1
|
Avila-Arias H, Casallas FC, Arbeli Z, García Gutiérrez A, Fajardo Gomez CA, Herrera Castillo DY, Carvajal Ramirez S, Tamayo-Figueroa DP, Benavides López de Mesa J, Roldan F. Bacteria isolated from explosive contaminated environments transform pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad113. [PMID: 37740443 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a nitrate ester explosive that may be persistent with scarce reports on its environmental fate and impacts. Our main objective was to isolate and characterize bacteria that transform PETN under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biotransformation of PETN (100 mg L-1) was evaluated using mineral medium with (M + C) and without (M - C) additional carbon sources under aerobic conditions and with additional carbon sources under anaerobic conditions. Here, we report on the isolation of 12 PETN-transforming cultures (4 pure and 8 co-cultures) from environmental samples collected at an explosive manufacturing plant. The highest transformation of PETN was observed for cultures in M + C under aerobic conditions, reaching up to 91% ± 2% in 2 d. Under this condition, PETN biotransformation was observed in conjunction with the release of nitrites and bacterial growth. No substantial transformation of PETN (<45%) was observed during 21 d in M - C under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, five cultures could transform PETN (up to 52% ± 13%) as the sole nitrogen source, concurrent with the formation of two unidentified metabolites. PETN-transforming cultures belonged to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. In conclusion, we isolated 12 PETN-transforming cultures belonging to diverse taxa, suggesting that PETN transformation is phylogenetically widespread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Avila-Arias
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Francy-Carolina Casallas
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Ziv Arbeli
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Andrea García Gutiérrez
- Programa de ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Facultad de ingeniería, Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Maestría en Diseño y gestión de Procesos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá 110831, Colombia
| | - Carlos Andres Fajardo Gomez
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Denis Yohana Herrera Castillo
- Programa de ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Facultad de ingeniería, Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Sandra Carvajal Ramirez
- Programa de ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Facultad de ingeniería, Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Diana Paola Tamayo-Figueroa
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | | | - Fabio Roldan
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Avellaneda H, Arbeli Z, Teran W, Roldan F. Transformation of TNT, 2,4-DNT, and PETN by Raoultella planticola M30b and Rhizobium radiobacter M109 and exploration of the associated enzymes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:190. [PMID: 33247357 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The nitrated compounds 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) are toxic xenobiotics widely used in various industries. They often coexist as environmental contaminants. The aims of this study were to evaluate the transformation of 100 mg L-1 of TNT, 2,4-DNT, and PETN by Raoultella planticola M30b and Rhizobium radiobacter M109c and identify enzymes that may participate in the transformation. These strains were selected from 34 TNT transforming bacteria. Cupriavidus metallidurans DNT was used as a reference strain for comparison purposes. Strains DNT, M30b and M109c transformed 2,4-DNT (100%), TNT (100, 94.7 and 63.6%, respectively), and PETN (72.7, 69.3 and 90.7%, respectively). However, the presence of TNT negatively affects 2,4-DNT and PETN transformation (inhibition > 40%) in strains DNT and M109c and fully inhibited (100% inhibition) 2,4-DNT transformation in R. planticola M30b.Genomes of R. planticola M30b and R. radiobacter M109c were sequenced to identify genes related with 2,4-DNT, TNT or PETN transformation. None of the tested strains presented DNT oxygenase, which has been previously reported in the transformation of 2,4-DNT. Thus, unidentified novel enzymes in these strains are involved in 2,4-DNT transformation. Genes encoding enzymes homologous to the previously reported TNT and PETN-transforming enzymes were identified in both genomes. R. planticola M30b have homologous genes of PETN reductase and xenobiotic reductase B, while R. radiobacter M109c have homologous genes to GTN reductase and PnrA nitroreductase. The ability of these strains to transform explosive mixtures has a potentially biotechnological application in the bioremediation of contaminated environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Avellaneda
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Ziv Arbeli
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Wilson Teran
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Biología de Plantas y Sistemas Productivos, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fabio Roldan
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sadani M, Karami MA, Teimouri F, Amin MM, Moosavi SM, Dehdashti B. Kinetic parameters and nitrate, nitrite changes in bioremediation of Toxic Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) contaminated soil. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5623-5630. [PMID: 29238507 PMCID: PMC5718871 DOI: 10.19082/5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleanup of areas contaminated by explosives is a public health concern. Some explosives can be carcinogenic in humans. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN), a powerful explosive with very low water solubility, can be easily transported to ground waters. Objective This study was conducted to determine the removal efficiencies of PETN from soil by bioremediation, and obtain kinetic parameters of biological process. Methods This experimental study was conducted at the Environmental Health Engineering Lab (Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran) in 2015–2016. In the present work, bioremediation of the explosive-polluted soils by PETN in anaerobic-aerobic landfarming method was performed. The influence of seeding and biosurfactant addition on bioremediation was also evaluated. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. Results The results show that, as the initial concentration of PETN increased, the lag phase was increased and the specific growth rate was increased up to 0.1/day in concentration of 50 mg/kg, and then it was decreased to 0.04/day. Subsequent decreases in specific growth rate can cause substrate inhibition. Seeding causes decrease in lag phase significantly. Biosurfactant addition had little to no impact on the length of lag phase, but biosurfactant plus seeding can increase the growth rate to 0.2/day, however, inhibitory effect of the initial concentration was started in very high concentration of PETN (150 mg/kg). Conclusion Biosurfactant addition and seeding together have an impressive effect on biodegradation of PETN, furthermore seeding can enhance active microbial consortium and biosurfactant can improve the poor aqueous solubility of PETN, therefore making the substrate more accessible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sadani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Karami
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Teimouri
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Ph.D. of Environmental Health, Professor, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Bahare Dehdashti
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Center, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arbeli Z, Garcia-Bonilla E, Pardo C, Hidalgo K, Velásquez T, Peña L, C ER, Avila-Arias H, Molano-Gonzalez N, Brandão PFB, Roldan F. Persistence of pentolite (PETN and TNT) in soil microcosms and microbial enrichment cultures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9144-9155. [PMID: 26832872 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pentolite is a mixture (1:1) of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and little is known about its fate in the environment. This study was aimed to determine the dissipation of pentolite in soils under laboratory conditions. Microcosm experiments conducted with two soils demonstrated that dissipation rate of PETN was significantly slower than that of TNT. Interestingly, the dissipation of PETN was enhanced by the presence of TNT, while PETN did not enhanced the dissipation of TNT. Pentolite dissipation rate was significantly faster under biostimulation treatment (addition of carbon source) in soil from the artificial wetland, while no such stimulation was observed in soil from detonation field. In addition, the dissipation rate of TNT and PETN in soil from artificial wetland under biostimulation was significantly faster than the equivalent abiotic control, although it seems that non-biological processes might also be important for the dissipation of TNT and PETN. Transformation of PETN was also slower during establishment of enrichment culture using pentolite as the sole nitrogen source. In addition, transformation of these explosives was gradually reduced and practically stopped after the forth cultures transfer (80 days). DGGE analysis of bacterial communities from these cultures indicates that all consortia were dominated by bacteria from the order Burkholderiales and Rhodanobacter. In conclusion, our results suggest that PETN might be more persistent than TNT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Arbeli
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 N. 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Erika Garcia-Bonilla
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 N. 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cindy Pardo
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 N. 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Kelly Hidalgo
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 N. 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Trigal Velásquez
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 N. 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Peña
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 N. 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eliana Ramos C
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 N. 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Helena Avila-Arias
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 N. 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Molano-Gonzalez
- Study Center of Autoimmune Diseases (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pedro F B Brandão
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Aplicada, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra. 30 N. 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fabio Roldan
- Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra. 7 N. 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhuang L, Gui L, Gillham RW, Landis RC. Laboratory and pilot-scale bioremediation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 264:261-268. [PMID: 24316800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), a munitions constituent, is commonly encountered in munitions-contaminated soils, and pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms. This study investigated anaerobic remediation of PETN-contaminated soil at a site near Denver Colorado. Both granular iron and organic carbon amendments were used in both laboratory and pilot-scale tests. The laboratory results showed that, with various organic carbon amendments, PETN at initial concentrations of between 4500 and 5000mg/kg was effectively removed within 84 days. In the field trial, after a test period of 446 days, PETN mass removal of up to 53,071mg/kg of PETN (80%) was achieved with an organic carbon amendment (DARAMEND) of 4% by weight. In previous laboratory studies, granular iron has shown to be highly effective in degrading PETN. However, for both the laboratory and pilot-scale tests, granular iron was proven to be ineffective. This was a consequence of passivation of the iron surfaces caused by the very high concentrations of nitrate in the contaminated soil. This study indicated that low concentration of organic carbon was a key factor limiting bioremediation of PETN in the contaminated soil. Furthermore, the addition of organic carbon amendments such as the DARAMEND materials or brewers grain, proved to be highly effective in stimulating the biodegradation of PETN and could provide the basis for full-scale remediation of PETN-contaminated sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhuang
- Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Lai Gui
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Pest Management and Regulatory Agency, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Robert W Gillham
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|