP, SOD, and hemoglobin), except catalase (CAT) and TBARS. When observing histological slides, a significant shortage of brush border length in the posterior parts of the midgut was detected in all treatments. In the case of LCFA, the appearance of intensive vacuolization of digestive cells with inclusions resembling apoptotic bodies, in mentioned regions was also detected. This study demonstrated high sensitivity of brush border length to the MPs and LCFA exposure, complementary to other tested sub-organismal biomarkers. Revealing the great potential of this histopathological biomarker in ecotoxicological studies contributes to the international standard ecotoxicology assessment of emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stojanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Dimitrija Savić-Zdravković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| | - Boris Jovanović
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jelena Vitorović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bašić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Andrea Žabar Popović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| | - Hatice Duran
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Söğütözü Cad. 43, 06560 Ankara, Türkiye; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Margareta Kračun Kolarević
- Department of Hydroecology and water protection, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurađ Milošević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
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Pfenninger M, Foucault Q. Population Genomic Time Series Data of a Natural Population Suggests Adaptive Tracking of Fluctuating Environmental Changes. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1812-1826. [PMID: 35762661 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural populations are constantly exposed to fluctuating environmental changes that negatively affect their fitness in unpredictable ways. While theoretical models show the possibility of counteracting these environmental changes through rapid evolutionary adaptations, there have been few empirical studies demonstrating such adaptive tracking in natural populations. Here, we analyzed environmental data, fitness-related phenotyping and genomic time-series data sampled over 3 years from a natural Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Insecta) population to address this question. We show that the population's environment varied significantly on the time scale of the sampling in many selectively relevant dimensions, independently of each other. Similarly, phenotypic fitness components evolved significantly on the same temporal scale (mean 0.32 Haldanes), likewise independent from each other. The allele frequencies of 367,446 SNPs across the genome showed evidence of positive selection. Using temporal correlation of spatially coherent allele frequency changes revealed 35,574 haplotypes with more than one selected SNP. The mean selection coefficient for these haplotypes was 0.30 (s.d. = 0.68). The frequency changes of these haplotypes clustered in 46 different temporal patterns, indicating concerted, independent evolution of many polygenic traits. Nine of these patterns were strongly correlated with measured environmental variables. Enrichment analysis of affected genes suggested the implication of a wide variety of biological processes. Thus, our results suggest overall that the natural population of C. riparius tracks environmental change through rapid polygenic adaptation in many independent dimensions. This is further evidence that natural selection is pervasive at the genomic level and that evolutionary and ecological time scales may not differ at all, at least in some organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pfenninger
- Department Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute for Molecular and Organismic Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Quentin Foucault
- Department Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute for Molecular and Organismic Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Gadawski P, Montagna M, Rossaro B, Giłka W, Pešić V, Grabowski M, Magoga G. DNA barcoding of Chironomidae from the Lake Skadar region: Reference library and a comparative analysis of the European fauna. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gadawski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Matteo Montagna
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II Portici Italy
- BAT Center ‐ Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro‐environmental Technology University of Napoli Federico II Portici Italy
| | - Bruno Rossaro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Wojciech Giłka
- Laboratory of Systematic Zoology Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology Faculty of Biology University of Gdańsk Gdańsk Poland
| | - Vladimir Pešić
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science University of Montenegro Podgorica Montenegro
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Giulia Magoga
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy University of Milan Milan Italy
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6
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Fujii S, Kobayashi S, Tettey PA, Lisdiana L, Saito H, Kawai K, Sambongi Y. Transcriptome analysis of Chironomus sulfurosus larvae living in acidic environments: Insights into molecular mechanisms for acid tolerance. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 133:104288. [PMID: 34343520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of chironomid Chironomus sulfurosus mainly live in acidic rivers near hot springs, suggesting that they naturally select acidic environments as preferred habitats. Here we showed that C. sulfurosus larvae moved toward acidic areas and stayed alive on agar gels with a pH gradient of H2SO4, and the body fluid pH of the homogenized larvae was near neutral even acclimated under the acidic conditions, indicating mechanisms for acid tolerance. In order to gain insights into this mechanism at the molecular level, de novo RNA-seq analysis was performed on C. sulfurosus larvae. As a result, 1,208 genes were found to be significantly up-regulated in larvae acclimated at pH 2.0 compared to controls at pH 7.0. Among the up-regulated genes, ones encoding cuticle proteins, peritrophic matrix proteins, mucus-forming proteins, F-type ATPase subunits, glutathione S transferases, β-1,3-D-glucan synthetase, hemoglobin, and cytochrome P450 were identified. This transcriptome analysis in conjunction with behavioral and biochemical assays expands our knowledge of gene expression in C. sulfurosus larvae living in acidic environments, which will provide a basis for further studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms for acid tolerance employed by organisms in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Fujii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Pamela A Tettey
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Lisa Lisdiana
- Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Kampus Unesa Ketintang, Surabaya 60231, Indonesia
| | - Hidetoshi Saito
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawai
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sambongi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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Rebechi D, Palacio-Cortés AM, Richardi VS, Beltrão T, Vicentini M, Grassi MT, da Silva SB, Alessandre T, Hasenbein S, Connon R, Navarro-Silva MA. Molecular and biochemical evaluation of effects of malathion, phenanthrene and cadmium on Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111953. [PMID: 33482495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In-vitro effects of sub-lethal concentrations of malathion, phenanthrene (Phe) and cadmium (Cd) were tested on Chironomus sancticaroli larvae in acute bioassays by measuring biochemical and molecular parameters. Malathion was evaluated at 0.001, 0.0564 and 0.1006 mg L-1; Phe at 0.0025, 1.25 and 2.44 mg L-1; and Cd at 0.001, 3.2 and 7.4 mg L-1. The recovery test carried out at the highest concentration of each compound showed that survival of larvae exposed to Phe ranged from 4% to 5%, while the effects of malathion and Cd were irreversible, not allowing the emergence of adults. Results showed that malathion and Cd inhibited AChE, EST-α and ES-β activities at the two highest concentrations. Phe at 0.0025, 1.25 and 2.44 mg L-1; and Cd at 3.2 and 7.4 mg L-1 inhibited glutathione S-transferase activity. Oxidative stress was exclusively induced by the lowest concentration of malathion considering SOD activity once CAT was unaffected by the stressors. Lipid peroxidation was registered exclusively by malathion at the two highest concentrations, and total hemoglobin content was only reduced by Cd at the two highest concentrations. The relationship among biochemical results, examined using the PCA, evidenced that malathion and Cd concentrations were clustered into two groups, while Phe only formed one group. Four hemoglobin genes of C. sancticaroli were tested for the first time in this species, with Hemoglobin-C being upregulated by malathion. The toxicity ranking was malathion > Phe > Cd, while biochemical and molecular results showed the order malathion > Cd > Phe. Our results highlight the importance of combining different markers to understand the effects of the diverse compounds in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Rebechi
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Beltrão
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maiara Vicentini
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Alessandre
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Simone Hasenbein
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard Connon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Park K, Kwak IS. Multi-Level Gene Expression in Response to Environmental Stress in Aquatic Invertebrate Chironomids: Potential Applications in Water Quality Monitoring. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 259:77-122. [PMID: 34661753 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In freshwater ecosystems, aquatic invertebrates are influenced continuously by both physical stress and xenobiotics. Chironomids (Diptera; Chironomidae), or non-biting midges, are the most diverse and abundant invertebrates in freshwater habitats. They are a fundamental link in food chains of aquatic ecosystems. Chironomid larvae tolerate stress factors in their environments via various physiological processes. At the molecular level, environmental pollutants induce multi-level gene responses in Chironomus that regulate cellular protection through the activation of defense processes. This paper reviews literature on the transcriptional responses of biomarker genes to environmental stress in chironomids at the molecular level, in studies conducted from 1991 to 2020 (120 selected literatures of 374 results with the keywords "Chironomus and gene expression" by PubMed search tool). According to these studies, transcriptional responses in chironomids vary depending on the type of stress factor and defensive responses associated with antioxidant activity, the endocrine system, detoxification, homeostasis and stress response, energy metabolism, ribosomal machinery, apoptosis, DNA repair, and epigenetics. These data could provide a comprehensive overview of how Chironomus species respond to pollutants in aquatic environments. Furthermore, the transcriptomic data could facilitate the development of genetic tools for water quality and environmental monitoring based on resident chironomid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science and Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea.
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9
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Chironomus riparius Proteome Responses to Spinosad Exposure. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040117. [PMID: 33322338 PMCID: PMC7768432 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The potential of proteome responses as early-warning indicators of insecticide exposure was evaluated using the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius (Meigen) as the model organism. Chironomus riparius larvae were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of the neurotoxic pesticide spinosad to uncover molecular events that may provide insights on the long-term individual and population level consequences. The iTRAQ labeling method was performed to quantify protein abundance changes between exposed and non-exposed organisms. Data analysis revealed a general dose-dependent decrease in the abundance of globin proteins as a result of spinosad exposure. Additionally, the downregulation of actin and a larval cuticle protein was also observed after spinosad exposure, which may be related to previously determined C. riparius life-history traits impairment and biochemical responses. Present results suggest that protein profile changes can be used as early warning biomarkers of pesticide exposure and may provide a better mechanistic interpretation of the toxic response of organisms, aiding in the assessment of the ecological effects of environmental contamination. This work also contributes to the understanding of the sublethal effects of insecticides in invertebrates and their molecular targets.
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10
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Saraiva AS, Sarmento RA, Gravato C, Rodrigues ACM, Campos D, Simão FCP, Soares AMVM. Strategies of cellular energy allocation to cope with paraquat-induced oxidative stress: Chironomids vs Planarians and the importance of using different species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140443. [PMID: 32887009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is still used in several countries worldwide as an herbicide for weed control in agricultural production, ponds, reservoirs and irrigation canals. Thus, PQ is frequently found in surface water systems and is potentially toxic to aquatic organisms, since it can cause mitochondrial dysfunction altering in the redox state of cells. This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of PQ to Chironomus riparius and Girardia tigrina, and compare their physiological strategies to cope with environmental stress. The mean emergence time was the most sensitive endpoint for Chironomids, with the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) being 0.02 for males and 0.1 mg PQ L-1 for females. Moreover, PQ reduced the body weight of male and female imagoes, with LOECs of 0.5 and 2.5 mg PQ L-1, respectively. Paraquat also decreased the respiration rate (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1) and total glutathione (tGSH) content (LOEC = 0.5 mg PQ L-1). Thus, the aerobic production of energy was not affected and allowed chironomids to cope with oxidative stress induced by PQ, but with consequent physiological costs in terms of development rates and weight of adults. In planarians, PQ decreased the locomotion and feeding activity, and delayed photoreceptor regeneration (LOECs = 2.5 mg PQ L-1 for all endpoints). Despite increased aerobic energy production (LOEC = 0.5 mg PQ L-1), planarians were not able to cope with oxidative stress induced by the highest PQ concentrations, since lipid peroxidation levels were significantly increased (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1) concomitantly with a significant decrease of tGSH (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1). These results showed that planarians were unable to cope with oxidative stress induced by PQ with consequent impairments of behavior and regeneration despite an increased aerobic energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althiéris S Saraiva
- Departamento de Agropecuária (Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Goiano - Campus Campos Belos, 73840-000 Campos Belos, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima C P Simão
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Stanković N, Kostić I, Jovanović B, Savić-Zdravković D, Matić S, Bašić J, Cvetković T, Simeunović J, Milošević D. Can phytoplankton blooming be harmful to benthic organisms? The toxic influence of Anabaena sp. and Chlorella sp. on Chironomus riparius larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138666. [PMID: 32498154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and microalgae are abundant biota groups in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems, serving as a food source for many aquatic organisms, including the larvae of non-biting midges (Chironomidae). Many species of cyanobacteria are toxin producers, which can act as stressors to other organisms. The present study aimed to analyze and compare the effects of dietary exposure to the common toxic cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. and non-toxic microalgae Chlorella sp. in Chironomus riparius larvae. Microcystin was detected and quantified in the methanolic extract of Anabaena sp. using the HPLC-DAD technique, and it was identified as microcystin-LR. Both Anabaena sp. and Chlorella sp. were suitable food sources to enable the survival of C. riparius larvae in laboratory conditions, causing negligible mortality and significant differences in the larval mass (ANOVA and Post hoc LSD test; p < 0.05) and hemoglobin concentration (Student's t-test; p < 0.05). Oxidative stress parameters such as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and DNA damage, were also investigated. One-way ANOVA, followed by the Post hoc LSD test, showed a significant increase in AOPP and CAT for the group of larvae fed with Chlorella sp. The same test showed moderate DNA damage in both groups of larvae, with greater damage in the group fed with Anabaena sp. Thus, Chlorella sp. and microcystin-LR producing Anabaena sp. are food sources that did not result in any drastic acute effect on the population level of C. riparius larvae. However, sub-individual-level endpoints revealed significant effects of the treatments, since they caused oxidative stress and DNA damage that may pose a danger to successive generations of test organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Stanković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Kostić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Boris Jovanović
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Dimitrija Savić-Zdravković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matić
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bašić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Cvetković
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelica Simeunović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Djuradj Milošević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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12
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Zhang L, Yang J, Li H, You J, Chatterjee N, Zhang X. Development of the transcriptome for a sediment ecotoxicological model species, Chironomus dilutus. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125541. [PMID: 32050339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chironomus dilutus is a prominent model species in conventional sediment toxicity testing and sediment contamination diagnosis. However, lack of genomic data significantly limited its application in identifying toxicological mode of action (MOA) and molecular biomarkers of toxicants. Here the transcriptome of C. dilutus in full life span and both sexes (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae, pupae, and adults) were developed and temporal gene expression across adjacent life stages were investigated to understand the regulation of development. Furthermore, transcriptional response of Midges (the 4th instar larvae) exposed to chemicals of different MOAs (CdCl2, nonylphenol and triclosan) were profiled based on the reference transcriptome. Consequently, a complete transcriptome of 31132 unigenes with N50 of 3117bp, covering 98.8% of the arthropod single-copy orthologs were assembled. While 364 genes were differentially expressed among adjacent larval stages, 7142 and 2127 of transcripts were significantly changed for the transition of larvae-pupae and pupae-adults, respectively. Finally, chemical-specific gene expression profile were identified in the midges, showed its potential in classifying distinct contaminants. Overall, the comprehensive transcriptome of C. dilutus developed here could not only facilitate the mechanistic understanding of environmental toxicants during critical life stage of aquatic insects, but also provide molecular diagnostic tools in sediment ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Nivedita Chatterjee
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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13
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Szczerkowska-Majchrzak E, Jarosiewicz M. A comparative study of the oxidative system in Chironomidae larvae with contrasting feeding strategies. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1810336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Szczerkowska-Majchrzak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - M. Jarosiewicz
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, University of Lodz, Poland
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Lodz, Poland
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14
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Arambourou H, Llorente L, Moreno-Ocio I, Herrero Ó, Barata C, Fuertes I, Delorme N, Méndez-Fernández L, Planelló R. Exposure to heavy metal-contaminated sediments disrupts gene expression, lipid profile, and life history traits in the midge Chironomus riparius. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115165. [PMID: 31614238 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the concern about anthropogenic heavy metal accumulation, there remain few multi-level ecotoxicological studies to evaluate their effects in fluvial ecosystems. The toxicity of field-collected sediments exhibiting a gradient of heavy metal contamination (Cd, Pb, and Zn) was assessed in Chironomus riparius. For this purpose, larvae were exposed throughout their entire life cycle to these sediments, and toxic effects were measured at different levels of biological organization, from the molecular (lipidomic analysis and transcriptional profile) to the whole organism response (respiration rate, shape markers, and emergence rate). Alterations in the activity of relevant genes, as well as an increase of storage lipids and decrease in membrane fluidity, were detected in larvae exposed to the most contaminated sediments. Moreover, reduced larval and adult mass, decrease of larval respiration rate, and delayed emergence were observed, along with increased mentum and mandible size in larvae and decreased wing loading in adults. This study points out the deleterious effects of heavy metal exposure at various levels of biological organization and provides some clues regarding the mode of toxic action. This integrative approach provides new insights into the multi-level effects on aquatic insects exposed to heavy metal mixtures in field sediments, providing useful tools for ecological risk assessment in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lola Llorente
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo Moreno-Ocio
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cellular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Óscar Herrero
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fuertes
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Leire Méndez-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Rosario Planelló
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Ospina‐Pérez EM, Campeón‐Morales OI, Richardi VS, Rivera‐Páez FA. Histological description of immature
Chironomus columbiensis
(Diptera: Chironomidae): A potential contribution to environmental monitoring. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1277-1289. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Ospina‐Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Caldas Caldas Colombia
| | - Oscar I. Campeón‐Morales
- Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Caldas Caldas Colombia
| | - Vinicius S. Richardi
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Fisiologia de Culicidae e Chironomidae, Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Fredy A. Rivera‐Páez
- Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Caldas Caldas Colombia
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Mantilla JG, Gomes L, Cristancho MA. The differential expression of Chironomus spp genes as useful tools in the search for pollution biomarkers in freshwater ecosystems. Brief Funct Genomics 2018; 17:151-156. [PMID: 28968626 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elx021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects of the Chironomidae family are characterized by a wide ecological diversity in freshwater ecosystems. The larvae have the physiological potential to tolerate environmental stress even when there is a low concentration of oxygen, the presence of toxic substances or when there are changes in temperature and salinity. On the other hand, it is important to consider that at a cellular level, when individual insects are exposed to environmental changes, it induces responses of groups of genes that govern the molecular mechanisms related to such tolerance. In this review, using fourth instar larvae of Chironomus spp. in natural conditions and of Chironomus columbiensis under controlled conditions, we will discuss the genetic expression of a group of genes that respond to detoxification and also the biological functions involved and impacted on by mining stressors. The study of macroinvertebrate bioindicator species and their gene expression as a result of mining activity opens a window on the search for genetic biomarkers that could be used in environmental pollution assessments in freshwater ecosystems.
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17
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Tang G, Yao J, Zhang X, Lu N, Zhu KY. Comparison of gene expression profiles in the aquatic midge (Chironomus tentans) larvae exposed to two major agricultural pesticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:745-754. [PMID: 29247934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We developed a high-resolution expression microarray based on 2456 unique transcripts from a cDNA library of the aquatic midge (Chironomus tentans). By using the microarray, we detected that 146, 434 and 243 genes were differentially expressed after C. tentans larvae were exposed to chlorpyrifos (organophosphate insecticide) at 0.1 and 0.5 μg/L, and atrazine (triazine herbicide) at 1000 μg/L, respectively, for 48 h. The number of differentially expressed genes in the larvae exposed to chlorpyrifos at 0.5 μg/L was three times of that in the larvae exposed to chlorpyrifos at 0.1 μg/L. Among the differentially expressed genes in response to chlorpyrifos exposures, 76 genes showed significant Blast hits, and among them 42 were in common between the chlorpyrifos and atrazine exposures. In 19 differentially expressed xenobiotic detoxification genes, 16 were significantly up-regulated in the larvae exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or atrazine. Two cytochrome P450 genes (CtCYP6EV1 and CtCYP4DG2) were specifically up-regulated by chlorpyrifos, whereas three cytochrome P450 genes (CtCYP4DG1, CtCYP6EX3 and CtCYP6EV3) were specifically up-regulated by atrazine. Our results showed that chlorpyrifos exposures even at low concentrations can lead to significant changes in gene expression. The significant transcriptional responses are likely attributed to larval intoxication by the insecticide. These results not only support our previous studies in which candidate gene approaches were used, but also can potentially help develop specific molecular markers for monitoring pesticide exposures in non-target organisms in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jianxiu Yao
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Nanyan Lu
- Bioinformatic Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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18
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Quesada-Calderón S, Bacigalupe LD, Toro-Vélez AF, Madera-Parra CA, Peña-Varón MR, Cárdenas-Henao H. The multigenerational effects of water contamination and endocrine disrupting chemicals on the fitness of Drosophila melanogaster. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6519-6526. [PMID: 28861253 PMCID: PMC5574807 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Water pollution due to human activities produces sedimentation, excessive nutrients, and toxic chemicals, and this, in turn, has an effect on the normal endocrine functioning of living beings. Overall, water pollution may affect some components of the fitness of organisms (e.g., developmental time and fertility). Some toxic compounds found in polluted waters are known as endocrine disruptors (ED), and among these are nonhalogenated phenolic chemicals such as bisphenol A and nonylphenol. To evaluate the effect of nonhalogenated phenolic chemicals on the endocrine system, we subjected two generations (F0 and F1) of Drosophila melanogaster to different concentrations of ED. Specifically, treatments involved wastewater, which had the highest level of ED (bisphenol A and nonylphenol) and treated wastewater from a constructed Heliconia psittacorum wetland with horizontal subsurface water flow (He); the treated wastewater was the treatment with the lowest level of ED. We evaluated the development time from egg to pupa and from pupa to adult as well as fertility. The results show that for individuals exposed to treated wastewater, the developmental time from egg to pupae was shorter in individuals of the F1 generation than in the F0 generation. Additionally, the time from pupae to adult was longer for flies growing in the H. psittacorum treated wastewater. Furthermore, fertility was lower in the F1 generation than in the F0 generation. Although different concentrations of bisphenol A and nonylphenol had no significant effect on the components of fitness of D. melanogaster (developmental time and fertility), there was a trend across generations, likely as a result of selection imposed on the flies. It is possible that the flies developed different strategies to avoid the effects of the various environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suany Quesada-Calderón
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile.,Doctorado en ciencias, mención Ecología y Evolución Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Leonardo Daniel Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
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Vandenberg LN, Ehrlich S, Belcher SM, Ben-Jonathan N, Dolinoy DC, Hugo ER, Hunt PA, Newbold RR, Rubin BS, Saili KS, Soto AM, Wang HS, vom Saal FS. Low dose effects of bisphenol A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/endo.26490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Oh JT, Epler JH, Bentivegna CS. A rapid method of species identification of wild chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) via electrophoresis of hemoglobin proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 104:639-651. [PMID: 24923437 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Studying aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates (BMIs) in the field requires accurate taxonomic identification, which can be difficult and time consuming. Conventionally, head capsule morphology has been used to identify wild larvae of Chironomidae. However, due to the number of species and possible damage and/or deformity of their head capsules, another supporting approach for identification is needed. Here, we provide hemoglobin (Hb) protein in hemolymph of chironomids as a new biomarker that may help resolve some of the ambiguities and difficulties encountered during taxonomic identification. Chironomids collected from two locations in Maine and New Jersey, USA were identified to the genus level and in some cases to the species-level using head capsule and body morphologies. The head capsule for a particular individual was then associated with a corresponding Hb protein profile generated from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Distinct Hb profiles were observed from one group (Thienemannimyia) and four genera (Chironomus, Cricotopus, Dicrotendipes, and Glyptotendipes) of chironomids. Several species were polymorphic, having more than one Hb profile and/or having bands of the same size as those of other species. However, major bands and the combination of bands could distinguish individuals at the genus and sometimes species-level. Overall, this study showed that Hb profiles can be used in combination with head capsule morphology to identify wild chironomids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences,Seton Hall University,South Orange, New Jersey 07079,USA
| | - J H Epler
- 461 Tiger Hammock Road, Crawfordville, Florida 32327,USA
| | - C S Bentivegna
- Department of Biological Sciences,Seton Hall University,South Orange, New Jersey 07079,USA
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21
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Rech KC, Guereschi RM, Torres KH, Nuñer APDO. Subsidies for production of Chironomus calligraphuslarvae (Chironomidae, Diptera) in the laboratory. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2014.894947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lambert S, Johnson C, Keller VDJ, Sinclair CJ, Williams RJ, Boxall ABA. Do natural rubber latex condoms pose a risk to aquatic systems? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2013; 15:2312-2320. [PMID: 24162606 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00422h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence and potential adverse effects of plastic-polymers in the environment are receiving increasing attention in the popular and scientific press. However, quantifying emissions, exposure and effects of these materials remains a challenge. This paper describes the application of a questionnaire survey to quantify emissions of condom material from the domestic household to the sewage waste stream. Condoms are an important mainstay for birth control and the reduction of sexually transmitted infections. Survey participants were estimated to flush condoms down the toilet 2.96% of the time, and emissions were calculated as 0.99 mg of condom material per person per day. Using information on screening efficiencies at sewage treatment plants, the questionnaire data was combined with a GIS-based water quality model (LF2000-WQX) to predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) in a UK river basin catchment. Annual average PECs of condom material were 0.08-0.2 μg L(-1), under the model scenario used. To put these PECs into context, rubber latex condom material was degraded in outdoor microcosms. This resulted in the formation of a complex mixture of substances including chemical degradation products and particles in the nano range. The direct effects of the degradation mixture were investigated using two freshwater organisms with different life cycle traits, the water column crustacean Daphnia magna and the sediment-dwelling larval of Chironomus riparius. Ecotoxicity tests investigated both acute and chronic endpoints and were shown to exhibit no toxic effects. This precluded the derivation of a genuine no-effect concentration. Hence, the results suggest that limited risk to invertebrates is associated with latex condom degradation products to the organisms tested. Future studies should extend this risk framework to assess risks of condoms to other taxonomic groups as well as the risks of other polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Lambert
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Park SY, Nair PMG, Choi J. Characterization and expression of superoxide dismutase genes in Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae) larvae as a potential biomarker of ecotoxicity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 156:187-94. [PMID: 22710426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) is an enzyme involved in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. In this study, a copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-ZnSOD) gene and a manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene in aquatic midge, Chironomus riparius (CrSODs) was identified using an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) database generated by 454 pyrosequencing. A multiple sequence alignment of C. riparius sequences revealed high homology with other insect sequences in terms of the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis of the CrSODs revealed that they were grouped with SODs of other organisms, such as Polypedilum vanderplanki, Drosophila melanogaster, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, Culex quinquefasciatus and Bombyx mori. Expression of the corresponding CrSODs was analyzed during different developmental stages and following exposure to various environmental contaminants with different mode of actions i.e., paraquat, cadmium, benzo[a]pyrene, and chloropyrifos. CrSOD gene expression was significantly up or down regulated in response to exposure to the chemicals tested. The overall results suggested that SOD gene expression provided a platform for the understanding of oxidative stress responses caused by exposure to various environmental contaminants, and the SOD genes could be used as biomarkers for environmental disturbances such as oxidative stress initiated by xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Park
- School of Environmental Engineering and Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
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25
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Martínez-Paz P, Morales M, Martínez-Guitarte JL, Morcillo G. Characterization of a cytochrome P450 gene (CYP4G) and modulation under different exposures to xenobiotics (tributyltin, nonylphenol, bisphenol A) in Chironomus riparius aquatic larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:333-43. [PMID: 22019333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 family members participate in xenobiotic transformation as a detoxification mechanism. We have characterized a CYP gene, assigned to the 4G family, in Chironomus riparius, a reference organism in aquatic toxicology. Due to the potential interest of CYP genes and P450 proteins for monitoring pollution effects at the molecular level, the alterations in the pattern of expression of this gene, induced by different xenobiotics, were analyzed. Different compounds, such as the biocide tributyltin (TBTO) and two other well-known endocrine disruptors, nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA), were tested at different concentrations and acute exposures. Upregulation of the CrCYP4G gene was found after exposures to TBTO (1 ng/L 24h-0.1 ng/L 96 h) and, as measured by RT-PCR mRNA quantification, its level was up to twofold that of controls. However, in contrast, NP (1, 10, 100 μg/L, 24h) and BPA (0.5mg/L 24h-3mg/L 96 h) downregulated the gene (by around a half of the control level) suggesting that this gene responds specifically to particular chemicals in the environment. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymatic activity was also evaluated for each condition. A fairly good correlation was found with CYP4G gene behavior, as it was activated by TBTO (96 h), but inhibited by NP and BPA (24h). Only the higher concentration of BPA tested activated GST, whereas it inhibited CYP4G activity. The results show that different xenobiotics can induce distinct responses in the detoxification pathway, suggesting multiple xenobiotic transduction mechanisms. This work confirms that specific P450 codifying genes, as well as GST enzyme activities, could be suitable biomarkers for ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martínez-Paz
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Morales M, Planelló R, Martínez-Paz P, Herrero O, Cortés E, Martínez-Guitarte JL, Morcillo G. Characterization of Hsp70 gene in Chironomus riparius: expression in response to endocrine disrupting pollutants as a marker of ecotoxicological stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:150-8. [PMID: 20965275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We characterized the Hsp70 cDNA in Chironomus riparius and evaluated its expression profile under different environmental stressors. It is highly conserved, at both DNA and protein levels, displaying many of the hallmarks of Hsps and sharing 80-96% of overall amino acid identities with homologous sequences from other diptera. The changes are mainly concentrated in the C-terminal domain of the protein. Phylogenetic analysis was consistent with the known classification of insects. The Hsp70 gene was located by in situ hybridization in region III-3A at the third polytene chromosome, a locus activated upon heat shock as shown by RNA pol II binding. As C. riparius is widely used in aquatic ecotoxicology testing, we studied Hsp70 gene induction in fourth instar aquatic larvae submitted to heat shock and selected environmental pollutants classified as potential endocrine disruptors. RT-PCR analysis showed that Hsp70 mRNA levels increased significantly (p<0.05) after short-term acute exposures to a temperature shift (HS), cadmium chloride (Cd), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (NP) and ethinylestradiol (EE). However, neither pentachlorophenol (PCP) nor tributyltin (TBTO) treatments were able to activate the Hsp70 gene. The cognate form, Hsc70, was also analysed and, unlike Hsp70, was not altered by any of the different treatments assayed. Moreover, at the times tested, there was no significant mortality of the larvae. The rapid upregulation of the Hsp70 gene suggests that it is sensitive and selective for different environmental pollutants, and could be used as an early molecular endpoint in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Morales
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Garcia-Reyero N, Poynton HC, Kennedy AJ, Guan X, Escalon BL, Chang B, Varshavsky J, Loguinov AV, Vulpe CD, Perkins EJ. Biomarker discovery and transcriptomic responses in Daphnia magna exposed to munitions constituents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:4188-4193. [PMID: 19569350 DOI: 10.1021/es803702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicogenomic approaches are emerging as alternative methods in environmental monitoring because they allow insight into pollutant modes of action and help assess the causal agents and potential toxicity beyond the traditional end points of death, growth, and reproduction. Gene expression analysis has shown particular promise for identifying gene expression biomarkers of chemical exposure that can be further used to monitor specific chemical exposures in the environment. We focused on the development of gene expression markers to detect and discriminate between chemical exposures. Using a custom cDNA microarray for Daphnia magna, we identified distinct expression fingerprints in response to exposure at sublethal concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and munitions constituents. Using the results obtained from microarray analysis, we chose a suite of potential biomarkers for each of the specific exposures. The selected potential biomarkers were tested in independent chemical exposures for specificity using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Six genes were confirmed as differentially regulated bythe selected chemical exposures. Furthermore, each exposure was identified by response of a unique combination (suite) of individual gene expression biomarkers. These results demonstrate the potential for discovery and validation of novel biomarkers of chemical exposures using gene expression analysis, which could have broad applicability in environmental monitoring.
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Choi J, Ha MH. Effect of cadmium exposure on the globin protein expression in 4th instar larvae of
Chironomus riparius
Mg. (Diptera: Chironomidae): An ecotoxicoproteomics approach. Proteomics 2008; 9:31-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200701197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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