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Ates N, Uzal N, Yetis U, Dilek FB. Removal of pesticides from secondary treated urban wastewater by reverse osmosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8732-8745. [PMID: 35404035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The residues of pesticides that reach water resources from agricultural activities in several ways contaminate drinking water resources and threaten aquatic life. This study aimed to investigate the performance of three reverse osmosis (RO) membranes (BW30-LE, SW30-XLE, and GE-AD) in rejecting four different pesticides (tributyl phosphate, flutriafol, dicofol, and irgarol) from secondary treated urban wastewater and also to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the rejection of these pesticides. RO experiments were conducted using pesticide-spiked wastewater samples under 10 and 20 bar transmembrane pressures (TMP) and membrane performances were evaluated. Overall, all the membranes tested exhibited over 95% rejection performances for all pesticides at both TMPs. The highest rejections for tributyl phosphate (99.0%) and irgarol (98.3%) were obtained with the BW30-LE membrane, while for flutriafol (99.9%) and dicofol (99.1%) with the GE-AD membrane. The increase in TMP from 10 to 20 bar did not significantly affect the rejections of all pesticides. The rejection performances of RO membranes were found to be governed by projection area as well as molecular weight and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of pesticides. Among the membranes tested, the SW30-XLE membrane was the most prone to fouling due to the higher roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Ates
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Nigmet Uzal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ulku Yetis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz B Dilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Performance of Various Filtering Media for the Treatment of Cow Manure from Exercise Pens—A Laboratory Study. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
During summer and winter months, pastures and outdoor pens represent the conventional means of providing exercise for dairy cows housed in tie-stall barns in the province of Québec, Canada. Unfortunately, outdoor pens require large spaces, and their leachates do not meet Québec’s environmental regulations. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative approaches for these so-called wintering pens. A sustainable year-long approach could be a stand-off pad consisting of a filtering media to manage adequately water exiting the pad. Different filtering materials can be used and mixed (gravel, woodchips, biochar, sphagnum peat moss, sand, etc.). To find the best material and/or mixes, a laboratory study was carried out using 15 PVC pipes (5 cm in diameter and 50 cm long) to test five different combinations of materials over a 3-week period. Different contaminant-removal efficiencies were achieved with the alternative materials, including for chemical oxygen demand (11–38%), phosphates (8–23%), suspended solids (33–57%), and turbidity (23–58%). Alternative treatments with sand, sphagnum peat moss, and biochar improved the filtration capacity when compared to the conventional material (woodchips). However, after three weeks of experimentation, the treatment efficiency of sand gradually decreased for pollutants such as suspended solids and phosphates.
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Escolà Casas M, Larzabal E, Matamoros V. Exploring the usage of artificial root exudates to enhance the removal of contaminants of emerging concern in slow sand filters: Synthetic vs. real wastewater conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153978. [PMID: 35181359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies we observed that laboratory-scale constructed wetlands exposed to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) increased the release of certain root metabolites which were probably linked with the enhancement of CEC biodegradation. Based on this, the current study tested if the addition of artificial root exudates in slow sand-filtration systems could also enhance the removal of CECs from wastewater. First, in a preliminary study, twelve laboratory-scale slow sand-filtration columns were operated under synthetic and unrealistic wastewater conditions. Thus, by using synthetic wastewater, high concentration of CECs (100 μg L-1 of benzotriazole, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and diclofenac) and artificial root exudates (2-9 g L-1 of glucose, salicylic acid or arginine) we observed that attenuation was enhanced for most of the studied CECs (up to 400%). This enhancement was attributed to cometabolism because the effects on CEC removal ceased when the supply of root exudates was stopped. A follow-up study was conducted to approach real-wastewater treatment conditions. Sand columns were operated with real wastewater, lower concentrations of the selected CECs (20 μg L-1) and of root exudates (0.2 mg L-1 of salicylic acid and 1.14 mg L-1 TOC of Cyperus alternifolius' root exudates). Under these conditions, the addition of root exudates on CEC removal had no effects. Thus, we conducted another test with three different concentrations of salicylic acid. When the concentration of salicylic acid increased to 200 mg L-1, CEC removal modestly increased (up to 40%). Divergence between synthetic and real wastewater studies might be explained, mainly, by the presence of organic sources of nutrients in wastewater, which probably masked the effect of root exudates addition at lower concentrations. This study demonstrates that the effectiveness of root exudates application on the attenuation of CECs from wastewater should be explored under real wastewater conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Escolà Casas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eva Larzabal
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Bork M, Lange J, Graf-Rosenfellner M, Hensen B, Olsson O, Hartung T, Fernández-Pascual E, Lang F. Urban storm water infiltration systems are not reliable sinks for biocides: evidence from column experiments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7242. [PMID: 33790334 PMCID: PMC8012575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundwater quality in urban catchments is endangered by the input of biocides, such as those used in facade paints to suppress algae and fungal growth and washed off by heavy rainfall. Their retention in storm water infiltration systems (SIS) depends, in addition to their molecular properties, on chemical properties and structure of the integrated soil layer. These soil properties change over time and thus possibly also the relevance of preferential flow paths, e.g. due to ongoing biological activity. To investigate the mobility of biocides in SIS, we analyzed the breakthrough of differently adsorbing tracers (bromide, uranine, sulforhodamine B) and commonly used biocides (diuron, terbutryn, octhilinone) in laboratory column experiments of undisturbed soil cores of SIS, covering ages from 3 to 18 years. Despite similar soil texture and chemical soil properties, retention of tracers and biocides differed distinctly between SIS. Tracer and biocide breakthrough ranged from 54% and 5%, to 96% and 54%, respectively. We related the reduced solute retention to preferential transport in macropores as could be confirmed by brilliant blue staining. Our results suggest an increasing risk of groundwater pollution with increasing number of macropores related to biological activity and the age of SIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bork
- Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79098, Freiburg, Germany. .,Soil Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79098, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jens Lange
- Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graf-Rosenfellner
- Soil Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birte Hensen
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, 21335, Lünbeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, 21335, Lünbeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Soil Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elena Fernández-Pascual
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, 21335, Lünbeburg, Germany.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Friederike Lang
- Soil Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79098, Freiburg, Germany
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Tirpak RA, Afrooz AN, Winston RJ, Valenca R, Schiff K, Mohanty SK. Conventional and amended bioretention soil media for targeted pollutant treatment: A critical review to guide the state of the practice. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116648. [PMID: 33227609 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioretention systems are widely used green infrastructure elements that utilize engineered bioretention soil media (BSM) for stormwater capture and treatment. Conventional bioretention soil media, which typically consists of sand, sandy loam, loamy sand or topsoil amended with compost, has limited capacity to remove and may leach some stormwater pollutants. Alternative engineered amendments, both organic and inorganic, have been tested to supplement BSM. Yet, municipalities and regulatory agencies have been slow to adopt these alternative amendments into their design specifications, partly because of a lack of clear guidance on how to select the right amendment to treat a target stormwater contaminant under highly variable climatic conditions. This article aims to provide that guidance by: (1) summarizing the current design BSM specifications adopted by jurisdictions worldwide, (2) comparing the performance of conventional and amended BSM, (3) highlighting advantages and limitations of BSM amendments, and (4) identifying challenges for implementing amendments in field conditions. The analysis not only informs the research community of the barriers faced by stormwater managers in implementing BSM amendments but also provides guidelines for their adoption by interested agencies to comply with existing regulations and meet design needs. This feedback loop could catalyze further innovation in the development of sustainable stormwater treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Andrew Tirpak
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University. 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Arm Nabiul Afrooz
- California State Water Resources Control Board, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA, 95833, USA
| | - Ryan J Winston
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University. 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Deptartment of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Renan Valenca
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ken Schiff
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626
| | - Sanjay K Mohanty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Nord NB, Bester K. Can the removal of pharmaceuticals in biofilters be influenced by short pulses of carbon? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135901. [PMID: 31972906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilters, similar to those already used for, e.g., removing particles from stormwater and combined sewer overflow can remove organic micropollutants from polluted waters. This study investigated the effects on removal of pharmaceuticals with pulse loadings of increased amounts of pre-settled raw wastewater to four individual biofilters containing different materials (sand, filtralite, stonewool, and sand amended with 1% peat). The effect of increasing BOD concentration to the removal rate constants could be divided into two groups; 1) compounds influenced by increasing loading of BOD: atenolol, propranolol, venlafaxine, citalopram, metoprolol, iohexol, and diclofenac 2) compounds only little or not influenced by increasing concentration of BOD: sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethizole, trimethoprim, iomeprol, and carbamazepine. Though BOD clearly had effects on the degradation, no indications towards a complete stop of the degradation were observed under any circumstances. The different biofilter materials influenced (indirectly) the removal of micropollutants: While the overall best performance was seen in the filtralite biofilter, the stonewool biofilter generally had the lowest removal rate constants. Furthermore, we observed different metabolic pathways of metoprolol in the four different biofilters under formation (and removal) of metoprolol acid, α-hydroxymetoprolol, and O-desmethylmetoprolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Brogård Nord
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark.
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Zhang W, Gago-Ferrero P, Gao Q, Ahrens L, Blum K, Rostvall A, Björlenius B, Andersson PL, Wiberg K, Haglund P, Renman G. Evaluation of five filter media in column experiment on the removal of selected organic micropollutants and phosphorus from household wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:920-928. [PMID: 31279249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A bench-scale column experiment was performed to study the removal of 31 selected organic micropollutants (MPs) and phosphorus by lignite, xyloid lignite (Xylit), granular activated carbon (GAC), Polonite® and sand over a period of 12 weeks. In total 29 out of the 31 MPs showed removal efficiency >90% by GAC with an average removal of 97 ± 6%. Xylit and lignite were less efficient with an average removal of 80 ± 28% and 68 ± 29%, respectively. The removal efficiency was found to be impacted by the characterization of the sorbents and physicochemical properties of the compounds, as well as the interaction between the sorbents and compounds. For instance, Xylit and lignite performed well for relatively hydrophobic (log octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) ≥3) MPs, while the removal efficiency of moderately hydrophilic, highly hydrophilic and negatively charged MPs were lower. The organic sorbents were found to have more functional groups at their surfaces, which might explain the higher adsorption of MPs to these sorbents. The removal of several MPs improved after four weeks in sand, Xylit, GAC and lignite which may be related to increased biological activity and biofilm development. GAC and sand had limited ability to remove phosphorus (12 ± 27% and 14 ± 2%, respectively), while the calcium-silicate material Polonite® precipitated phosphorus efficiently and increased the total phosphorus removal from 12% to 96% after the GAC filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Dept. of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Qiuju Gao
- Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kristin Blum
- Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ande Rostvall
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Berndt Björlenius
- Dept. of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrik L Andersson
- Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Peter Haglund
- Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Gunno Renman
- Dept. of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Guillossou R, Le Roux J, Mailler R, Vulliet E, Morlay C, Nauleau F, Gasperi J, Rocher V. Organic micropollutants in a large wastewater treatment plant: What are the benefits of an advanced treatment by activated carbon adsorption in comparison to conventional treatment? CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:1050-1060. [PMID: 30609484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several advanced treatments, such as ozonation or activated carbon adsorption, are currently considered for the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). However, little is known on the overall performances of a WWTP upgraded with those processes and the benefits provided regarding the elimination of multiple families of OMPs. In this study, 5 sampling campaigns were performed to determine the removal of 48 OMPs in a WWTP followed by an activated carbon pilot. The primary treatment had no effect on OMPs (removals < 20%), whereas the biological treatment removed OMPs that can be easily sorbed onto sludges or biodegraded (>60%). The additional elimination provided by the advanced treatment was not significant (<10%) for OMPs already well removed in the WWTP) but was substantial (>30%) for recalcitrant OMPs. Removals higher than 60% were obtained for all OMPs (except azithromycin and sulfamethoxazole) over the WWTP and the activated carbon pilot. The adsorption conditions (10 g/m3 fresh activated carbon addition) were not sufficient to achieve the 80% removal targeted in Switzerland for compounds suggested as indicator substances for wastewater treatment. A higher dose of activated carbon or the combination with another advanced treatment should be used to achieve a satisfactory removal of those compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Guillossou
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Eau, Environnement, Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - AgroParisTech, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - Julien Le Roux
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Eau, Environnement, Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - AgroParisTech, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Romain Mailler
- Syndicat Interdépartemental pour l'Assainissement de l'Agglomération Parisienne (SIAAP), Direction Innovation et Environnement, 82 Avenue Kléber, Colombes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Morlay
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabrice Nauleau
- Saur, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, Maurepas, France
| | - Johnny Gasperi
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Eau, Environnement, Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UMR MA 102 - AgroParisTech, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - Vincent Rocher
- Syndicat Interdépartemental pour l'Assainissement de l'Agglomération Parisienne (SIAAP), Direction Innovation et Environnement, 82 Avenue Kléber, Colombes, France
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Bollmann UE, Fernández-Calviño D, Brandt KK, Storgaard MS, Sanderson H, Bester K. Biocide Runoff from Building Facades: Degradation Kinetics in Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3694-3702. [PMID: 28287716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biocides are common additives in building materials. In-can and film preservatives in polymer-resin render and paint, as well as wood preservatives are used to protect facade materials from microbial spoilage. Biocides leach from the facade material with driving rain, leading to highly polluted runoff water (up to several mg L-1 biocides) being infiltrated into the soil surrounding houses. In the present study the degradation rates in soil of 11 biocides used for the protection of building materials were determined in laboratory microcosms. The results show that some biocides are degraded rapidly in soil (e.g., isothiazolinones: T1/2 < 10 days) while others displayed higher persistence (e.g., terbutryn, triazoles: T1/2 ≫ 120 days). In addition, mass balances of terbutryn and octylisothiazolinone were determined, including nine (terbutryn) and seven (octylisothiazolinone) degradation products, respectively. The terbutryn mass balance could be closed over the entire study period of 120 days and showed that relative persistent metabolites were formed, while the mass balances for octylisothiazolinone could not be closed. Octylisothiazolinone degradation products did not accumulate over time suggesting that the missing fraction was mineralized. Microtox-tests revealed that degradation products were less toxic toward the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri than their parent compounds. Rain is mobilizing these biocides from the facades and transports them to the surrounding soils; thus, rainfall events control how often new input to the soil occurs. Time intervals between rainfall events in Northern Europe are shorter than degradation half-lives even for many rapidly degraded biocides. Consequently, residues of some biocides are likely to be continuously present due to repeated input and most biocides can be considered as "pseudo-persistent"-contaminants in this context. This was verified by (sub)urban soil screening, where concentrations of up to 0.1 μg g-1 were detected for parent compounds as well as terbutryn degradation products in soils below biocide treated facades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla E Bollmann
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University , Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - David Fernández-Calviño
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vigo , As Lagoas 1, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Kristian K Brandt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Morten S Storgaard
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University , Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Zoophysiology, Aarhus University , C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University , Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University , Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Christoffels E, Brunsch A, Wunderlich-Pfeiffer J, Mertens FM. Monitoring micropollutants in the Swist river basin. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:2280-2296. [PMID: 27858785 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutant pathways were studied for the Swist river basin (Western Germany). The aim was to verify the effectiveness of a monitoring approach to detect micropollutants entering the river. In a separate sewer system, water was frequently found to be contaminated with micropollutants. Improper connections of sewage canals to the stormwater network seemed to be the cause of pollution. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) exerted the largest influence on micropollutants for the receiving river. During a flu outbreak, antibiotics in the Swist stemming from WWTPs increased remarkably. Elevated levels of pharmaceuticals were measured in discharges from a combined sewer overflow (CSO). The study showed that the pharmaceutical load of a CSO was significantly reduced by advanced treatment with a retention soil filter. Painkillers, an anticonvulsant and beta blockers were the most often detected pharmaceuticals in the sewage of urban areas. Herbicides, flame retardants and industrial compounds were also observed frequently. On cropland, Chloridazon and Terbuthylazine compounds were often found in landscape runoff. Fungicides and insecticides were the most frequent positive findings in runoff from orchards. The paper shows that a coherent approach to collecting valid information regarding micropollutants and to addressing relevant pathways as a basis for appropriate management strategies could be established.
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Styszko K, Kupiec K. Determination of diffusion coefficients of biocides on their passage through organic resin-based renders. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 160:273-279. [PMID: 27391050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study the diffusion coefficients of isoproturon, diuron and cybutryn in acrylate and silicone resin-based renders were determined. The diffusion coefficients were determined using measuring concentrations of biocides in the liquid phase after being in contact with renders for specific time intervals. The mathematical solution of the transient diffusion equation for an infinite plate contacted on one side with a limited volume of water was used to calculate the diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficients through the acrylate render were 8.10·10(-9) m(2) s(-1) for isoproturon, 1.96·10(-9) m(2) s(-1) for diuron and 1.53·10(-9) m(2) s(-1) for cybutryn. The results for the silicone render were lower by one order of magnitude. The compounds with a high diffusion coefficient for one polymer had likewise high values for the other polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Styszko
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, 30-059 Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kupiec
- Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
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Moawed E, Abulkibash A, El-Shahat M. Synthesis of tannic acid azo polyurethane sorbent and its application for extraction and determination of atrazine and prometryn pesticides in foods and water samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Escolà Casas M, Bester K. Can those organic micro-pollutants that are recalcitrant in activated sludge treatment be removed from wastewater by biofilm reactors (slow sand filters)? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 506-507:315-322. [PMID: 25460965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of seven compounds which are usually recalcitrant in classical activated sludge treatment (e.g., diclofenac, propranolol, iopromide, iohexol, iomeprol tebuconazole and propiconazole) was studied in a biofilm reactor (slow sand filtration). This reactor was used to treat real effluent-wastewater at different flow rates (hydraulic loadings) under aerobic conditions so removal and degradation kinetics of these recalcitrant compounds were calculated. With the hydraulic loading rate of 0.012 m(3)m(2)h(-1) the reactor removed 41, 94, 58, 57 and 85% of diclofenac, propranolol, iopromide, iohexol and iomeprol respectively. For these compounds the removal efficiency was dependent on hydraulic residence-times. Only 59 and 21% of the incoming tebuconazole and propiconazole respectively were removed but their removal did not depend on hydraulic residence time. Biofilm reactors are thus efficient in removing micro-pollutants and could be considered as an option for advanced treatment in small wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Escolà Casas
- Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Moawed E, El-Shahat M. Extraction of Triazine Herbicides by Polyhydroxyl-Polyurethane Foam in Environmental Samples. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 52:12-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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